课时作业(31)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(三十一)　Unit 5　Poems Ⅰ.阅读理解 A★ (2025·河北石家庄三模) Best Poetry Writing Contests in 2024 The Poetry.com Contest Poetry.com offers monthly contests for poets worldwide to build passion and enjoyment for the creative poem writing process! Poems remain anonymous (匿名) before applicants vote on what they believe should be the winning entry. Top Prize: $500 Additional prizes: personalized Poetry.com gifts for runners­up Entry fee: $25 Deadline: December 31, 2024 Wine Country Writers' Festival Writing Contest Welcome to the 4th annual Wine Country Writers' Festival (WCWF) writing contest.Three categories and over$1，800 total value in cash and prizes are to be awarded.Enter your short fiction or nonfiction (2，000 words max) or up to 48 lines of poetry.Judged blindly by professional writers.No previously published works. Top Prize: $200 Additional prizes: free registration package to the Wine Country Writers' Festival Entry fee: $11 Deadline: June 02, 2024 Tom Howard Poetry Contest Welcome to the 20th annual Tom Howard Poetry Contest.Submit your published or unpublished work, a poem in any style, whether it rhymes or not. Top Prize: $3，000 Additional prizes: $200 for 10 honorable mentions　 Entry fee: $20 Deadline: October 01, 2024 The One Page Poetry Contest One Page Poetry focuses on the art of expressing a poetic theme on a single page, whether your poem is four lines or forty, whether yours is a love poem, inspirational poem, or just one that is fun.We welcome all poetic forms, as long as they fit on a single page. Top Prize: $2，000 Additional prizes: 2nd: 1，000; 3rd: 500 Entry fee: $25 Deadline: September 30, 2024 1．Which of the following offers the highest top prize? A．The Poetry.com Contest. B．WCWF Writing Contest. C．Tom Howard Poetry Contest. D．The One Page Poetry Contest. 2．What is unique to Wine Country Writers' Festival Writing Contest? A．It is held once a year. B．It has honorable mentions. C．It judges entries blindly. D．It accepts other types besides poetry. 3．What do the Poetry.com Contest and the One Page Poetry Contest have in common? A．They charge $25 for entry fee. B．They have professionals as judges. C．They require poems on one page. D．They offer tailored gifts as prizes. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了2024年四个最佳诗歌写作比赛的信息，包括各自的奖金设置、额外奖品、参赛费用、截止日期及特色要求，旨在为全球范围内的诗人提供展示才华、赢得奖励和参与文学社群的机会。 1．C　细节理解题。根据“The Poetry.com Contest”下文中的“Top Prize: $500(最高奖金：500美元)”“Wine Country Writers' Festival Writing Contest”下文中的“Top Prize: $200(最高奖金：200美元)”、根据“Tom Howard Poetry Contest”下文中的“Top Prize: $3，000(最高奖：3000美元)”以及“The One Page Poetry Contest”下文中的“Top Prize: $2，000(最高奖金：2000美元)”可知，汤姆·霍华德诗歌大赛(Tom Howard Poetry Contest)所提供的奖金最高。故选C。 2．D　细节理解题。根据标题“Wine Country Writers' Festival Writing Contest”下文中的“Enter your short fiction or nonfiction (2，000 words max) or up to 48 lines of poetry.(提交你的短篇小说或非小说(最多2000字)或最多48行诗歌)”可知，葡萄酒之乡作家节写作大赛除了诗歌可以参赛外，短篇小说或非小说都可以参赛，其他三个都是诗歌大赛，这正是Wine Country Writers' Festival Writing Contest独特之处。故选D。 3．A　细节理解题。根据“The Poetry.com Contest”下文中的“Entry fee: $25(报名费：25美元)”以及“The One Page Poetry Contest”下文中的“Entry fee: $25(报名费：25美元)”可知，这两个比赛的共同之处是报名费都是25美元。故选A。 B★ (2025·汕头一模)Here we are, wrapping up 2023 in a red bow like one of the holiday presents in a TV commercial.It was a year full of poetic discoveries for our editorial team and especially for me.I encountered so many new­to­me poets.Diana Solís from the December 2022 issue and Joyce Mansour from the June 2023 issue are examples of this: poets with whom I was unfamiliar and who have now become part of my daily conversation.Living in Chicago, I might have encountered Diana Solís some other way.She is an icon of revolutionary poetry and photography.What a gift to learn, to be enthusiastic about new poetics like I'm still in the front row of the classroom, trying to do my best. Two truths I've learned about Chicago since moving here: Chicago is a city that holds things close and doesn't need to show off about its riches.And there are riches everywhere —great music all over the place, the best pizza, an embarrassment of architectures, and, of course, poetry on every corner.Nelson Algren said every great writer must spend time in Chicago. The final version of 2023 is from a distinguished Chicagoan, the poet and journalist Frank Marshall Davis.When I read his work for the first time, I was struck by the truth of the poems, his clear­eyed critique(批评).He was a truth teller when no one wanted to listen.This issue also includes poems of another Chicago great, Li­Young Lee.His poems taught me how to think about romance as an engine for a poem.Multiple generations of poets have been using the man's gestures in their love poems, often without realizing it, because even their teachers were borrowing from Li­Young Lee too. So maybe that is why this issue has me in my holiday feels.Poems can be for the poet and the community concurrently, an offering of the self that indicates the care of the giver. 4．What is the occupation of the author? A．A magazine editor. B．A news reporter. C．A blog writer. D．A Chicagoan poet. 5．What does the author think of the year 2023? A．Everything was new in this year. B．It was a year of poetry revolutionary. C．New poets led the way in this year. D．It was a year of discovery and learning. 6．What impresses the author most about Chicago? A．The great art everywhere. B．Its multicultural atmosphere. C．The economic development. D．Its hidden music and poems. 7．Why does the author mention poets Frank Marshall Davis and Li­Young Lee? A．To set examples for young poets. B．To show the great impact of poems. C．To promote their unique writing technique. D．To emphasize the importance of poetry reading. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者对自己在芝加哥的2023年的工作和生活进行了总结，并感悟到诗歌的伟大。 4．A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It was a year full of poetic discoveries for our editorial team and especially for me.(对我们的编辑团队来说，这是充满诗意的发现的一年，对我来说更是如此。)”可知，作者的职业是一位杂志编辑。故选A。 5．D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“It was a year full of poetic discoveries for our editorial team and especially for me.(对我们的编辑团队来说，这是充满诗意的发现的一年，对我来说更是如此。)”和文章第二段“Two truths I've learned about Chicago since moving here: Chicago is a city that holds things close and doesn't need to show off about its riches.(搬到这里后，我了解到关于芝加哥的两个事实：芝加哥是一个亲近事物的城市，不需要炫耀自己的财富。)”可知，作者认为2023年是发现和学习的一年。故选D。 6．A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段“And there are riches everywhere —great music all over the place, the best pizza, an embarrassment of architectures, and, of course, poetry on every corner.(到处都是财富——到处都是美妙的音乐，最好吃的披萨，令人尴尬的建筑，当然，每个角落都有诗歌。)”可知，芝加哥令作者印象最深刻的是无处不在的伟大艺术。故选A。 7．B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The final version of 2023 is from a distinguished Chicagoan, the poet and journalist Frank Marshall Davis.When I read his work for the first time, I was struck by the truth of the poems, his clear­eyed critique(批评).He was a truth teller when no one wanted to listen.This issue also includes poems of another Chicago great, Li­Young Lee.His poems taught me how to think about romance as an engine for a poem.Multiple generations of poets have been using the man's gestures in their love poems, often without realizing it, because even their teachers were borrowing from Li­Young Lee too.(2023年的最终版本出自芝加哥著名诗人兼记者弗兰克·马歇尔·戴维斯(Frank Marshall Davis)之手。当我第一次读他的作品时，我被诗歌的真实性和他敏锐的批判所震撼。没人想听的时候，他会说真话。这期还包括另一位芝加哥伟人Li­Young Lee的诗歌。他的诗教会了我如何把浪漫当作一首诗的引擎。好几代诗人都在他们的爱情诗中使用这个男人的手势，往往没有意识到这一点，因为甚至他们的老师也在借用Li­Young Lee。)”可知，作者提到这两位诗人是为了展示诗歌的影响。故选B。 C (2025·聊城二模)Four­legged robots like Boston Dynamics' Spot and Cheetah owe almost all their quickness to fancy footwork.In biology, however, a four­legged animal's movement, flexibility, and complex motor functions come almost entirely from its spine (脊柱).If artificial spines could be put into such designs, engineers could find entirely new approaches to accurate mobility. Now, engineers are reportedly a few steps further towards spine­centric, four­legged bots thanks to a research team's rat­inspired robot.NeRmo is a biomimetic and four­legged robot that depends on an innovative motor­tendon (运动肌腱的) structure to move around environments. As far as looks go, NeRmo mirrors a mouse's bone system.The robot's solid front half houses its electronics systems, while its latter half functions much as an actual flexible spine would.Artificial tendons passing through the spine as well as the robot's arm and knee joints allow NeRmo even more mouselike movements alongside quicker turning times.NeRmo's tendon system prevented the need for any muscle while still allowing for smooth bending capabilities, i．e.side­to­side, and up­and­down. To test their new design, the team ran NeRmo through a series of four experiments to demonstrate balancing, straight­line walking, quick turning, and maze navigation.Each trial included two rounds—one with the spinal system engaged, and the other with it disabled.Across the board, NeRmo performed the tasks better, faster, and more accurately when it combined the spine with its movements.Maze navigation, however, was NeRmo's true shining moment.With its spine engaged, the mouse­bot completed its maze runs much faster than simply wandering through without spinal support. Although still in its early stages, researchers believe further design involving the spinal systems in future four­legged robots could vastly improve their functionality.If NeRmo wasn't proof enough, think of it this way—MIT's Cheetah can run 13 feet per second with just one joint copying the bending of the spine forward and backward.NeRmo, meanwhile, has eight joints. 8．What is the limitation of Boston Dynamics' Spot and Cheetah? A．Having an unattractive appearance. B．Referring to few biological bases. C．Having a strict range of applications. D．Lacking spine­based moving accuracy. 9．Which of the following makes NeRmo move more like mice? A．The tendon system. B．The bone system. C．The muscle system. D．The knee joint. 10．What did the four testing experiments find? A．NeRmo had a great sense of direction. B．The spinal system bettered NeRmo's movement. C.NeRmo without an artificial spine lost control easily. D.Artificial spines gave hope to disabled animals. 11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Putting NeRmo into use has difficulties in practice. B．Reducing the number of joints in robots is necessary. C．Applying spinal systems to robots has a promising outlook. D．Creating more four­legged robots is a matter of time. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了受老鼠启发的机器人NeRmo，它的运动肌腱结构使它能够像老鼠一样快速、灵活地运动。研究人员通过一系列实验证明，NeRmo的脊柱系统能够提高它的运动性能，这为未来四足机器人的设计提供了新的思路。 8．D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Four­legged robots like Boston Dynamics' Spo t and Cheetah owe almost all their quickness to fancy footwork.In biology, however, a four­legged animal's movement, flexibility, and complex motor functions come almost entirely from its spine(脊柱).If artificial spines could be put into such designs, engineers could find entirely new approaches to accurate mobility.(像波士顿动力公司(Boston Dynamics)的Spot和Cheetah这样的四足机器人，它们的快速几乎都归功于花哨的步法。然而，在生物学中，四足动物的运动、灵活性和复杂的运动功能几乎完全来自其脊柱。如果人工脊柱能够被应用到这样的设计中，工程师们可能会找到全新的方法来实现精确的运动。)”可知，Boston Dynamics的Spot和Cheetah几乎完全依赖于复杂的步法来实现快速运动，而在生物学中，四足动物的运动、灵活性和复杂的运动功能几乎完全来自其脊柱。由此可知，Boston Dynamics的Spot和Cheetah的局限性在于缺乏基于脊柱的运动精度。故选D。 9．A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Artificial tendons passing through the spine as well as the robot's arm and knee joints allow NeRmo even more mouselike movements alongside quicker turning times.(穿过脊柱以及机器人手臂和膝盖关节的人造肌腱使NeRmo能够做出更像老鼠的动作，同时还能更快地转弯)”可知，NeRmo机器人的运动肌腱结构使其能够像老鼠一样快速、灵活地运动。故选A。 10．B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Across the board, NeRmo performed the tasks better, faster, and more accurately when it combined the spine with its movements.(总的来说，当NeRmo将脊柱与运动结合起来时，它能更好、更快、更准确地完成任务。)”可知，上文的四个测试实验发现脊柱系统改善了NeRmo的运动。故选B。 11．C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Although still in its early stages, researchers believe further design involving the spinal systems in future four­legged robots could vastly improve their functionality.(尽管仍处于早期阶段，研究人员相信，在未来的四足机器人中涉及脊柱系统的进一步设计可以大大提高它们的功能。)”可知，在机器人中应用脊柱系统具有广阔的前景。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2025·临沂二模)Waking up at the crack of dawn and going for a run might feel awful when you start trying to make it a habit.Weaving a significant new activity such as this into your regular routine obviously takes determination and time.__1__ One popular idea suggests that it takes 21 days to solidify a habit.People tend to feel extra motivated to start a new habit or kick an old one.__2__ Yet every January 21 very few people can boast that they have kept their resolutions. Everyone has a unique habit­building timeline.__3__ Experts suggest various individualized ways to practice frequently, which eventually turn a task into an unconscious habit. __4__ Teaching yourself a completely new skill or process obviously takes longer than remembering to drink more water in the morning.A 2015 study found that new gym­goers had to exercise at least four times a week for six weeks in order to develop an exercise habit.The results showed that creating a handwashing habit took a few weeks.__5__ Anyway, handwashing is less complex and offers more opportunities to practice. The researchers also suggested that habit formation depends on the effort that a person puts into practicing an activity and on the presence of environmental cues that would remind them to carry out the behavior. A．The type of activity is also a factor. B．The strategies of activity impact the way. C．People want to form a habit of exercising regularly. D．But how much time is really needed to make that habit stick? E．It might sound easily reachable to make a resolution on New Year's Day. F．By comparison, it took half a year for people to develop an exercise habit. G．However long it is for any individual, repetition is the key to making it work. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文，文章探讨了养成一个新习惯需要多长时间以及影响习惯养成的因素。 1．D　上文“Weaving a significant new activity such as this into your regular routine obviously takes determination and time.(将这样一项重要的新活动融入你的日常生活显然需要决心和时间)”提到养成一个新习惯需要时间，结合第二段中“One popular idea suggests that it takes 21 days to solidify a habit.(一个流行的观点认为，养成一个习惯需要21天)”可知，下文讲述养成新习惯需要21天，D项“但是养成这个习惯到底需要多长时间呢？”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。 2．E　根据下文“Yet every January 21 very few people can boast that they have kept their resolutions.(然而，每年的1月21日，很少有人能自夸自己坚持了自己的新年决心)”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，此处是说新年决心看似容易，其实很难坚持， E项“在新年第一天下定决心听起来似乎很容易”符合语境，故选E。 3．G　根据下文“Experts suggest various individualized ways to practice frequently, which eventually turn a task into an unconscious habit.(专家建议各种个性化的方法来频繁练习，最终将一项任务变成一种无意识的习惯)”可知，此处是说频繁练习对于养成习惯的重要性，G项“无论对任何个人来说有多长时间，重复都是成功的关键”符合语境，故选G。 4．A　根据下文“Teaching yourself a completely new skill or process obviously takes longer than remembering to drink more water in the morning.(自学一项全新的技能或过程显然比记住早上多喝水要花更长的时间)”可知，本段是说活动类型影响新习惯的养成，A项“活动的类型也是一个因素”符合语境，故选A。 5．F　根据上文“The results showed that creating a handwashing habit took a few weeks.(结果表明，养成洗手的习惯需要几周的时间)”和下文“Anyway, handwashing is less complex and offers more opportunities to practice.(不管怎样，洗手不那么复杂，而且提供了更多练习的机会)”可知，空处是提及另一个新习惯，和养成洗手的习惯作比较，F项“相比之下，人们需要半年的时间才能养成锻炼的习惯”符合语境，故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$