衔接点20 高中题型之阅读理解考查新视野（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

衔接点20 高中题型之阅读理解考查新视野 （初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段，重点要求学生能够理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断。上海中考阅读理解A篇单选，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中阶段，阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。新课标和高考要求学生提高文本理解能力，掌握信息的准确性，深入理解文章内容。上海高考阅读理解单选3篇，A篇以记叙文或新闻报道为主，B篇以应用文为主，C篇为说明文或议论文。考题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中阶段考查形式：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 阅读技巧和策略：强调主题式阅读，要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断。 2. 阅读速度：中考阅读理解要求学生的阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词3。 3. 阅读材料：中考阅读理解的材料题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，如记叙文、说明文、应用文等。 4. 考查内容：包括掌握所读材料的主旨和大意、把握文章的事实和细节、根据上下文猜测生词的含义。 5. 课外阅读量：初中毕业时课外阅读量需达到150000词。 【示例】 一．细节理解题 · 考查对文中具体信息（时间、地点、人物、事件等）的提取能力，占比约 60%，题干多含who/what/when/where/why/how等疑问词。 [示例] (节选) ........................ The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it. “The art is environmentally friendly, and it makes our city lives warmer and more colorful,” said Xia Xin, one of the knitting artists. Why is the art environmentally friendly? A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed. B．Because the art made the city lives more colorful. C．Because the art made people feel the coming of spring. D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled. 【答案】D 【导语】本文主要讲述了南京外国语学校学生设计了梧桐树的毛衣，为南京带来了更多的温暖。 【解析】细节理解题。根据“The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it.”可知，因为毛衣没有使用任何化学材料，将被回收利用。故选D。 二．推理判断题 · 要求根据上下文逻辑推断隐含信息（如作者意图、事件发展趋势），占比约 20%，常见题干：What can we infer...? [示例] (节选) So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well. What is Mike’s attitude (态度) to Chinese high-speed rail train? A．He looks down upon it. B．He dislikes it. C．He thinks highly of it. D．He hates it. 【答案】 9．C 【分析】作者通过自己从北京到天津出差经历，高度赞扬了中国先进的高铁系统。 9．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well.”可知，在Mike看来，高铁系统是新中国的标志之一。所以，Mike的观点是高度赞扬了中国的高铁。故选C。 三．词义猜测题 · 通过上下文线索推测生词含义，常考代词指代或熟词生义，占比约 10%。 [示例] (节选) According to a report from Douyin, the number of fitness videos in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while followers of fitness trainers went up by 208 percent compared with the year before. People often search online for simple exercises that are demonstrated by personal trainers. These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more. What does the underlined word “demonstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．To build a dream. B．To give some advice. C．To show how something is done. D．To ask questions about something. 【答案】C 【导语】 本文主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身。 【解析】词义猜测题。根据that引导的定语从句修饰先行词simple exercises结合后文“These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more.”可知，是培训师演示的简单锻炼，因此demonstrated意为“To show how something is done.”，故选C。 四．主旨大意题 · 需总结文章中心思想或段落大意，常出现在首末段，题干关键词：main idea, purpose, best title。 [示例] (节选) The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. We always go out in the world and do charity (慈善) work. Last Thursday, we were going to buy lunch for the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I ordered 15 lunches from McDonald’s (麦当劳) and decided to hand them out. ...................................... I don’t know if the woman noticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of Mother Teresa’s words: “We cannot do great things—only small things with great love.” 13．What does the article want to tell us? A．It’s difficult to help everyone in need. B．A small act of kindness means a lot. C．Each family has its own problems. 【答案】 13．B 13．主旨大意题。根据“I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference”可知，这篇文章想告诉我们一个小小的善行意味着许多，故选B。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 1. 词汇量要求：新高考对词汇量有较高的要求，新教材中甚至出现了超纲词汇。 2. 阅读材料的难度：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。 3. 阅读量的提升：新高考英语强调阅读量的重视，要求学生有较大的阅读量。 4. 综合运用英语的能力：高中英语教学的基本要求是培养学生综合运用英语的能力，包括全面理解和批判性思考的能力。 5. 英语学科核心素养：新课标背景下，高中英语阅读教学注重培养学生的英语核心素养，包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。 总体来说，上海高考英语关于阅读理解要求考生应能：理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；作出简单判断和推理；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图和态度。 考点清单 考点一： 阅读理解细节题 一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相关的句子，得出正确答案。 考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结 构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。 命题点01 直接信息题 [示例] (节选) $25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult. ... 56．How much may they pay if an 11­year­old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A．$12. B．$37. C．$50. D．$62. 【答案】C　 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词How much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。故选C。 命题点02 间接信息题 [示例] (节选) New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. 44. According to the project conducted by the researchers, ________. A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fasting B. food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome C. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fasting D. the aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images 【答案】 44. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. (在健康个体中，与饭后相比，禁食时aDCN对食物图像的反应更为积极，但在患有这种疾病的参与者中没有发现这种差异。)”可知，健康受试者的aDCN在禁食后对食物图像的反应更积极。故选C。 考点二： 阅读理解词义猜测题 1.命题点01单词或短语猜测 根据定义推测词义： 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2.根据举例推测词义： 有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3.根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义： 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4.根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5.根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6.根据因果关系推测词义： 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 [示例] (节选) A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster. C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer. 易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。 命题点02 句子意义猜测 定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷 分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意 归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 [示例] (节选) Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life. ...... What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”? A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby. C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever. 【答案】C 【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。 考点三： 阅读理解推理判断题 一）：推断隐含意义 (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 [示例] (节选) ...... Samantha Gotwalt and Blayde Reich, two senior Mechanical Engineering majors at York College in the group, both found the work to be quite fascinating. According to Samantha, the idea came from a York College professor, who has worked with drones, and wanted to get students involved with a project beneficial to the community. “We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. ...... What can best describe the students? A．Responsible and creative. B．Experienced and generous. C．Brilliant and grateful. D．Reliable and realistic. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的““We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” (“我们真的想帮助务农和农业。这对美国和我们的经济来说非常重要”，布莱德说。“我们想帮助小农户，其中一个好处是不必把钱花在化肥和杀虫剂上。”)”可推知，他们是有责任心的，结合第三段中“The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. (这个想法是设计和建造一架无人机，该无人机将拍摄田地的视频图像，以确定生产最佳作物所需的条件，同时通过减少径流水中的污染物来节省资金并保护环境。)”可推知，他们是有创造力的。故选A项。 二）：推断写作意图 (1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开； (2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言； (3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句； (4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 [示例] (节选) Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland! ...... A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs! Whom is this notice intended for? A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland. C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries. 【答案B [解析] 写作意图类推断题。该应用文是芬兰食品管理局发出的一封共同抵御动物疾病，特别是非洲猪瘟的通知，并对人们进行了建议和指引。本题要求判断文章所面向的读者群体，这是一篇由政府官方管理机构发出的通知，综合全文，特别是第一段末尾部分“…even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.”提到，即使你是私人肉制品消费或是把相关动物产品买来当礼物，也有传播动物疾病的风险，像你这样的（普通）旅行者在防控动物疾病传播中扮演了十分重要的角色，所以这篇文章是写给来芬兰旅游的人（travelers）看的，故选B。 三）：推断观点态度 (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国 家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 [示例] (节选) ...... Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 答案　A [解析]　推理判断题。根据本段最后提到的“It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.”知穷人的生活将会变更好。 四）：推断文章出处和目标读者 (1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； (2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； (3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； (4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； (5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； (6)网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志语。 [示例] ........... Pak50·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument. The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practise. Taodas·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well. The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Sophie76·13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children. Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A webpage. B．A newspaper. C．A novel. D．A report. 答案　A [解析]　文章出处题。根据文章的写作风格以及每个帖子的时间提示可知，应该最有可能来自于网页。 考点四： 阅读理解主旨大意题 一）、段落大意题 每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。 [示例] (节选) The first thing we notice about new people are their faces.The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face. ...... The first paragraph is mainly about ___________________________. A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills 　　 B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces D. the importance of face recognition in human communication 【答案】.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.”（有些人很难记住和辨认面孔，而另一些人几乎永远不会忘记面孔。）可知，第一段主要想说明，事实上，有些人有面部识别问题。故选B项。 二）、文章大意题 每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。 [示例] Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves. What does the passage mainly concerned with? A. The measurement of wealth in the current society. B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness. C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness. D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness. 【答案】 C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves.“很多时候，我们衡量自己的价值不是看我们取得了什么成果，而是看我们花了多少时间。我们过着疯狂的生活，至少在一定程度上是因为它让我们自我感觉良好。”可知，本文讲述的是人们忙碌背后的原因和影响。故选C。 三）、标题归纳题 标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。 [示例] But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees. Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History 【答案】 A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中句子“But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". ”（但实际上，迪士尼的故事始于20年前沃尔特·迪士尼所谓的“爸爸节”。）和倒数第二段第一句“Disneyland opened then.”迪士尼开业了可知，整篇文章都在写迪士尼是如何开始并建成的故事。所以短文的最佳标题为“迪士尼乐园:一切是如何开始的”。故选A项。 Passage 1 To decide how to get around in Beijing requires weighing cost and convenience. A traditional bus measures up well in both criteria. Since last year I’ve given up driving and taken the bus to work every day, which has aroused quite a bit of curiosity among colleagues because bus riding is still a rarity in my office. My easy explanation about the change is that after navigating the streets in one of the most congested capitals in the world for more than a decade, I’m tired of driving, and taking the bus allows me to think before my work starts. I also like to be given a ride home after a long, rough day. But most of my colleagues, especially the younger ones who aspire to own a car, have responded with disbelief, as they picture me walking to the bus stop under smoggy skies, stuck in a packed, rumbling bus and constantly leery of jostling, bad breath, loud talking on cell phones and dirty shopping bags. I believe they would be amused if they read the findings of a study of British workers, which found that commuting by bus or train has “the beneficial effects of being physically active, as most journeys will involve walking to the station or stop but also include time to read or talk to friends while traveling”, according to recent British media reports. Perhaps everybody would be more convinced if I told them that I take the bus because it’s cheap, while driving a car is expensive and inconvenient. A bus trip costs 0.4 yuan or 6 — 7 cents with the use of a stored value card, which is almost free if you consider a Coke costs five times that or more. Beijing has a fixed subway fare with unlimited transfers of 2 yuan per single-trip ticket. I would take the more comfortable subway, if it was closer to my home and workplace. 1．Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons the author gave up driving around? A．He tried to avoid the traffic jam. B．He could have time to relax himself. C．He could contribute to environmental protection. D．He could save certain amount of money. 2．What can you learn from the passage? A．It is not an economical way to go around by public transports. B．Most of the author’s young colleagues commute by private cars. C．You can travel to wherever you want with no more than 2 yuan by bus in Beijing. D．Commuting by bus has benefits to people’s health. 3．The author quoted the findings of a study of British workers so as to ______. A．illustrate how cheap it is to commute by bus and metro B．convince the public Coke is much more expensive than a subway fare C．explain the benefits of doing exercises D．back up his decision to resort to public transport 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To persuade the citizens in Beijing to choose public transports. B．To describe how terrible the traffic and air in Beijing are. C．To present and defend his choice in commuting. D．To compare different methods of transportations. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自身经历，通过对比开车和选择公共交通的优缺点，解释自己选择后者通勤的原因，并回应同事的质疑。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“My easy explanation about the change is that after navigating the streets in one of the most congested capitals in the world for more than a decade, I’m tired of driving, and taking the bus allows me to think before my work starts. I also like to be given a ride home after a long, rough day. (我对这种变化的简单解释是，在世界上最拥挤的首都之一的街道上穿行了十多年后，我厌倦了开车，乘坐公共汽车可以让我在开始工作之前思考一下。我也喜欢在漫长辛苦的一天后有人送我回家)”和第五段“Perhaps everybody would be more convinced if I told them that I take the bus because it’s cheap, while driving a car is expensive and inconvenient. (如果我告诉他们我乘公共汽车是因为它便宜，而开车又贵又不方便，也许每个人都会更相信)”可知，文中提到作者厌倦了在拥堵的城市开车，坐公交可以让他上班前思考，公交便宜，但未提及环保因素。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“commuting by bus or train has “the beneficial effects of being physically active, as most journeys will involve walking to the station or stop but also include time to read or talk to friends while traveling” (乘坐公共汽车或火车上下班“对身体活动有有益的影响，因为大多数旅程都需要步行到车站或停下来，但在旅行中也有时间阅读或与朋友交谈”)”可知，公交通勤包含步行和社交时间，对健康有利。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据“I believe they would be amused if they read the findings of a study of British workers, which found that commuting by bus or train has “the beneficial effects of being physically active, as most journeys will involve walking to the station or stop but also include time to read or talk to friends while traveling” (我相信，如果他们读到一项针对英国工人的研究结果，他们会觉得很有趣。该研究发现，乘坐公共汽车或火车上下班“对身体活动有有益的影响，因为大多数旅程都需要步行到车站或停下来，但在旅行中也有时间阅读或与朋友交谈。”)”可推知，作者引用研究是为了反驳同事对公交的负面印象，用科学依据支持自己的选择。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Since last year I’ve given up driving and taken the bus to work every day, which has aroused quite a bit of curiosity among colleagues because bus riding is still a rarity in my office. (从去年开始，我放弃了开车，每天都坐公交车上班，这引起了同事们的不小的好奇，因为在我的办公室坐公交车还是很少见的)”、第二段中“My easy explanation about the change (我对这种变化的简单解释)”、第五段中“Perhaps everybody would be more convinced (也许每个人都会更相信)”可知，全文围绕作者为何选公共交通展开，包括省钱、放松、健康益处等，其主要目的是解释并辩护其通勤选择。故选C项。 Passage 2 ▲Greenwich Village, New York City                                                $4, 500/ month Picture a charming tree-lined street straight out of a classic New York movie. Just a 10-minute walk from New York University, this two-bedroom apartment is located in the heart of Greenwich Village, known for its artistic atmosphere and historic brownstones. Built in the early 1900s, this building has been thoughtfully restored to combine modern comfort s with timeless elegance. The apartment features high ceilings, large windows, and hardwood floors, creating a bright and inviting space. Residents can enjoy easy access to Washington Square Park, trendy cafes, and fashion shops, making it perfect for students or young professionals seeking a lively urban lifestyle. Metro Realty, (212) 555-7890 ▲Portland, Oregon                                                              $2, 200/ month Located in the eco-friendly Pearl District, this two-bedroom apartment combines modern design with sustainable living, offering a peaceful escape from the city’s noise. Featuring 1, 100 square feet of thoughtfully designed space, the home includes a bright living area, two restful bedrooms, and a stylish kitchen equipped with energy-efficient appliances. Ideal for eco-conscious renters who value both comfort and sustainability. The Green Nest, (503) 555-6789 ▲Cambridge, Massachusetts                                                      $3, 800/ month The city of Cambridge is developing a new residential area just one mile from Harvard University. This energetic community, called Harvard Green, will include 1, 500 homes, 1, 200 student housing units, entertaining facilities, an outdoor shopping square, and scenic green spaces. A standout feature of this project is a two-bedroom, two-bathroom modern apartment located on the third floor of the Elmwood building. With its clean, modern look and high-quality features, it's perfect for students, professionals, or anyone seeking a convenient and eco-friendly lifestyle. Cambridge Living, (617) 555-1234 1．What can we learn about the apartment in Greenwich Village? A．It has a bird’s eye view of Washington Square Park. B．It is within walking distance of New York University. C．The building was first constructed in the late 1800s. D．All the residents can join a private golf club nearby. 2．Green-minded individuals preferring quiet would most likely choose ________. A．Greenwich Village, NYC B．Harvard Green. Cambridge C．Pearl District, Portland D．Elmwood Building, Massachusetts 3．Where would you most probably find the above text? A．A real estate platform offering rental properties. B．A travel blog featuring top neighborhoods in USA． C．A university website about students’ housing options. D．A community news site reporting on local updates. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文是应用文。文章列出了三个不同地点的租赁房产信息，包括地点、租金、房屋特点、周边设施以及联系方式。 1．细节理解题。根据Greenwich Village, New York City下的“Just a 10-minute walk from New York University, this two-bedroom apartment is located in the heart of Greenwich Village, known for its artistic atmosphere and historic brownstones.(这间两居室公寓距离纽约大学（New York University）仅10分钟步行路程，位于格林威治村（Greenwich Village）的中心地带，以其艺术氛围和历史悠久的褐砂石而闻名)”可知，Greenwich Village步行即可到达纽约大学。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Portland, Oregon下的“Located in the eco-friendly Pearl District, this two-bedroom apartment combines modern design with sustainable living, offering a peaceful escape from the city’s noise.(位于生态友好的Pearl District，这套两居室公寓结合了现代设计和可持续生活，提供了一个安静的逃离城市的噪音)”可知，喜欢安静的环保人士最有可能选择Pearl District, Portland。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据每间公寓都有没有多少钱的信息，以及Portland, Oregon下的“Ideal for eco-conscious renters who value both comfort and sustainability.(对于重视舒适性和可持续性的生态意识租房者来说是理想的选择)”可知，这是三则房屋出租信息，所以最有可能在提供租赁房源的房地产平台找到本文。故选A项。 Passage 3 Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people’s mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter. UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. “There could be a number of reasons.” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than £ 500, 000, the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline. ” Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people’s sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey gathered by the University of Essex. Explaining what the data revealed, he said: “What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy. ” He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better. With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces. ” 1．According to one study, what do green spaces do to people? A．Improve their work efficiency. B．Add to their sustained happiness. C．Help them build a positive attitude towards life. D．Lessen their concerns about material well-being. 2．What did Dr. White’s research reveal about people living in a green environment? A．Their memories were greatly strengthened. B．Their decisions required less consideration. C．Their stress was more than they could stand. D．Their communication with others improved. 3．According to Dr. White, the government should ________ to build more green spaces. A．find financial support B．improve urban planning C．involve local residents in the effort D．raise public awareness of the issue 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究来阐述居住在带有绿色空间的城市区域对人们心理健康有长期积极影响这一观点。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people’s mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost.(一项研究表明，生活在有绿地的城市地区对人们的心理健康有着持久的积极影响。英国研究人员发现，搬到绿地居住会产生持续的积极效果，这与加薪或升职不同，加薪和升职只能带来短期的激励。)”以及第三段“Explaining what the data revealed, he said: “What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy. ”(在解释这些数据所揭示的内容时，他说：“你会发现，即使过了三年，心理健康状况仍然更好，这与我们认为会让我们快乐的许多其他事情不同。”)”可知，这项研究表明绿地对人们的心理健康有持久的积极影响，能带来持续的积极效果，也就是增加了人们持续的幸福感。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.(他观察到，生活在绿地中的人们压力更小，而压力较小的人会做出更明智的决策，并且沟通得更好。)”可知，White博士观察到生活在绿地中的人们压力更小，而压力较小的人能做出更明智的决策，并且沟通得更好。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces. ”(随着越来越多的证据表明城市绿地与对人类幸福感的积极影响之间存在联系，White博士说：“公共政策官员对此越来越感兴趣，但问题是谁来为其提供资金。在政策层面，我们真正需要的是决定资金将从何而来，以帮助支持高质量的当地绿地。”)”可知，White博士认为，公共政策官员对此越来越感兴趣，但问题是谁来资助，在政策层面真正需要做的是决定资金将从何而来，以帮助支持高质量的当地绿地建设。故选A。 Passage 4 Education: Peking University to open branch in Oxford Peking University will be the first Chinese university to open an oversea branch in Oxford next year. According to Peking University, its HSBC Business School has got a campus in Oxford from the Open University in Britain. This purchase comes as the government steps up efforts to build globally famous universities that will lead the world in teaching and research. People: Chinese Cambridge student shares his experience From a struggling student to attending one of the most famous universities, Han Zhenyu’s hard work seems to have paid off. Recently, Han shared his experience with students and their parents in his home city of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. The 21-year-old student is now in his third year majoring in mathematics at Cambridge University, one of the top colleges in the world. Using his experience, he is helping seven other Chinese students to follow in his footsteps. Society: Quake-hit areas given a new life Visitors to Qinglongchang village in Longmen township in Lushan, a county in Sichuan Province, will be able to appreciate the new houses built for the residents following reconstruction work after an earthquake, which broke out on April 20, 2013. With the backing of governments at different levels, 232 centralized resettlement areas with brand-new houses were built for farmers within three years of the quake. 1．What will Peking University do next year? A．It will open a foreign branch in Oxford. B．It will get a campus in Oxford. C．It will lead the world in teaching and research. D．It will become globally famous. 2．Why does the student share his experience? A．Because he wants to show off. B．Because he wants to be famous. C．Because he wants to help more Chinese students. D．Because he majors in mathematics in Cambridge. 3．Who mainly helped the residents in the quake-hit areas build new houses? A．visitors. B．Governments. C．Kind people. D．Local farmers. 4．What type of writing is this test? A．An announcement B．News C．Book review D．An advertisement 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了教育、人物、社会三个方面的相关消息。 1．细节理解题。根据小标题Education: Peking University to open branch in Oxford下的“Peking University will be the first Chinese university to open an oversea branch in Oxford next year.(明年，北京大学将成为首所在牛津开设海外分支的中国大学。)”可知北京大学明年将在英国牛津开设海外分支，即在牛津开设一个外国分支。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据小标题People: Chinese Cambridge student shares his experience下的“Using his experience, he is helping seven other Chinese students to follow in his footsteps.(利用他的经验，他正在帮助其他七名中国学生追随他的脚步。)”可知他分享自己的经验是因为他想帮助更多的中国学生。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据小标题Society: Quake-hit areas given a new life下的“With the backing of governments at different levels, 232 centralized resettlement areas with brand-new houses were built for farmers within three years of the quake.(在各级政府的支持下，地震三年内为农民建成了232个新房集中安置点。)”可知是各级政府为地震灾区的居民盖新房子。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据每个小标题“Education: Peking University to open branch in Oxford(教育：北京大学将在牛津开设分校)”，“People: Chinese Cambridge student shares his experience(《人物》：中国剑桥学生分享他的经历)”以及“Society: Quake-hit areas given a new life(社会：地震灾区重获新生)”可知，本文主要报道了教育、人物、社会三个方面的相关消息，是一篇新闻报道。故选B项。 Passage 5 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 1．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Competition helps to set up self-respect. B．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. C．Opinions about competition are different among people. D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 2．Why do some people favour competition according to the passage? A．Because it builds up a sense of duty. B．Because it pushes society forward. C．Because it improves personal abilities. D．Because it encourages individual efforts. 3．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail? A．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts. C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. D．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others. 4．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. B．Competition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Every effort should be paid back. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对于竞争的不同看法，有人认为竞争重要，推动社会进步，有人则认为竞争不好，会导致人与人之间的关系不友好;同时，作者还探讨了孩子们对于竞争的不同态度及其背后的心理。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.(在现代社会，关于竞争有很多争论。有些人高度重视竞争，认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的原因；另一些人则说竞争不好，它会让一个人与另一个人对立，它会导致人与人之间的关系不友好)”可知，文章主要讲的是人们对于竞争的不同看法。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(有些人高度重视竞争，认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的原因)”可知，有些人赞成竞争是因为它推动了社会的进步和繁荣。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.(显然，这种信念与试图证明自己的真正竞争对手的信念相同。两者都是基于一种错误的信念，即一个人的自尊取决于他人在与他人比较中的表现)”可知，真正的竞争者和那些渴望失败的人的相似信念是一个人的价值在于他与他人相比的表现。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.(只有当这种基本且经常令人烦恼的恐惧开始消散时，我们才能在竞争中发现新的意义)”可知，作者认为在竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧，才能发现竞争的新意义。由此推知，作者可能同意的观点是“竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧”。故选A项。 一．应用文 Whether you’re up for a Crocodile Dundee’s adventure or you’d just like a taste of the Australian sun, the beaches in and around Sydney can offer you all that and more. Sydney Beach Sydney Beach is located at Sydney’s northernmost tip on an extension of land ending at Palm Beach. Before checking out the golden sand, take a quick tour of the houses of the millionaires from the art and film industries. Palm Beach Only about an hour from downtown Sydney, Palm Beach offers a long stretch of clean sand and water. With parking near the center of the beach, the rest of it is left as a peaceful location with a sparse population, from which you can go surfing. But be careful: without the huge crowds of other Sydney beaches, Palm Beach doesn’t afford quite the safety level to be found elsewhere; volunteer lifesavers are on duty only on weekends and holidays. Bondi Beach For the big-name beach, Bondi Beach has to be your choice. Parking is difficult to find even on slow days, so consider taking public transport to this world-known beach in the castern Sydney suburbs. Easily reachable by taxi, bus, and rail, Bondi Beach offers sun bathing, swimming, snorkeling, and all sorts of water sports fun. If you’re in the mood for a bit of exercise, two scenic coastal walks will afford you great views and sights along the shore. Take in views from Mackenzie’s Point. It starts at Bondi and heads south to Bronte Beach. But don’t try to swim in Mackenzie’s Bay — it holds dangers such as hidden rocks. Bronte Beach Your second choice for a scenic coastal walk covers a little under two miles and takes you from Bronte Beach to Waverly Cemetery, where many famous Australians are buried, including poets Henry Kendall, Doreothea Mackellar, and Henry Lawson. 1．Which of the following shows the right order of the beaches lined from the south to the north? A．Palm Beach — Sydney Beach — Bronte Beach — Bondi Beach B．Bronte Beach — Bondi Beach — Palm Beach — Sydney Beach C．Sydney Beach — Palm Beach — Bondi Beach — Bronte Beach D．Bondi Beach — Bronte Beach — Palm Beach — Sydney Beach 2．The underlined word “sparse” probably means ______. A．large B．thick C．thin D．crowded 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．If you want to visit Palm Beach, the airplane is your best choice. B．If you want to enjoy a walk, you can choose Bondi Beach or Bronte Beach. C．If you want to visit the famous people’s tombs, you can choose Sydney Beach. D．If you want to swim in Palm Beach, the safer time is on weekdays and holidays. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个海滩的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sydney Beach is located at Sydney’s northernmost tip on an extension of land ending at Palm Beach.(悉尼海滩位于悉尼的最北端，延伸到棕榈滩)”可知，Sydney Beach在最北部，排除A、C；根据倒数第二段“It starts at Bondi and heads south to Bronte Beach.(从邦迪开始，向南到达勃朗特海滩)”可知，Bronte Beach位于Bondi Beach的南部，说明Bronte Beach在最南端，顺序为Bronte Beach — Bondi Beach — Palm Beach — Sydney Beach。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“the rest of it is left as a peaceful location(剩下的地方是一个安静的地方)”以及“But be careful: without the huge crowds of other Sydney beaches(要小心：棕榈滩没有悉尼其他海滩那样拥挤的人群)”可知，棕榈滩人口稀少，安静。故划线词意思是“稀少的”与thin意思相近。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If you’re in the mood for a bit of exercise, two scenic coastal walks will afford you great views and sights along the shore.(如果你想做点运动，两次风景优美的海滨散步可以让你欣赏到沿岸的美景)”以及最后一段“Your second choice for a scenic coastal walk covers a little under two miles and takes you from Bronte Beach to Waverly Cemetery, where many famous Australians are buried, including poets Henry Kendall, Doreothea Mackellar, and Henry Lawson.(你的第二个选择是风景优美的海滨散步，全长不到两英里，从勃朗特海滩到韦弗利公墓，那里埋葬着许多著名的澳大利亚人，包括诗人亨利·肯德尔，多蕾奥西娅·麦凯勒和亨利·劳森)”可知，如果你想散步，你可以选择邦迪海滩或勃朗特海滩。故选B。 二·记叙文 George Gershwin, born in 1808, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs. Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way from jazz to country. In the 1920s there was a debate about jazz music. Could jazz, some asked, be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Pau Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert. And in a short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular. In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life; to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the US. It still remains one of his most famous works. George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned (哀悼) the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written. 4．Many of Gershwin’s musical works were ________. A．written about New Yorkers B．composed for Paul Whiteman C．played mainly in the countryside D．performed in various ways 5．What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman? A．It attracted more people to theatres. B．It proved jazz could be serious music. C．It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra. D．It caused a debate among jazz musicians. 6．What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris? A．He created one of his best works. B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger. C．He argued with French critics. D．He changed his music style. 7．What do we learn from the last paragraph? A．Many of Gershwin’s works were lost. B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported. C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin. D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin’s death. 【答案】4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国最伟大的作曲家之一George Gershwin的生平事迹和音乐成就。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way from jazz to country. (多年来，这些歌曲从爵士乐到乡村音乐，以各种可能的方式被演唱和演奏。)”可知，格什温的许多音乐作品以各种方式表演。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Pau Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. (1924年，爵士音乐家兼管弦乐队指挥保罗·怀特曼决定组织一场特别音乐会，以证明爵士乐是严肃的音乐。)”可知，怀特曼组织的音乐会证明了爵士乐可以是严肃的音乐。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life; to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the US. It still remains one of his most famous works. (在巴黎期间，格什温创作了《一个美国人在巴黎》。当它首次演出时，评论家们对这部音乐持不同意见。有些人认为它快乐而充满活力；而对其他人来说，它愚蠢而无聊。但它很快在欧洲和美国流行起来。它仍然是他最著名的作品之一。)”可知，格什温在巴黎逗留期间创作了他最好的作品之一。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. (乔治·格什温于1937年去世，就在医生得知他患有脑癌的几天后。他只有三十九岁。世界各地的报纸都在头版报道了他的死讯。)”可知，格什温的死被广泛报道。故选B。 三·说明文 A new study has turned long-standing beliefs about a curious area of medicine. The placebo (安慰剂) effect is a strange medical phenomenon — a sick person starts to feel better after being given a counterfeit treatment they’ve been told is real. The placebo is a pill or spray (喷雾) containing something harmless and ineffective, such as sugar or salt. Even though it is not genuine, the act of taking a medicine and thinking it will work causes the patient’s brain to send signals to the body that relieve some of the symptoms. It has always been believed that the effect only works because of the lie involved. However, a new study has found that placebos can still be effective, even when the patients know what they’ve been given. The study was led by Darwin A．Guevarra from the University of Michigan in the US. His team took two groups of people and gave them a nose spray. They were then shown different terrible images. While the groups looked at the pictures, the team monitored their brain activity for signals of emotional distress. The first group was told the spray was just to help the scientists with their readings. The second group was told that the spray was a placebo that could reduce feelings of sadness if they believed it would. Based on the brain signals, the team found the second group showed fewer signs of sadness than the first group. Co-author Jason Moser says the study shows that people don’t need to be lied to for a placebo to work. “Honest” placebos could be a way for doctors to treat patients suffering from certain conditions, such as high stress levels. “You could give them a placebo, tell them it can help them and it is possible — if they believe it can, then it will.” 8．The underlined word “counterfeit” (in para.1) is closest in meaning to . A．natural. B．harmful. C．effective. D．fake. 9．Why did Darwin A．Guevarra and his team conduct the study about “placebo”? A．To see if nose spray can help reduce feelings of sadness. B．To test the effectiveness of a new type of medicine. C．To prove that the placebo effect is a lie. D．To explore if a placebo works for patients aware of its lie. 10．It can be inferred from Guevarra’s study that . A．“honest” placebos could help doctors to treat anxiety. B．Placebos work only when patents are cheated into believing they are real. C．Doctors should never use placebos because they can cause harm to patients. D．Placebos are not effective in treating any medical conditions. 11．What is the passage mainly about? A．A placebo can be used as an effective way to cure diseases like cancer. B．A sick person must be lied to for a placebo to work. C．Patients’ trust in a placebo can potentially lead to beneficial effects. D．“Honest” placebos could be effective for all patients. 【答案】8．D 9．D 10．A 11．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于安慰剂效应的新研究，该研究发现即使病人知道他们所服用的是安慰剂，安慰剂仍然可以发挥作用。 8．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The placebo is a pill or spray containing something harmless and ineffective, such as sugar or salt. Even though it is not genuine, the act of taking a medicine and thinking it will work causes the patient’s brain to send signals to the body that relieve some of the symptoms.( 安慰剂是一种含有无害且无效成分（如糖或盐）的药片或喷雾。尽管它并非真正的药物，但服用药物并相信其有效的行为会促使患者的大脑向身体发送信号，缓解部分症状。长期以来，人们一直认为这种效应之所以起作用，全在于其中包含的“欺骗”成分。)”可知，安慰剂效应是一种奇怪的医学现象——患者在接受一种被其误认为“真实”的虚假治疗后，病情开始好转。由此可知，counterfeit意为“假的”。故选D。 9．推理判断题。根据第二段“The first group was told the spray was just to help the scientists with their readings. The second group was told that the spray was a placebo that could reduce feelings of sadness if they believed it would.(第一组被告知喷雾只是为了帮助科学家进行测量。第二组被告知，如果他们相信的话，喷雾是一种可以减少悲伤感的安慰剂。)”可知，Darwin A. Guevarra和他的团队想要探索安慰剂对意识到其谎言的病人是否有效。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Co-author Jason Moser says the study shows that people don’t need to be lied to for a placebo to work. “Honest” placebos could be a way for doctors to treat patients suffering from certain conditions, such as high stress levels.(共同作者Jason Moser说，这项研究表明，人们不需要被欺骗，安慰剂就能起作用。“诚实的”安慰剂可能是医生治疗患有某些疾病的患者的一种方法，例如高压力水平的患者。)”可知，从Guevarra的研究中可以推断出，“诚实的”安慰剂可以帮助医生治疗焦虑症。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The placebo effect is a strange medical phenomenon — a sick person starts to feel better after being given a counterfeit treatment they’ve been told is real.(安慰剂效应是一种奇怪的医学现象——病人接受了一种他们被告知是真实的假治疗后，开始感觉好转。)”可知，病人对安慰剂的信任可能会带来有益的效果，随后文章通过一项研究进一步证实了这一点，所以这篇文章主要讲的是病人对安慰剂的信任可能会带来有益的效果。故选C。 17 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点20 高中题型之阅读理解考查新视野 （初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段，重点要求学生能够理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断。上海中考阅读理解A篇单选，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中阶段，阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。新课标和高考要求学生提高文本理解能力，掌握信息的准确性，深入理解文章内容。上海高考阅读理解单选3篇，A篇以记叙文或新闻报道为主，B篇以应用文为主，C篇为说明文或议论文。考题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中阶段考查形式：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 【初中考点聚焦】 1. 阅读技巧和策略：强调主题式阅读，要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断。 2. 阅读速度：中考阅读理解要求学生的阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词3。 3. 阅读材料：中考阅读理解的材料题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，如记叙文、说明文、应用文等。 4. 考查内容：包括掌握所读材料的主旨和大意、把握文章的事实和细节、根据上下文猜测生词的含义。 5. 课外阅读量：初中毕业时课外阅读量需达到150000词。 【示例】 一．细节理解题 · 考查对文中具体信息（时间、地点、人物、事件等）的提取能力，占比约 60%，题干多含who/what/when/where/why/how等疑问词。 [示例] (节选) ........................ The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it. “The art is environmentally friendly, and it makes our city lives warmer and more colorful,” said Xia Xin, one of the knitting artists. Why is the art environmentally friendly? A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed. B．Because the art made the city lives more colorful. C．Because the art made people feel the coming of spring. D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled. 二．推理判断题 · 要求根据上下文逻辑推断隐含信息（如作者意图、事件发展趋势），占比约 20%，常见题干：What can we infer...? [示例] (节选) So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well. What is Mike’s attitude (态度) to Chinese high-speed rail train? A．He looks down upon it. B．He dislikes it. C．He thinks highly of it. D．He hates it. 三．词义猜测题 · 通过上下文线索推测生词含义，常考代词指代或熟词生义，占比约 10%。 [示例] (节选) According to a report from Douyin, the number of fitness videos in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while followers of fitness trainers went up by 208 percent compared with the year before. People often search online for simple exercises that are demonstrated by personal trainers. These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more. What does the underlined word “demonstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．To build a dream. B．To give some advice. C．To show how something is done. D．To ask questions about something. 四．主旨大意题 · 需总结文章中心思想或段落大意，常出现在首末段，题干关键词：main idea, purpose, best title。 [示例] (节选) The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. We always go out in the world and do charity (慈善) work. Last Thursday, we were going to buy lunch for the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I ordered 15 lunches from McDonald’s (麦当劳) and decided to hand them out. ...................................... I don’t know if the woman noticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of Mother Teresa’s words: “We cannot do great things—only small things with great love.” 13．What does the article want to tell us? A．It’s difficult to help everyone in need. B．A small act of kindness means a lot. C．Each family has its own problems. 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 1. 词汇量要求：新高考对词汇量有较高的要求，新教材中甚至出现了超纲词汇。 2. 阅读材料的难度：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。 3. 阅读量的提升：新高考英语强调阅读量的重视，要求学生有较大的阅读量。 4. 综合运用英语的能力：高中英语教学的基本要求是培养学生综合运用英语的能力，包括全面理解和批判性思考的能力。 5. 英语学科核心素养：新课标背景下，高中英语阅读教学注重培养学生的英语核心素养，包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。 总体来说，上海高考英语关于阅读理解要求考生应能：；；根据上下文；作出简单；理解文章的；理解。 考点清单 考点一： 阅读理解细节题 一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相关的句子，得出正确答案。 考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结 构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。 命题点01 直接信息题 [示例] (节选) $25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult. ... 56．How much may they pay if an 11­year­old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A．$12. B．$37. C．$50. D．$62. 命题点02 间接信息题 [示例] (节选) New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. 44. According to the project conducted by the researchers, ________. A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fasting B. food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome C. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fasting D. the aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images 考点二： 阅读理解词义猜测题 1.命题点01单词或短语猜测 根据定义推测词义： 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2.根据举例推测词义： 有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3.根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义： 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4.根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5.根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6.根据因果关系推测词义： 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 [示例] (节选) A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster. C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer. 易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。 命题点02 句子意义猜测 定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷 分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意 归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 [示例] (节选) Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life. ...... What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”? A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby. C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever. 考点三： 阅读理解推理判断题 一）：推断隐含意义 (1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。 [示例] (节选) ...... Samantha Gotwalt and Blayde Reich, two senior Mechanical Engineering majors at York College in the group, both found the work to be quite fascinating. According to Samantha, the idea came from a York College professor, who has worked with drones, and wanted to get students involved with a project beneficial to the community. “We really want to help farming and agriculture. It’s super-important to America and our economy,” Blayde says. “We want to help the smaller farmers, and one of the benefits is not having to spend their money on fertilizer and pesticides (杀虫剂).” The idea is to design and build a drone that will take video imagery of the fields to determine what is needed to produce the best crop, while saving money and sparing the environment by reducing pollutants in the runoff water. Ideally, that data gained will help the farmers better determine what chemicals they need — and what they don’t. ...... What can best describe the students? A．Responsible and creative. B．Experienced and generous. C．Brilliant and grateful. D．Reliable and realistic. 二）：推断写作意图 (1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开； (2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言； (3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句； (4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 [示例] (节选) Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland! ...... A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs! Whom is this notice intended for? A. Food importers in Finland. B. Travelers to Finland. C. Citizens in EU countries. D. Medical staff from non-EU countries. 三）：推断观点态度 (1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国 家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。 [示例] (节选) ...... Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 　 四）：推断文章出处和目标读者 (1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点； (2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主； (3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活； (4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍； (5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等； (6)网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，up­load，link，mouse, surf等网络标志语。 [示例] ........... Pak50·57 minutes ago Why not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument. The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practise. Taodas·29 minutes ago I did read my newspaper out loud on a train，and it turned out well. The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh. Sophie76·13 minutes ago I have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Potter to my bored and noisy children. Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A．A webpage. B．A newspaper. C．A novel. D．A report. 　 考点四： 阅读理解主旨大意题 一）、段落大意题 每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。 [示例] (节选) The first thing we notice about new people are their faces.The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face. ...... The first paragraph is mainly about ___________________________. A. the way to improve one’s face-recognition skills 　　 B. the fact that some people have face-recognition problems C. the simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces D. the importance of face recognition in human communication 二）、文章大意题每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。 [示例] Too often, we measure our worth not by the results we achieve, but by how much of our time we spend. We live crazy lives, at least in part, because it makes us feel good about ourselves. What does the passage mainly concerned with? A. The measurement of wealth in the current society. B. The evolution of people’s attitude towards busyness. C. The hidden reasons and effects of people’s busyness. D. The solution to prioritizing the crucial tasks in busyness. 三）、标题归纳题 标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。 [示例] But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees. Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History Passage 1 To decide how to get around in Beijing requires weighing cost and convenience. A traditional bus measures up well in both criteria. Since last year I’ve given up driving and taken the bus to work every day, which has aroused quite a bit of curiosity among colleagues because bus riding is still a rarity in my office. My easy explanation about the change is that after navigating the streets in one of the most congested capitals in the world for more than a decade, I’m tired of driving, and taking the bus allows me to think before my work starts. I also like to be given a ride home after a long, rough day. But most of my colleagues, especially the younger ones who aspire to own a car, have responded with disbelief, as they picture me walking to the bus stop under smoggy skies, stuck in a packed, rumbling bus and constantly leery of jostling, bad breath, loud talking on cell phones and dirty shopping bags. I believe they would be amused if they read the findings of a study of British workers, which found that commuting by bus or train has “the beneficial effects of being physically active, as most journeys will involve walking to the station or stop but also include time to read or talk to friends while traveling”, according to recent British media reports. Perhaps everybody would be more convinced if I told them that I take the bus because it’s cheap, while driving a car is expensive and inconvenient. A bus trip costs 0.4 yuan or 6 — 7 cents with the use of a stored value card, which is almost free if you consider a Coke costs five times that or more. Beijing has a fixed subway fare with unlimited transfers of 2 yuan per single-trip ticket. I would take the more comfortable subway, if it was closer to my home and workplace. 1．Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons the author gave up driving around? A．He tried to avoid the traffic jam. B．He could have time to relax himself. C．He could contribute to environmental protection. D．He could save certain amount of money. 2．What can you learn from the passage? A．It is not an economical way to go around by public transports. B．Most of the author’s young colleagues commute by private cars. C．You can travel to wherever you want with no more than 2 yuan by bus in Beijing. D．Commuting by bus has benefits to people’s health. 3．The author quoted the findings of a study of British workers so as to ______. A．illustrate how cheap it is to commute by bus and metro B．convince the public Coke is much more expensive than a subway fare C．explain the benefits of doing exercises D．back up his decision to resort to public transport 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．To persuade the citizens in Beijing to choose public transports. B．To describe how terrible the traffic and air in Beijing are. C．To present and defend his choice in commuting. D．To compare different methods of transportations. Passage 2 ▲Greenwich Village, New York City                                                $4, 500/ month Picture a charming tree-lined street straight out of a classic New York movie. Just a 10-minute walk from New York University, this two-bedroom apartment is located in the heart of Greenwich Village, known for its artistic atmosphere and historic brownstones. Built in the early 1900s, this building has been thoughtfully restored to combine modern comfort s with timeless elegance. The apartment features high ceilings, large windows, and hardwood floors, creating a bright and inviting space. Residents can enjoy easy access to Washington Square Park, trendy cafes, and fashion shops, making it perfect for students or young professionals seeking a lively urban lifestyle. Metro Realty, (212) 555-7890 ▲Portland, Oregon                                                              $2, 200/ month Located in the eco-friendly Pearl District, this two-bedroom apartment combines modern design with sustainable living, offering a peaceful escape from the city’s noise. Featuring 1, 100 square feet of thoughtfully designed space, the home includes a bright living area, two restful bedrooms, and a stylish kitchen equipped with energy-efficient appliances. Ideal for eco-conscious renters who value both comfort and sustainability. The Green Nest, (503) 555-6789 ▲Cambridge, Massachusetts                                                      $3, 800/ month The city of Cambridge is developing a new residential area just one mile from Harvard University. This energetic community, called Harvard Green, will include 1, 500 homes, 1, 200 student housing units, entertaining facilities, an outdoor shopping square, and scenic green spaces. A standout feature of this project is a two-bedroom, two-bathroom modern apartment located on the third floor of the Elmwood building. With its clean, modern look and high-quality features, it's perfect for students, professionals, or anyone seeking a convenient and eco-friendly lifestyle. Cambridge Living, (617) 555-1234 1．What can we learn about the apartment in Greenwich Village? A．It has a bird’s eye view of Washington Square Park. B．It is within walking distance of New York University. C．The building was first constructed in the late 1800s. D．All the residents can join a private golf club nearby. 2．Green-minded individuals preferring quiet would most likely choose ________. A．Greenwich Village, NYC B．Harvard Green. Cambridge C．Pearl District, Portland D．Elmwood Building, Massachusetts 3．Where would you most probably find the above text? A．A real estate platform offering rental properties. B．A travel blog featuring top neighborhoods in USA． C．A university website about students’ housing options. D．A community news site reporting on local updates. Passage 3 Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people’s mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter. UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. “There could be a number of reasons.” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than £ 500, 000, the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline. ” Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people’s sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey gathered by the University of Essex. Explaining what the data revealed, he said: “What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy. ” He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better. With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces. ” 1．According to one study, what do green spaces do to people? A．Improve their work efficiency. B．Add to their sustained happiness. C．Help them build a positive attitude towards life. D．Lessen their concerns about material well-being. 2．What did Dr. White’s research reveal about people living in a green environment? A．Their memories were greatly strengthened. B．Their decisions required less consideration. C．Their stress was more than they could stand. D．Their communication with others improved. 3．According to Dr. White, the government should ________ to build more green spaces. A．find financial support B．improve urban planning C．involve local residents in the effort D．raise public awareness of the issue Passage 4 Education: Peking University to open branch in Oxford Peking University will be the first Chinese university to open an oversea branch in Oxford next year. According to Peking University, its HSBC Business School has got a campus in Oxford from the Open University in Britain. This purchase comes as the government steps up efforts to build globally famous universities that will lead the world in teaching and research. People: Chinese Cambridge student shares his experience From a struggling student to attending one of the most famous universities, Han Zhenyu’s hard work seems to have paid off. Recently, Han shared his experience with students and their parents in his home city of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. The 21-year-old student is now in his third year majoring in mathematics at Cambridge University, one of the top colleges in the world. Using his experience, he is helping seven other Chinese students to follow in his footsteps. Society: Quake-hit areas given a new life Visitors to Qinglongchang village in Longmen township in Lushan, a county in Sichuan Province, will be able to appreciate the new houses built for the residents following reconstruction work after an earthquake, which broke out on April 20, 2013. With the backing of governments at different levels, 232 centralized resettlement areas with brand-new houses were built for farmers within three years of the quake. 1．What will Peking University do next year? A．It will open a foreign branch in Oxford. B．It will get a campus in Oxford. C．It will lead the world in teaching and research. D．It will become globally famous. 2．Why does the student share his experience? A．Because he wants to show off. B．Because he wants to be famous. C．Because he wants to help more Chinese students. D．Because he majors in mathematics in Cambridge. 3．Who mainly helped the residents in the quake-hit areas build new houses? A．visitors. B．Governments. C．Kind people. D．Local farmers. 4．What type of writing is this test? A．An announcement B．News C．Book review D．An advertisement Passage 5 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition. 1．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．Competition helps to set up self-respect. B．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. C．Opinions about competition are different among people. D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 2．Why do some people favour competition according to the passage? A．Because it builds up a sense of duty. B．Because it pushes society forward. C．Because it improves personal abilities. D．Because it encourages individual efforts. 3．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail? A．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried. B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts. C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills. D．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others. 4．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. B．Competition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D．Every effort should be paid back. 一．应用文 Whether you’re up for a Crocodile Dundee’s adventure or you’d just like a taste of the Australian sun, the beaches in and around Sydney can offer you all that and more. Sydney Beach Sydney Beach is located at Sydney’s northernmost tip on an extension of land ending at Palm Beach. Before checking out the golden sand, take a quick tour of the houses of the millionaires from the art and film industries. Palm Beach Only about an hour from downtown Sydney, Palm Beach offers a long stretch of clean sand and water. With parking near the center of the beach, the rest of it is left as a peaceful location with a sparse population, from which you can go surfing. But be careful: without the huge crowds of other Sydney beaches, Palm Beach doesn’t afford quite the safety level to be found elsewhere; volunteer lifesavers are on duty only on weekends and holidays. Bondi Beach For the big-name beach, Bondi Beach has to be your choice. Parking is difficult to find even on slow days, so consider taking public transport to this world-known beach in the castern Sydney suburbs. Easily reachable by taxi, bus, and rail, Bondi Beach offers sun bathing, swimming, snorkeling, and all sorts of water sports fun. If you’re in the mood for a bit of exercise, two scenic coastal walks will afford you great views and sights along the shore. Take in views from Mackenzie’s Point. It starts at Bondi and heads south to Bronte Beach. But don’t try to swim in Mackenzie’s Bay — it holds dangers such as hidden rocks. Bronte Beach Your second choice for a scenic coastal walk covers a little under two miles and takes you from Bronte Beach to Waverly Cemetery, where many famous Australians are buried, including poets Henry Kendall, Doreothea Mackellar, and Henry Lawson. 1．Which of the following shows the right order of the beaches lined from the south to the north? A．Palm Beach — Sydney Beach — Bronte Beach — Bondi Beach B．Bronte Beach — Bondi Beach — Palm Beach — Sydney Beach C．Sydney Beach — Palm Beach — Bondi Beach — Bronte Beach D．Bondi Beach — Bronte Beach — Palm Beach — Sydney Beach 2．The underlined word “sparse” probably means ______. A．large B．thick C．thin D．crowded 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．If you want to visit Palm Beach, the airplane is your best choice. B．If you want to enjoy a walk, you can choose Bondi Beach or Bronte Beach. C．If you want to visit the famous people’s tombs, you can choose Sydney Beach. D．If you want to swim in Palm Beach, the safer time is on weekdays and holidays. 二·记叙文 George Gershwin, born in 1808, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs. Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way from jazz to country. In the 1920s there was a debate about jazz music. Could jazz, some asked, be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Pau Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert. And in a short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular. In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life; to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the US. It still remains one of his most famous works. George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned (哀悼) the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written. 4．Many of Gershwin’s musical works were ________. A．written about New Yorkers B．composed for Paul Whiteman C．played mainly in the countryside D．performed in various ways 5．What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman? A．It attracted more people to theatres. B．It proved jazz could be serious music. C．It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra. D．It caused a debate among jazz musicians. 6．What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris? A．He created one of his best works. B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger. C．He argued with French critics. D．He changed his music style. 7．What do we learn from the last paragraph? A．Many of Gershwin’s works were lost. B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported. C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin. D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin’s death. 三·说明文 A new study has turned long-standing beliefs about a curious area of medicine. The placebo (安慰剂) effect is a strange medical phenomenon — a sick person starts to feel better after being given a counterfeit treatment they’ve been told is real. The placebo is a pill or spray (喷雾) containing something harmless and ineffective, such as sugar or salt. Even though it is not genuine, the act of taking a medicine and thinking it will work causes the patient’s brain to send signals to the body that relieve some of the symptoms. It has always been believed that the effect only works because of the lie involved. However, a new study has found that placebos can still be effective, even when the patients know what they’ve been given. The study was led by Darwin A．Guevarra from the University of Michigan in the US. His team took two groups of people and gave them a nose spray. They were then shown different terrible images. While the groups looked at the pictures, the team monitored their brain activity for signals of emotional distress. The first group was told the spray was just to help the scientists with their readings. The second group was told that the spray was a placebo that could reduce feelings of sadness if they believed it would. Based on the brain signals, the team found the second group showed fewer signs of sadness than the first group. Co-author Jason Moser says the study shows that people don’t need to be lied to for a placebo to work. “Honest” placebos could be a way for doctors to treat patients suffering from certain conditions, such as high stress levels. “You could give them a placebo, tell them it can help them and it is possible — if they believe it can, then it will.” 8．The underlined word “counterfeit” (in para.1) is closest in meaning to . A．natural. B．harmful. C．effective. D．fake. 9．Why did Darwin A．Guevarra and his team conduct the study about “placebo”? A．To see if nose spray can help reduce feelings of sadness. B．To test the effectiveness of a new type of medicine. C．To prove that the placebo effect is a lie. D．To explore if a placebo works for patients aware of its lie. 10．It can be inferred from Guevarra’s study that . A．“honest” placebos could help doctors to treat anxiety. B．Placebos work only when patents are cheated into believing they are real. C．Doctors should never use placebos because they can cause harm to patients. D．Placebos are not effective in treating any medical conditions. 11．What is the passage mainly about? A．A placebo can be used as an effective way to cure diseases like cancer. B．A sick person must be lied to for a placebo to work. C．Patients’ trust in a placebo can potentially lead to beneficial effects. D．“Honest” placebos could be effective for all patients. 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$