课时作业(34)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(三十四)　Unit 3　Sea Exploration Ⅰ.阅读理解 A★ (2025·大连二模)Though shark attacks can be a rare occurrence, there have been 46 publicly reported shark attacks so far this year.Then why do sharks attack humans? Here's everything we know. Shark attacks are often put into different categories: provoked (被挑衅) and unprovoked.“Unprovoked bites” are defined as incidents in which a bite on a human occurs in the shark's natural habitat with no human provocation of the shark.“Provoked bites” occur when a human starts interacting with a shark in some way.For instance, when divers are bitten after attacking or trying to touch sharks. Roger Tabor, a biologist and naturalist, says, “There is no evidence that sharks specifically hunt people.” Nowadays, a theory called the Mistaken Identity Hypothesis (假说) explains shark bites on surfers, swimmers and divers as “mistakes，” which typically means that sharks might confuse humans with their typical prey (猎物).Mr.Tabor says surfing has previously been linked to shark attacks because the sudden movement, similar to an animal suddenly moving back, or bright parts of wetsuits reflecting looking like a fish, can cause a response in the visually oriented (导向的) great white. In a paper published by Eric Clua, a marine biologist and Carl Meyer, a biologist at the University of Hawaii, in the Brill Journal, they look at the MIH theory.The paper says that although MlH may now be “widely” accepted by the general public and the scientific community, there are still some unknown gaps.“This hypothesis ignores the important role of other senses (e.g.hearing) in discriminating potential prey，” the paper says.The authors also note that shark bites which occur in clear water cannot always be explained by MIH.It adds，“To put it simply, sharks don't make ‘mistakes’ but instead continually explore their environments and routinely investigate novel objects as potential prey by biting them.” Climate change may be another reason for seeing an increase in shark attacks.Mr.Tabor says, “Global warming and habitat damage can move marine species including seals and sharks.That can bring larger sharks more into contact with beaches, with people.” 1．What can we learn about sharks from paragraph 2? A．They tend to bite humans purposely. B．They are frequently targeted at divers. C．They are potentially risky to interact with. D．They don't attack people unless disturbed. 2．Why do sharks attack people according to Mr.Tabor? A．Bright wetsuits damage sharks' vision. B．Sharks have quite a poor sense of sight. C．Sharks merely take people for their prey. D．Global warming results in their violence. 3．What is Eric Clua and Carl Meyer' attitude toward the MIH theory? A．Supportive.　　　　B．Doubtful. C．Carefree. D．Tolerant. 4．What do the authors think accounts for sharks' bites on people? A．Desire to seek new food sources. B．Lack of underwater creatures as prey. C．Constant transformation of the environment. D．Incompetence of distinguishing novel objects. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于鲨鱼攻击人类的原因，包括误认为人类是猎物的假设，以及全球变暖和栖息地破坏导致海洋生物，包括海豹和鲨鱼的迁移，使得鲨鱼更多地接触到海滩和人类。 1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“‘Unprovoked bites’ are defined as incidents in which a bite on a human occurs in the shark's natural habitat with no human provocation of the shark.‘Provoked bites’ occur when a human starts interacting with a shark in some way.(‘无挑衅性袭击’被定义为在鲨鱼的自然栖息地发生的对人类的咬伤，没有人类挑衅鲨鱼。‘挑衅性咬伤’发生在人类开始以某种方式与鲨鱼互动时。)”可推知，与鲨鱼互动可能会引发鲨鱼的攻击，故选C。 2．C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Mr.Tabor says surfing has previously been linked to shark attacks because the sudden movement, similar to an animal suddenly moving back, or bright parts of wetsuits reflecting looking like a fish, can cause a response in the visually oriented (导向的) great white(塔博尔先生说，冲浪以前曾与鲨鱼攻击有关，因为突然的动作，类似于动物突然后退，或者潜水服的亮部反射看起来像鱼，可以引起视觉导向的大白鲨的反应。)”可推知，鲨鱼可能会将人类误认为是它们的猎物，故选C。 3．B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The paper says that although MlH may now be ‘widely’ accepted by the general public and the scientific community, there are still some unknown gaps.(该论文指出，尽管MlH现在可能已经被公众和科学界‘广泛’接受，但仍然存在一些未知的空白。)”可推知，Eric Clua和Carl Meyer对MIH理论持怀疑态度，故选B。 4．A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段“To put it simply, sharks don't make ‘mistakes’ but instead continually explore their environments and routinely investigate novel objects as potential prey by biting them.(简单地说，鲨鱼不会犯‘错误’，而是不断探索他们的环境，并通过咬它们来常规地调查新的东西作为潜在的猎物。)”可推知，作者认为鲨鱼咬人的原因是渴望寻找新的食物来源。故选A项。 B★ (2025·菏泽期末)Plenty of robots are inspired by existing animals, but not as many take their cue from extinct creatures.Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) researchers looked over 500­million years back in time for guidance.Their result, presented during the 68th Biophysical Society Annual Meeting, is an underwater soft robot modeled after one of the sea urchin's (海胆的) oldest ancestors. Pleurocystitids (侧囊虫) swam in the oceans around half a billion years ago—about the same time experts now believe jellyfish first appeared.Pleurocystitids featured a muscular, tail­like structure that likely allowed them to better move underwater.After studying CT scans of the animal's fossilized remains, researchers fed the data into a computer program to analyze and offer mobility simulations (模拟). While no one knows for sure exactly how pleurocystitids moved around, the team determined the most logical possibility likely involved side­to­side sweeping tail motions that allowed it to move forward across the ocean floor.This theory is also strengthened by fossil records, which indicate the animal's tail lengthened over time to make them move faster without the need for much more energy.From there, engineers built their own long­tailed, soft robot­pleurocystitid. To the casual viewer, the video of the mechanical monster clumsily moving across the ground inch by inch may seem to imply why the pleurocysitid is long gone.But according to Richard Desatnick, a Carnegie Mellon PhD student, the ancient animal likely deserves more credit.“There are animals that were very successful for millions of years and the reason why they died out wasn't from a lack of success from their biology—there may have been a massive environmental change or extinction event，” Desatnick said in a recent profile. The Carnegie Mellon team believes their soft robot could offer a variety of uses—including surveying dangerous geological localions, and helping out with underwater machine repairs.More flexible robot­pleurocystitids may one day glide through the waters.Even if nearby sea stars and urchins don't recognize it, neither would they exist without their shared source of inspiration. 5．Why did CMU researchers study the extinct sea creature? A．To save the existing animals. B．To design an underwater robot. C．To explore underwater resources. D．To seek the sea creature's ancestor. 6．How did the team get information about pleurocystitids' movement? A．By studying its fossil records. B．By conducting experiments. C．By analyzing its living environment. D．By referring to its biological knowledge. 7．What does the underlined word “clumsily” mean in paragraph 4? A．Smartly. B．Purposefully. C．Awkwardly. D．Delicately. 8．What can be inferred from the text? A．The robot­pleurocystitid will have a bright future. B．The sea stars and urchins will inspire a new robot. C．Pleurocystitids died out due to lack of biological evolution. D．Extinct sea creatures come back to life due to new technology. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种灭绝了5亿年的海洋生物激发了一种新型软体机器人的灵感。 5．B　推理判断题。根据第一段“Plenty of robots are inspired by existing animals, but not as many take their cue from extinct creatures.Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) researchers looked over 500­million years back in time for guidance.Their result, presented during the 68th Biophysical Society Annual Meeting, is an underwater soft robot modeled after one of the sea urchin's (海胆的) oldest ancestors.(很多机器人的灵感都来自于现存的动物，但很少有机器人是从灭绝的动物那里得到灵感的。卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员回顾了5亿多年前的历史，以寻求指导。他们的成果在第68届生物物理学会年会上展示，是一个模仿海胆最古老祖先之一的水下软机器人)”可知，卡内基梅隆大学研究人员研究已灭绝的海洋生物是为了设计水下机器人。故选B。 6．A　细节理解题。根据第二段“After studying CT scans of the animal's fossilized remains, researchers fed the data into a computer program to analyze and offer mobility simulations (模拟).(在研究了动物化石残骸的CT扫描后，研究人员将数据输入计算机程序进行分析并提供移动模拟)”可知，研究小组通过研究侧囊虫化石残骸记录获得其运动信息。故选A。 7．C　词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“To the casual viewer, the video of the mechanical monster”以及后文“clumsily moving across the ground inch by inch may seem to imply why the pleurocysitid is long gone.”可知，对于普通观众来说，机械怪物在地面上缓慢移动的镜头似乎暗示了为什么侧囊虫早已消失。根据后面的inch by inch和下文 Richard认为可能不是生理原因使它灭绝的，可推知，划线词意思是“笨拙地”。故选C。 8．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Carnegie Mellon team believes their soft robot could offer a variety of uses—including surveying dangerous geological localions, and helping out with underwater machine repairs.More flexible robot­pleurocystitids may one day glide through the waters.(卡耐基梅隆大学的研究小组认为，他们的软体机器人可以提供多种用途，包括测量危险的地质位置，以及帮助水下机器维修。也许有一天，更灵活的机器人——胸膜囊机器人会在水中滑行)”可推断侧囊虫机器人将有很好的未来。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2025·南京调研)Finding beautiful shells and interesting pieces of driftwood scattered in the sand is one of the joys of walking along the beach.For one beachcomber, Tracey's finds are a little more __1__． Back in 1997, about five million pieces of Lego (乐高积木) were __2__ at sea off the coast of Cornwall from a cargo ship hit by an once­in­a­century wave, and the __3__ pieces that soon appeared on the beaches quickly became a treasure for beachcombers. When Tracey __4__ a piece of Lego off the coast, she couldn't have dreamed what started as a collecting __5__ would have turned into an exploration of the ocean.Tracey __6__ her findings on her social media account “LegoLostAtSea” and her shoreline social posts of washed up objects have inspired __7__ and groups alike.Thousands of people got in __8__， sharing details of their own beachcombing __9__． “It was assumed that roughly half the Lego sank and half __10__，” says Tracey.“What we're realizing is that even the Lego that __11__ sank is now starting to wash ashore and it's gradually drifting along the seabed.” Now Tracey and her followers continue to __12__ the shores and also team up with environmental groups and scientists.The scientists calculated the pieces could __13__　anywhere between 100 and 1，300 years.Their next scientific project is to __14__ the spread of the Lego to see how __15__ it has drifted, not only on the surface of the ocean—some even reached Holland—but also along the seabed. 1．A.lucky　　　　　　　B．unique C．complex D．advanced 2．A.lost B．finished C．broken D．shown 3．A.tidy B．odd C．tiny D．costly 4．A.held up B．turned up C．picked up D．brought up 5．A.business B．campaign C．invention D．exercise 6．A.restored B．labeled C．recorded D．observed 7．A.teams B．visitors C．journalists D．individuals 8．A.debt B．touch C．shape D．trouble 9．A.programs B．treasures C．standards D．experiments 10．A.torn B．dropped C．floated D．disappeared 11．A.slightly B．originally C．apparently D．temporarily 12．A.comb B．leave C．block D．promote 13．A.evolve B．separate C．improve D．survive 14．A.map B．control C．prevent D．encourage 15．A.far B．slowly C．quick D．freely 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了海滩寻宝者特蕾西在海滩上发现了乐高积木，并激励成千上万的人参与海滩寻宝的故事。 1．B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个海滩寻宝者来说，特蕾西的发现更为独特。A.lucky幸运的；B.unique独特的；C.complex复杂的；D.advanced先进的。根据上文“Finding beautiful shells and interesting pieces of driftwood scattered in the sand is one of the joys of walking along the beach.”可知，发现美丽的贝壳和散落在沙滩上的有趣的漂流木是沿着海滩散步的乐趣之一。下文描述了特雷西和她的追随者捡乐高积木， 所以特蕾西的发现更为独特。故选B。 2．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在1997年，康沃尔海岸附近的一艘货船被百年一遇的海浪袭击，大约500万块乐高积木在海上丢失，这些很快出现在海滩上的小碎片很快成为海滩游客的宝藏。A.lost丢失；B.finished完成；C.broken打破；裂；碎；D.shown显示。根据下文“from a cargo ship hit by an once­in­a­century wave”可知，货船被海浪袭击，大约500万块乐高积木在海上丢失。故选A。 3．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.tidy整洁的；B.odd古怪的；怪异的；C.tiny小的；D.costly贵的。根据上文“about five million pieces of Lego”以及常识可知，此处应用“小”来形容乐高积木。故选C。 4．C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：当特蕾西在海岸边捡到一块乐高积木时，她做梦也想不到最初的收集活动会变成对海洋的探索。A.held up举起；支撑；B.turned up出现；调高；C.picked up拾起；D.brought up提出；养育。根据上文“For one beachcomber”可知，特蕾西是一名沙滩寻宝者，故此处指她在海岸边捡到一块乐高积木。故选C。 5．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.business商务；生意；B.campaign运动；战役；C.invention发明；D.exercise练习；活动。根据上文“Finding beautiful shells and interesting pieces of driftwood scattered in the sand is one of the joys of walking along the beach.”可知，沙滩寻宝是一个收集活动。故选D。 6．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：特蕾西在她的社交媒体账号“LegoLostAtSea”上记录了她的发现，她在海岸线发布的关于被冲走物体的社交帖子激励了个人和团体。A.restored修复；B.labeled用标签标明；C.recorded记录；D.observed观察；遵守；庆祝。根据下文“on her social media account ‘LegoLostAtSea’”可知，她将她的发现记录在社交账号中。故选C。 7．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.teams团队；B.visitors来访者；游客；C.journalists记者；D.individuals个人。根据下文“and groups alike”可知，她的社交帖子激励了个人和团体。故选D。 8．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的人取得了联系，分享了他们自己在海滩上搜寻宝藏的细节。A.debt债务；B.touch联系；C.shape形状；体形；D.trouble麻烦。根据下文“sharing details of their own beachcombing __9__”可知，成千上万的人取得了联系。get in touch意为“取得联系”。故选B。 9．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.programs项目；B.treasures宝物；C.standards标准；D.experiments试验。根据上文“her shoreline social posts of washed up objects have inspired __7__ and groups alike.”可知，成千上万的人分享了他们自己在海滩上搜寻宝藏的细节。故选B。 10．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：特蕾西说：“据推测，大约一半的乐高积木沉没，一半漂浮。”A.torn撕开；B.dropped使落下；C.floated漂浮；D.disappeared消失。根据句中“half the Lego sank”可知，一半的乐高积木沉没了，一半漂浮。故选C。 11．B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们意识到，即使是最初沉没的乐高玩具，现在也开始被冲上岸，并逐渐沿着海床漂流。A.slightly稍微；B.originally起初；C.apparently显然地；D.temporarily暂时地。根据下文“is now starting to wash ashore and it's gradually drifting along the seabed”可知，最初沉没的乐高玩具，现在也开始被冲上岸。故选B。 12．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，特蕾西和她的追随者们继续搜寻海岸，并与环保组织和科学家合作。A.comb梳理；搜寻；B.leave离开；C.block阻挡；D.promote促进。根据上文“what started as a collecting __5__ would have turned into an exploration of the ocean”可知，特蕾西和她的追随者们继续搜寻海岸。故选A。 13．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们计算出这些碎片可以存活100到1300年。A.evolve演变；B.separate使分开；C.improve改善；D.survive幸存。根据下文“between 100 and 1，300 years”可知，科学家们计算出这些碎片可以存活100到1300年。故选D。 14．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的下一个科学项目是绘制乐高的分布图，看看它漂移了多远，不仅在海洋表面——有些甚至到达了荷兰——而且沿着海床。A.map绘制……的地图；定位；B.control控制；C.prevent阻止；D.encourage鼓励。根据下文“the spread of the Lego to see how __15__ it has drifted”可知，下一步，科学家们将绘制乐高的分布图。故选A。 15．A　考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.far远地；B.slowly慢慢地；C.quickly快地；D.freely自由地。根据下文“not only on the surface of the ocean—some even reached Holland—but also along the seabed”可知，下一步，科学家们将绘制乐高的分布图，看看它漂移了多远。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空★ (2025·河南省豫南名校高三二模)The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) today announced the 2023 Champions of the Earth.1.________ (honor) in the Entrepreneurial Vision category this year, the Blue Circle of China, which involves more than 6.000 individuals and over 200 companies from China's eastern province of Zhejiang, has employed block­chain technology and the Internet of Things 2.________ (track) and monitor the full life­cycle of plastic pollution.It has already collected over 10，700 tons of abandoned plastics from the sea, making 3.________ China's largest marine plastic waste program. “To protect our planet, we must find innovative ways to reduce the amount of plastic waste，” said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP.“One of this year's Champions of the Earth, Blue Circle of China, has found a very good 4.________ (solve) to deal with the problem.” Plastic has transformed everyday life and produced many 5.________ (benefit) to society.But the world 6.________ (turn) out around 430 million tons of plastic every year, two thirds of 7.________ quickly becomes waste. The addiction to plastics has created what experts call an environmental disaster.Every year, up to 23 million tons of plastic waste goes into lakes, rivers and seas.By 2040, carbon emissions associated with the production, use and disposal of plastics could account 8.________ nearly one fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions.Chemicals in plastic can also cause health problems in humans. UNEP's Champions of the Earth honors individuals, groups and organizations whose actions have a 9.________ (significance) impact on the environment.The annual Champions of the Earth award is the UN's 10.________ (high) environmental honour. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年，中国浙江的“蓝点海洋塑料垃圾回收项目”荣获了联合国颁发的“地球卫士奖”。 1．Honored　考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，中国蓝圈获得了创业愿景类奖项，来自中国东部浙江省的6000多名个人和200多家公司参与了该奖项，该奖项采用了区块链技术和物联网来跟踪和监控塑料污染的整个生命周期。本句谓语为has employed，此处为非谓语动词，且the Blue Circle of China与honor“给与……的光荣”为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Honored。 2．to track　考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，中国蓝圈获得了创业愿景类奖项，来自中国东部浙江省的6000多名个人和200多家公司参与了该奖项，该奖项采用了区块链技术和物联网来跟踪和监控塑料污染的整个生命周期。本句谓语为has employed，此处为非谓语动词，此处用track“跟踪”的不定式，作目的状语。故填to track。 3．it　考查代词。句意：它已经从海洋中收集了超过1.07万吨的废弃塑料，使其成为中国最大的海洋塑料垃圾处理项目。此处用代词it，指代前面提到的the Blue Circle of China，作making的宾语。故填it。 4．solution　考查词名词。句意：今年的地球冠军之一，中国蓝圈，已经找到了一个很好的解决方案来解决这个问题。根据该空前的冠词a可知，此处用名词solution“解决方案”，作has found的宾语。故填solution。 5．benefits　考查名词复数。句意：塑料改变了人们的日常生活，给社会带来了许多好处。根据空前的定语many可知，此处用所给名词benefit“好处”的复数形式benefits，作produced的宾语。故填benefits。 6．turns　考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：但全球每年产生约4.3亿吨塑料，其中三分之二很快成为废物。turn out“生产”。结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为the world，故谓语用第三人称单数形式turns。故填turns。 7．which　考查定语从句。句意：但全球每年产生约4.3亿吨塑料，其中三分之二很快成为废物。分析句子结构可知，该句是由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为around 430million tons of plastic，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。 8．for　考查介词。句意：到2040年，与塑料生产、使用和处置相关的碳排放量将占全球温室气体排放量的近五分之一。account for意为“(数量或比例上)占”，为固定短语。故填for。 9．significant　考查形容词。句意：环境署地球卫士奖旨在表彰其行动对环境产生重大影响的个人、团体和组织。分析该句成分可知，用形容词形式 significant“重大的”，作定语，修饰名词impact。故填significant。 10．highest　考查形容词最高级。句意：一年一度的地球卫士奖是联合国在环境方面的最高荣誉。结合语境和空格前的定冠词the可知，该处需用形容词high的最高级形式 highest“最高的”，作定语，修饰名词environmental honour。故填highest。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$