内容正文:
2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 2 Getting along重点词汇
必备知识清单
重点词汇释义
1.selfish adj. 自私的,自私自利的(含贬义)。
【用法释疑】用于描述人或行为只考虑自己,不顾及他人。可在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】be selfish about sth.(在某事上自私)。
例句:
She is a selfish girl who never shares her snacks.(她是个自私的女孩,从不分享零食。)
It's selfish of him to take all the credit.(他把所有功劳都揽在自己身上,太自私了。)
Don't be so selfish—think about others sometimes!(别这么自私,偶尔为别人考虑一下!)
2.giant n. (儿童故事中的)巨人。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指传说中体型庞大的人形生物。
【常用搭配】fairy tale giant(童话巨人)。
例句:
In the story, the giant guarded a treasure cave.(故事里,巨人守护着一个宝藏洞穴。)
The children were afraid of the giant in the book.(孩子们害怕书中的巨人。)
The giant towered over the other characters.(这个巨人比其他角色都高大。)
3.shout v. 大声说,喊叫,呼喊。
【用法释疑】既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。作不及物动词时,常与at或to搭配;作及物动词时,后接说话内容。
【常用搭配】shout at sb.(对某人大喊大叫);shout to sb.(朝某人呼喊);shout out(大声说出)。
例句:
He shouted at the driver who cut in front of him.(他对强行超车的司机大喊。)
She shouted to her friend across the street.(她隔着马路朝朋友呼喊。)
The crowd shouted out their support for the team.(人群大声呼喊着支持这支队伍。)
4.gate n. (栅栏或围墙上的)大门。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指建筑物或场地入口处的门。
【常用搭配】at the gate(在门口);gate of...(……的大门)。
例句:
The school gate is closed after 6 p.m.(下午6点后学校大门会关闭。)
They waited for us at the gate of the park.(他们在公园门口等我们。)
The old gate is made of wood and iron.(那扇旧大门是由木头和铁制成的。)
5.since prep. 自从……以来;自从……之后。
【用法释疑】后接表示时间点的名词或短语,常用于现在完成时或过去完成时的句子中。
【常用搭配】since then(从那时起);since + 时间点(自从……)。
例句:
I have lived here since 2010.(自从2010年以来,我就住在这里。)
She has been interested in music since childhood.(她从小就对音乐感兴趣。)
They haven't seen each other since last summer.(自从去年夏天以来,他们就没见过面。)
6. nor conj. 也不。
【用法释疑】常用于“neither...nor...”结构中,表示“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列成分,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
【常用搭配】neither...nor...(既不……也不……)。
例句:
He neither drinks nor smokes.(他既不喝酒也不抽烟。)
Neither she nor I am going to the party.(她和我都不打算去参加聚会。)
The book is neither interesting nor useful.(这本书既没意思也没用。)
7.hole n. 洞,孔,坑。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指物体上的凹陷或穿透的空间。
【常用搭配】dig a hole(挖洞);hole in...(在……上的洞)。
例句:
There is a hole in my sock.(我的袜子上有个洞。)
The children are digging a hole in the garden.(孩子们在花园里挖洞。)
The dog jumped through the hole in the fence.(狗从篱笆上的洞跳了过去。)
8.afraid adj. 害怕的,恐惧的。
【用法释疑】表语形容词,不能用于名词前作定语。常与of搭配,或后接动词不定式、that从句。
【常用搭配】be afraid of sth./doing sth.(害怕某物/做某事);be afraid to do sth.(不敢做某事);be afraid that...(担心……)。
例句:
She is afraid of dogs.(她害怕狗。)
He was afraid to tell his parents the truth.(他不敢告诉父母真相。)
I'm afraid that I can't come to your party.(恐怕我不能去参加你的聚会了。)
9.adaptation n. (书或戏剧的)改编版。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指根据原作改编的作品。
【常用搭配】adaptation of...(……的改编版)。
例句:
The movie is an adaptation of a famous novel.(这部电影是一部著名小说的改编版。)
Have you seen the stage adaptation of the play?(你看过这部戏剧的舞台改编版吗?)
The adaptation received mixed reviews from critics.(这个改编版受到了评论家的褒贬不一的评价。)
10. unhappiness n. 不幸。
【用法释疑】不可数名词,指悲伤、痛苦或不幸的状态。
【常用搭配】express unhappiness(表达不幸);feel unhappiness(感到不幸)。
例句:
Her unhappiness was obvious to everyone.(她的不幸显而易见,每个人都能看出来。)
The story tells of the hero's unhappiness and struggle.(这个故事讲述了主人公的不幸与奋斗。)
Money can't buy happiness, but it can reduce unhappiness.(金钱买不到幸福,但可以减少不幸。)
11.climax n. 高潮,顶点。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指故事、表演或活动的最激烈、最精彩的部分。
【常用搭配】reach the climax(达到高潮);climax of...(……的高潮)。
例句:
The climax of the movie is when the hero saves the world.(这部电影的高潮是英雄拯救世界的时候。)
The play builds up to a dramatic climax.(这部戏剧逐渐发展到一个戏剧性的高潮。)
The party reached its climax when the band started playing.(当乐队开始演奏时,派对达到了高潮。)
12.return v. 返回,回来,回去。
【用法释疑】不及物动词,后接to+地点;也可用作及物动词,表示“归还”。
【常用搭配】return to...(返回……);return sth. to sb.(把某物归还给某人)。
例句:
He will return to his hometown next week.(他下周将返回故乡。)
Remember to return the book to the library on time.(记得按时把书归还给图书馆。)
She returned from her trip with many interesting stories.(她旅行回来,带来了许多有趣的故事。)
13.lively adj. 充满活力的,生气勃勃的。
【用法释疑】可用于描述人、动物或事物充满活力,在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】a lively discussion(热烈的讨论);a lively child(活泼的孩子)。
例句:
The lively music made everyone want to dance.(这充满活力的音乐让每个人都想跳舞。)
She has a lively personality and makes friends easily.(她性格活泼,很容易交到朋友。)
The market is always lively in the morning.(早上的市场总是生机勃勃。)
14.theirs pron. 他们的,她们的(用于指代属于前面所提之人的东西)。
【用法释疑】名词性物主代词,相当于“their + 名词”,后面不接名词。
【常用搭配】This is theirs.(这是他们的。)
例句:
Our house is small, but theirs is big.(我们的房子小,但他们的大。)
Is this book yours or theirs?(这本书是你的还是他们的?)
The idea was theirs, not mine.(这个主意是他们的,不是我的。)
15.grade n. 年级。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指学校中的年级,前面常加数字。
【常用搭配】in Grade + 数字(在……年级)。
例句:
She is in Grade 8 this year.(她今年上八年级。)
The students in Grade 7 are having a sports meeting.(七年级的学生正在开运动会。)
He skipped a grade and entered high school early.(他跳了一级,提前进入了高中。)
16. article n. (报刊的)文章,论文。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指报纸、杂志等上的文字作品。
【常用搭配】write an article(写文章);read an article(读文章)。
例句:
She wrote an article about environmental protection.(她写了一篇关于环境保护的文章。)
I read an interesting article in today's newspaper.(我在今天的报纸上读了一篇有趣的文章。)
The article discusses the future of technology.(这篇文章探讨了科技的未来。)
17. priceless adj. 极其贵重的;无价的。
【用法释疑】用于描述某物价值极高,无法用金钱衡量,在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】a priceless treasure(无价之宝)。
例句:
The museum has many priceless works of art.(这家博物馆有许多无价的艺术品。)
Her advice was priceless to me when I started my business.(我创业时,她的建议对我来说是无价的。)
The memories of our childhood are priceless.(我们童年的回忆是无价的。)
18.differently adv. 不同地。
【用法释疑】修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示方式上的不同。
【常用搭配】think differently(不同地思考);act differently(不同地行动)。
例句:
They approached the problem differently.(他们以不同的方式处理这个问题。)
She dresses differently from her friends.(她穿衣服的风格和朋友们不同。)
The teacher explained the lesson differently to help the students understand.(老师用不同的方式讲解课程,以帮助学生理解。)
19.recently adv. 最近,近来,不久前。
【用法释疑】修饰动词,常用于现在完成时或一般过去时的句子中。
【常用搭配】recently + 动词(最近做某事)。
例句:
I have recently started learning to play the guitar.(我最近开始学弹吉他。)
She visited her grandparents recently.(她最近去看望了祖父母。)
The company has recently launched a new product.(这家公司最近推出了一款新产品。)
20.allow v. 允许,容许,准许。
【用法释疑】及物动词,后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语,也可接复合宾语(allow sb. to do sth.)。
【常用搭配】allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事);allow doing sth.(允许做某事)。
例句:
My parents allow me to watch TV for an hour every day.(我父母允许我每天看一小时电视。)
The school doesn't allow students to bring mobile phones to class.(学校不允许学生带手机上课。)
Do they allow smoking in this restaurant?(这家餐馆允许吸烟吗?)
21.attend v. 参加,出席,到场。
【用法释疑】及物动词,后接会议、婚礼、课程等名词。
【常用搭配】attend a meeting(参加会议);attend school(上学);attend a lecture(听讲座)。
例句:
He will attend the important conference tomorrow.(他明天将参加那个重要的会议。)
She has to attend a training course this weekend.(这个周末她得参加一个培训课程。)
All students are required to attend the opening ceremony.(所有学生都必须参加开学典礼。)
22.whom pron. 谁,什么人。
【用法释疑】who的宾格形式,在句中作宾语,常用于正式文体或书面语中。
【常用搭配】介词+whom(用于定语从句中)。
例句:
Whom did you meet at the party?(你在聚会上遇见了谁?)
The man whom we met yesterday is a famous writer.(我们昨天遇见的那个人是一位著名作家。)
To whom did you send the letter?(你把信寄给谁了?)
23.cheerful adj. 高兴的。
【用法释疑】用于描述人或事物令人感到愉快,在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】a cheerful mood(愉快的心情);a cheerful smile(愉快的微笑)。
例句:
She has a cheerful personality and always makes others happy.(她性格开朗,总是让别人开心。)
The children looked cheerful as they played in the park.(孩子们在公园里玩耍时看起来很高兴。)
The cheerful music brightened everyone's day.(欢快的音乐让每个人的一天都充满阳光。)
24.uncertain adj. 不确定的,无把握的。
【用法释疑】表语形容词,常与about或of搭配,后接名词、代词或动名词,也可接动词不定式或that从句。
【常用搭配】be uncertain about/of...(对……不确定);it is uncertain that...(……不确定)。
例句:
I am uncertain about his intentions.(我不确定他的意图。)
She was uncertain of whether to accept the job offer.(她不确定是否接受这份工作邀请。)
It is uncertain when the project will be completed.(项目何时完成还不确定。)
25.suggestion n. 建议,提议。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指针对某一问题或情况提出的意见或想法。
【常用搭配】make a suggestion(提出建议);take/follow a suggestion(采纳建议);suggestion for...(关于……的建议)。
例句:
He made a suggestion to improve the working environment.(他提出了一个改善工作环境的建议。)
We welcome any suggestions from our customers.(我们欢迎客户提出任何建议。)
Her suggestion that we go for a picnic was accepted by everyone.(她提出的去野餐的建议被大家接受了。)
26.comfort n. 安慰。
【用法释疑】不可数名词,指在人悲伤或困难时给予的慰藉。
【常用搭配】take comfort in...(从……中得到安慰);offer comfort to sb.(给某人安慰)。
例句:
She found comfort in her friend's words.(她从朋友的话语中得到了安慰。)
His family was a great source of comfort to him during his illness.(他生病期间,家人是他最大的安慰来源。)
The book provides comfort to those who are going through hard times.(这本书给那些正在经历困难时期的人带来安慰。)
27.skating n. 滑冰,溜冰。
【用法释疑】不可数名词,指在冰上或旱冰场上滑行的运动。
【常用搭配】go skating(去滑冰);like skating(喜欢滑冰)。
例句:
We often go skating in winter.(我们冬天经常去滑冰。)
She is good at skating and has won many competitions.(她擅长滑冰,赢得过很多比赛。)
Skating is a popular winter sport in cold areas.(滑冰在寒冷地区是一项受欢迎的冬季运动。)
28.narrow adj. 狭窄的。
【用法释疑】用于描述空间、道路等宽度较小,在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】a narrow road(狭窄的道路);a narrow escape(死里逃生)。
例句:
The narrow path led to a hidden village.(这条狭窄的小路通向一个隐蔽的村庄。)
The room is too narrow for three people to live in.(这个房间太狭窄了,三个人住不下。)
He had a narrow victory in the election.(他在选举中险胜。)
29.unit n. (计量用的)单位。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指计量时使用的标准量。
【常用搭配】unit of measurement(度量单位);time unit(时间单位)。
例句:
The meter is a unit of length.(米是长度单位。)
Kilogram is the international unit of mass.(千克是国际质量单位。)
We need to convert the data into the same unit.(我们需要把数据转换成相同的单位。)
30.perhaps adv. 可能,大概,也许。
【用法释疑】用于表示推测或不确定,可放在句首、句中或句尾。
【常用搭配】Perhaps + 句子(可能……)。
例句:
Perhaps he will come tomorrow.(也许他明天会来。)
She is perhaps the most talented student in the class.(她可能是班里最有才华的学生。)
We can go to the park, perhaps?(也许我们可以去公园?)
31.argue v. 争论,争吵。
【用法释疑】不及物动词,常与with搭配,表示“与某人争论”;也可用作及物动词,后接that从句,表示“主张,认为”。
【常用搭配】argue with sb.(与某人争论);argue about sth.(争论某事);argue that...(主张……)。
例句:
They are always arguing with each other about small things.(他们总是为小事互相争吵。)
The scientists argue that climate change is a serious problem.(科学家们主张气候变化是一个严重的问题。)
I don't want to argue with you—let's just agree to disagree.(我不想和你争论,我们各自保留意见吧。)
32.divide v. (把……)分开。
【用法释疑】及物动词,常与into搭配,表示“把……分成……”;也可作不及物动词,表示“分开,分裂”。
【常用搭配】divide...into...(把……分成……);divide sth. between/among...(在……之间分配某物)。
例句:
The teacher divided the class into four groups.(老师把班级分成了四个小组。)
We need to divide the work between us.(我们需要把工作在我们之间分配一下。)
The river divides the city into two parts.(这条河把城市分成了两部分。)
33.agreement n. (意见的)一致,相合。
【用法释疑】不可数名词,指多人对某一事物的看法达成一致;也可作可数名词,指协议、协定。
【常用搭配】reach an agreement(达成一致);in agreement with...(与……一致)。
例句:
They finally reached an agreement after hours of discussion.(经过数小时的讨论,他们终于达成了一致。)
There is a general agreement that education is important.(人们普遍认为教育很重要。)
His opinion is in agreement with mine.(他的意见和我的一致。)
34.relative n. 家人;亲戚。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指与自己有血缘或婚姻关系的人。
【常用搭配】close relative(近亲);distant relative(远亲)。
例句:
She has many relatives living in the countryside.(她有很多亲戚住在农村。)
We visited our relatives during the Spring Festival.(春节期间我们拜访了亲戚。)
He is my closest relative and I can trust him completely.(他是我最亲近的亲戚,我可以完全信任他。)
35.poem n. 诗;韵文。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指以有节奏和韵律的语言写成的文学作品。
【常用搭配】write a poem(写诗);read a poem(读诗)。
例句:
She wrote a beautiful poem about her hometown.(她写了一首关于家乡的优美诗歌。)
The teacher asked the students to recite a poem.(老师让学生们背诵一首诗。)
I enjoy reading poems by ancient Chinese poets.(我喜欢读中国古代诗人的诗。)
36.inside adv. 在(容器或其他封闭的空间)里面;往里面。
【用法释疑】修饰动词,表示位置或方向,反义词为outside。
【常用搭配】go inside(进去);look inside(往里面看)。
例句:
It's raining—let's go inside.(下雨了,我们进去吧。)
She looked inside the box and found a surprise.(她往盒子里看,发现了一个惊喜。)
The children are playing inside because of the hot weather.(因为天气热,孩子们在里面玩耍。)
37.neighbour n. 邻居,邻人。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指住在附近的人。
【常用搭配】next-door neighbour(隔壁邻居);good neighbour(好邻居)。
例句:
Our new neighbours are very friendly.(我们的新邻居非常友好。)
She often helps her elderly neighbour with housework.(她经常帮助年迈的邻居做家务。)
We live next to a noisy neighbour.(我们住在一个吵闹的邻居旁边。)
38.drift v. 随意移动,漂泊;摇摆不定;漫无目的地行动。
【用法释疑】不及物动词,可指物体随水流、风等移动,也可指人漫无目的地生活或行动。
【常用搭配】drift along(随波逐流);drift apart(逐渐疏远)。
例句:
The boat drifted along the river with the current.(小船顺流而下,沿河漂流。)
After graduation, he drifted from city to city without a stable job.(毕业后,他没有稳定的工作,从一个城市漂泊到另一个城市。)
Over time, the two friends drifted apart and lost touch.(随着时间的推移,这两个朋友逐渐疏远,失去了联系。)
39.ashamed adj. (因自己所做的事而)羞耻的,内疚的,惭愧的。
【用法释疑】表语形容词,常与of搭配,后接名词、代词或动名词,也可接动词不定式或that从句。
【常用搭配】be ashamed of...(为……感到羞耻);be ashamed to do sth.(羞于做某事);be ashamed that...(因……而惭愧)。
例句:
He was ashamed of his bad behavior.(他为自己的不良行为感到羞耻。)
She is ashamed to admit that she made a mistake.(她羞于承认自己犯了错误。)
I feel ashamed that I didn't help him when he needed it.(我为他需要帮助时我没有帮他而感到惭愧。)
40.deeply adv. 非常,很深地。
【用法释疑】修饰动词、形容词或过去分词,表示程度很深。
【常用搭配】deeply moved(深受感动);deeply sorry(深感抱歉)。
例句:
She was deeply moved by the movie.(她被这部电影深深打动了。)
I am deeply sorry for what I said.(我对我所说的话深感抱歉。)
The problem is deeply rooted in society.(这个问题深深植根于社会之中。)
41.pass v. 过去,流逝。
【用法释疑】不及物动词,指时间过去,也可用作及物动词,表示“通过,传递”。
【常用搭配】time passes(时间流逝);pass by(经过);pass sth. to sb.(把某物递给某人)。
例句:
Time passes quickly when you're having fun.(当你玩得开心时,时间过得很快。)
The weeks passed and still no news.(几周过去了,仍然没有消息。)
He passed the book to me and asked me to read it.(他把书递给我,让我读一下。)
42.whenever conj. 每当。
【用法释疑】引导时间状语从句,表示“无论何时”或“每当……时候”。
【常用搭配】whenever + 句子(每当……)。
例句:
Whenever I see this photo, I think of my childhood.(每当我看到这张照片,我就想起我的童年。)
She gets nervous whenever she speaks in public.(每当她在公共场合讲话时,她就会紧张。)
You can call me whenever you need help.(无论何时你需要帮助,都可以给我打电话。)
核心知识回顾
英语常见的名词后缀
一、表示人的名词后缀
1. -er/-or
“-er” 和 “-or” 是极为常见的表示人的名词后缀,通常用于表示从事某种职业或动作的人。以 “-er” 结尾的单词如 “teacher”(教师),“worker”(工人),“driver”(司机) ,这些单词中的 “-er” 表明该词指代的是执行相应动作或从事对应职业的人。“-or” 同样如此,像 “actor”(演员)、“doctor”(医生)、“editor”(编辑) ,“-or” 后缀赋予单词表示人的属性。
2. -ist
“-ist” 后缀常用于表示精通某种学科、从事某种专业活动或具有某种信仰的人。例如 “scientist”(科学家),说明该人在科学领域有深入研究;“artist”(艺术家),指代从事艺术创作的人;“tourist”(游客),表示进行旅游活动的人。
二、表示抽象概念的名词后缀
1. -tion/-sion
“-tion” 和 “-sion” 后缀常用来将动词转化为表示行为、过程、结果等抽象概念的名词。当动词以 “t” 结尾时,多使用 “-tion”,如 “invent”(发明)变为 “invention”(发明物;发明过程),“educate”(教育)变为 “education”(教育);而以 “d”“de”“mit” 等结尾的动词,常加 “-sion”,例如 “decide”(决定)变为 “decision”(决定),“admit”(承认)变为 “admission”(承认;准许进入) 。
2. -ness
“-ness” 用于将形容词转化为表示性质、状态或特征的抽象名词。比如 “happy”(快乐的)变为 “happiness”(幸福),“kind”(善良的)变为 “kindness”(善良) ,通过添加 “-ness”,把描述性的形容词转变为可以讨论、思考的抽象概念。
3. -ity
“-ity” 也是把形容词转化为抽象名词的后缀,常用于表示事物的性质、状态或程度 。例如 “real”(真实的)变为 “reality”(现实),“safe”(安全的)变为 “safety”(安全)。
三、表示事物的名词后缀
1. -ment
“-ment” 后缀常加在动词后面,构成表示行为、过程、结果或物的名词。如 “develop”(发展)变为 “development”(发展;开发成果),“improve”(改进)变为 “improvement”(改进;改进之处),既可以表示动作过程,也能指代动作产生的结果或相关事物。
2. -age
“-age” 可以表示集合名词、场所、费用或行为的结果等。表示集合名词时,如 “baggage”(行李)、“luggage”(行李);表示场所,有 “orphanage”(孤儿院);表示费用,像 “postage”(邮费);表示行为结果,例如 “marriage”(婚姻)。
3. -ence/-ance
“-ence” 和 “-ance” 后缀加在动词或形容词后,构成表示性质、状态、行为等的名词 。如 “differ”(不同)变为 “difference”(差异),“important”(重要的)变为 “importance”(重要性) ,“-ence” 和 “-ance” 使词汇从描述性或动作性转变为对相关性质、状态的名词化表达。
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1.Don't be so ______. You should share your snacks with your friends.
A. selfish B. giant C. lively D. cheerful
2.The ______ in the story was so big that he could easily pick up a house.
A. hole B. giant C. gate D. lane
3.She ______ for help when she saw a snake in the grass.
A. shouted B. returned C. passed D. divided
4.The school ______ is locked at night to keep the students safe.
A. hole B. gate C. lane D. unit
5.I haven't seen him ______ he left for America last year.
A. nor B. whenever C. since D. perhaps
6.He doesn't like playing basketball, and ______ does his brother.
A. nor B. and C. but D. or
7.There is a ______ in my sock. I need to buy a new pair.
A. gate B. hole C. lane D. unit
8.The little girl is ______ of the dark, so she always sleeps with the light on.
A. afraid B. cheerful C. uncertain D. ashamed
9.Have you read the new ______ of the famous novel? It's very interesting.
A. adaptation B. article C. poem D. agreement
10.Her ______ made her friends worried about her.
A. unhappiness B. comfort C. suggestion D. grade
11.The story reached its ______ when the hero saved the whole city.
A. climax B. return C. division D. argument
12.He ______ home late last night because of the heavy rain.
A. shouted B. returned C. passed D. divided
13.The party was very ______ with music and dancing everywhere.
A. selfish B. giant C. lively D. narrow
14.---Is this book yours?
---No, it's ______. They bought it last week.
A. their B. theirs C. them D. they
15.I'm in Grade 8. Which ______ are you in?
A. adaptation B. grade C. article D. agreement
16.I read an interesting ______ about space in the newspaper yesterday.
A. adaptation B. article C. poem D. agreement
17.This painting is ______. It's worth a lot of money.
A. priceless B. cheerful C. uncertain D. narrow
18.They think ______ from us, so we often have different ideas.
A. differently B. recently C. perhaps D. deeply
19.My parents ______ me to play computer games for an hour every weekend.
A. allow B. attend C. argue D. divide
20.My father will ______ an important meeting tomorrow.
A. allow B. attend C. argue D. divide
21.We had a great time on the ______ at the amusement park.
A. roller coaster B. dividing line C. skating D. lane
22.______ is the person you want to talk to?
A. Whom B. What C. Which D. Where
23.She looks ______ today. Did she get good news?
A. selfish B. cheerful C. uncertain D. ashamed
24.I'm still ______ about whether to go to the party or not.
A. selfish B. cheerful C. uncertain D. ashamed
25.Can you give me some ______ on how to learn English well?
A. unhappiness B. comfort C. suggestions D. grades
26.Her words gave me a lot of ______ when I was feeling sad.
A. unhappiness B. comfort C. suggestions D. grades
27.I like ______ in winter. It's very interesting.
A. skating B. lane C. unit D. argument
28.The road is too ______. Two cars can't pass at the same time.
A. selfish B. lively C. narrow D. cheerful
29.There is a small ______ called Apple Lane in our town.
A. hole B. gate C. lane D. unit
30.Kilogram is a ______ of weight.
A. hole B. gate C. lane D. unit
31.______ he will come to the party, but I'm not sure.
A. Nor B. Whenever C. Since D. Perhaps
32.They often ______ about what to watch on TV.
A. allow B. attend C. argue D. divide
33.Let's ______ the cake into four pieces.
A. allow B. attend C. argue D. divide
34.The ______ between the two countries is marked by a river.
A. roller coaster B. dividing line C. skating D. lane
35.We finally reached an ______ on the plan.
A. adaptation B. article C. poem D. agreement
36.My ______ came to visit us during the Spring Festival.
A. relatives B. neighbours C. lanes D. units
37.I like reading ______ because they can express feelings in beautiful words.
A. adaptations B. articles C. poems D. agreements
38.Come ______! It's cold outside.
A. inside B. outside C. beside D. behind
39.My ______ is very kind. She often helps me with my homework.
A. relative B. neighbour C. lane D. unit
40.The clouds ______ slowly in the sky. It's so beautiful.
A. shout B. return C. drift D. pass
二、单词拼写(用所给的词的正确形式填空)
1.She is such a ________ (selfishness) girl that she never shares her snacks with others.
2.In the story, the ________ (giant) was very kind to the children.
3.Don’t ________ (shouting) at your parents. It’s not polite.
4.The ________ (gates) of the park are always open in the daytime.
5.We have lived here ________ (since) 2018.
6.He doesn’t like math, and I ________ (nor) do.
7.There is a ________ (holely) in my sock. I need to change it.
8.The little girl is ________ (afraidness) of the dark.
9.This is a new ________ (adapt) of the famous novel.
10.Her ________ (unhappy) comes from her parents’ divorce.
11.The ________ (climaxing) of the movie made everyone excited.
12.He will ________ (returning) home next week.
13.The ________ (livelyness) dance performance won a lot of applause.
14.The book is ________ (theirs’). They bought it yesterday.
15.I’m in Grade ________ (Eight).
16.I read an interesting ________ (articlely) in the newspaper this morning.
17.The painting is ________ (pricelessly). It’s a national treasure.
18.They think ________ (different) from us.
19.I haven’t seen him ________ (recent).
20.My parents don’t ________ (allowing) me to stay out late.
21.I will ________ (attendance) the meeting tomorrow.
22.We had a great time on the ________ (roller coasters).
23.________ (Whom) did you meet at the party?
24.She looks very ________ (cheer) today.
25.I’m ________ (uncertainly) about the answer.
26.Can you give me some ________ (suggest)?
27.Her words gave me a lot of ________ (comforting).
28.We often go ________ (skate) in winter.
29.The ________ (narrowly) lane is difficult for cars to pass through.
30.The ________ (divide) line between the two countries is very clear.
三、完成句子
1.他每天花半小时练习弹钢琴。
He spends half an hour ______ ______ the piano every day.
2.这个女孩害怕在公众面前讲话。
The girl is afraid of speaking ______ ______.
3.我们应该照顾好老年人。
We should ______ ______ ______ ______ the old people.
4.你最好查明火车什么时候出发。
You’d better ______ ______ when the train leaves.
5.他们正在为考试做准备。
They are ______ ______ ______ the exam.
6.她过去常常晚饭后散步。
She ______ ______ ______ ______ after dinner.
7.请把垃圾带出去。
Please ______ ______ ______ ______.
8.我妈妈生我的气因为我考试不及格。
My mother ______ ______ ______ me because I failed the exam.
9.他太害羞了,不敢参加那个活动。
He is too shy to ______ ______ ______ the activity.
10.我们与新同学相处融洽 。
We ______ ______ ______ ______ our new classmates.
11.你能帮我张贴 这些海报吗?
Can you help me ______ ______ these posters?
12.孩子们期待着过一个愉快的暑假。
The children are ______ ______ ______ having a wonderful summer holiday.
13.她太累了,以至于倒下睡着了。
She was so tired that she ______ ______ and fell asleep.
14.我们不应该嘲笑有困难的人。
We shouldn’t ______ ______ people in trouble.
15.他的妈妈为他的成功感到自豪。
His mother ______ ______ ______ his success.
16.请打开灯,房间太暗了。
Please ______ ______ the light. It’s too dark in the room.
17.我爸爸经常鼓励我努力学习。
My father often ______ ______ ______ study hard.
18.我们应该远离危险的动物。
We should ______ ______ ______ dangerous animals.
19.你能借我一些钱吗?我想买本书。
Could you ______ ______ some money? I want to buy a book.
20.这个小镇以它的美丽的湖泊而闻名。
This small town ______ ______ ______ its beautiful lakes.
21.他放弃了打篮球,因为他受伤了。
He ______ ______ playing basketball because he got hurt.
22.我们计划去参观长城。
We ______ ______ ______ the Great Wall.
23.别担心我,我会照顾好自己的。
Don’t ______ ______ me. I can take good care of myself.
24.她一到家就开始做作业。
She began to do her homework ______ ______ ______ she got home.
25.你介意我打开窗户吗?
Would you ______ my ______ the window?
26.这个男孩足够勇敢面对困难。
The boy is brave enough ______ ______ the difficulties.
27.我们参加了一场关于环保的演讲比赛。
We ______ ______ ______ a speech competition about environmental protection.
28.老师要求我们写下重要的知识点。
The teacher asked us ______ ______ ______ the important knowledge points.
29.他直到妈妈回来才睡觉。
He ______ go to bed ______ his mother came back.
30.我过去害怕一个人待在家里。
I ______ ______ ______ ______ staying at home alone.
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2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 2 Getting along重点词汇
必备知识清单
重点词汇释义
1.selfish adj. 自私的,自私自利的(含贬义)。
【用法释疑】用于描述人或行为只考虑自己,不顾及他人。可在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】be selfish about sth.(在某事上自私)。
例句:
She is a selfish girl who never shares her snacks.(她是个自私的女孩,从不分享零食。)
It's selfish of him to take all the credit.(他把所有功劳都揽在自己身上,太自私了。)
Don't be so selfish—think about others sometimes!(别这么自私,偶尔为别人考虑一下!)
2.giant n. (儿童故事中的)巨人。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指传说中体型庞大的人形生物。
【常用搭配】fairy tale giant(童话巨人)。
例句:
In the story, the giant guarded a treasure cave.(故事里,巨人守护着一个宝藏洞穴。)
The children were afraid of the giant in the book.(孩子们害怕书中的巨人。)
The giant towered over the other characters.(这个巨人比其他角色都高大。)
3.shout v. 大声说,喊叫,呼喊。
【用法释疑】既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。作不及物动词时,常与at或to搭配;作及物动词时,后接说话内容。
【常用搭配】shout at sb.(对某人大喊大叫);shout to sb.(朝某人呼喊);shout out(大声说出)。
例句:
He shouted at the driver who cut in front of him.(他对强行超车的司机大喊。)
She shouted to her friend across the street.(她隔着马路朝朋友呼喊。)
The crowd shouted out their support for the team.(人群大声呼喊着支持这支队伍。)
4.gate n. (栅栏或围墙上的)大门。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指建筑物或场地入口处的门。
【常用搭配】at the gate(在门口);gate of...(……的大门)。
例句:
The school gate is closed after 6 p.m.(下午6点后学校大门会关闭。)
They waited for us at the gate of the park.(他们在公园门口等我们。)
The old gate is made of wood and iron.(那扇旧大门是由木头和铁制成的。)
5.since prep. 自从……以来;自从……之后。
【用法释疑】后接表示时间点的名词或短语,常用于现在完成时或过去完成时的句子中。
【常用搭配】since then(从那时起);since + 时间点(自从……)。
例句:
I have lived here since 2010.(自从2010年以来,我就住在这里。)
She has been interested in music since childhood.(她从小就对音乐感兴趣。)
They haven't seen each other since last summer.(自从去年夏天以来,他们就没见过面。)
6. nor conj. 也不。
【用法释疑】常用于“neither...nor...”结构中,表示“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列成分,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
【常用搭配】neither...nor...(既不……也不……)。
例句:
He neither drinks nor smokes.(他既不喝酒也不抽烟。)
Neither she nor I am going to the party.(她和我都不打算去参加聚会。)
The book is neither interesting nor useful.(这本书既没意思也没用。)
7.hole n. 洞,孔,坑。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指物体上的凹陷或穿透的空间。
【常用搭配】dig a hole(挖洞);hole in...(在……上的洞)。
例句:
There is a hole in my sock.(我的袜子上有个洞。)
The children are digging a hole in the garden.(孩子们在花园里挖洞。)
The dog jumped through the hole in the fence.(狗从篱笆上的洞跳了过去。)
8.afraid adj. 害怕的,恐惧的。
【用法释疑】表语形容词,不能用于名词前作定语。常与of搭配,或后接动词不定式、that从句。
【常用搭配】be afraid of sth./doing sth.(害怕某物/做某事);be afraid to do sth.(不敢做某事);be afraid that...(担心……)。
例句:
She is afraid of dogs.(她害怕狗。)
He was afraid to tell his parents the truth.(他不敢告诉父母真相。)
I'm afraid that I can't come to your party.(恐怕我不能去参加你的聚会了。)
9.adaptation n. (书或戏剧的)改编版。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指根据原作改编的作品。
【常用搭配】adaptation of...(……的改编版)。
例句:
The movie is an adaptation of a famous novel.(这部电影是一部著名小说的改编版。)
Have you seen the stage adaptation of the play?(你看过这部戏剧的舞台改编版吗?)
The adaptation received mixed reviews from critics.(这个改编版受到了评论家的褒贬不一的评价。)
10. unhappiness n. 不幸。
【用法释疑】不可数名词,指悲伤、痛苦或不幸的状态。
【常用搭配】express unhappiness(表达不幸);feel unhappiness(感到不幸)。
例句:
Her unhappiness was obvious to everyone.(她的不幸显而易见,每个人都能看出来。)
The story tells of the hero's unhappiness and struggle.(这个故事讲述了主人公的不幸与奋斗。)
Money can't buy happiness, but it can reduce unhappiness.(金钱买不到幸福,但可以减少不幸。)
11.climax n. 高潮,顶点。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指故事、表演或活动的最激烈、最精彩的部分。
【常用搭配】reach the climax(达到高潮);climax of...(……的高潮)。
例句:
The climax of the movie is when the hero saves the world.(这部电影的高潮是英雄拯救世界的时候。)
The play builds up to a dramatic climax.(这部戏剧逐渐发展到一个戏剧性的高潮。)
The party reached its climax when the band started playing.(当乐队开始演奏时,派对达到了高潮。)
12.return v. 返回,回来,回去。
【用法释疑】不及物动词,后接to+地点;也可用作及物动词,表示“归还”。
【常用搭配】return to...(返回……);return sth. to sb.(把某物归还给某人)。
例句:
He will return to his hometown next week.(他下周将返回故乡。)
Remember to return the book to the library on time.(记得按时把书归还给图书馆。)
She returned from her trip with many interesting stories.(她旅行回来,带来了许多有趣的故事。)
13.lively adj. 充满活力的,生气勃勃的。
【用法释疑】可用于描述人、动物或事物充满活力,在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】a lively discussion(热烈的讨论);a lively child(活泼的孩子)。
例句:
The lively music made everyone want to dance.(这充满活力的音乐让每个人都想跳舞。)
She has a lively personality and makes friends easily.(她性格活泼,很容易交到朋友。)
The market is always lively in the morning.(早上的市场总是生机勃勃。)
14.theirs pron. 他们的,她们的(用于指代属于前面所提之人的东西)。
【用法释疑】名词性物主代词,相当于“their + 名词”,后面不接名词。
【常用搭配】This is theirs.(这是他们的。)
例句:
Our house is small, but theirs is big.(我们的房子小,但他们的大。)
Is this book yours or theirs?(这本书是你的还是他们的?)
The idea was theirs, not mine.(这个主意是他们的,不是我的。)
15.grade n. 年级。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指学校中的年级,前面常加数字。
【常用搭配】in Grade + 数字(在……年级)。
例句:
She is in Grade 8 this year.(她今年上八年级。)
The students in Grade 7 are having a sports meeting.(七年级的学生正在开运动会。)
He skipped a grade and entered high school early.(他跳了一级,提前进入了高中。)
16. article n. (报刊的)文章,论文。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指报纸、杂志等上的文字作品。
【常用搭配】write an article(写文章);read an article(读文章)。
例句:
She wrote an article about environmental protection.(她写了一篇关于环境保护的文章。)
I read an interesting article in today's newspaper.(我在今天的报纸上读了一篇有趣的文章。)
The article discusses the future of technology.(这篇文章探讨了科技的未来。)
17. priceless adj. 极其贵重的;无价的。
【用法释疑】用于描述某物价值极高,无法用金钱衡量,在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】a priceless treasure(无价之宝)。
例句:
The museum has many priceless works of art.(这家博物馆有许多无价的艺术品。)
Her advice was priceless to me when I started my business.(我创业时,她的建议对我来说是无价的。)
The memories of our childhood are priceless.(我们童年的回忆是无价的。)
18.differently adv. 不同地。
【用法释疑】修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示方式上的不同。
【常用搭配】think differently(不同地思考);act differently(不同地行动)。
例句:
They approached the problem differently.(他们以不同的方式处理这个问题。)
She dresses differently from her friends.(她穿衣服的风格和朋友们不同。)
The teacher explained the lesson differently to help the students understand.(老师用不同的方式讲解课程,以帮助学生理解。)
19.recently adv. 最近,近来,不久前。
【用法释疑】修饰动词,常用于现在完成时或一般过去时的句子中。
【常用搭配】recently + 动词(最近做某事)。
例句:
I have recently started learning to play the guitar.(我最近开始学弹吉他。)
She visited her grandparents recently.(她最近去看望了祖父母。)
The company has recently launched a new product.(这家公司最近推出了一款新产品。)
20.allow v. 允许,容许,准许。
【用法释疑】及物动词,后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语,也可接复合宾语(allow sb. to do sth.)。
【常用搭配】allow sb. to do sth.(允许某人做某事);allow doing sth.(允许做某事)。
例句:
My parents allow me to watch TV for an hour every day.(我父母允许我每天看一小时电视。)
The school doesn't allow students to bring mobile phones to class.(学校不允许学生带手机上课。)
Do they allow smoking in this restaurant?(这家餐馆允许吸烟吗?)
21.attend v. 参加,出席,到场。
【用法释疑】及物动词,后接会议、婚礼、课程等名词。
【常用搭配】attend a meeting(参加会议);attend school(上学);attend a lecture(听讲座)。
例句:
He will attend the important conference tomorrow.(他明天将参加那个重要的会议。)
She has to attend a training course this weekend.(这个周末她得参加一个培训课程。)
All students are required to attend the opening ceremony.(所有学生都必须参加开学典礼。)
22.whom pron. 谁,什么人。
【用法释疑】who的宾格形式,在句中作宾语,常用于正式文体或书面语中。
【常用搭配】介词+whom(用于定语从句中)。
例句:
Whom did you meet at the party?(你在聚会上遇见了谁?)
The man whom we met yesterday is a famous writer.(我们昨天遇见的那个人是一位著名作家。)
To whom did you send the letter?(你把信寄给谁了?)
23.cheerful adj. 高兴的。
【用法释疑】用于描述人或事物令人感到愉快,在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】a cheerful mood(愉快的心情);a cheerful smile(愉快的微笑)。
例句:
She has a cheerful personality and always makes others happy.(她性格开朗,总是让别人开心。)
The children looked cheerful as they played in the park.(孩子们在公园里玩耍时看起来很高兴。)
The cheerful music brightened everyone's day.(欢快的音乐让每个人的一天都充满阳光。)
24.uncertain adj. 不确定的,无把握的。
【用法释疑】表语形容词,常与about或of搭配,后接名词、代词或动名词,也可接动词不定式或that从句。
【常用搭配】be uncertain about/of...(对……不确定);it is uncertain that...(……不确定)。
例句:
I am uncertain about his intentions.(我不确定他的意图。)
She was uncertain of whether to accept the job offer.(她不确定是否接受这份工作邀请。)
It is uncertain when the project will be completed.(项目何时完成还不确定。)
25.suggestion n. 建议,提议。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指针对某一问题或情况提出的意见或想法。
【常用搭配】make a suggestion(提出建议);take/follow a suggestion(采纳建议);suggestion for...(关于……的建议)。
例句:
He made a suggestion to improve the working environment.(他提出了一个改善工作环境的建议。)
We welcome any suggestions from our customers.(我们欢迎客户提出任何建议。)
Her suggestion that we go for a picnic was accepted by everyone.(她提出的去野餐的建议被大家接受了。)
26.comfort n. 安慰。
【用法释疑】不可数名词,指在人悲伤或困难时给予的慰藉。
【常用搭配】take comfort in...(从……中得到安慰);offer comfort to sb.(给某人安慰)。
例句:
She found comfort in her friend's words.(她从朋友的话语中得到了安慰。)
His family was a great source of comfort to him during his illness.(他生病期间,家人是他最大的安慰来源。)
The book provides comfort to those who are going through hard times.(这本书给那些正在经历困难时期的人带来安慰。)
27.skating n. 滑冰,溜冰。
【用法释疑】不可数名词,指在冰上或旱冰场上滑行的运动。
【常用搭配】go skating(去滑冰);like skating(喜欢滑冰)。
例句:
We often go skating in winter.(我们冬天经常去滑冰。)
She is good at skating and has won many competitions.(她擅长滑冰,赢得过很多比赛。)
Skating is a popular winter sport in cold areas.(滑冰在寒冷地区是一项受欢迎的冬季运动。)
28.narrow adj. 狭窄的。
【用法释疑】用于描述空间、道路等宽度较小,在句中作定语或表语。
【常用搭配】a narrow road(狭窄的道路);a narrow escape(死里逃生)。
例句:
The narrow path led to a hidden village.(这条狭窄的小路通向一个隐蔽的村庄。)
The room is too narrow for three people to live in.(这个房间太狭窄了,三个人住不下。)
He had a narrow victory in the election.(他在选举中险胜。)
29.unit n. (计量用的)单位。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指计量时使用的标准量。
【常用搭配】unit of measurement(度量单位);time unit(时间单位)。
例句:
The meter is a unit of length.(米是长度单位。)
Kilogram is the international unit of mass.(千克是国际质量单位。)
We need to convert the data into the same unit.(我们需要把数据转换成相同的单位。)
30.perhaps adv. 可能,大概,也许。
【用法释疑】用于表示推测或不确定,可放在句首、句中或句尾。
【常用搭配】Perhaps + 句子(可能……)。
例句:
Perhaps he will come tomorrow.(也许他明天会来。)
She is perhaps the most talented student in the class.(她可能是班里最有才华的学生。)
We can go to the park, perhaps?(也许我们可以去公园?)
31.argue v. 争论,争吵。
【用法释疑】不及物动词,常与with搭配,表示“与某人争论”;也可用作及物动词,后接that从句,表示“主张,认为”。
【常用搭配】argue with sb.(与某人争论);argue about sth.(争论某事);argue that...(主张……)。
例句:
They are always arguing with each other about small things.(他们总是为小事互相争吵。)
The scientists argue that climate change is a serious problem.(科学家们主张气候变化是一个严重的问题。)
I don't want to argue with you—let's just agree to disagree.(我不想和你争论,我们各自保留意见吧。)
32.divide v. (把……)分开。
【用法释疑】及物动词,常与into搭配,表示“把……分成……”;也可作不及物动词,表示“分开,分裂”。
【常用搭配】divide...into...(把……分成……);divide sth. between/among...(在……之间分配某物)。
例句:
The teacher divided the class into four groups.(老师把班级分成了四个小组。)
We need to divide the work between us.(我们需要把工作在我们之间分配一下。)
The river divides the city into two parts.(这条河把城市分成了两部分。)
33.agreement n. (意见的)一致,相合。
【用法释疑】不可数名词,指多人对某一事物的看法达成一致;也可作可数名词,指协议、协定。
【常用搭配】reach an agreement(达成一致);in agreement with...(与……一致)。
例句:
They finally reached an agreement after hours of discussion.(经过数小时的讨论,他们终于达成了一致。)
There is a general agreement that education is important.(人们普遍认为教育很重要。)
His opinion is in agreement with mine.(他的意见和我的一致。)
34.relative n. 家人;亲戚。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指与自己有血缘或婚姻关系的人。
【常用搭配】close relative(近亲);distant relative(远亲)。
例句:
She has many relatives living in the countryside.(她有很多亲戚住在农村。)
We visited our relatives during the Spring Festival.(春节期间我们拜访了亲戚。)
He is my closest relative and I can trust him completely.(他是我最亲近的亲戚,我可以完全信任他。)
35.poem n. 诗;韵文。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指以有节奏和韵律的语言写成的文学作品。
【常用搭配】write a poem(写诗);read a poem(读诗)。
例句:
She wrote a beautiful poem about her hometown.(她写了一首关于家乡的优美诗歌。)
The teacher asked the students to recite a poem.(老师让学生们背诵一首诗。)
I enjoy reading poems by ancient Chinese poets.(我喜欢读中国古代诗人的诗。)
36.inside adv. 在(容器或其他封闭的空间)里面;往里面。
【用法释疑】修饰动词,表示位置或方向,反义词为outside。
【常用搭配】go inside(进去);look inside(往里面看)。
例句:
It's raining—let's go inside.(下雨了,我们进去吧。)
She looked inside the box and found a surprise.(她往盒子里看,发现了一个惊喜。)
The children are playing inside because of the hot weather.(因为天气热,孩子们在里面玩耍。)
37.neighbour n. 邻居,邻人。
【用法释疑】可数名词,指住在附近的人。
【常用搭配】next-door neighbour(隔壁邻居);good neighbour(好邻居)。
例句:
Our new neighbours are very friendly.(我们的新邻居非常友好。)
She often helps her elderly neighbour with housework.(她经常帮助年迈的邻居做家务。)
We live next to a noisy neighbour.(我们住在一个吵闹的邻居旁边。)
38.drift v. 随意移动,漂泊;摇摆不定;漫无目的地行动。
【用法释疑】不及物动词,可指物体随水流、风等移动,也可指人漫无目的地生活或行动。
【常用搭配】drift along(随波逐流);drift apart(逐渐疏远)。
例句:
The boat drifted along the river with the current.(小船顺流而下,沿河漂流。)
After graduation, he drifted from city to city without a stable job.(毕业后,他没有稳定的工作,从一个城市漂泊到另一个城市。)
Over time, the two friends drifted apart and lost touch.(随着时间的推移,这两个朋友逐渐疏远,失去了联系。)
39.ashamed adj. (因自己所做的事而)羞耻的,内疚的,惭愧的。
【用法释疑】表语形容词,常与of搭配,后接名词、代词或动名词,也可接动词不定式或that从句。
【常用搭配】be ashamed of...(为……感到羞耻);be ashamed to do sth.(羞于做某事);be ashamed that...(因……而惭愧)。
例句:
He was ashamed of his bad behavior.(他为自己的不良行为感到羞耻。)
She is ashamed to admit that she made a mistake.(她羞于承认自己犯了错误。)
I feel ashamed that I didn't help him when he needed it.(我为他需要帮助时我没有帮他而感到惭愧。)
40.deeply adv. 非常,很深地。
【用法释疑】修饰动词、形容词或过去分词,表示程度很深。
【常用搭配】deeply moved(深受感动);deeply sorry(深感抱歉)。
例句:
She was deeply moved by the movie.(她被这部电影深深打动了。)
I am deeply sorry for what I said.(我对我所说的话深感抱歉。)
The problem is deeply rooted in society.(这个问题深深植根于社会之中。)
41.pass v. 过去,流逝。
【用法释疑】不及物动词,指时间过去,也可用作及物动词,表示“通过,传递”。
【常用搭配】time passes(时间流逝);pass by(经过);pass sth. to sb.(把某物递给某人)。
例句:
Time passes quickly when you're having fun.(当你玩得开心时,时间过得很快。)
The weeks passed and still no news.(几周过去了,仍然没有消息。)
He passed the book to me and asked me to read it.(他把书递给我,让我读一下。)
42.whenever conj. 每当。
【用法释疑】引导时间状语从句,表示“无论何时”或“每当……时候”。
【常用搭配】whenever + 句子(每当……)。
例句:
Whenever I see this photo, I think of my childhood.(每当我看到这张照片,我就想起我的童年。)
She gets nervous whenever she speaks in public.(每当她在公共场合讲话时,她就会紧张。)
You can call me whenever you need help.(无论何时你需要帮助,都可以给我打电话。)
核心知识回顾
英语常见的名词后缀
一、表示人的名词后缀
1. -er/-or
“-er” 和 “-or” 是极为常见的表示人的名词后缀,通常用于表示从事某种职业或动作的人。以 “-er” 结尾的单词如 “teacher”(教师),“worker”(工人),“driver”(司机) ,这些单词中的 “-er” 表明该词指代的是执行相应动作或从事对应职业的人。“-or” 同样如此,像 “actor”(演员)、“doctor”(医生)、“editor”(编辑) ,“-or” 后缀赋予单词表示人的属性。
2. -ist
“-ist” 后缀常用于表示精通某种学科、从事某种专业活动或具有某种信仰的人。例如 “scientist”(科学家),说明该人在科学领域有深入研究;“artist”(艺术家),指代从事艺术创作的人;“tourist”(游客),表示进行旅游活动的人。
二、表示抽象概念的名词后缀
1. -tion/-sion
“-tion” 和 “-sion” 后缀常用来将动词转化为表示行为、过程、结果等抽象概念的名词。当动词以 “t” 结尾时,多使用 “-tion”,如 “invent”(发明)变为 “invention”(发明物;发明过程),“educate”(教育)变为 “education”(教育);而以 “d”“de”“mit” 等结尾的动词,常加 “-sion”,例如 “decide”(决定)变为 “decision”(决定),“admit”(承认)变为 “admission”(承认;准许进入) 。
2. -ness
“-ness” 用于将形容词转化为表示性质、状态或特征的抽象名词。比如 “happy”(快乐的)变为 “happiness”(幸福),“kind”(善良的)变为 “kindness”(善良) ,通过添加 “-ness”,把描述性的形容词转变为可以讨论、思考的抽象概念。
3. -ity
“-ity” 也是把形容词转化为抽象名词的后缀,常用于表示事物的性质、状态或程度 。例如 “real”(真实的)变为 “reality”(现实),“safe”(安全的)变为 “safety”(安全)。
三、表示事物的名词后缀
1. -ment
“-ment” 后缀常加在动词后面,构成表示行为、过程、结果或物的名词。如 “develop”(发展)变为 “development”(发展;开发成果),“improve”(改进)变为 “improvement”(改进;改进之处),既可以表示动作过程,也能指代动作产生的结果或相关事物。
2. -age
“-age” 可以表示集合名词、场所、费用或行为的结果等。表示集合名词时,如 “baggage”(行李)、“luggage”(行李);表示场所,有 “orphanage”(孤儿院);表示费用,像 “postage”(邮费);表示行为结果,例如 “marriage”(婚姻)。
3. -ence/-ance
“-ence” 和 “-ance” 后缀加在动词或形容词后,构成表示性质、状态、行为等的名词 。如 “differ”(不同)变为 “difference”(差异),“important”(重要的)变为 “importance”(重要性) ,“-ence” 和 “-ance” 使词汇从描述性或动作性转变为对相关性质、状态的名词化表达。
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1.Don't be so ______. You should share your snacks with your friends.
A. selfish B. giant C. lively D. cheerful
2.The ______ in the story was so big that he could easily pick up a house.
A. hole B. giant C. gate D. lane
3.She ______ for help when she saw a snake in the grass.
A. shouted B. returned C. passed D. divided
4.The school ______ is locked at night to keep the students safe.
A. hole B. gate C. lane D. unit
5.I haven't seen him ______ he left for America last year.
A. nor B. whenever C. since D. perhaps
6.He doesn't like playing basketball, and ______ does his brother.
A. nor B. and C. but D. or
7.There is a ______ in my sock. I need to buy a new pair.
A. gate B. hole C. lane D. unit
8.The little girl is ______ of the dark, so she always sleeps with the light on.
A. afraid B. cheerful C. uncertain D. ashamed
9.Have you read the new ______ of the famous novel? It's very interesting.
A. adaptation B. article C. poem D. agreement
10.Her ______ made her friends worried about her.
A. unhappiness B. comfort C. suggestion D. grade
11.The story reached its ______ when the hero saved the whole city.
A. climax B. return C. division D. argument
12.He ______ home late last night because of the heavy rain.
A. shouted B. returned C. passed D. divided
13.The party was very ______ with music and dancing everywhere.
A. selfish B. giant C. lively D. narrow
14.---Is this book yours?
---No, it's ______. They bought it last week.
A. their B. theirs C. them D. they
15.I'm in Grade 8. Which ______ are you in?
A. adaptation B. grade C. article D. agreement
16.I read an interesting ______ about space in the newspaper yesterday.
A. adaptation B. article C. poem D. agreement
17.This painting is ______. It's worth a lot of money.
A. priceless B. cheerful C. uncertain D. narrow
18.They think ______ from us, so we often have different ideas.
A. differently B. recently C. perhaps D. deeply
19.My parents ______ me to play computer games for an hour every weekend.
A. allow B. attend C. argue D. divide
20.My father will ______ an important meeting tomorrow.
A. allow B. attend C. argue D. divide
21.We had a great time on the ______ at the amusement park.
A. roller coaster B. dividing line C. skating D. lane
22.______ is the person you want to talk to?
A. Whom B. What C. Which D. Where
23.She looks ______ today. Did she get good news?
A. selfish B. cheerful C. uncertain D. ashamed
24.I'm still ______ about whether to go to the party or not.
A. selfish B. cheerful C. uncertain D. ashamed
25.Can you give me some ______ on how to learn English well?
A. unhappiness B. comfort C. suggestions D. grades
26.Her words gave me a lot of ______ when I was feeling sad.
A. unhappiness B. comfort C. suggestions D. grades
27.I like ______ in winter. It's very interesting.
A. skating B. lane C. unit D. argument
28.The road is too ______. Two cars can't pass at the same time.
A. selfish B. lively C. narrow D. cheerful
29.There is a small ______ called Apple Lane in our town.
A. hole B. gate C. lane D. unit
30.Kilogram is a ______ of weight.
A. hole B. gate C. lane D. unit
31.______ he will come to the party, but I'm not sure.
A. Nor B. Whenever C. Since D. Perhaps
32.They often ______ about what to watch on TV.
A. allow B. attend C. argue D. divide
33.Let's ______ the cake into four pieces.
A. allow B. attend C. argue D. divide
34.The ______ between the two countries is marked by a river.
A. roller coaster B. dividing line C. skating D. lane
35.We finally reached an ______ on the plan.
A. adaptation B. article C. poem D. agreement
36.My ______ came to visit us during the Spring Festival.
A. relatives B. neighbours C. lanes D. units
37.I like reading ______ because they can express feelings in beautiful words.
A. adaptations B. articles C. poems D. agreements
38.Come ______! It's cold outside.
A. inside B. outside C. beside D. behind
39.My ______ is very kind. She often helps me with my homework.
A. relative B. neighbour C. lane D. unit
40.The clouds ______ slowly in the sky. It's so beautiful.
A. shout B. return C. drift D. pass
【答案速查】
1 - 5 ABABC 6 - 10 ABAAC 11 - 15 ABCBB 16 - 20 BAAAB 21 - 25 AABCC 26 - 30 BACCD 31 - 35 DCDBD 36 - 40 ACCBC
【答题简析】
1.【解析】A. selfish 是形容词,意为 “自私的”;B. giant 作名词时表示 “巨人”;C. lively 是形容词,意思是 “充满活力的,生气勃勃的”;D. cheerful 为形容词,指 “高兴的”。
依照题干所给的情境,根据后半句 “你应该和朋友分享零食”,可知前半句是说不要太自私,所以选 A。
2.【解析】A. hole 名词,“洞,孔,坑”;B. giant 名词,“巨人”;C. gate 名词,“(栅栏或围墙上的)大门”;D. lane 名词,“…… 巷(常用于路名中)”。
依照题干所给的情境,故事中能轻易拿起房子的只能是巨人,所以选 B。
3.【解析】A. shouted 是动词 shout 的过去式,“大声说,喊叫,呼喊”;B. returned 是动词 return 的过去式,“返回,回来,回去”;C. passed 是动词 pass 的过去式,“过去,流逝”;D. divided 是动词 divide 的过去式,“(把……)分开”。
依照题干所给的情境,看到蛇自然会大声呼救,所以选 A。
4.【解析】同第 2 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,晚上锁上的应该是学校大门来保障学生安全,所以选 B。
5.【解析】A. nor 连词,“也不”;B. whenever 连词,“每当”;C. since 介词,“自从…… 以来;自从…… 之后”;D. perhaps 副词,“可能,大概,也许”。
依照题干所给的情境,“自从他去年去美国我就没见过他”,since 符合语境,所以选 C。
6.【解析】A. nor 连词,用于 “neither...nor...” 或 “not...nor...” 结构,表示 “也不”;B. and 连词,“和,并且”,表并列或顺承;C. but 连词,“但是”,表转折;D. or 连词,“或者;否则”。
依照题干所给的情境,“他不喜欢打篮球,他弟弟也不喜欢”,“not...nor...” 结构,所以选 A。
7.【解析】同第 2 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,袜子上有洞才需要买新的,所以选 B。
8.【解析】A. afraid 形容词,“害怕的,恐惧的”;B. cheerful 形容词,“高兴的”;C. uncertain 形容词,“不确定的,无把握的”;D. ashamed 形容词,“(因自己所做的事而)羞耻的,内疚的,惭愧的”。
依照题干所给的情境,睡觉开着灯是因为怕黑,所以选 A。
9.【解析】A. adaptation 名词,“(书或戏剧的)改编版”;B. article 名词,“(报刊的)文章,论文”;C. poem 名词,“诗;韵文”;D. agreement 名词,“(意见的)一致,相合”。
依照题干所给的情境,根据 “著名小说的新版本” 可知是改编版,所以选 A。
10.【解析】A. unhappiness 名词,“不幸”;B. comfort 名词,“安慰”;C. suggestion 名词,“建议,提议”;D. grade 名词,“年级”。
依照题干所给的情境,让朋友担心的应该是她的不幸,所以选 A。
11.【解析】A. climax 名词,“高潮,顶点”;B. return 动词或名词,“返回,回来,回去”;C. division 是动词 divide 的名词形式,“分开”;D. argument 名词,“争论,争吵”。
依照题干所给的情境,英雄拯救城市是故事的高潮,所以选 A。
12.【解析】同第 3 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,“昨晚因为大雨他很晚回家”,return home 表示回家,所以选 B。
13.【解析】同第 1 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,到处是音乐和舞蹈说明派对充满活力,所以选 C。
14.【解析】A. their 形容词性物主代词,“他们的”,后需接名词;B. theirs 名词性物主代词,“他们的”,可单独使用;C. them 宾格,“他们”;D. they 主格,“他们”。
依照题干所给的情境,“这本书是他们的”,此处需用名词性物主代词,所以选 B。
15.【解析】同第 9 题、第 10 题中相关选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,询问对方所在年级,所以选 B。
16.【解析】同第 9 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,报纸上的应该是文章,所以选 B。
17.【解析】A. priceless 形容词,“极其贵重的;无价的”;B. cheerful 形容词,“高兴的”;C. uncertain 形容词,“不确定的,无把握的”;D. narrow 形容词,“狭窄的”。
依照题干所给的情境,根据 “值很多钱” 可知画是无价的,所以选 A。
18.【解析】A. differently 副词,“不同地”;B. recently 副词,“最近,近来,不久前”;C. perhaps 副词,“可能,大概,也许”;D. deeply 副词,“非常,很深地”。
依照题干所给的情境,有不同想法是因为思考方式不同,所以选 A。
19.【解析】A. allow 动词,“允许,容许,准许”,常用搭配 allow sb. to do sth.;B. attend 动词,“参加,出席,到场”;C. argue 动词,“争论,争吵”;D. divide 动词,“(把……)分开”。
依照题干所给的情境,“父母允许我周末玩一小时电脑游戏”,符合 allow 的用法,所以选 A。
20.【解析】同第 19 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,“参加会议” 用 attend,所以选 B。
21.【解析】A. roller coaster 名词短语,“过山车”;B. dividing line 名词短语,“分界线,界限”;C. skating 名词,“滑冰,溜冰”;D. lane 名词,“…… 巷(常用于路名中)”。
依照题干所给的情境,在游乐园玩的应该是过山车,所以选 A。
22.【解析】A. Whom 代词,“谁,什么人”,在句中作宾语;B. What 代词,“什么”;C. Which 代词,“哪一个”;D. Where 副词,“哪里”。
依照题干所给的情境,询问 “你想和谁说话”,作宾语用 whom,所以选 A。
23.【解析】同第 1 题、第 17 题中相关选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,根据 “她得到好消息了吗” 可知她看起来高兴,所以选 B。
24.【解析】同第 8 题、第 17 题中相关选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,“不确定是否去派对”,uncertain 符合语境,所以选 C。
25.【解析】同第 10 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,“关于学好英语给些建议”,suggestions 符合题意,所以选 C。
26.【解析】同第 10 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,伤心时得到的是安慰,所以选 B。
27.【解析】A. skating 名词,“滑冰,溜冰”;B. lane 名词,“…… 巷(常用于路名中)”;C. unit 名词,“(计量用的)单位”;D. argument 名词,“争论,争吵”。
依照题干所给的情境,冬天喜欢做的运动是滑冰,所以选 A。
28.【解析】同第 17 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,两辆车不能同时通过说明路窄,所以选 C。
29.【解析】同第 2 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,Apple Lane 是小巷的名字,所以选 C。
30.【解析】同第 27 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,千克是重量单位,所以选 D。
31.【解析】同第 5 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,“不确定他是否来派对”,perhaps 表示可能,所以选 D。
32.【解析】同第 19 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,“争论看什么电视节目”,argue 符合语境,所以选 C。
33.【解析】同第 19 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,“把蛋糕分成四块”,divide 符合要求,所以选 D。
34.【解析】同第 21 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,两国之间的界限用 dividing line,所以选 B。
35.【解析】同第 9 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,“就计划达成一致”,agreement 符合,所以选 D。
36【解析】A. relatives 名词复数,“家人;亲戚”;B. neighbours 名词复数,“邻居,邻人”;C. lanes 名词复数,“…… 巷(常用于路名中)”;D. units 名词复数,“(计量用的)单位”。
依照题干所给的情境,春节来拜访的通常是亲戚,所以选 A。
37.【解析】同第 9 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,用优美语言表达情感的是诗,所以选 C。
38.【解析】A. inside 副词,“在(容器或其他封闭的空间)里面;往里面”;B. outside 副词,“在外面”;C. beside 介词,“在…… 旁边”;D. behind 介词,“在…… 后面”。
依照题干所给的情境,外面冷所以让进来,所以选 A。
39.【解析】同第 36 题中各选项解释。
依照题干所给的情境,帮做作业的应该是邻居,所以选 B。
40【解析】A. shout 动词,“大声说,喊叫,呼喊”;B. return 动词,“返回,回来,回去”;C. drift 动词,“随意移动,漂泊;摇摆不定;漫无目的地行动”;D. pass 动词,“过去,流逝”。
根据题意可知,云在空中漂浮,看起来非常漂亮,故选C。
二、单词拼写(用所给的词的正确形式填空)
1.She is such a ________ (selfishness) girl that she never shares her snacks with others.
2.In the story, the ________ (giant) was very kind to the children.
3.Don’t ________ (shouting) at your parents. It’s not polite.
4.The ________ (gates) of the park are always open in the daytime.
5.We have lived here ________ (since) 2018.
6.He doesn’t like math, and I ________ (nor) do.
7.There is a ________ (holely) in my sock. I need to change it.
8.The little girl is ________ (afraidness) of the dark.
9.This is a new ________ (adapt) of the famous novel.
10.Her ________ (unhappy) comes from her parents’ divorce.
11.The ________ (climaxing) of the movie made everyone excited.
12.He will ________ (returning) home next week.
13.The ________ (livelyness) dance performance won a lot of applause.
14.The book is ________ (theirs’). They bought it yesterday.
15.I’m in Grade ________ (Eight).
16.I read an interesting ________ (articlely) in the newspaper this morning.
17.The painting is ________ (pricelessly). It’s a national treasure.
18.They think ________ (different) from us.
19.I haven’t seen him ________ (recent).
20.My parents don’t ________ (allowing) me to stay out late.
21.I will ________ (attendance) the meeting tomorrow.
22.We had a great time on the ________ (roller coasters).
23.________ (Whom) did you meet at the party?
24.She looks very ________ (cheer) today.
25.I’m ________ (uncertainly) about the answer.
26.Can you give me some ________ (suggest)?
27.Her words gave me a lot of ________ (comforting).
28.We often go ________ (skate) in winter.
29.The ________ (narrowly) lane is difficult for cars to pass through.
30.The ________ (divide) line between the two countries is very clear.
【答案与解析】
1.selfish 【解析】此处需用形容词作定语修饰名词 girl,selfishness 是名词,其形容词形式为 selfish,表示 “自私的”。
2.giant 【解析】根据语境,此处表示 “巨人”,giant 本身就是名词,用单数形式。
3.shout 【解析】Don’t 后接动词原形,构成祈使句的否定形式,shouting 是现在分词形式,应改为 shout。
4.gates 【解析】根据 are 可知主语是复数,gate 的复数形式为 gates。
5.since 【解析】since 表示 “自从…… 以来”,符合 “我们自从 2018 年就住在这里” 的语境。
6.nor 【解析】“nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词 + 主语” 表示 “…… 也不”,符合语境。
7.hole 【解析】不定冠词 a 后接名词单数,holely 不是正确形式,应改为 hole “洞”。
8.afraid 【解析】be afraid of 是固定短语,意为 “害怕……”,afraidness 是错误形式。
9.adaptation 【解析】根据语境,此处表示 “改编版”,用名词形式 adaptation。
10.unhappiness 【解析】形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词,unhappy 的名词形式为 unhappiness。
11.climax 【解析】定冠词 the 后接名词,climaxing 是错误形式,应改为 climax “高潮”。
12.return 【解析】will 后接动词原形,构成一般将来时,returning 应改为 return。
13.lively 【解析】此处用形容词 lively 修饰名词 dance performance,livelyness 是错误形式。
14.theirs 【解析】theirs 是名词性物主代词,本身表示 “他们的(东西)”,不需要加’。
15.Eight 【解析】表示年级时,Grade 和数字都要大写,此处用 Eight。
16.article 【解析】不定冠词 an 后接名词单数,articlely 是错误形式,应改为 article “文章”。
17.priceless 【解析】be 动词后接形容词作表语,pricelessly 是副词,应改为 priceless “无价的”。
18.differently 【解析】修饰动词 think 要用副词,different 的副词形式为 differently。
19.recently 【解析】此处表示 “最近”,用副词 recently,recent 是形容词。
20.allow 【解析】don’t 后接动词原形,allowing 应改为 allow。
a21.ttend 【解析】will 后接动词原形,attendance 是名词,应改为动词 attend “参加”。
22.roller coaster 【解析】roller coaster 是固定短语 “过山车”,此处用单数形式表示类别。
23.Whom 【解析】在句中作宾语,用宾格 whom,位于句首首字母大写。
24cheerful 【解析】look 是系动词,后接形容词作表语,cheer 是动词,应改为 cheerful “高兴的”。
25.uncertain 【解析】be 动词后接形容词作表语,uncertainly 是副词,应改为 uncertain “不确定的”。
26.suggestions 【解析】some 后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,suggestion 是可数名词,复数形式为 suggestions。
27.comfort 【解析】a lot of 后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,comfort 作 “安慰” 讲时是不可数名词,comforting 是形容词。
28.skating 【解析】go skating 是固定短语,意为 “去滑冰”。
29.narrow 【解析】此处用形容词 narrow 修饰名词 lane,narrowly 是副词。
30.dividing 【解析】dividing line 是固定短语,意为 “分界线”,dividing 是现在分词作定语修饰 line。
三、完成句子
1.他每天花半小时练习弹钢琴。
He spends half an hour ______ ______ the piano every day.
2.这个女孩害怕在公众面前讲话。
The girl is afraid of speaking ______ ______.
3.我们应该照顾好老年人。
We should ______ ______ ______ ______ the old people.
4.你最好查明火车什么时候出发。
You’d better ______ ______ when the train leaves.
5.他们正在为考试做准备。
They are ______ ______ ______ the exam.
6.她过去常常晚饭后散步。
She ______ ______ ______ ______ after dinner.
7.请把垃圾带出去。
Please ______ ______ ______ ______.
8.我妈妈生我的气因为我考试不及格。
My mother ______ ______ ______ me because I failed the exam.
9.他太害羞了,不敢参加那个活动。
He is too shy to ______ ______ ______ the activity.
10.我们与新同学相处融洽 。
We ______ ______ ______ ______ our new classmates.
11.你能帮我张贴 这些海报吗?
Can you help me ______ ______ these posters?
12.孩子们期待着过一个愉快的暑假。
The children are ______ ______ ______ having a wonderful summer holiday.
13.她太累了,以至于倒下睡着了。
She was so tired that she ______ ______ and fell asleep.
14.我们不应该嘲笑有困难的人。
We shouldn’t ______ ______ people in trouble.
15.他的妈妈为他的成功感到自豪。
His mother ______ ______ ______ his success.
16.请打开灯,房间太暗了。
Please ______ ______ the light. It’s too dark in the room.
17.我爸爸经常鼓励我努力学习。
My father often ______ ______ ______ study hard.
18.我们应该远离危险的动物。
We should ______ ______ ______ dangerous animals.
19.你能借我一些钱吗?我想买本书。
Could you ______ ______ some money? I want to buy a book.
20.这个小镇以它的美丽的湖泊而闻名。
This small town ______ ______ ______ its beautiful lakes.
21.他放弃了打篮球,因为他受伤了。
He ______ ______ playing basketball because he got hurt.
22.我们计划去参观长城。
We ______ ______ ______ the Great Wall.
23.别担心我,我会照顾好自己的。
Don’t ______ ______ me. I can take good care of myself.
24.她一到家就开始做作业。
She began to do her homework ______ ______ ______ she got home.
25.你介意我打开窗户吗?
Would you ______ my ______ the window?
26.这个男孩足够勇敢面对困难。
The boy is brave enough ______ ______ the difficulties.
27.我们参加了一场关于环保的演讲比赛。
We ______ ______ ______ a speech competition about environmental protection.
28.老师要求我们写下重要的知识点。
The teacher asked us ______ ______ ______ the important knowledge points.
29.他直到妈妈回来才睡觉。
He ______ go to bed ______ his mother came back.
30.我过去害怕一个人待在家里。
I ______ ______ ______ ______ staying at home alone.
【答案与简析】
1.practicing playing;spend time (in) doing sth. 【解析】表示 “花费时间做某事”,practice doing sth. 意为 “练习做某事”。
2.in public【解析】“在公众面前” 常用短语 in public 表达。
3.take good care of【解析】“照顾好” 是固定短语 take good care of 。
4.find out【解析】“查明” 用 find out ,had better 后接动词原形。
5.preparing for【解析】“为…… 做准备” 是 prepare for ,根据语境用现在进行时 be doing 形式。
6.used to go for a walk【解析】“过去常常做某事” 是 used to do sth. ,“去散步” 是 go for a walk 。
7.take out the rubbish【解析】“把…… 带出去” 是 take out ,“垃圾” 是 rubbish 。
8.was angry with【解析】“生某人的气” 是 be angry with sb. ,根据从句时态可知用一般过去时。
9.take part in【解析】“参加” 活动用 take part in ,too...to... 结构后接动词原形。
10.get on/along well with【解析】“与…… 相处融洽” 是 get on/along well with 。
11.put up【解析】“张贴” 是 put up ,help sb. do sth. 所以用动词原形。
12.looking forward to【解析】“期待” 是 look forward to ,to 是介词,后接动名词,根据语境用现在进行时。
13.fell down【解析】“倒下” 是 fall down ,根据 fell asleep 可知用一般过去时。
14.laugh at【解析】“嘲笑” 是 laugh at ,shouldn’t 后接动词原形。
15.takes pride in【解析】“为…… 感到自豪” 是 take pride in ,主语是第三人称单数,所以用 takes 。
16.turn on【解析】“打开” 电器等用 turn on ,祈使句用动词原形。
17.encourages me to【解析】“鼓励某人做某事” 是 encourage sb. to do sth. ,主语是第三人称单数,一般现在时用 encourages 。
18.keep away from【解析】“远离” 是 keep away from ,should 后接动词原形。
19.lend me【解析】“借给某人某物” 是 lend sb. sth. ,could 后接动词原形。
20.is famous for【解析】“以…… 而闻名” 是 be famous for ,主语是第三人称单数,一般现在时用 is 。
21.gave up【解析】“放弃” 是 give up ,根据从句时态可知用一般过去时。
22.plan to visit【解析】“计划做某事” 是 plan to do sth. ,一般现在时,主语是 we ,用原形。
23.worry about【解析】“担心” 是 worry about ,祈使句否定形式,don’t 后接动词原形。
24.as soon as【解析】“一…… 就……” 用 as soon as 引导时间状语从句。
25.mind; opening【解析】“介意某人做某事” 是 mind one’s doing sth. 。
26.to face【解析】adj. + enough to do sth. 表示 “足够…… 去做某事”,所以用 to face 。
27.took part in【解析】“参加” 比赛等用 take part in ,根据语境用一般过去时。
28.to write down【解析】ask sb. to do sth. 表示 “要求某人做某事”,“写下” 是 write down 。
29.didn’t; until【解析】“直到…… 才……” 是 not...until... ,根据从句时态可知用一般过去时的否定形式 didn’t 。
30.used to be afraid of【解析】“过去常常” 是 used to do ,“害怕” 是 be afraid of ,used to 后接动词原形。
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