衔接点12 定语从句之关系代词用法（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

衔接点12 定语从句之关系代词用法 （初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段，重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系代词用法，who（人）、which（物）、that（人或物）。 高中阶段，除了初中阶段的关系代词，高中还会学习 whose（表示所有格）、whom（指人，作宾语）、as等。掌握更复杂的定语从句结构，包括省略关系代词和分隔式定语从句的使用。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 · 关系代词 "who"： The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。） · 关系代词 "which"： The book which I read last night was very interesting.（我昨晚读的那本书非常有趣。） · 关系代词 "that"： The house that we bought last year is very spacious.（我们去年买的房子非常宽敞。） 1．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 2．Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time. A．/ B．those C．which D．that 3．The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction. A．who B．which C．whom D．where 4．The boy with ________ John is talking is my elder brother. A．whom B．who C．that D．which 5．—I want a partner to practice roller skating. —My friend is a person ______ skill is very great. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 使用关系代词 "whose"：表示所有格，用于指人或物。 The man whose car was stolen is very upset.（他的车被偷了的那个男人非常不安。） · 使用关系代词 "whom"：用作宾语，指人。 The scientist whom we invited will give us a lecture next week.（我们邀请的那位科学家下周将给我们做讲座。） · 关系代词的省略：在定语从句中，当关系代词作宾语时，可以省略。 The book that I read is interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。） · 分隔式定语从句：定语从句不紧跟在先行词之后，而是被其他成分隔开。 The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.（我上周读的那本书非常有趣。） 考点清单 ▇ 定义及相关术语 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 总结1： 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6. 关系副词有：when, where, why等 总结2： ▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 ▇ 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现） Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. ▇ 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2.在非限制性定语从句中 Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可） Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us. 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? ▇ 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. There is a rule that should be obeyed. 注意事项： 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别） 1．Tu Youyou is the scientist discovery has led to the development of new drugs. (用适当的词填空) 2．Did you know the man is standing at the school gate? (用适当的词填空) 3．A typhoon is an extremely strong wind often happens on the Western Pacific Ocean. (用适当的词填空) 4．Those dreams come true are always determined and never give up. （用适当的词填空） 5．The only book I have read recently is about the history of science. (用适当的词填空) 6．Please underline the words meaning you don't know. (用适当的词填空) 7．She spent the whole evening talking about the things and people none of us has ever heard of. (用适当的词填空) 8．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere can make the audience fully immersed in the music. (用适当的词填空) 9．Peter with sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming. (用适当的词填空) 10．Festivals are occasions allow us to forget about our work for a little while. (用适当的词填空) 11．Boys, please don’t talk about such things you don’t understand at all. (用适当的词填空) 12．As someone grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. (用适当的词填空) 13．You may not control all the events happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. (用适当的词填空) 14．Do you know the name of that girl brother is your roommate? (用适当的词填空) 15．I have the same magazine you bought just now. (用适当的词填空) 16．This is the most beautiful park I have visited. (用适当的词填空) 17．The room windows face north is mine. (用适当的词填空) 18．The photo he showed me was taken when he was 5 years old. (用适当的词填空) 19．The mountain peak is covered in snow attracts many climbers. (用适当的词填空) 20．Disneyland is the most unforgettable place I have ever been to. (用适当的词填空) 一、完成句子 1．This is _____________________________ I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 二、阅读理解 There are many colors in nature. But do you know if a color has weight? I think you’ll say “no”. But I am afraid you are wrong. If you don’t believe, you may do a small experiment. First, put two objects with the same weight into two boxes. Then cover the box. Third, wrap one box with a red piece of paper, the other with a white piece of paper. OK. Now hold the boxes with your hand one by one. It is certain that you will think the red one is a little heavier. Why do you think so? A scientist found that different colors have different weight in a man’s mind. So he did many tests and at last he got the result. That is to say, every color has its own weight in our mind and their order is the same. The heaviest color is red, then blue, green, orange, yellow and white. The scientist told us that colors also have smell. Can you smell the colour? Of course not. Then why did the scientist say so? That is because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wave length. It reaches our brain through sense organs (器官). According to this discovery, scientists say that people accept the colors they like, and refuse the colors they hate. So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colors you like. Or you’ll be nervous or even get ill. For example, if you stay in a room with red windows, wallpapers and furniture for two hours, you’ll feel you have been there for four hours. But if the room is blue, you’ll feel you have been there for only an hour. Another example, if a person walks out of a red room and into a blue room, his temperature will fall. That means our body temperature will change with different colors. 1．The purpose of the second paragraph is to tell us________. A．a red box is heavier than a white one B．a color has weight in one’s mind C．white paper is lighter than red paper D．you can know the weight of a color by holding it 2．Why did the scientist say colors have smell? A．Because people can sense the light from colors. B．Because we can smell colors with our nose. C．Because every color has its own sweet smell. D．Because every color can give off light of the same length. 3．It can be implied from the text that ________. A．colors have orders in weight B．colors can change the weight of an object C．people would stay longer in a room with red windows D．colors can affect our mood and health 4．This passage is probably a ________. A．book review B．science report C．fairy tale D．fiction novel 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 experiment n. 实验 wavelength n. 波长 sense organ n. 感觉器官 nervous adj. 紧张的，焦虑的 temperature n. 温度 长难句分析 原句：That is because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wave length. 译文：那是因为每种颜色都代表着一种具有特定波长的光。 分析：本句为主从复合句。“That is” 为主句，“because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wave length” 为 because 引导的表语从句，在从句中 “with a certain wave length” 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “a kind of light”。 中文翻译 自然界中有许多颜色。但是你知道一种颜色是否有重量吗？我想你会说 “没有”。但恐怕你错了。如果你不相信，你可以做一个小实验。 首先，把两个重量相同的物体分别放入两个盒子里。然后盖上盒子。接着，用一张红色的纸包裹其中一个盒子，用一张白色的纸包裹另一个盒子。好了。现在用手逐个拿起这两个盒子。可以肯定的是，你会觉得红色包装的那个盒子稍微重一些。 你为什么会这么想？一位科学家发现，不同的颜色在人的意识中具有不同的重量。所以他做了很多测试，最后得到了结果。也就是说，每种颜色在我们的意识中都有自己的重量，而且它们的顺序是相同的。最重的颜色是红色，然后是蓝色、绿色、橙色、黄色和白色。 这位科学家告诉我们，颜色也有气味。你能闻到颜色的气味吗？当然不能。那么为什么这位科学家会这么说呢？那是因为每种颜色都代表着一种具有特定波长的光。这种光通过感觉器官传达到我们的大脑。 根据这一发现，科学家们表示，人们会接受自己喜欢的颜色，拒绝自己讨厌的颜色。所以使用你喜欢的颜色会让你的身心保持健康。否则你会紧张甚至生病。例如，如果你在一个有红色窗户、墙纸和家具的房间里待上两个小时，你会觉得你已经在那里待了四个小时。但如果房间是蓝色的，你会觉得你只在那里待了一个小时。另一个例子，如果一个人走出一个红色的房间，进入一个蓝色的房间，他的体温会下降。这意味着我们的体温会随着不同的颜色而变化。 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点12 定语从句之关系代词用法 （初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段，重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系代词用法，who（人）、which（物）、that（人或物）。 高中阶段，除了初中阶段的关系代词，高中还会学习 whose（表示所有格）、whom（指人，作宾语）、as等。掌握更复杂的定语从句结构，包括省略关系代词和分隔式定语从句的使用。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 · 关系代词 "who"： The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（站在那里的女孩是我的妹妹。） · 关系代词 "which"： The book which I read last night was very interesting.（我昨晚读的那本书非常有趣。） · 关系代词 "that"： The house that we bought last year is very spacious.（我们去年买的房子非常宽敞。） 1．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。 2．Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time. A．/ B．those C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了节省时间，很多95后的中国年轻人都采用上门做饭的方式。 考查定语从句引导词。that引导定语从句时，先行词是人/物，在句中作主语或宾语；those那些，指示代词；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物，在句中作主语或宾语。空后“...were born after 1995”在句中作定语修饰名词，先行词Chinese young people，指人，且空处在句中作主语，所以用who引导，故选D。 3．The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction. A．who B．which C．whom D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年竣工的航天广场已成为一个新的旅游景点。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，“...was completed last year”是作定语修饰The Aerospace Square，所以是定语从句，先行词是物，空处在句中作主语，所以用关系词which引导。故选B。 4．The boy with ________ John is talking is my elder brother. A．whom B．who C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：和约翰说话的那个男孩是我哥哥。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是The boy，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，用此处用whom引导定语从句。故选A。 5．—I want a partner to practice roller skating. —My friend is a person ______ skill is very great. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想找一个搭档练习轮滑。——我的朋友是一个技术非常高超的人。 考查定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；who在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom在从句中作宾语，先行词指人；whose在从句中作定语，先行词指物或人。分析句子结构可知，先行词为指人的“a person”，根据“My friend is a person…skill is very great.”的语境可知，此处应用whose，修饰skill，作定语。故选D。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 使用关系代词 "whose"：表示所有格，用于指人或物。 The man whose car was stolen is very upset.（他的车被偷了的那个男人非常不安。） · 使用关系代词 "whom"：用作宾语，指人。 The scientist whom we invited will give us a lecture next week.（我们邀请的那位科学家下周将给我们做讲座。） · 关系代词的省略：在定语从句中，当关系代词作宾语时，可以省略。 The book that I read is interesting.（我读的那本书很有趣。） · 分隔式定语从句：定语从句不紧跟在先行词之后，而是被其他成分隔开。 The book, which I read last week, is very interesting.（我上周读的那本书非常有趣。） 考点清单 ▇ 定义及相关术语 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 总结1： 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6. 关系副词有：when, where, why等 总结2： ▇ 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2.whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 4.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。 5.whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. =The house of which the windows are broken is empty. 注意：whose+n.=the+n.+of which=of which+the+n. 6.as 当先行词受so, such, the same 修饰时使用。 如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不像他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。 如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 因此，the same...as... 指同一类或相似的事物 the same...that... 指同一个事物 ▇ 定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况 1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. The only thing that is constant is change. There was little that we could do to help her. 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。（避免引导词的重复出现） Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。 She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be. He is not the man (that) he seems. ▇ 定语从句中只能用which引导的情况 1.当关系代词的前面有介词时 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. Is this the room in which Mr. White lives? 2.在非限制性定语从句中 Crusoe’s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died . More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. 3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which.（了解即可） Let me show you the novel, which I borrowed from the library that was newly open to us. 4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时 Here’s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. 5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which What’s that which she is looking at? ▇ 定语从句中只能用who引导的情况 在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。 1.先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. 2.先行词是those时，宜用who。 No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. 3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。 I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province. 4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who（指人）。指物时，也可以用that。 There is a young man who wants to see your father. There are many old men who are against this plan. There is a rule that should be obeyed. 注意事项： 1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词； 2.掌握定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句）和引导词的特点（关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语）及引导词的使用限定； 3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则（断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别） 1．Tu Youyou is the scientist discovery has led to the development of new drugs. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦是一位其发现促成了新药研发的科学家。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为the scientist，关系词在从句中作定语修饰后面名词discovery，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 2．Did you know the man is standing at the school gate? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你认识那个正站在学校门口的男人吗？“_______ is standing at the school gate”是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man，指人，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who/that。 3．A typhoon is an extremely strong wind often happens on the Western Pacific Ocean. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：台风是一种极强的风，经常发生在西太平洋。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为wind，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 4．Those dreams come true are always determined and never give up. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些梦想成真的人总是意志坚定且从不放弃。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为Those，指代人，在从句中作定语，修饰dreams，即“那些人的梦想”，所以应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 5．The only book I have read recently is about the history of science. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】略 6．Please underline the words meaning you don't know. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【解析】略 7．She spent the whole evening talking about the things and people none of us has ever heard of. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】略 8．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere can make the audience fully immersed in the music. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：音乐厅拥有最美妙的氛围，可以让观众完全沉浸在音乐中。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词atmosphere被最高级the most wonderful修饰，因此关系代词只能用that，故填that。 9．Peter with sister I share a room in the university, has a good knowledge of computer programming. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大学里，我和彼得的姐姐共用一个房间，彼得精通计算机编程。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为Peter，指人，在从句中作定语，修饰名词sister，和sister之间是所属关系，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 10．Festivals are occasions allow us to forget about our work for a little while. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：节日是能让我们暂时忘却工作的时刻。空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 11．Boys, please don’t talk about such things you don’t understand at all. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们，请不要谈论你们根本不懂的事情。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词things在从句中作宾语，且先行词被such修饰，因此用关系代词as，故填as。 12．As someone grew up in the country, Zhang already knew about growing plants. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为一个在农村长大的人，张已经知道如何种植植物。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词为someone，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导。故填who。 13．You may not control all the events happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你可能无法控制发生在你身上的所有事情，但你可以决定不被它们击垮。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为all the events，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用that引导，故填that。 14．Do you know the name of that girl brother is your roommate? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道那个哥哥是你室友的女孩的名字吗？“____ brother is your roommate”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词that girl，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，表示“那个女孩的哥哥”，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 15．I have the same magazine you bought just now. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我有和你刚才买的一样的杂志。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是magazine，指物，且被the same修饰，关系词代替先行词在从句中作bought的宾语，当先行词被the same修饰时，定语从句的引导词用as或that引导，且此处不是同一本杂志，用as引导。故填as。 16．This is the most beautiful park I have visited. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我参观过的最美丽的公园。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词park，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作visited的宾语，因先行词被最高级most beautiful修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 17．The room windows face north is mine. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：窗户朝北的那个房间是我的。空处引导定语从句，先行词是the roon，在从句中作定语，用whose引导。故填whose。 18．The photo he showed me was taken when he was 5 years old. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给我看的那张照片是他5岁时拍的。空处引导定语从句，先行词是photo，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that/which引导，故填that/which。 19．The mountain peak is covered in snow attracts many climbers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那座山顶覆盖着雪的山吸引了很多登山者。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The mountain，从句中peak与The mountain是所属关系，表示“山的山顶”，所以应该用关系词whose引导定语从句 。故填 whose。 20．Disneyland is the most unforgettable place I have ever been to. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：迪士尼乐园是我去过的最难忘的地方。此处引导限制性定语从句，指事物，作宾语，且先行词被最高级修饰，用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 一、完成句子 1．This is _____________________________ I’ve seen since I came to Huazhou. 这是我来化州后看的第一部电影。 【答案】 【详解】考查数词和定语从句。根据中英文提示，“第一”用序数词first；句中先行词为film，且被序数词修饰 ，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导。故填the first film that。 2．这就是那位全国知名的科学家。 This is the scientist _____________________________all over the country. (whose) 【答案】whose name is known 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构，此处应为关系词whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词scientist，表示“全国知名的科学家”可转述为“科学家的名字被全国所知”，所以从句的主语应为“名字”name，与先行词the scientist之间为所属关系，所以使用whose引导定语从句；表示“知道”应为know，与name之间为被动关系，结合句意以及主句的谓语动词is可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语name为第三人称单数，所以从句的谓语动词为is known。故填whose name is known。 3．比尔说他在中国参观的第一个地方是故宫博物院。 Bill said that _____________________________ was the Palace Museum. 【答案】the first place that he visited in China 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“第一个地方”应为the first place作宾语从句的主语，表示“他在中国参观的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the first place；分析句意可知，关系词在从句中作宾语，所以使用关系代词引导定语从句，先行词被序数词修饰，所以此处使用关系代词that，表示“他”应为he作定语从句的主语，表示“参观”应为visit作定语从句的谓语，根据谓语动词was可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为visited，表示“在中国”应为in China，所以定语从句应译为that he visited in China。故填the first place that he visited in China。 4．我永远不会忘记发生在我的童年里的那个意外事件，它给我留下了很深的印象。（that引导定语从句） Never will I forget the accident _____________________________, which left a deep impression on me. 【答案】that happened in my childhood 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意和提示可知，此处应为that引导的定语从句，表示“发生”应为happen，表示“在我的童年里”应为in my childhood，所以，从句谓语动词应为一般过去时，即谓语动词为happened，分析句子结构可知，先行词the accident在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that happened in my childhood。 5．我们学校有丰富多彩的旨在扩大我们视野的课外活动。 There are colorful after­class activities in our school________________________________________． 【答案】that/which are designed/aimed to broaden our horizons 【详解】考查定语从句。该空缺少的是定语部分“旨在扩大我们视野的”修饰先行词activities，应使用关系代词that或which作从句主语，谓语部分使用be designed/aimed to；“扩大我们视野”使用动词短语 broaden our horizons。根据主句时态及句意判断从句也应使用一般现在时。故填that/which are designed to broaden our horizons。 二、阅读理解 There are many colors in nature. But do you know if a color has weight? I think you’ll say “no”. But I am afraid you are wrong. If you don’t believe, you may do a small experiment. First, put two objects with the same weight into two boxes. Then cover the box. Third, wrap one box with a red piece of paper, the other with a white piece of paper. OK. Now hold the boxes with your hand one by one. It is certain that you will think the red one is a little heavier. Why do you think so? A scientist found that different colors have different weight in a man’s mind. So he did many tests and at last he got the result. That is to say, every color has its own weight in our mind and their order is the same. The heaviest color is red, then blue, green, orange, yellow and white. The scientist told us that colors also have smell. Can you smell the colour? Of course not. Then why did the scientist say so? That is because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wave length. It reaches our brain through sense organs (器官). According to this discovery, scientists say that people accept the colors they like, and refuse the colors they hate. So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colors you like. Or you’ll be nervous or even get ill. For example, if you stay in a room with red windows, wallpapers and furniture for two hours, you’ll feel you have been there for four hours. But if the room is blue, you’ll feel you have been there for only an hour. Another example, if a person walks out of a red room and into a blue room, his temperature will fall. That means our body temperature will change with different colors. 1．The purpose of the second paragraph is to tell us________. A．a red box is heavier than a white one B．a color has weight in one’s mind C．white paper is lighter than red paper D．you can know the weight of a color by holding it 2．Why did the scientist say colors have smell? A．Because people can sense the light from colors. B．Because we can smell colors with our nose. C．Because every color has its own sweet smell. D．Because every color can give off light of the same length. 3．It can be implied from the text that ________. A．colors have orders in weight B．colors can change the weight of an object C．people would stay longer in a room with red windows D．colors can affect our mood and health 4．This passage is probably a ________. A．book review B．science report C．fairy tale D．fiction novel 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了颜色在人脑中具有“重量”和“气味”的科学发现，并探讨了颜色对情绪、健康及生理的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“First, put two objects with the same weight into two boxes. Then cover the box. Third, wrap one box with a red piece of paper, the other with a white piece of paper. OK. Now hold the boxes with your hand one by one. It is certain that you will think the red one is a little heavier.(首先，把两个重量相同的物体分别放入两个盒子里。然后盖上盒子。接着，用一张红色的纸包裹其中一个盒子，用一张白色的纸包裹另一个盒子。好了。现在用手逐个拿起这两个盒子。可以肯定的是，你会觉得红色包装的那个盒子稍微重一些)”可知，该段描述了一个实验，把两个相同重量的物体分别放在用红纸和白纸包着的盒子里，然后用手拿盒子，会感觉红盒子重一些。结合第三段中“A scientist found that different colors have different weight in a man’s mind.(一位科学家发现，不同的颜色在人的意识中具有不同的重量)”可推知，第二段的目的是告诉我们颜色在人们心中有重量。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The scientist told us that colors also have smell. Can you smell the colour? Of course not. Then why did the scientist say so? That is because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wave length. It reaches our brain through sense organs (器官).(这位科学家告诉我们，颜色也有气味。你能闻到颜色的气味吗？当然不能。那么为什么这位科学家会这么说呢？那是因为每种颜色都代表着一种具有特定波长的光。这种光通过感觉器官传达到我们的大脑)”可知，科学家说颜色有气味是因为人们能感知到来自颜色的光。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“According to this discovery, scientists say that people accept the colors they like, and refuse the colors they hate. So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colors you like. Or you’ll be nervous or even get ill.(根据这一发现，科学家们表示，人们会接受自己喜欢的颜色，拒绝自己讨厌的颜色。所以使用你喜欢的颜色会让你的身心保持健康。否则你会紧张甚至生病)”以及后面所举的例子可以推断出，颜色会影响我们的情绪和健康。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There are many colors in nature. But do you know if a color has weight? I think you’ll say “no”. But I am afraid you are wrong. If you don’t believe, you may do a small experiment.(自然界中有许多颜色。但是你知道一种颜色是否有重量吗？我想你会说“没有”。但恐怕你错了。如果你不相信，你可以做一个小实验)”以及后文通过实验说明颜色在人意识里有重量，接着阐述颜色有气味的原因，最后说明颜色对人的情绪、健康等方面的影响，是关于科学研究和发现的内容。由此推断这篇文章可能是一篇科学报告。故选B。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 experiment n. 实验 wavelength n. 波长 sense organ n. 感觉器官 nervous adj. 紧张的，焦虑的 temperature n. 温度 长难句分析 原句：That is because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wave length. 译文：那是因为每种颜色都代表着一种具有特定波长的光。 分析：本句为主从复合句。“That is” 为主句，“because every color stands for a kind of light with a certain wave length” 为 because 引导的表语从句，在从句中 “with a certain wave length” 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “a kind of light”。 中文翻译 自然界中有许多颜色。但是你知道一种颜色是否有重量吗？我想你会说 “没有”。但恐怕你错了。如果你不相信，你可以做一个小实验。 首先，把两个重量相同的物体分别放入两个盒子里。然后盖上盒子。接着，用一张红色的纸包裹其中一个盒子，用一张白色的纸包裹另一个盒子。好了。现在用手逐个拿起这两个盒子。可以肯定的是，你会觉得红色包装的那个盒子稍微重一些。 你为什么会这么想？一位科学家发现，不同的颜色在人的意识中具有不同的重量。所以他做了很多测试，最后得到了结果。也就是说，每种颜色在我们的意识中都有自己的重量，而且它们的顺序是相同的。最重的颜色是红色，然后是蓝色、绿色、橙色、黄色和白色。 这位科学家告诉我们，颜色也有气味。你能闻到颜色的气味吗？当然不能。那么为什么这位科学家会这么说呢？那是因为每种颜色都代表着一种具有特定波长的光。这种光通过感觉器官传达到我们的大脑。 根据这一发现，科学家们表示，人们会接受自己喜欢的颜色，拒绝自己讨厌的颜色。所以使用你喜欢的颜色会让你的身心保持健康。否则你会紧张甚至生病。例如，如果你在一个有红色窗户、墙纸和家具的房间里待上两个小时，你会觉得你已经在那里待了四个小时。但如果房间是蓝色的，你会觉得你只在那里待了一个小时。另一个例子，如果一个人走出一个红色的房间，进入一个蓝色的房间，他的体温会下降。这意味着我们的体温会随着不同的颜色而变化。 4 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$