课时作业(20)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(二十)　Unit 4　Body Language Ⅰ．阅读理解 A★ (2025·保定一模)Politicians, business bosses, and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands, but does the habit influence how others interpret those words? To get to the bottom of it, a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics conducted a series of experiments on volunteers who viewed videos of people speaking with and without hand movements. After showing the volunteers videos of people speaking under different conditions, the researchers asked them questions about what they had heard.Some conditions involved the speaker stressing different parts of words in a sentence.Other conditions involved the speaker making various types of hand gestures, such as pointing and sweeping movements.The team recorded the volunteers as they viewed the video recordings, questioning the volunteers afterward about what they had seen and heard. Researchers found that the volunteers were more affected by syllables (音节) spoken with the conjunction of hand gestures: In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture.Interestingly, however, volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred. Body language expert Carol Goman said, “Studies have found that speaking with your hands really can change the view of your character.People who communicate through active gesturing tend to be considered warm, agreeable, and energetic, while those who remain still are seen as logical, cold, and analytic.In fact, a 2015 study that studied TED Talks, which posts international talks online, found that the most popular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least popular speakers used.” The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an important part of in­person communication that have a direct impact on what the listener hears.Furthermore, they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up. 1．What's the researchers' purpose of doing the experiments? A．To examine the volunteers' interpreting skills. B．Test the effect hand gestures have on speaking. C.To record the volunteers' questions for the speaker. D．To confirm the influence hand movements have on leaders. 2．What did the researchers find in the experiments? A．Hand movements affected what the listener heard. B．The speaker stressed different parts of words in a sentence. C．People speaking with different hand gestures had different effects. D．The most popular speakers used more gestures than the least popular speakers did. 3．What does the underlined word “conjunction” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Assistance.　　　 　B．Combination. C．Disturbance. D．Interpretation. 4．What may the researchers agree with? A．Gestures can influence others' view on one's personality. B．Understanding gestures is a must in every language. C．In­person communication helps interpret gestures. D．Responses to gestures are learning behavior. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现，在谈话中使用或不使用手势会对听众产生很大影响。 1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Politicians, business bosses, and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands, but does the habit influence how others interpret those words? To get to the bottom of it, a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics conducted a series of experiments on volunteers who viewed videos of people speaking with and without hand movements.(政治家、商业老板和其他类型的领导人确实倾向于用手说话，但是这种习惯会影响其他人如何理解这些话吗？为了弄清真相，马克斯·普朗克心理语言学研究所的一组研究人员对志愿者进行了一系列实验，这些志愿者观看了人们说话时有和没有手部动作的视频。)”可知，研究人员做实验的目的是测试手势对说话的影响。故选B。 2．A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture.Interestingly, however, volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred.(在20%的情况下，观众更有可能听到并理解用手势说的话。然而，有趣的是，当说的话和手势不匹配时，志愿者听到错误声音的可能性要高出40%)”可知，研究人员在实验中发现手的动作会影响听者听到的内容。故选A。 3．B　词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 20 percent of the cases, the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture.(在20%的案例中，观众更有可能听到并理解结合手势说的话。)”可推知，此处是指志愿者更容易受到与手势相结合的音节的影响，所以conjunction意为“结合”。故选B。 4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Furthermore, they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up.(此外，他们还认为，我们对手势的反应可能是在成长过程中习得的。)”可推知，研究人员可能认同“对手势的反应是一种学习行为”的观点。故选D。 B (2025·山东实验中学一模)With the help from an artificial language (AL) model, MIT neuroscientists have discovered what kind of sentences are most likely to fire up the brain's key language processing centers.The new study reveals that sentences that are more complex, because of either unusual grammar or unexpected meaning, generate stronger responses in these language processing centers.Sentences that are very straightforward barely engage these regions, and meaningless orders of words don't do much for them either. In this study, the researchers focused on language­processing regions found in the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain.By collecting a set of 1，000 sentences from various sources, the researchers measured the brain activity of participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they read the sentences.The same sentences were also fed into a large language model, similar to ChatGPT, to measure the model's activation patterns.Once the researchers had all of those data, they trained the model to predict how the human language network would respond to any new sentence based on how the artificial language network responded to these 1，000 sentences. The researchers then used the model to determine 500 new sentences that would drive highest brain activity and sentences that would make the brain less active, and their findings were confirmed in subsequent human participants.To understand why certain sentences generate stronger brain responses, the model examined the sentences based on 11 different language characteristics.The analysis revealed that sentences that were more surprising resulted in greater brain activity.Another linguistic (语言的) aspect that correlated with the brain's language network responses was the complexity of the sentences, which was determined by how well they followed English grammar rules and bow logically they linked with each other. The researchers now plan to see if they can extend these findings in speakers of languages other than English.They also hope to explore what type of stimuli may activate language processing regions in the brain's right hemisphere. 5．What sentences make our brain work harder? A．Lengthy. B．Logical. C．Straightforward. D．Complicated. 6．What is the function of the AL model in the research? A．To examine language network. B．To reduce language complexity. C．To locate language processing area. D．To identify language characteristics. 7．How did the researchers carry out their study? A．By conducting interviews. B．By collecting questionnaires. C．By analyzing experiment data. D．By reviewing previous studies. 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．AL Model Stimulates Brain Activities B．AL Model Speeds Up Language Learning C.AL Model Reveals the Secrets of Brain Activation　 D．AL Model Enhances Brain Processing Capacity 【语篇解读】　本文是篇新闻报道。这篇文章详细描述了MIT神经科学家利用人工语言模型进行的一项新研究，揭示了哪种类型的句子最有可能激发大脑关键的语言处理中心。 5．D　细节理解题。根据第一段“With the help from an artificial language (AL) model, MIT neuroscientists have discovered what kind of sentences are most likely to fire up the brain's key language processing centers.The new study reveals that sentences that are more complex, because of either unusual grammar or unexpected meaning, generate stronger responses in these language processing centers.(在人工语言(AL)模型的帮助下，麻省理工学院的神经科学家们发现了哪种句子最有可能激活大脑的关键语言处理中心。这项新研究表明，由于语法不同寻常或含义出乎意料，更复杂的句子会在这些语言处理中心产生更强烈的反应)”可知，复杂的句子会让我们的大脑更努力工作。故选D项。 6．D　推理判断题。根据第二段“The same sentences were also fed into a large language model, similar to ChatGPT, to measure the model's activation patterns.Once the researchers had all of those data, they trained the model to predict how the human language network would respond to any new sentence based on how the artificial language network responded to these 1，000 sentences.(同样的句子也被输入到一个类似于ChatGPT的大型语言模型中，以测量模型的激活模式。一旦研究人员获得了所有这些数据，他们就会训练模型，根据人工语言网络对这1000个句子的反应，来预测人类语言网络对任何新句子的反应)”以及第三段“The researchers then used the model to determine 500 new sentences that would drive highest brain activity and sentences that would make the brain less active, and their findings were confirmed in subsequent human participants.To understand why certain sentences generate stronger brain responses, the model examined the sentences based on 11 different language characteristics.(然后，研究人员用这个模型确定了500个能激发大脑最高活动的新句子和能让大脑不那么活跃的句子，他们的发现在随后的人类参与者中得到了证实。为了理解为什么某些句子会产生更强烈的大脑反应，该模型根据11种不同的语言特征检查了这些句子)”可知，人工智能模型在本研究中的作用是识别语言特征。故选D项。 7．C　推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers then used the model to determine 500 new sentences that would drive highest brain activity and sentences that would make the brain less active, and their findings were confirmed in subsequent human participants.To understand why certain sentences generate stronger brain responses, the model examined the sentences based on 11 different language characteristics.The analysis revealed that sentences that were more surprising resulted in greater brain activity.Another linguistic (语言的) aspect that correlated with the brain's language network responses was the complexity of the sentences, which was determined by how well they followed English grammar rules and bow logically they linked with each other.(然后，研究人员用这个模型确定了500个能激发大脑最高活动的新句子和能让大脑不那么活跃的句子，他们的发现在随后的人类参与者中得到了证实。为了理解为什么某些句子会产生更强烈的大脑反应，该模型根据11种不同的语言特征检查了这些句子。分析显示，更令人惊讶的句子会导致更大的大脑活动。另一个与大脑语言网络反应相关的语言方面是句子的复杂性，这取决于他们遵循英语语法规则的程度以及彼此之间的逻辑联系)”可知，研究人员通过对实验数据的分析来进行他们的研究。故选C项。 8．C　主旨大意题。根据第一段“With the help from an artificial language (AL) model, MIT neuroscientists have discovered what kind of sentences are most likely to fire up the brain's key language processing centers.(在人工语言(AL)模型的帮助下，麻省理工学院的神经科学家们发现了哪种句子最有可能激活大脑的关键语言处理中心)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了MIT神经科学家利用人工语言模型进行的一项新研究，揭示了哪种类型的句子最有可能激发大脑关键的语言处理中心，所以C项“AL Model Reveals the Secrets of Brain Activation(人工智能模型揭示了大脑激活的秘密)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 Ⅱ．完形填空★ (2025·菏泽一模)It has been another long, rough winter here in the mountains of my home.And today as I looked at the broken __1__ littering my yard it brought back __2__ from another rough winter several years ago. A foot of snow had fallen and was rapidly melting.The __3__ from the hills had swollen the rivers, filled the ditches and __4__ puddles(小水洼)in the road.In addition to this broken and fallen tree branches were everywhere.I was __5__ home and suddenly saw one of these branches had broken off a tree overhanging the __6__ and fallen across it.It was big enough to damage my car if I didn't stop in time so I __7__ on the brake and hit my emergency flashers. I got out of my car __8__ and tried to pull the branch to the side of the road.This branch was a lot __9__ than I thought it would be.Inch by inch I __10__ it off the road.When it was finally safely moved to the side I__11__ and smiled.Just then a little red car raced around the curve(弯道), __12__ a pool of water in the road and splashed my pants.I shook my head and laughed at the __13__ of it all. Sometimes we all do good things in this life only to get __14__ with dirty water for our kindness.When this happens just remember that the real reason you do good is because of the __15__ inside of you. 1．A.branches　　　　 　B．fences C．blocks D．bricks 2．A.adventures B．laughter C．scenery D．memories 3．A.rainbow B．runoff C．flood D．fountain 4．A.dug B．constructed C．formed D．built 5．A.driving B．walking C．riding D．sailing 6．A.car B．river C．road D．hill 7．A.headed B．knocked C．kicked D．stepped 8．A.reluctantly B．quickly C．happily D．quietly 9．A.longer B．shorter C．heavier D．lighter 10．A.threw B．pushed C．buried D．pulled 11．A.stood up B．lay down C．sat down D．stayed up 12．A.sprayed B．hit C．sucked D．poured 13．A.difficulty B．benefit C．beginning D．result 14．A.rewarded B．injured C．encouraged D．confused 15．A.desire B．love C．seed D．dream 【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者清理道路上的树枝最后被溅湿，感悟到即使在做好事时可能会受到不公待遇，但内心的善良才是重要的。 1．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，当我看着院子里散落着的断枝时，我想起了几年前另一个艰难的冬天。A.branches树枝；B.fences围栏；C.blocks街区；D.bricks砖块。根据下文的“In addition to this broken and fallen tree branches were everywhere.”可知，现在的“我”看着院子里散落着的树枝。故选A项。 2．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，当我看着院子里散落着的断枝时，我回忆起几年前另一个艰难的冬天。A.adventures冒险；B.laughter笑声；C.scenery风景；D.memories回忆。根据上文的“It has been another long, rough winter here in the mountains of my home.”和下文的“from another rough winter several years ago”可知，现在这个严冬让“我”回忆起几年前的一个冬天。故选D项。 3．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：从山上流下的水使河水涨了起来，填满了沟渠，在路上形成了水坑。A.rainbow彩虹；B.runoff径流；C.flood洪水；D.fountain喷泉。根据上文的“A foot of snow had fallen and was rapidly melting.”可知，雪在山上融化后流了下来。故选B项。 4．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：从山上流下的水使河水涨了起来，填满了沟渠，在路上形成了水坑。A.dug挖；B.constructed建造；C.formed形成；D.built建立。根据上文的“The...from the hills had swollen the rivers, filled the ditches...”可知，从山上流下的水使河水上涨，填满沟渠，在路上会形成水坑。故选C项。 5．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正开车回家，突然看到其中一根树枝从一棵树上折断悬垂在了路上并倒在了路面上。A.driving驾驶； B.walking步行；C.riding骑行；D.sailing航行。根据下文的“It was big enough to damage my car if I didn't stop in time”可知，“我”是开车回的家。故选A项。 6．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我正开车回家，突然看到其中一根树枝从一棵树上折断悬垂在了路上并倒在了路面上。A.car汽车；B.river河流；C.road道路；D.hill山丘。根据下文的“fallen across it”可知，折断的树枝横跨在路面上，说明它掉下来之前横跨在路面之上。故选C项。 7．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：它足够大会损坏我的车如果我不及时刹车的话，所以我赶紧踩下刹车，打开紧急闪光灯。A.headed驶向； B.knocked敲击；C.kicked踢； D．stepped踩。根据上文的“It was big enough to damage my car if I didn't stop in time”可知，如果“我”不及时停车，它大得足以损坏“我”的车，因此“我”赶紧踩下刹车。故选D项。 8．B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：我快速下了车，试图把树枝拉到路边。A.reluctantly不情愿地； B．quickly迅速地；C.happily快乐地；D.quietly安静地。根据下文的“tried to pull the branch to the side of the road”可知，折断的树枝横跨在路面之上是很危险的。“我”快速下车把它挪开。故选B项。 9．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这根树枝比我想象的要重得多。A.longer更长的；B.shorter更短的；C.heavier更重的；D.lighter更轻的。根据下文的“Inch by inch I．..it off the road.”可知，“我”我一寸一寸地把它拉离马路，说明这根树枝比想象中要重得多。故选C项。 10．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一寸一寸地把它拉离马路。A.threw扔； B．pushed推；C.buried埋藏；D.pulled拉。根据下文的“When it was finally safely moved to the side”可知，“我”拉这根树枝离开路面。故选D项。 11．A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：当它终于被安全地移到一边时，我站起来，笑了。A.stood up站起来；B.lay down躺下；C.sat down坐下；D.stayed up熬夜。根据上文的“Inch by inch I．..it off the road.”及常识可知，“我”在拉这根树枝离开路面的时候需要弯下腰，再由本句的“When it was finally safely moved to the side”可知，完成任务后“我”应该站起来。故选A项。 12．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一辆红色的小汽车绕过弯道，压到了路上的一滩水，溅到了我的裤子上。A.sprayed喷洒； B．hit撞击，压；C.sucked吸；D.poured倾倒。根据下文的“splashed my pants”可知，这辆车压到一滩水从而溅到了“我”的裤子上。故选B项。 13．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我摇了摇头，对这一结果哈哈大笑。A.difficulty困难；B.benefit好处； C．beginning开始；D.result结果。根据本句的“I shook my head”可知，“我”对那辆车撞到一滩水从而溅到了“我”的裤子上感到无奈，但是对这个结果一笑了之。故选D项。 14．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们在生活中做了好事，却换来了脏水作为回报。A.rewarded回报；B.injured伤害；C.encouraged鼓励；D.confused困惑。根据上文的“Just then a little red car raced around the curve, ...a pool of water in the road and splashed my pants.”可知，“我”因为挪开挡路的树枝而被溅到脏水，感慨做好事却得到了被溅到脏水的“回报”。故选A项。 15．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这种情况发生时，请记住，你做好事的真正原因是因为你内心的爱。A.desire欲望； B．love爱；C.seed种子；D.dream梦想。根据上文的“It was big enough to damage my car if I didn't stop in time”和“I got out of my car...and tried to pull the branch to the side of the road.”可知，“我”及时发现了树枝并挪开，使后来的车辆能够安全通过，这是出于一种对他人的“爱”。故选B项。 Ⅲ．语法填空 (2025·承德二模)The Chinese character zhen(振), meaning “vitalize”， 1.________(name) the nation's most popular character related to domestic affairs this year, while the character wei, 2.________ meaning is “risk” or “crisis”， was chosen as 3.________(hot) for international topics.The characters are among a list of popular words, as well as phrases，4.________(collect) in an annual assessment organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education's National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Commercial Press publishing house. Organizers explained that “vitalize” represents 5.________ upward trend and a gesture of trying to make an effort, and that's the spirit one should have 6.________ the face of challenges and obstacles, 7.________ it's a country or an individual.Meanwhile, it pointed out that internationally, the world's path has come to a crossroads amid wars and conflicts, sluggish economies, a 8.________(wide) gap of development and a worsening environment.Organizers called for looking for opportunities hidden in these 9.________ (crisis) and using dialogue and cooperation to handle differences in order to build a fair, better world. In addition to characters, gaozhiliang fazhan, or high­quality development, was chosen 10.________(be) the key domestic phrase of the year, while ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2024年中国国内和国际上最受欢迎的汉字和词汇。 1．was named　考查时态语态。句意：“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字，而“危”的汉字则被选为最热门的国际话题。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，主语The character zhen与name之间为被动关系，结合下文时态可知，这里要使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数谓语使用相应的第三人称单数，故填was named。 2．whose　考查定语从句。句意：“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字，而“危”的汉字则被选为最热门的国际话题。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了非限制性定语从句先行词the character wei与从句主语meaning之间为所属关系，使用关系代词whose作定语，故填whose。 3．the hottest　考查形容词最高级。句意：“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字，而“危”的汉字则被选为最热门的国际话题。结合上文语境可知，此处要使用形容词最高级作，故填the hottest。 4．collected　考查非谓语动词。句意：这些字符是由教育部国家语言资源监测与研究中心和商务印书馆等机构组织的年度评估中收集的流行单词和短语列表之一。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词，且没有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，a list of popular words, as well as phrases与collect之间为被动关系，此处使用过去分词作后置定语，故填collected。 5．an　考查冠词。句意：组织者解释说，“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态，这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神，无论它是一个国家还是个人。分析句子结构可知，trend“趋势”可数名词表泛指，前缺少不定冠词，upward以元音音素开头，要用an，故填an。 6．in　考查介词。句意：组织者解释说，“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态，这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神，无论它是一个国家还是个人。短语in the face of“面对”符合句意，故填in。 7．whether　考查让步状语从句。句意：组织者解释说，“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态，这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神，无论它是一个国家还是个人。结合句意可知，此处使用whether …or….“无论…还是…”引导让步状语从句，故填whether。 8．widening　考查形容词(现在分词)。句意：同时，报告指出，在国际上，世界道路已在战争和冲突、经济低迷、发展差距扩大和环境恶化中走到十字路口。分析句子结构可知，此处使用形容词(也可理解成现在分词)作定语修饰名词 gap，widening“不断加宽的”符合句意，故填widening。 9．crises　考查名词复数。句意：组织者呼吁寻找隐藏在这些危机中的机会，并利用对话与合作来处理分歧，以建设一个公平、更美好的世界。根据设空前的these可知这里要使用可数名词的复数形式，故填crises。 10．to be　考查非谓语动词。句意：除了文字，“高质量发展”被选为年度国内重点短语，而ChatGPT被评为年度国际主题短语。短语 be chosen to be“被选作…”，故填to be。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$