衔接点13 定语从句之关系副词用法（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

衔接点13 定语从句之关系副词用法 （初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系副词用法，when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）。 高中阶段的学习要求学生能够灵活运用这些关系副词，并在更复杂的语境中准确表达意思。在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词+关系代词互相转换。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 · 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，引导定语从句。 This is the place where we first met.（这是我们第一次见面的地方。） · 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，引导定语从句。 I will never forget the day when we graduated.（我永远不会忘记我们毕业的那一天。） · 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，引导定语从句。 The reason why he was late is unclear.（他迟到的原因尚不清楚。） 1．I still miss the day ________ I met Lucy for the first time. A．who B．which C．where D．when 2．This is the factory ________ my father once worked. A．when B．where C．which D．that 3．The reason ________ he didn’t come to the party is that he was ill. A．when B．where C．why D．which 4．I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when D．who 5．—What do you know about the Mid-Autumn Festival? —It’s a festival _______ people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon. A．which B．when C．where D．that 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，相当于 "in which" 或 "at which"。 This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.（这是我们看到了那幅名画的博物馆。） · 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，相当于 "at which" 或 "on which"。 I remember the summer when we first moved to this city.（我记得我们第一次搬到这个城市的那个夏天。） · 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，相当于 "for which"。 The reason why he was absent is that he was sick.（他缺席的原因是生病了。） · 关系副词与介词的组合：在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词结合使用。 The house in which we live is very old.（我们住的那所房子非常古老。） 考点清单 一、 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 二、关系代词和关系副词之比较择 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 关系代词前介词的确定依据： (1).根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 1992 is the year in which you were born. (2).根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配（介词提前） The school to which I was sent was very large. Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3).根据定语从句的意义 The air, without which we can’t live. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 4．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 1．Is there a shop nearby I can buy some sweets? （用适当的词填空） 2．Could you give me the reason you are always late for handing in your homework? (用适当的词填空) 3．It was an exciting moment Eileen Gu won the gold medal in freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics in Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 4．The town my grandparents live is surrounded by beautiful mountains. (用适当的词填空) 5．This thing has come to a stage I am unable to deal with it by myself. (用适当的词填空) 6．The movie brings me the hours I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. (用适当的词填空) 7．We live in a digital culture information spreads at an astonishing speed. (用适当的词填空) 8．In a word, we have now reached a point we wish to enjoy and understand literature. (用适当的词填空) 9．Cafes often create a cozy atmosphere people can relax and connect with others. (用适当的词填空) 10．The reason he was late for the ceremony was that he got stuck in traffic. (用适当的词填空) 11．Mrs Black went back to the same place she had found the ring. (用适当的词填空) 12．It is a challenging job you are doing something serious but interesting. (用适当的词填空) 13．I will always remember the hours we lived together. (用适当的词填空) 14．Attending the charity event was an occasion I realized the importance of giving back to the community. (用适当的词填空) 15．They joined an online group they talked about their problems and got support and advice from others. (用适当的词填空) 一、完成句子 1．足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。 There football is my favorite sport. 2．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 3．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 4．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 5．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 二、阅读理解 There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”, I didn’t know what it meant. Realising I didn’t follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged. Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English. 1．When Lily used the word “larder”, she was probably looking for a _________. A．cup B．ladder C．cupboard D．cooker 2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrote down. B．Left behind. C．Looked for. D．Settled down. 3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because _________. A．she thought the game was boring B．she wanted to spend time with her boys C．she didn’t dress her boys in thick clothes D．her boys lost their way 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The British way of using words. B．Some new words the writer’s British friends taught her. C．The reasons why Americans can’t follow the British at times. D．Some words used differently in British English and American English. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 larder n. 食物贮藏室 jotted down v. 写下，记下 regretted v. 后悔，惋惜 pissed adj. 喝醉的（英式英语） rubber n. 橡皮（英式英语）；橡胶 长难句分析 原句：When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. 译文：当她注意到他不理解她的意思时，她很快要了一块橡皮，在英国，橡皮通常被称为 “rubber”。 分析：本句为主从复合句。“When she noticed he didn’t follow her” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句，“she quickly asked for an eraser” 为主句，“which, in England, is often called a rubber” 为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 an eraser，在从句中 “in England” 为插入语。 中文翻译 美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异。有些差异非常有趣。 当我来自伦敦的朋友莉莉使用 “larder” 这个词时，我不知道它是什么意思。意识到我不理解她的意思后，她换了另一个词。我最终知道她是想找个东西来存放一些食物。下一个词出现在我们计划午餐约会的时候。她在日记里记下了日期和时间，而我在日历上做了标记。如果她给我打电话，她会说 “ring me up”。但如果线路忙，她会说 “the line was engaged”。 大多数时候，我能理解莉莉的意思。上周，她后悔送她的儿子们去看一场清晨的网球比赛，而且他们没有穿羊毛套衫。我认为她的意思是他们没有穿夹克或类似的衣服。其他时候，我们不得不互相询问。她最近给我讲了一个关于一个 “pissed” 的女人的有趣故事。我很好奇是什么让这位女士如此生气。原来 “pissed” 在英式英语中是 “喝醉” 的意思。 这里还有一个例子。我的英国朋友简最近在杂货店填一张票。她问那个年轻人有没有 “rubber”。当她注意到他不理解她的意思时，她很快要了一块橡皮，在英国，橡皮通常被称为 “rubber”。 为了与英国人良好沟通，我们美国人应该学习一些英国人使用不同的单词。我认为把英语作为第二语言学习的人也应该意识到美式英语和英式英语之间存在差异。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点13 定语从句之关系副词用法 （初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段重点在于识别定语从句的基本结构，掌握基本的关系副词用法，when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）。 高中阶段的学习要求学生能够灵活运用这些关系副词，并在更复杂的语境中准确表达意思。在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词+关系代词互相转换。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 · 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，引导定语从句。 This is the place where we first met.（这是我们第一次见面的地方。） · 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，引导定语从句。 I will never forget the day when we graduated.（我永远不会忘记我们毕业的那一天。） · 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，引导定语从句。 The reason why he was late is unclear.（他迟到的原因尚不清楚。） 1．I still miss the day ________ I met Lucy for the first time. A．who B．which C．where D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我仍然怀念第一次见到露西的那一天。 考查定语从句。根据“I still miss the day…I met Lucy for the first time.”可知，本句为定语从句，先行词是day，表示时间，关系词用when引导定语从句，表示“在那一天”。故选D。 2．This is the factory ________ my father once worked. A．when B．where C．which D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我父亲曾经工作过的工厂。 考查定语从句关系词。when在何时，在定语从句中作时间状语；where在哪里，在定语从句中作地点状语；which哪一个，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；that那，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语，指代人或物。此句中先行词是“factory”，表示地点，关系词在从句“my father once worked”中作地点状语，即“在工厂里工作”，应用关系副词where。故选B。 3．The reason ________ he didn’t come to the party is that he was ill. A．when B．where C．why D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有来参加派对的原因是他生病了。 考查why引导的定语从句。when在那时，先行词指时间；where在那里，先行词指地点；why……的原因，先行词是reason；which……的那一个，先行词指物。先行词是“the reason”，在从句“he didn't come to the party”中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。故选C。 4．I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天上学迟到的原因。 考查定语从句的关系词。why为什么；where在哪里；when当…时；who谁。根据句意和句子结构可知，此空应填关系副词why，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，并在从句中作状语，表示原因。故选A。 5．—What do you know about the Mid-Autumn Festival? —It’s a festival _______ people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon. A．which B．when C．where D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你对中秋节了解多少？——这是一个人们通常吃月饼和赏月的节日。 考查定语从句。根据“It’s a festival…people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon.”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是festival，表示时间概念，从句中缺时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选B。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 关系副词 "where"：用于指代地点，相当于 "in which" 或 "at which"。 This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.（这是我们看到了那幅名画的博物馆。） · 关系副词 "when"：用于指代时间，相当于 "at which" 或 "on which"。 I remember the summer when we first moved to this city.（我记得我们第一次搬到这个城市的那个夏天。） · 关系副词 "why"：用于指代原因，相当于 "for which"。 The reason why he was absent is that he was sick.（他缺席的原因是生病了。） · 关系副词与介词的组合：在某些情况下，关系副词可以与特定的介词结合使用。 The house in which we live is very old.（我们住的那所房子非常古老。） 考点清单 一、 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case, point, situation, circumstance, activity… Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I’ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。 Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。 The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 二、关系代词和关系副词之比较择 （看从句是否缺少成分，缺什么补什么） 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较： A.I know a place where（作状语） we can have a picnic. I know a place which/that（作主语） is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B.I will never forget the days when（作状语） we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which（作宾语） we spent together. C.This is the reason why（作状语） he was dismissed（解雇）. This is the reason that/which（作宾语） he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 因此，在定语从句中，如果从句缺少成分，我们要选择关系代词，否则就选关系副词。选关系副词时，还要注意指代的对象，是时间（when）、地点（where）、还是原因（why）。 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 　和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。 注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。 关系代词前介词的确定依据： (1).根据先行词的习惯搭配 They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. 1992 is the year in which you were born. (2).根据定语从句中动词所需习惯搭配（介词提前） The school to which I was sent was very large. Hong Kong is the city from which he comes. (3).根据定语从句的意义 The air, without which we can’t live. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking. (误) 2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) 3．“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 4．在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café, whose walls (＝the walls of which) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 I live next door to a couple whose children (＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。 1．Is there a shop nearby I can buy some sweets? （用适当的词填空） 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：附近有没有一家我可以买糖果的商店？分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为shop，在从句中作地点状语，即“在这家商店里我可以买糖果”，所以应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 2．Could you give me the reason you are always late for handing in your homework? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能告诉我你交作业总是迟到的原因吗？空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的原因，作原因状语，应用关系副词why作引导词。故填why。 3．It was an exciting moment Eileen Gu won the gold medal in freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics in Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当谷爱凌在北京冬奥会自由式滑雪比赛中获得金牌时，那是一个激动人心的时刻。空处引导定语从句，先行词an exciting moment，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 4．The town my grandparents live is surrounded by beautiful mountains. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我祖父母居住的那个城镇被美丽的群山环绕。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The town表示地点，且从句中不缺主语和宾语，因此应用关系副词where引导该定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 5．This thing has come to a stage I am unable to deal with it by myself. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这件事已经发展到一个我无法独自处理它的阶段了。分析句子结构，“This thing has come to a stage”为主句，后面部分为定语从句，用于修饰先行词stage，在定语从句“I am unable to deal with it by myself”中，先行词stage在从句里作地点状语，相当于“in this stage”，当定语从句中先行词在从句中作地点状语时，要用关系副词where来引导从句。故填where。 6．The movie brings me the hours I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影让我回想起小时候和朋友们在社区公园玩耍的时光，那时我们无忧无虑地笑着。分析句子结构可知，“_____ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park”为定语从句，修饰先行词“the hours”，先行词是一个表示时间的名词短语，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以应该用关系副词“when”来引导该定语从句。故填when。 7．We live in a digital culture information spreads at an astonishing speed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在这样一个数字化的环境中，信息的传播速度之快令人惊叹。空处引导定语从句，先行词culture，在从句作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．In a word, we have now reached a point we wish to enjoy and understand literature. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：总之，我们现在已经到了一个我们希望享受和理解文学的阶段。“we wish to enjoy and understand literature”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a point，这里的point意为“阶段、程度”，表示抽象的地点，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 9．Cafes often create a cozy atmosphere people can relax and connect with others. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：咖啡馆常常营造一种舒适的氛围，人们可以在其中放松并与他人交流。此处需要填入一个关系词来引导定语从句修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词为物，引导词在从句中作状语，应使用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故填where。 10．The reason he was late for the ceremony was that he got stuck in traffic. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他出席典礼迟到的原因是他遇上了交通堵塞。空格处引导限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason是原因，因此用关系副词why引导定语从句，故填why。 11．Mrs Black went back to the same place she had found the ring. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：布莱克夫人回到了她发现戒指的地方。空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词place，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 12．It is a challenging job you are doing something serious but interesting. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是一份具有挑战性的工作，你要做一些严肃但有趣的事情。job为先行词。在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 13．I will always remember the hours we lived together. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将永远记得我们共同生活的时光。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，句子主句为“I will always remember the hours”，后接定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours，从句需补充时间状语，因此可使用关系副词when引导。故填when。 14．Attending the charity event was an occasion I realized the importance of giving back to the community. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：参加慈善活动让我意识到回馈社会的重要性。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是occasion，关系词代替它在从句中充当时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 15．They joined an online group they talked about their problems and got support and advice from others. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们加入了一个在线小组，在那里他们谈论自己的问题，并从其他人那里得到支持和建议。空处引导定语从句，先行词为an online group，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填where。 一、完成句子 1．足球是我最喜欢的运动的原因有很多。 There football is my favorite sport. 【答案】There are many reasons why 【详解】考查there be句型和定语从句。“有”使用there be句型，“很多”使用形容词many作定语，“原因”使用名词复数reasons，作主语，“足球是我最喜欢的运动的”译为一个定语从句，修饰reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，使用关系副词why引导，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are，故填There are many reasons why。 2．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, the moment _____________________________ will definitely come. 【答案】when your dream comes true 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意，表示“你梦想成真的”应为定语从句修饰先行词the moment，表示“你的梦想”应为your dream作定语从句的主语，表示“成真”应为come true，根据句意可知，该句描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，主语为名词单数，所以定语从句的谓语动词应为comes true，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词the moment表时间，所以此处使用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when your dream comes true。 3．她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。 She's got herself into a dangerous situation . 【答案】where she’s likely to lose her life 【详解】考查定语从句。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分是“有可能丢掉性命”，表示“她”应用she；表示“有可能做某事”应用固定搭配be likely to do sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为she，be动词用is；表示“丢掉性命”应用lose her life，此处lose使用动词原形；表示“有可能丢掉性命”应用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系副词在从句中作地点状语。故填where she’s likely to lose her life。 4．他是你能求助的人。 He is the man you can turn for help. 【答案】to whom 【详解】考查定语从句和固定搭配。turn to sb. for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人求助”，空处引导定语从句，先行词the man，指人，在定语从句中作to的宾语，需用关系代词whom，引导。故填to whom。 5．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示在某一天应用介词on，在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为day，所以应用关系代词which。故填on which。 二、阅读理解 There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”, I didn’t know what it meant. Realising I didn’t follow her, she used another word. I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. The next word came up when we were planning a lunch date. She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. If she called me on the phone, she would ring me up. But if the line was busy, she would say the line was engaged. Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. Here is one more example. My British friend Jane was filling out a ticket at the grocery store recently. She asked the young man if he had a rubber. When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. In order to communicate well with the British, we Americans should learn some words that the British use differently. And I think people who learn English as a second language should also realize that there are differences between American English and British English. 1．When Lily used the word “larder”, she was probably looking for a _________. A．cup B．ladder C．cupboard D．cooker 2．What does the underlined phrase “jotted down” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Wrote down. B．Left behind. C．Looked for. D．Settled down. 3．Last week, Lily regretted sending her boys to watch a tennis game mainly because _________. A．she thought the game was boring B．she wanted to spend time with her boys C．she didn’t dress her boys in thick clothes D．her boys lost their way 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The British way of using words. B．Some new words the writer’s British friends taught her. C．The reasons why Americans can’t follow the British at times. D．Some words used differently in British English and American English. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异，并通过作者与来自伦敦的朋友莉莉以及英国朋友简的交流实例，具体呈现了这些差异在词汇使用上的体现。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When my friend Lily from London used the word “larder”,I didn’t know what it meant.Realising I didn’t follow her,she used another word.I finally knew she wanted to find something to keep some food. (当我来自伦敦的朋友莉莉使用“larder”这个词时，我不知道它是什么意思。意识到我不理解她的意思后，她换了另一个词。我最终知道她是想找个东西来存放一些食物。)”可知，莉莉使用“larder”这个词时是在找能存放食物的东西，所以应是cupboard(橱柜)。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“She jotted down the date and time in her diary, while I marked my calendar. (她在日记里 了日期和时间，而我在日历上做了标记。)”，“while”表示对比关系，“marked my calendar (在日历上做标记)”意思是记录日期和时间，由此可推测“jotted down”的意思与记录相关，所以应和wrote down同义，意为“写下”。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. (上周，她后悔送她的儿子们去看一场清晨的网球比赛，而且他们没有穿羊毛套衫。我认为她的意思是他们没有穿夹克或类似的衣服。)”可知，莉莉后悔送儿子去看比赛是因为儿子们没有穿像羊毛套衫、夹克这类厚衣服，而清晨的天气可能较冷，没穿厚衣服容易受冻。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There are some differences between American English and British English. Some differences are quite interesting. (美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异。有些差异非常有趣。)”，可知美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异；根据第三段“Most times, I can know what Lily means. Last week, she regretted sending her boys to watch an early morning tennis game without their fleeces. I thought that she meant without their jackets or something like those. Other times, we have to ask each other. She recently told me a funny tale about a woman who was pissed. I wondered what had made the lady angry. It turns out that pissed means drunk. (大多数时候，我能理解莉莉的意思。上周，她后悔没让她的孩子们穿上厚衣服去看一场清晨的网球赛。我原以为她是指没让他们带夹克之类的东西。其他时候，我们不得不互相询问。她最近给我讲了一个关于一个愤怒的女人的有趣故事。我很好奇是什么让这位女士如此生气。原来“pissed”在这里是“喝醉”的意思。)”可知，作者通过与莉莉、简的交流事例，详细说明了在词汇使用方面英式英语和美式英语的不同之处。故选D项。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 larder n. 食物贮藏室 jotted down v. 写下，记下 regretted v. 后悔，惋惜 pissed adj. 喝醉的（英式英语） rubber n. 橡皮（英式英语）；橡胶 长难句分析 原句：When she noticed he didn’t follow her, she quickly asked for an eraser, which, in England, is often called a rubber. 译文：当她注意到他不理解她的意思时，她很快要了一块橡皮，在英国，橡皮通常被称为 “rubber”。 分析：本句为主从复合句。“When she noticed he didn’t follow her” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句，“she quickly asked for an eraser” 为主句，“which, in England, is often called a rubber” 为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 an eraser，在从句中 “in England” 为插入语。 中文翻译 美式英语和英式英语之间存在一些差异。有些差异非常有趣。 当我来自伦敦的朋友莉莉使用 “larder” 这个词时，我不知道它是什么意思。意识到我不理解她的意思后，她换了另一个词。我最终知道她是想找个东西来存放一些食物。下一个词出现在我们计划午餐约会的时候。她在日记里记下了日期和时间，而我在日历上做了标记。如果她给我打电话，她会说 “ring me up”。但如果线路忙，她会说 “the line was engaged”。 大多数时候，我能理解莉莉的意思。上周，她后悔送她的儿子们去看一场清晨的网球比赛，而且他们没有穿羊毛套衫。我认为她的意思是他们没有穿夹克或类似的衣服。其他时候，我们不得不互相询问。她最近给我讲了一个关于一个 “pissed” 的女人的有趣故事。我很好奇是什么让这位女士如此生气。原来 “pissed” 在英式英语中是 “喝醉” 的意思。 这里还有一个例子。我的英国朋友简最近在杂货店填一张票。她问那个年轻人有没有 “rubber”。当她注意到他不理解她的意思时，她很快要了一块橡皮，在英国，橡皮通常被称为 “rubber”。 为了与英国人良好沟通，我们美国人应该学习一些英国人使用不同的单词。我认为把英语作为第二语言学习的人也应该意识到美式英语和英式英语之间存在差异。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$