内容正文:
2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 3 Make it happen!语法知识
必备知识清单
单元语法释疑
动词不定式与动名词作宾语
一、动词不定式作宾语
1常见动词:在英语中,有一些动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语,这类动词有很多,例如:
want(想要):I want to buy a new bike.(我想买一辆新自行车。)这里 “to buy a new bike” 是动词不定式短语作 “want” 的宾语,表示 “想要” 去做的具体事情。
hope(希望):She hopes to visit her grandparents this weekend.(她希望这个周末去看望她的祖父母。)“to visit her grandparents this weekend” 是 “hope” 的宾语,表达了主语所期望达成的行为。
decide(决定):We decided to go on a trip to the mountains.(我们决定去山区旅行。)“to go on a trip to the mountains” 是 “decide” 的宾语,体现了做出的决定内容。
agree(同意):They agreed to help us with the project.(他们同意帮助我们做这个项目。)“to help us with the project” 作 “agree” 的宾语,说明同意去做的事情。
plan(计划):He plans to study abroad next year.(他计划明年出国留学。)“to study abroad next year” 是 “plan” 的宾语,展示了计划的具体安排。
offer(主动提出):She offered to lend me her book.(她主动提出把她的书借给我。)“to lend me her book” 作为 “offer” 的宾语,表明主动提议做的动作。
promise(承诺):My father promised to take me to the zoo.(我爸爸承诺带我去动物园。)“to take me to the zoo” 是 “promise” 的宾语,即承诺要做的事。
refuse(拒绝):The boy refused to eat vegetables.(这个男孩拒绝吃蔬菜。)“to eat vegetables” 作 “refuse” 的宾语,说明拒绝的行为。
manage(设法做成):He managed to solve the difficult problem.(他设法解决了这个难题。)“to solve the difficult problem” 是 “manage” 的宾语,表示成功做到的事情。
fail(未能做成):I failed to pass the exam.(我没能通过考试。)“to pass the exam” 是 “fail” 的宾语,体现了未达成的动作。
learn(学习):We are learning to play the guitar.(我们正在学习弹吉他。)“to play the guitar” 作 “learn” 的宾语,是学习的具体内容。
pretend(假装):The little girl pretended to be asleep.(这个小女孩假装睡着了。)“to be asleep” 是 “pretend” 的宾语,说明假装进行的动作。
afford(负担得起):They can't afford to buy a big house.(他们买不起大房子。)“to buy a big house” 作 “afford” 的宾语,表明负担不起的行为。
choose(选择):I choose to stay at home rather than go out.(我选择待在家里而不是出去。)“to stay at home” 是 “choose” 的宾语,展示了做出的选择。
2.“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构:还有一些动词,如 “know(知道)、learn(学习)、remember(记得)、forget(忘记)、explain(解释)、wonder(想知道)、understand(理解)” 等,后面常接 “疑问词(how、what、when、where、which、whether 等) + 不定式” 结构作宾语。例如:
know:I don't know how to use this machine.(我不知道如何使用这台机器。)“how to use this machine” 是 “know” 的宾语,通过 “how” 引导,说明了不知道的关于使用机器的方式。
learn:She is learning when to plant these flowers.(她正在学习什么时候种这些花。)“when to plant these flowers” 作 “learn” 的宾语,“when” 引导表明学习的关于种花时间方面的内容。
remember:Remember where to meet tomorrow.(记住明天在哪里见面。)“where to meet tomorrow” 是 “remember” 的宾语,“where” 引导明确了需要记住的见面地点。
forget:He forgot how to get to the park.(他忘记了怎么去公园。)“how to get to the park” 作 “forget” 的宾语,“how” 引导体现了忘记的去公园的方式。
explain:Can you explain how to solve this math problem?(你能解释一下如何解决这道数学题吗?)“how to solve this math problem” 是 “explain” 的宾语,“how” 引导说明解释的关于解题方法的内容。
wonder:I wonder which book to choose.(我想知道选哪本书。)“which book to choose” 作 “wonder” 的宾语,“which” 引导表示想知道的关于选择书籍的具体对象。
understand:Do you understand what to do next?(你明白下一步做什么吗?)“what to do next” 是 “understand” 的宾语,“what” 引导明确了需要明白的下一步行动内容。
二、动名词作宾语
1.常见动词:另外有一部分动词后面只能接动名词作宾语,常见的有:
enjoy(喜欢):I enjoy reading novels in my free time.(我喜欢在空闲时间读小说。)“reading novels” 是动名词短语作 “enjoy” 的宾语,表达喜欢进行的活动。
finish(完成):He finished doing his homework quickly.(他很快完成了他的家庭作业。)“doing his homework” 作 “finish” 的宾语,说明完成的具体行为。
mind(介意):Would you mind opening the window?(你介意打开窗户吗?)“opening the window” 是 “mind” 的宾语,表示介意对方进行的动作。
avoid(避免):We should avoid making the same mistake again.(我们应该避免再犯同样的错误。)“making the same mistake again” 作 “avoid” 的宾语,体现避免发生的行为。
suggest(建议):She suggested going for a picnic this Sunday.(她建议这个星期天去野餐。)“going for a picnic this Sunday” 是 “suggest” 的宾语,为建议的具体内容。
practice(练习):You need to practice speaking English every day.(你需要每天练习说英语。)“speaking English” 作 “practice” 的宾语,是练习的具体行为。
consider(考虑):We are considering buying a new car.(我们正在考虑买一辆新车。)“buying a new car” 作 “consider” 的宾语,表明考虑进行的动作。
miss(错过):He missed catching the early bus this morning.(他今天早上错过了赶上早班车。)“catching the early bus this morning” 作 “miss” 的宾语,说明错过的行为。
keep(继续,一直):Keep studying hard and you will succeed.(继续努力学习,你会成功的。)“studying hard” 作 “keep” 的宾语,表示持续进行的动作。
imagine(想象):Can you imagine living on the moon?(你能想象生活在月球上吗?)“living on the moon” 作 “imagine” 的宾语,为想象的内容。
2.固定短语中的动名词:还有一些固定短语,其中的动词后面也是接动名词作宾语,例如:
be good at(擅长):She is good at dancing.(她擅长跳舞。)“dancing” 作 “be good at” 这个短语中 “at” 的宾语,体现擅长的领域。
look forward to(期待):We are looking forward to seeing you soon.(我们期待着很快见到你。)“seeing you soon” 作 “look forward to” 中 “to” 的宾语,表达期待发生的事情。
pay attention to(注意):Pay attention to listening to the teacher in class.(上课要注意听老师讲课)“listening to the teacher in class” 作 “pay attention to” 中 “to” 的宾语,说明需要注意的行为。
give up(放弃):Don't give up trying.(不要放弃尝试)“trying” 作 “give up” 的宾语,体现放弃的行为。
feel like(想要):I feel like eating ice cream.(我想吃冰淇淋)“eating ice cream” 作 “feel like” 的宾语,表达想要进行的行为。
三、既能接动词不定式又能接动名词作宾语的动词
1.意义相同的情况:有一些动词,如 “like(喜欢)、love(爱)、hate(憎恨)、prefer(宁可)、begin(开始)、start(开始)、continue(继续)、can't bear(不能忍受)、bother(麻烦)、intend(想要)、attempt(试图)、cease(停止)” 等,后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,且在很多情况下意义差别不大。例如:
like:I like to play basketball. = I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。)两种表达都表示 “喜欢打篮球” 这一爱好,“to play basketball” 和 “playing basketball” 分别为动词不定式和动名词作 “like” 的宾语。
begin:The meeting began to discuss the plan. = The meeting began discussing the plan.(会议开始讨论这个计划。)这里 “to discuss the plan” 和 “discussing the plan” 都可以作 “began” 的宾语,意思相近,都表示会议开始进入讨论计划的阶段。
start:He started to learn French last year. = He started learning French last year.(他去年开始学法语。)“to learn French” 和 “learning French” 在句中都作 “started” 的宾语,都表达从去年开始有学法语这个行为。
continue:They continued to work after a short break. = They continued working after a short break.(他们休息了一会儿后继续工作。)“to work” 和 “working” 作为 “continued” 的宾语,都表示休息后接着进行工作的意思。
2.意义不同的情况:然而,有些动词虽然既能接动词不定式又能接动名词作宾语,但意义却有所不同,常见的有:
①forget(忘记)
forget to do sth. 表示 “忘记要去做某事”(事情还未做):Don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.(你离开房间时别忘了关灯。)“to turn off the lights” 这个动作还未发生,是需要记住去做的事情。
forget doing sth. 表示 “忘记做过某事”(事情已经做了):I forget telling you about it.(我忘了已经告诉过你这件事了。)说明 “telling you about it” 这个动作已经完成,但现在忘记了。
②remember(记得)
remember to do sth. 表示 “记得要去做某事”(事情还未做):Remember to bring your homework tomorrow.(记得明天把你的作业带来。)“to bring your homework tomorrow” 是还未进行的动作,需要记住去完成。
remember doing sth. 表示 “记得做过某事”(事情已经做了):I remember seeing her at the party last night.(我记得昨晚在派对上见过她。)“seeing her at the party last night” 这个动作已经发生,现在还记得。
③regret(后悔)
regret to do sth. 表示 “对即将要做的事感到遗憾”:I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.(我很遗憾地告诉你,你考试不及格。)“to tell you that you failed the exam” 是即将要进行的告知行为,说话者对此感到遗憾。
regret doing sth. 表示 “后悔做过某事”:He regrets not studying hard last term.(他后悔上学期没有努力学习。)“not studying hard last term” 这个行为已经发生,他现在对此感到后悔。
④mean(意味着;打算)
mean to do sth. 表示 “打算做某事”:I mean to go shopping this afternoon.(我打算今天下午去购物。)“to go shopping this afternoon” 体现了主语的计划和意图。
mean doing sth. 表示 “意味着做某事”:Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.(错过这趟公交车意味着要再等一个小时。)“waiting for another hour” 是 “Missing the bus” 所带来的结果和含义。
⑤try(尝试;努力)
try to do sth. 表示 “努力做某事,设法做某事”:He tried to climb the mountain.(他努力尝试去爬山。)强调付出努力去达成 “climb the mountain” 这个动作。
try doing sth. 表示 “试着做某事,尝试某种方法看是否可行”:Let's try using this new method.(让我们试试用这种新方法。)这里 “using this new method” 是尝试的一种方式,看看是否能达到预期效果。
⑥stop(停止)
stop to do sth. 表示 “停下正在做的事去做另一件事”:He stopped to have a rest.(他停下来去休息。)说明他先停下正在做的事情,然后开始 “have a rest” 这个新的行为。
stop doing sth. 表示 “停止做正在做的事情”:Stop talking, please.(请停止说话。)即停止当前 “talking” 这个动作。
核心知识回顾
need/require/want/deserve后面接动名词的用法
当 need、require、want、deserve 后接动名词时,动名词的主动形式表达被动含义,其本质是主语承受动名词所表示的动作。这一用法与 “need/require/want/deserve + to be done” 结构同义,可以相互转换,例如 “The garden needs watering.” 等同于 “The garden needs to be watered.” ,都表示花园是被浇水的对象 。
【用法示例】
①need:强调客观上有必要做某事,通常用于描述事物本身存在的需求。
例:
The broken bicycle needs fixing.(这辆坏了的自行车需要修理。)[自行车是被修理的对象,它本身存在修理的需求]
The lawn needs cutting after the rain.(雨后草坪需要修剪。)草坪是被修剪的,这是客观上的需求。
②require:侧重于因规定、规则、条件等而产生的要求,带有一定的强制性。
例:
All applicants' documents require checking thoroughly.(所有申请人的文件都需要仔细核查。)这是基于申请流程的规定和要求。
The equipment requires maintaining regularly to work properly.(设备需要定期维护才能正常运转。)这是设备正常运行条件所产生的要求。
③want:除了有 “想要” 的意思,在表示 “需要” 时,可指缺乏某物或某种情况需要改变。
例:
The empty vase wants filling with fresh flowers.(这个空花瓶需要插上鲜花。)花瓶本身缺乏鲜花,需要补充。
The dull lecture wants spicing up with some interesting stories.(这场枯燥的讲座需要穿插一些有趣的故事来活跃气氛。)讲座的状态需要改变。
④deserve:表示某人或某物应得、值得做某事,强调一种合理性。
例句:
His excellent performance deserves commending.(他出色的表现值得赞扬。)他的表现是被赞扬的对象,赞扬是合理的。
This historic site deserves preserving for future generations.(这个历史遗迹值得为后代保存下来。)遗迹应该被保护,这是合理的做法。
【注意事项】
动名词的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,如 “The garden needs watering.” 中,“watering” 的动作承受者是 “The garden”。虽然它们后接动名词表被动与 “+ to be done” 结构同义,但在实际使用中,动名词结构更加简洁自然,而 “+ to be done” 结构在书面语中更常见,且更强调动作的被动性。
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1.Tomorrow is my father’s birthday, and I plan ________ a cake for him.
A.make B.making C.made D.to make
2.Flowers in the park all come ________. Remember ________ your camera to take some beautiful photos!
A.out; taking B.out; to take C.in; taking D.in; to take
3.—Would you like ________ to the beach with me?
—Yes, I’d love to.
A.go B.going C.went D.to go
4.We can’t afford ________ any longer, or we’ll miss the plane.
A.waiting B.to wait C.waited D.wait
5.Li Lei wants ________ an artist like Yang Liping.
A.being B.be C.to be D.do
6.He won’t dare ________ his promise.
A.broke B.to break C.breaking D.breaks
7.The mouse promised ________ the lion when the lion let it go.
A.help B.helping C.to help D.helped
8.—Would you like________ basketball with me this afternoon?
—Yes, I enjoy playing basketball a lot.
A.to play B.play C.playing D.plays
9.—John, remember off all the lights when you leave.
—No problem!
A.turn B.turned C.to turn D.turning
10.She prefers ________ rather than ________ TV.
A.swimming; watching B.to swimming; watching
C.to swim; watch D.to swim; watching
11.Lucy would like ________ to school every morning. That’s a good way to exercise for her.
A.walk B.walks C.to walk D.walking
12.It was late at night when my father ________ the airport, and he decided ________ a taxi home.
A.arrived in; to take B.arrived in; taking C.arrived at; to take D.arrived at; taking
13.I really hope ________a good high school to get further education.
A.enter B.entered C.entering D.to enter
14.Li Ming hopes ________ together with his family on Spring Festival.
A.get B.got C.getting D.to get
15.The students plan ______ a first-aid workshop next term.
A.hold B.holds C.to hold D.holding
16.This Sunday, Wang Na would like ________ the movie Kung Fu Panda 4 with her family.
A.watch B.to watch C.watches D.watching
17.Mike offered ______ Mary to carry her suitcase, but Mary said she could manage it herself.
A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped
18.Mom prefers ________ at home rather than go out for a walk on rainy days.
A.rest B.to rest C.resting D.rested
19.There is something wrong with his computer. He plans to ________ it this afternoon.
A.use B.repair C.delete D.notice
20.We all find _____ necessary for us _____ English well.
A.it’s; to learn B.it; learning C.it’s; learning D.it; to learn
21.We found it very interesting ________ English.
A.learning B.to learn C.learn D.learns
22.Every May we expect ________ many Jacarandas (蓝花楹) in Kunming.
A.enjoy B.to enjoy C.enjoying D.enjoys
23.Scientists are trying ________ new energy vehicles that are more efficient and environmentally friendly.
A.developing B.to develop C.developed D.develop
24.Don’t forget ________ off the fans when you leave.
A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.to turning
25.His father can’t afford ________ such a big house with a swimming pool.
A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.bought
26.Betty decides ________ a Chinese course because she is crazy about Chinese culture.
A.take B.took C.taking D.to take
27.It’s reported that China plans ________ astronauts to the moon before 2030.
A.send B.sending C.to send D.sends
28.—Jane’s English is really good.
—Yes, she works hard and practices ________ it often.
A.spoke B.to speak C.speaking D.speaks
29.More attention should be paid to ________ the environment.
A.protect B.protecting C.protected D.to protect
30.The scientists are busy ______ new energy sources to solve the energy problem.
A.research B.to research C.researching D.researched
31.He enjoys ________ the football games on TV in his free time.
A.watching B.to watch C.watch D.to watching
32.A great many people in Changchun enjoy ________ flowers along the Yitong River in spring.
A.admire B.to admire C.admired D.admiring
33.—Look! The children are having a great time ________ kites in the park.
—How happy they are!
A.make B.makes C.to make D.making
34.—Did you have a good time in the park last Friday?
—It stopped ________ early in the morning that day and we had many outdoor activities.
A.rain B.rained C.raining D.to rain
35.Your teachers are all friendly and helpful. Don’t ________ afraid of ________ close to them.
A./; be B./; being C.be; being D.be; be
36.—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen.
—That’s true, It is well worth ________ again.
A.move; see B.moved; to see C.moving; seeing D.moved; seeing.
37.The students stop ________ and listen to the teacher carefully.
A.saying B.to say C.to talk D.talking
38.—Thank you for ________ me ________ my English.
—You are welcome.
A.help; to B.helping; to C.help; with D.helping; with
39.These days people spend lots of time ______ short videos on TikTok. I think it’s a waste of time.
A.watch B.watches C.watching D.to watch
40.The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom.
A.organize B.to organize C.organizes D.organizing
二、完成句子
41.Wendy是一个外向的女孩。所有同学都喜欢和她交朋友。
Wendy is an outgoing girl. All her classmates like to .
42.越来越多的学生想参加我们学校的科技节。
More and more students want my school’s science festival.
43.我发现很难理解他。
I found it hard him.
44.他喜欢在他生日的时候许个愿。
He likes to on his birthday.
45.作为一名新生,我很想给我的新同学留下好的印象。
As a new student, I really want to my new classmates.
46.我现在努力工作,希望有朝一日能去国外旅游。
I’m working hard now and hope to for travelling some day.
47.他决定参观每一个社团。
He each club in the fair.
48.她发现难以在学业与爱好之间获得平衡。
She finds it hard a balance between her schoolwork and her hobby.
49.他们需要花三个小时完成这项工作。
They need to the work.
50.我不想增加体重。
I don’t want to .
51.我更喜欢独自散步。
I go out for a walk .
52.李玲期待奶奶来广州和她一起生活。
Li Ling’s grandma to Guangzhou and live with her.
53.你想在牛奶里加多少糖?
sugar would you like to the milk?
54.青少年应该学会自己做决定。
Teenagers should learn to by themselves.
55.我认为,如果我们继续齐心协力,下次一定能赢。
I think if we continue to , we’re going to win the next one.
56.我们需要查明是谁拿走了教师的钥匙。
We need to who took the key to the classroom.
57.驾驶的时候你需要注意路况。
You need to to the road when you are driving.
58.我得清理掉旧衣服。
I need to my old clothes.
59.我发现这个问题很难解决。
I find this problem.
60.我想品尝美食并去观光。
I want to food and .
61.记得要在运动前做热身活动。
Remember to before exercising.
62.我们需要买多少盐?
salt do we need ?
63.如果你想在生活中取得成功,设定明确的目标很重要。
It’s important to set clear if you want to life.
64.莉莉的父母擅长弹钢琴。
Lily’s parents the piano.
65.因为本很友好,他们都喜欢跟他交朋友。
Because Ben is nice, they enjoy him.
66.他对做饭很感兴趣。
He .
67.在火车上,我喜欢阅读和看外面美丽的风景。
I and looking outside to see the beautiful scenery on the train.
68.没有什么能阻止我们努力实现传承文化遗产、守护生态家园的使命。
Nothing can stop us hard to achieve our tasks of passing on cultural heritage and protecting our natural home.
69.我喜欢拍照,因为它们能帮助我记住我和家人一起的快乐时光。
I like because they help me remember fun times my family.
70.我奶奶花了十年时间练习制作剪纸作品。
It My grandma 10 years paper cutting art works.
71.我喜欢在公园里散步。
I like in the park.
72.他建议我们要多锻炼,而不是一直坐着。
He advised us to exercise more all the time.
73.为什么不考虑多读一些经典作品呢?
Why not more classic works?
74.上个月,她学习制作连环漫画并经常练习。
Last month, she comic strips and kept .
75.他为解决全球饥饿问题做出了一些贡献。
He the problem of global hunger.
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 3 Make it happen!语法知识
必备知识清单
单元语法释疑
动词不定式与动名词作宾语
一、动词不定式作宾语
1常见动词:在英语中,有一些动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语,这类动词有很多,例如:
want(想要):I want to buy a new bike.(我想买一辆新自行车。)这里 “to buy a new bike” 是动词不定式短语作 “want” 的宾语,表示 “想要” 去做的具体事情。
hope(希望):She hopes to visit her grandparents this weekend.(她希望这个周末去看望她的祖父母。)“to visit her grandparents this weekend” 是 “hope” 的宾语,表达了主语所期望达成的行为。
decide(决定):We decided to go on a trip to the mountains.(我们决定去山区旅行。)“to go on a trip to the mountains” 是 “decide” 的宾语,体现了做出的决定内容。
agree(同意):They agreed to help us with the project.(他们同意帮助我们做这个项目。)“to help us with the project” 作 “agree” 的宾语,说明同意去做的事情。
plan(计划):He plans to study abroad next year.(他计划明年出国留学。)“to study abroad next year” 是 “plan” 的宾语,展示了计划的具体安排。
offer(主动提出):She offered to lend me her book.(她主动提出把她的书借给我。)“to lend me her book” 作为 “offer” 的宾语,表明主动提议做的动作。
promise(承诺):My father promised to take me to the zoo.(我爸爸承诺带我去动物园。)“to take me to the zoo” 是 “promise” 的宾语,即承诺要做的事。
refuse(拒绝):The boy refused to eat vegetables.(这个男孩拒绝吃蔬菜。)“to eat vegetables” 作 “refuse” 的宾语,说明拒绝的行为。
manage(设法做成):He managed to solve the difficult problem.(他设法解决了这个难题。)“to solve the difficult problem” 是 “manage” 的宾语,表示成功做到的事情。
fail(未能做成):I failed to pass the exam.(我没能通过考试。)“to pass the exam” 是 “fail” 的宾语,体现了未达成的动作。
learn(学习):We are learning to play the guitar.(我们正在学习弹吉他。)“to play the guitar” 作 “learn” 的宾语,是学习的具体内容。
pretend(假装):The little girl pretended to be asleep.(这个小女孩假装睡着了。)“to be asleep” 是 “pretend” 的宾语,说明假装进行的动作。
afford(负担得起):They can't afford to buy a big house.(他们买不起大房子。)“to buy a big house” 作 “afford” 的宾语,表明负担不起的行为。
choose(选择):I choose to stay at home rather than go out.(我选择待在家里而不是出去。)“to stay at home” 是 “choose” 的宾语,展示了做出的选择。
2.“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构:还有一些动词,如 “know(知道)、learn(学习)、remember(记得)、forget(忘记)、explain(解释)、wonder(想知道)、understand(理解)” 等,后面常接 “疑问词(how、what、when、where、which、whether 等) + 不定式” 结构作宾语。例如:
know:I don't know how to use this machine.(我不知道如何使用这台机器。)“how to use this machine” 是 “know” 的宾语,通过 “how” 引导,说明了不知道的关于使用机器的方式。
learn:She is learning when to plant these flowers.(她正在学习什么时候种这些花。)“when to plant these flowers” 作 “learn” 的宾语,“when” 引导表明学习的关于种花时间方面的内容。
remember:Remember where to meet tomorrow.(记住明天在哪里见面。)“where to meet tomorrow” 是 “remember” 的宾语,“where” 引导明确了需要记住的见面地点。
forget:He forgot how to get to the park.(他忘记了怎么去公园。)“how to get to the park” 作 “forget” 的宾语,“how” 引导体现了忘记的去公园的方式。
explain:Can you explain how to solve this math problem?(你能解释一下如何解决这道数学题吗?)“how to solve this math problem” 是 “explain” 的宾语,“how” 引导说明解释的关于解题方法的内容。
wonder:I wonder which book to choose.(我想知道选哪本书。)“which book to choose” 作 “wonder” 的宾语,“which” 引导表示想知道的关于选择书籍的具体对象。
understand:Do you understand what to do next?(你明白下一步做什么吗?)“what to do next” 是 “understand” 的宾语,“what” 引导明确了需要明白的下一步行动内容。
二、动名词作宾语
1.常见动词:另外有一部分动词后面只能接动名词作宾语,常见的有:
enjoy(喜欢):I enjoy reading novels in my free time.(我喜欢在空闲时间读小说。)“reading novels” 是动名词短语作 “enjoy” 的宾语,表达喜欢进行的活动。
finish(完成):He finished doing his homework quickly.(他很快完成了他的家庭作业。)“doing his homework” 作 “finish” 的宾语,说明完成的具体行为。
mind(介意):Would you mind opening the window?(你介意打开窗户吗?)“opening the window” 是 “mind” 的宾语,表示介意对方进行的动作。
avoid(避免):We should avoid making the same mistake again.(我们应该避免再犯同样的错误。)“making the same mistake again” 作 “avoid” 的宾语,体现避免发生的行为。
suggest(建议):She suggested going for a picnic this Sunday.(她建议这个星期天去野餐。)“going for a picnic this Sunday” 是 “suggest” 的宾语,为建议的具体内容。
practice(练习):You need to practice speaking English every day.(你需要每天练习说英语。)“speaking English” 作 “practice” 的宾语,是练习的具体行为。
consider(考虑):We are considering buying a new car.(我们正在考虑买一辆新车。)“buying a new car” 作 “consider” 的宾语,表明考虑进行的动作。
miss(错过):He missed catching the early bus this morning.(他今天早上错过了赶上早班车。)“catching the early bus this morning” 作 “miss” 的宾语,说明错过的行为。
keep(继续,一直):Keep studying hard and you will succeed.(继续努力学习,你会成功的。)“studying hard” 作 “keep” 的宾语,表示持续进行的动作。
imagine(想象):Can you imagine living on the moon?(你能想象生活在月球上吗?)“living on the moon” 作 “imagine” 的宾语,为想象的内容。
2.固定短语中的动名词:还有一些固定短语,其中的动词后面也是接动名词作宾语,例如:
be good at(擅长):She is good at dancing.(她擅长跳舞。)“dancing” 作 “be good at” 这个短语中 “at” 的宾语,体现擅长的领域。
look forward to(期待):We are looking forward to seeing you soon.(我们期待着很快见到你。)“seeing you soon” 作 “look forward to” 中 “to” 的宾语,表达期待发生的事情。
pay attention to(注意):Pay attention to listening to the teacher in class.(上课要注意听老师讲课)“listening to the teacher in class” 作 “pay attention to” 中 “to” 的宾语,说明需要注意的行为。
give up(放弃):Don't give up trying.(不要放弃尝试)“trying” 作 “give up” 的宾语,体现放弃的行为。
feel like(想要):I feel like eating ice cream.(我想吃冰淇淋)“eating ice cream” 作 “feel like” 的宾语,表达想要进行的行为。
三、既能接动词不定式又能接动名词作宾语的动词
1.意义相同的情况:有一些动词,如 “like(喜欢)、love(爱)、hate(憎恨)、prefer(宁可)、begin(开始)、start(开始)、continue(继续)、can't bear(不能忍受)、bother(麻烦)、intend(想要)、attempt(试图)、cease(停止)” 等,后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,且在很多情况下意义差别不大。例如:
like:I like to play basketball. = I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。)两种表达都表示 “喜欢打篮球” 这一爱好,“to play basketball” 和 “playing basketball” 分别为动词不定式和动名词作 “like” 的宾语。
begin:The meeting began to discuss the plan. = The meeting began discussing the plan.(会议开始讨论这个计划。)这里 “to discuss the plan” 和 “discussing the plan” 都可以作 “began” 的宾语,意思相近,都表示会议开始进入讨论计划的阶段。
start:He started to learn French last year. = He started learning French last year.(他去年开始学法语。)“to learn French” 和 “learning French” 在句中都作 “started” 的宾语,都表达从去年开始有学法语这个行为。
continue:They continued to work after a short break. = They continued working after a short break.(他们休息了一会儿后继续工作。)“to work” 和 “working” 作为 “continued” 的宾语,都表示休息后接着进行工作的意思。
2.意义不同的情况:然而,有些动词虽然既能接动词不定式又能接动名词作宾语,但意义却有所不同,常见的有:
①forget(忘记)
forget to do sth. 表示 “忘记要去做某事”(事情还未做):Don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.(你离开房间时别忘了关灯。)“to turn off the lights” 这个动作还未发生,是需要记住去做的事情。
forget doing sth. 表示 “忘记做过某事”(事情已经做了):I forget telling you about it.(我忘了已经告诉过你这件事了。)说明 “telling you about it” 这个动作已经完成,但现在忘记了。
②remember(记得)
remember to do sth. 表示 “记得要去做某事”(事情还未做):Remember to bring your homework tomorrow.(记得明天把你的作业带来。)“to bring your homework tomorrow” 是还未进行的动作,需要记住去完成。
remember doing sth. 表示 “记得做过某事”(事情已经做了):I remember seeing her at the party last night.(我记得昨晚在派对上见过她。)“seeing her at the party last night” 这个动作已经发生,现在还记得。
③regret(后悔)
regret to do sth. 表示 “对即将要做的事感到遗憾”:I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.(我很遗憾地告诉你,你考试不及格。)“to tell you that you failed the exam” 是即将要进行的告知行为,说话者对此感到遗憾。
regret doing sth. 表示 “后悔做过某事”:He regrets not studying hard last term.(他后悔上学期没有努力学习。)“not studying hard last term” 这个行为已经发生,他现在对此感到后悔。
④mean(意味着;打算)
mean to do sth. 表示 “打算做某事”:I mean to go shopping this afternoon.(我打算今天下午去购物。)“to go shopping this afternoon” 体现了主语的计划和意图。
mean doing sth. 表示 “意味着做某事”:Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.(错过这趟公交车意味着要再等一个小时。)“waiting for another hour” 是 “Missing the bus” 所带来的结果和含义。
⑤try(尝试;努力)
try to do sth. 表示 “努力做某事,设法做某事”:He tried to climb the mountain.(他努力尝试去爬山。)强调付出努力去达成 “climb the mountain” 这个动作。
try doing sth. 表示 “试着做某事,尝试某种方法看是否可行”:Let's try using this new method.(让我们试试用这种新方法。)这里 “using this new method” 是尝试的一种方式,看看是否能达到预期效果。
⑥stop(停止)
stop to do sth. 表示 “停下正在做的事去做另一件事”:He stopped to have a rest.(他停下来去休息。)说明他先停下正在做的事情,然后开始 “have a rest” 这个新的行为。
stop doing sth. 表示 “停止做正在做的事情”:Stop talking, please.(请停止说话。)即停止当前 “talking” 这个动作。
核心知识回顾
need/require/want/deserve后面接动名词的用法
当 need、require、want、deserve 后接动名词时,动名词的主动形式表达被动含义,其本质是主语承受动名词所表示的动作。这一用法与 “need/require/want/deserve + to be done” 结构同义,可以相互转换,例如 “The garden needs watering.” 等同于 “The garden needs to be watered.” ,都表示花园是被浇水的对象 。
【用法示例】
①need:强调客观上有必要做某事,通常用于描述事物本身存在的需求。
例:
The broken bicycle needs fixing.(这辆坏了的自行车需要修理。)[自行车是被修理的对象,它本身存在修理的需求]
The lawn needs cutting after the rain.(雨后草坪需要修剪。)草坪是被修剪的,这是客观上的需求。
②require:侧重于因规定、规则、条件等而产生的要求,带有一定的强制性。
例:
All applicants' documents require checking thoroughly.(所有申请人的文件都需要仔细核查。)这是基于申请流程的规定和要求。
The equipment requires maintaining regularly to work properly.(设备需要定期维护才能正常运转。)这是设备正常运行条件所产生的要求。
③want:除了有 “想要” 的意思,在表示 “需要” 时,可指缺乏某物或某种情况需要改变。
例:
The empty vase wants filling with fresh flowers.(这个空花瓶需要插上鲜花。)花瓶本身缺乏鲜花,需要补充。
The dull lecture wants spicing up with some interesting stories.(这场枯燥的讲座需要穿插一些有趣的故事来活跃气氛。)讲座的状态需要改变。
④deserve:表示某人或某物应得、值得做某事,强调一种合理性。
例句:
His excellent performance deserves commending.(他出色的表现值得赞扬。)他的表现是被赞扬的对象,赞扬是合理的。
This historic site deserves preserving for future generations.(这个历史遗迹值得为后代保存下来。)遗迹应该被保护,这是合理的做法。
【注意事项】
动名词的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,如 “The garden needs watering.” 中,“watering” 的动作承受者是 “The garden”。虽然它们后接动名词表被动与 “+ to be done” 结构同义,但在实际使用中,动名词结构更加简洁自然,而 “+ to be done” 结构在书面语中更常见,且更强调动作的被动性。
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1.Tomorrow is my father’s birthday, and I plan ________ a cake for him.
A.make B.making C.made D.to make
2.Flowers in the park all come ________. Remember ________ your camera to take some beautiful photos!
A.out; taking B.out; to take C.in; taking D.in; to take
3.—Would you like ________ to the beach with me?
—Yes, I’d love to.
A.go B.going C.went D.to go
4.We can’t afford ________ any longer, or we’ll miss the plane.
A.waiting B.to wait C.waited D.wait
5.Li Lei wants ________ an artist like Yang Liping.
A.being B.be C.to be D.do
6.He won’t dare ________ his promise.
A.broke B.to break C.breaking D.breaks
7.The mouse promised ________ the lion when the lion let it go.
A.help B.helping C.to help D.helped
8.—Would you like________ basketball with me this afternoon?
—Yes, I enjoy playing basketball a lot.
A.to play B.play C.playing D.plays
9.—John, remember off all the lights when you leave.
—No problem!
A.turn B.turned C.to turn D.turning
10.She prefers ________ rather than ________ TV.
A.swimming; watching B.to swimming; watching
C.to swim; watch D.to swim; watching
11.Lucy would like ________ to school every morning. That’s a good way to exercise for her.
A.walk B.walks C.to walk D.walking
12.It was late at night when my father ________ the airport, and he decided ________ a taxi home.
A.arrived in; to take B.arrived in; taking C.arrived at; to take D.arrived at; taking
13.I really hope ________a good high school to get further education.
A.enter B.entered C.entering D.to enter
14.Li Ming hopes ________ together with his family on Spring Festival.
A.get B.got C.getting D.to get
15.The students plan ______ a first-aid workshop next term.
A.hold B.holds C.to hold D.holding
16.This Sunday, Wang Na would like ________ the movie Kung Fu Panda 4 with her family.
A.watch B.to watch C.watches D.watching
17.Mike offered ______ Mary to carry her suitcase, but Mary said she could manage it herself.
A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped
18.Mom prefers ________ at home rather than go out for a walk on rainy days.
A.rest B.to rest C.resting D.rested
19.There is something wrong with his computer. He plans to ________ it this afternoon.
A.use B.repair C.delete D.notice
20.We all find _____ necessary for us _____ English well.
A.it’s; to learn B.it; learning C.it’s; learning D.it; to learn
21.We found it very interesting ________ English.
A.learning B.to learn C.learn D.learns
22.Every May we expect ________ many Jacarandas (蓝花楹) in Kunming.
A.enjoy B.to enjoy C.enjoying D.enjoys
23.Scientists are trying ________ new energy vehicles that are more efficient and environmentally friendly.
A.developing B.to develop C.developed D.develop
24.Don’t forget ________ off the fans when you leave.
A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.to turning
25.His father can’t afford ________ such a big house with a swimming pool.
A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.bought
26.Betty decides ________ a Chinese course because she is crazy about Chinese culture.
A.take B.took C.taking D.to take
27.It’s reported that China plans ________ astronauts to the moon before 2030.
A.send B.sending C.to send D.sends
28.—Jane’s English is really good.
—Yes, she works hard and practices ________ it often.
A.spoke B.to speak C.speaking D.speaks
29.More attention should be paid to ________ the environment.
A.protect B.protecting C.protected D.to protect
30.The scientists are busy ______ new energy sources to solve the energy problem.
A.research B.to research C.researching D.researched
31.He enjoys ________ the football games on TV in his free time.
A.watching B.to watch C.watch D.to watching
32.A great many people in Changchun enjoy ________ flowers along the Yitong River in spring.
A.admire B.to admire C.admired D.admiring
33.—Look! The children are having a great time ________ kites in the park.
—How happy they are!
A.make B.makes C.to make D.making
34.—Did you have a good time in the park last Friday?
—It stopped ________ early in the morning that day and we had many outdoor activities.
A.rain B.rained C.raining D.to rain
35.Your teachers are all friendly and helpful. Don’t ________ afraid of ________ close to them.
A./; be B./; being C.be; being D.be; be
36.—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen.
—That’s true, It is well worth ________ again.
A.move; see B.moved; to see C.moving; seeing D.moved; seeing.
37.The students stop ________ and listen to the teacher carefully.
A.saying B.to say C.to talk D.talking
38.—Thank you for ________ me ________ my English.
—You are welcome.
A.help; to B.helping; to C.help; with D.helping; with
39.These days people spend lots of time ______ short videos on TikTok. I think it’s a waste of time.
A.watch B.watches C.watching D.to watch
40.The heavy rain prevented us from ________ the outdoor activities as planned, so we had to stay in the classroom.
A.organize B.to organize C.organizes D.organizing
二、完成句子
41.Wendy是一个外向的女孩。所有同学都喜欢和她交朋友。
Wendy is an outgoing girl. All her classmates like to .
42.越来越多的学生想参加我们学校的科技节。
More and more students want my school’s science festival.
43.我发现很难理解他。
I found it hard him.
44.他喜欢在他生日的时候许个愿。
He likes to on his birthday.
45.作为一名新生,我很想给我的新同学留下好的印象。
As a new student, I really want to my new classmates.
46.我现在努力工作,希望有朝一日能去国外旅游。
I’m working hard now and hope to for travelling some day.
47.他决定参观每一个社团。
He each club in the fair.
48.她发现难以在学业与爱好之间获得平衡。
She finds it hard a balance between her schoolwork and her hobby.
49.他们需要花三个小时完成这项工作。
They need to the work.
50.我不想增加体重。
I don’t want to .
51.我更喜欢独自散步。
I go out for a walk .
52.李玲期待奶奶来广州和她一起生活。
Li Ling’s grandma to Guangzhou and live with her.
53.你想在牛奶里加多少糖?
sugar would you like to the milk?
54.青少年应该学会自己做决定。
Teenagers should learn to by themselves.
55.我认为,如果我们继续齐心协力,下次一定能赢。
I think if we continue to , we’re going to win the next one.
56.我们需要查明是谁拿走了教师的钥匙。
We need to who took the key to the classroom.
57.驾驶的时候你需要注意路况。
You need to to the road when you are driving.
58.我得清理掉旧衣服。
I need to my old clothes.
59.我发现这个问题很难解决。
I find this problem.
60.我想品尝美食并去观光。
I want to food and .
61.记得要在运动前做热身活动。
Remember to before exercising.
62.我们需要买多少盐?
salt do we need ?
63.如果你想在生活中取得成功,设定明确的目标很重要。
It’s important to set clear if you want to life.
64.莉莉的父母擅长弹钢琴。
Lily’s parents the piano.
65.因为本很友好,他们都喜欢跟他交朋友。
Because Ben is nice, they enjoy him.
66.他对做饭很感兴趣。
He .
67.在火车上,我喜欢阅读和看外面美丽的风景。
I and looking outside to see the beautiful scenery on the train.
68.没有什么能阻止我们努力实现传承文化遗产、守护生态家园的使命。
Nothing can stop us hard to achieve our tasks of passing on cultural heritage and protecting our natural home.
69.我喜欢拍照,因为它们能帮助我记住我和家人一起的快乐时光。
I like because they help me remember fun times my family.
70.我奶奶花了十年时间练习制作剪纸作品。
It My grandma 10 years paper cutting art works.
71.我喜欢在公园里散步。
I like in the park.
72.他建议我们要多锻炼,而不是一直坐着。
He advised us to exercise more all the time.
73.为什么不考虑多读一些经典作品呢?
Why not more classic works?
74.上个月,她学习制作连环漫画并经常练习。
Last month, she comic strips and kept .
75.他为解决全球饥饿问题做出了一些贡献。
He the problem of global hunger.
参考答案
一、
1.D
【解析】句意:明天是我爸爸的生日,我计划为他做一个蛋糕。
考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。make动词原形;making动名词/现在分词;made过去式/过去分词;to make动词不定式。“plan to do sth.”表示“计划做某事”,所以此处用动词不定式“to make”。故选D。
2.B
【解析】句意:公园里的花都开了。记得带上相机拍些漂亮的照片!
考查介词辨析和非谓语动词。out出现;in在……里。第一个空,根据“take some beautiful photos”可知,花都开了,可以拍漂亮的照片,come out“出现”,此处指花朵绽放;第二个空,根据“your camera to take some beautiful photos”可知,此处指用相机去拍照,还没有拍。remember to do表示“记得要做某事,还没做”,空处填动词不定式to take。故选B。
3.D
【解析】句意:——你愿意和我一起去海滩吗?——是的,我很乐意。
考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.“想做某事”,是固定搭配。故选D。
4.B
【解析】句意:我们不能再等了,否则我们就会错过我们的飞机。
考查动词不定式作宾语。waiting等待,现在分词;to wait等待,动词不定式;waited等待,动词过去式;wait等待,动词原形。根据“We can’t afford...any longer, or we’ll miss the plane.”可知,此处考查固定搭配:can’t afford to do sth.“无法承担做某事”。故选B。
5.C
【解析】句意:李雷想成为像杨丽萍那样的艺术家。
考查非谓语动词。want to do sth“想要做某事”,后面跟to do形式。故选C。
6.B
【解析】句意:他不敢违背诺言。
考查非谓语动词。根据“won’t dare”可知,dare在此处是实义动词,dare to do sth. “敢于做某事”,用不定式作宾语。故选B。
7.C
【解析】句意:当狮子放走老鼠时,老鼠承诺帮助它。
考查非谓语动词。promise to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“承诺做某事”,此处需用动词不定式to help。故选C。
8.A
【解析】句意:——你今天下午想和我一起打篮球吗?——是的,我非常喜欢打篮球。
考查would like的用法。would like意为“想;想要”,“would like to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“想做某事”。故选A。
9.C
【解析】句意:——约翰,记得离开时关掉所有的灯。——没问题!
考查动词非谓语。remember to do sth表示“记得要做某事”,强调动作尚未发生;remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”,强调动作已经发生。根据句意“off all the lights when you leave.”可知动作尚未发生,应使用不定式结构。故选C。
10.C
【解析】句意:她宁愿游泳也不愿看电视。
考查非谓语动词。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”,动词短语。故选C。
11.C
【解析】句意:露西每天早上想步行去上学。那对她来说是个锻炼的好方法。
考查非谓语动词。would like to do sth.“想要做某事”,固定短语,动词不定式作宾语,因此用to walk。故选C。
12.C
【解析】句意:父亲到达机场时已经很晚了,他决定乘出租车回家。
考查短语辨析和非谓语。arrive in到达,强调到达大地点 (国家、城市等);arrive at到达,强调到达小地点 (具体场所,如机场、车站等);to take动词不定式;taking动名词或现在分词。根据“the airport”可知,机场为小地点,用arrive at;decide to do sth“决定做某事”。故选C。
13.D
【解析】句意:我真的很希望进入一所好的高中接受进一步的教育。
考查非谓语。hope to do sth希望做某事,动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
14.D
【解析】句意:李明希望春节时能和家人团聚。
考查非谓语动词用法。get原形;got过去式;getting动名词/现在分词;to get动词不定式。根据“hopes”可知此处需用“hope to do”结构表示“希望做某事”,故选D。
15.C
【解析】句意:学生们计划在下个学期举办一个急救工作坊。
考查动词的非谓语形式。hold举行,动词原形;holds举行,动词的单三形式;to hold举行,动词不定式;holding举行,现在分词。根据题意可知,plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,固定短语。故选C。
16.B
【解析】句意:这个星期天,王娜想和她的家人一起看电影《功夫熊猫4》。
考查动词不定式。根据“This Sunday, Wang Na would like...the movie Kung Fu Panda 4 with her family.”可知,“would like to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“想要做某事”,所以这里要用“to watch”。故选B。
17.A
【解析】句意:迈克主动提出帮玛丽提行李箱,但玛丽说她自己能拿。
考查非谓语动词。offer to do something“提出做某事”,空处填动词不定式作宾语。故选A。
18.B
【解析】句意:妈妈更喜欢在雨天待在家里休息,而不是出去散步。
考查非谓语动词。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“更喜欢做某事而不是做其他事”为固定用法。故空处需动词不定式。故选B。
19.B
【解析】句意:他的电脑出问题了。他计划今天下午修理它。
考查动词辨析。use使用;repair修理;delete删除;notice注意。根据前文“There is something wrong with his computer.”可知,他的电脑出问题了,所以需要“修理”电脑,“repair”意为“修理;修复”。故选B。
20.D
【解析】句意:我们都发现学好英语对我们来说是必要的。
考查it固定句型。分析句子结构可知,此处是句式“sb. finds it+形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth.”,意为“某人发现做某事是……”,其中it是形式宾语,后面的动词不定式是真正宾语。故选D。
21.B
【解析】句意:我们发现学习英语很有趣。
考查非谓语动词。根据“We found it very interesting...English.”可知,此处为“find it+adj.+to do”结构,意为“发现做某事是怎么样的”,it作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正宾语。故选B。
22.B
【解析】句意:每年五月,我们都期望在昆明欣赏到许多蓝花楹。
考查非谓语动词。enjoy动词原形;to enjoy动词不定式;enjoying动词-ing形式;enjoys动词第三人称单数形式。expect to do sth“期望做某事”,是固定用法。故选B。
23.B
【解析】句意:科学家们正在努力开发更高效、更环保的新能源汽车。
考查非谓语动词。try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”;try doing sth.表示“试着做某事”。根据“new energy vehicles”可知此处表示科学家正努力开发更高效、环保的新能源汽车,用结构try to do。故选B。
24.C
【解析】句意:当你离开时,别忘记关电扇。
考查非谓语动词。forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事;forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。根据“Don’t forget...off the fans when you leave.”可知,这里指离开时别忘记关电扇,动作还未做,应用动词不定式作宾语,故选C。
25.C
【解析】句意:他爸爸买不起这么大的带游泳池的房子。
考查非谓语动词。afford to do sth.“负担得起做某事”,是固定搭配。故选C。
26.D
【解析】句意:贝蒂决定上一门中文课,因为她对中国文化很着迷。
考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,是固定搭配,D项符合。故选D。
27.C
【解析】句意:据报道,中国计划在2030年前将宇航员送上月球。
考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,固定搭配,所以这里应用动词不定式“to send”。故选C。
28.C
【解析】句意:——简的英语真好。——是的,她学习努力,并且经常练习说英语。
考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth“练习做某事”,空处用动名词作宾语。故选C。
29.B
【解析】句意:应该更加注意保护环境。
考查非谓语动词。protect保护,动词原形;protecting保护,动名词或现在分词;protected保护,过去式或过去分词;to protect保护,动词不定式。根据“More attention should be paid to...the environment.”可知,此处是固定搭配pay attention to doing sth.“注意做某事”,其中to是介词,后接动名词作宾语,所以用protecting。故选B。
30.C
【解析】句意:科学家们正忙着研究新能源来解决能源问题。
考查非谓语动词。research动词原形;to research动词不定式;researching动词-ing形式;researched过去式,过去分词。be busy doing sth. 意为“忙于做某事”,因此空格处应填动词的-ing形式。故选C。
31.A
【解析】句意:他喜欢在他的空闲时间看电视上的足球比赛。
考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”,是固定搭配。故选A。
32.D
【解析】句意:长春许多人喜欢春天沿伊通河赏花。
考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth为固定搭配,表示“喜欢做某事”,强调习惯性动作或爱好,所以填动名词形式。故选D。
33.D
【解析】句意:——看!孩子们在公园里做风筝玩得很开心。——他们是多么幸福啊!
考查非谓语动词。have a great time doing sth.“做某事玩得很开心”,动名词作宾语。故选D。
34.C
【解析】句意:—— 上周五你们在公园玩得开心吗?—— 那天清晨雨停了,我们进行了许多户外活动。
考查动名词的用法。“stop doing sth.”表示“停止正在做的事”,“stop to do sth.”表示“停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事”,此处指“雨停了”,强调停止的状态,应用stop doing结构。故选C。
35.C
【解析】句意:你的老师都很友好和乐于助人。不要害怕靠近他们。
考查祈使句,形容词短语、动词短语和动名词作宾语。be afraid of“害怕”,祈使句用动词原形,排除AB;be close to“靠近”,of是介词,其后用动名词作宾语。故选C。
36.C
【解析】句意:——到目前为止,《你好,李焕英》是我看过的最感人的电影之一。——真的,很值得再看一遍。
考查形容词辨析和非谓语动词。move感动,动词;moved感动的,修饰人;moving令人感动的,修饰物。根据“So far, Hi Mom is one of the most…films I’ve ever seen.”可知,此处修饰的是电影,应该用moving修饰;be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”,形容词短语,第二个空填seeing。故选C。
37.D
【解析】句意:学生们停止交谈,并认真听老师讲课。
考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。say说,及物动词;talk交谈,不及物动词。根据“The students stop...and listen to the teacher carefully.”可知,空后无宾语,所以用不及物动词,排除A和B;stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做另一件事”;stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事情”,此处指“停止交谈,并听老师讲课”,排除C。故选D。
38.D
【解析】句意:——感谢你帮助我学习英语。——不客气。
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。thank sb for doing sth“感谢某人做某事”,介词for后接动名词,因此第一空用helping;help sb with sth“帮助某人做某事”,固定短语,因此第二空用with。故选D。
39.C
【解析】句意:如今人们花很多时间在TikTok上看短视频。我觉得这是浪费时间。
考查非谓语动词。watch观看(原形);watches观看(第三人称单数);watching观看(动名词);to watch观看(不定式)。spend time doing sth表示“花时间做某事”,固定搭配,此处需用动名词形式作宾语。故选C。
40.D
【解析】句意:这场大雨阻止了我们按计划组织户外活动,所以我们不得不待在教室里。
考查非谓语动词。organize组织,动词原形;to organize不定式;organizes三单形式;organizing动名词/现在分词。根据“The heavy rain prevented us from”可知,“prevent sb. from doing sth.”是一个固定短语,意思是“阻止某人做某事”,其中“from”是介词,后面需要接动词的-ing形式。故选D。
二、
41. make friends with her
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空格处意思是“和她交朋友”,英文表达是“make friends with her”;“like to do sth.”喜欢做某事,to后接动词原形,故填make;friends;with;her。
42. to take part in
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺少“(想)参加”的表达。want to do sth意为“想要做某事”;take part in意为“参加”。故填to;take;part;in。
43. to understand
【解析】结合中英文可知,此句这里的it是形式宾语,用动词不定式作为真正宾语,构成句型:sb. find it+adj+to do sth.“某人发现做某事是……的”;理解:understand。故填to;understand。
44. make a wish
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,英文句子缺少“许个愿”,英文表达是make a wish,动词短语,make位于动词不定式符号to之后,所以make保持原形。故填make;a;wish。
45. make a good impression on
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺“给……留下好印象” ,“给……留下印象”常见英文表达是“make an impression on sb.”,“好的”用“good”,want to后接动词原形。故填make;a;good;impression;on。
46. go abroad
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“去国外”,其英文表达为go abroad,不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填go;abroad。
47. decided to visit
【解析】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“决定参观”;decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,是固定搭配,此处表示过去的事情,应用一般过去时;visit“参观”。故填decided;to;visit。
48. to achieve
【解析】对比中英文可知,空处缺少“获得……”;根据英文题干和汉语提示可知,此处考查find it adj. to do sth.“发现做某事……”结构,其中“it”作形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语;achieve a balance“取得平衡”,固定搭配。故填to;achieve。
49. spend three hours finishing/completing
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺“花三个小时完成”。need to do sth.“需要做某事”,所以spend用动词原形;“spend”表示“花费 (时间)”,固定搭配为spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”;three hours对应中文“三个小时”;finish/complete“完成”的动名词形式为finishing/completing。故填spend;three;hours;finishing/completing。
50. put on weight
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空格处缺“增加体重”。“put on”有“增加(体重等)”的意思,“weight”是“体重”,“put on weight”是固定短语,意为“增加体重”。 故填put;on;weight。
51. prefer to by myself
【解析】根据题干可知,缺少的信息为“更喜欢独自”,prefer to do sth“更喜欢做某事”,by oneself“独自”,时态是一般现在时,主语是I,动词用原形,反身代词用myself。故填prefer;to;by;myself。
52. is expected to come
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,be expected to do sth.“被期待做某事”,固定短语;句子时态为一般现在时,主语“Li Ling’s grandma”是第三人称单数,be动词应用is;come“来”,动词。故填is;expected;to;come。
53. How much to add
【解析】sugar是不可数名词,所以,前两空用how much“多少”,句首首字母大写;would like to do sth“想要做某事”;add“加”。故填How;much;to;add。
54. make decisions
【解析】“做决定”用make decisions表示,learn to do sth“学会做某事”,此处填动词原形。故填make;decisions。
55. pull together
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空格处为“齐心协力”pull together,continue to do sth“继续做某事”,故空格处应用动词原形。故填pull;together。
56. find out
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺“查明”。“find out”侧重于经过一番努力、调查、询问等之后“弄清楚,查明”事情的真相、原因等 ,符合“查明是谁拿走了教室钥匙”语境。故填find out。
57. pay attention
【解析】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“注意”,pay attention to“注意”,need to do sth.“需要做某事”,是固定搭配。故填pay;attention。
58. clear out
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处考查“清理”的表达,clear out意为“清理”符合题意,又因need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”,故此处用动词原形,故填clear;out。
59. it difficult/hard to solve
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,这里考查“find+it+形容词+to do sth.”,其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to do sth,“形容词”用来补充说明做某事的情况。在本句中,“难的” 译为difficult/hard,“解决”译为solve,故填it;difficult/hard;to;solve。
60. eat delicious go sightseeing
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺少“品尝美”和“去观光”。eat表示“吃”;delicious表示“美味的”;go sightseeing表示“去观光”;want to do sth.表示“想要做某事”,所以空处动词用原形。故填eat;delicious;go;sightseeing。
61. warm up
【解析】对照中英文可知,缺少“做热身运动”,用warm up,动词短语。remember to do sth“记得要做某事”,空处动词用原形。故填warm;up。
62. How much to buy
【解析】salt是不可数名词,用how much“多少”修饰,buy“买”,need to do sth“需要做某事”,故填How;much;to;buy。
63. goals succeed in
【解析】goal“目标”,可数名词,此处表示泛指用名词复数形式goals;succeed“成功”,动词;in“在……里”,in life“在生活中”。根据“want to do sth”可知,to后面跟动词原形succeed。故填goals;succeed;in。
64. are good at playing
【解析】根据句意和句子结构,空格处应填入意为“擅长”和“弹奏”的单词,be good at doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“擅长做某事”,play作动词后接乐器时意为“演奏”。句子主语为Lily’s parents,故be动词应用复数形式are,且play加入be good at doing sth.结构时应用ing形式,故应填(1). are (2). good (3). at (4). playing。
65. making friends with
【解析】根据句意和句子结构,空格处应填入意为“结交朋友”的词组,make friends with为固定搭配,意为“与……交朋友”。根据句中enjoy doing sth.结构,make应用ing形式,故应填(1). making (2). friends (3). with。
66. is interested in cooking
【解析】根据中英文提示可知,此处需表达 “对……感兴趣” 的含义,对应的固定短语为 “be interested in”;主语He为第三人称单数,be 动词应使用 is;in为介词,后接动词时需用动名词形式,因此 “做饭” 应写为 cooking。故填 is;interested;in;cooking。
67. enjoy/like reading
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺“喜欢阅读”,“enjoy/like doing sth.”是固定用法,意为“喜欢做某事”,“阅读”是“read”,此处描述的是个人的喜好,使用一般现在时,主语为I,使用动词原形。故填enjoy/like;reading。
68. from working
【解析】分析句子可知,句子里的“stop sb. from doing sth.”是一个常用的固定短语,意思是“阻止某人做某事”,表达“没有什么能阻止我们……”;“work hard”意为“努力工作、努力奋斗”,在这里表示为了实现传承文化遗产和守护生态家园的使命而努力;“from”后面要接动词的-ing形式,所以“work”要变为“working”。 故填from;working。
69. taking photos with
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,缺少“拍照”和“和……一起”的英文表达。take photos“拍照”;like doing“喜欢做某事”,第一空和第二空应填动词短语taking photos“拍照”;第三个空填介词with“和……在一起”,故填taking;photos;with。
70. took to practice making
【解析】根据句意及空所处位置可知,缺少“花费”和“练习制作”的表达。做某事花费某人多长时间“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”,是固定句型,结合语境可知动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,故第一空填took;练习制作“practice making”,其中practice doing sth.为固定用法,表示“练习做某事”,因此后三空依次填to practice making。故填took;to;practice;making。
71. taking walks
【解析】根据中文提示可知,此处考查“散步”常用短语“take walks”,“like doing sth.”表示“喜欢做某事”,take动名词形式为taking 。故填taking;walks。
72. instead of sitting
【解析】对照中英文可知,缺少“而不是坐着”;instead of doing sth.“而不是做某事”,sit“坐着”。故填instead;of;sitting。
73. consider reading
【解析】consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”,根据句式why not do sth.“为什么不做某事呢”可知,此处consider应用动词原形;表示“读书”要用动词read。故填consider;reading。
74. learnt/learned to make practicing/practising
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“学习制作”和“练习”的英文,learn to do sth.“学习做某事”,根据“Last month”可知,本句时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,动词learn的过去式为learnt/learned;make“制作”;practice/practise“练习”,keep doing sth.“保持做某事”,故第四个空需动名词。故填learnt/learned;to;make;practicing/practising。
75. made some contributions to solving
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺少“解决”和“做出了一些贡献”,make contributions to“做出贡献”,固定搭配,根据“做出了……”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,要用make的过去式made;some“一些”;solve“解决”,动词,此处to为介词,后接动名词形式,solve的动名词形式为solving。故填made;some;contributions;to;solving。
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