课时作业(18)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(十八)　Unit 2　Looking Into The Future Ⅰ．阅读理解 A★ (2025·衢州、丽水、湖州三市联考)Some talk of building settlements on the moon or mars to help make sure humanity survives long into the future.Others have their sights set closer to home: on future cities under the ocean. “Technologically speaking, it is absolutely possible to colonize the bottom of the sea，” says Fabien Cousteau, a well­known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world's only functioning undersea habitat, Aquarius.It's about the size of a school bus and located 62 feet below the ocean surface off the Florida Keys. Just as astronauts test what it would be like to live in space, aquanauts try out undersea living with an eye on the future.Escaping from disasters such as climate change, wars, or pandemics is one reason to live under the sea.Others include studying, exploring, or appreciating the ocean.It's costly and expensive to constantly keep up an ocean habitat which must pump in or make its own air, electricity, and fresh water.Inhabitants have to deal with high pressure.And infections can develop rapidly due to high humidity. Despite the challenges, several new ocean habitats and cities are under construction.A series of space station­like undersea living quarters for aquanauts called Proteus are scheduled to be completed by 2025 off Curacao, an island north of Venezuela in South America.An undersea colony called Ven Base Alpha will be built near a hydrothermal vent, which would supply it with energy.Meanwhile, an undersea city called Ocean Spiral in Japan would link its surface to the deep sea, using the difference in pressure to generate energy and produce fresh water.This sounds amazing, but it would be extremely expensive and remains just a design. Not everyone agrees that building homes in the ocean is a good idea.This type of development could place even more strain on ecosystems that are already struggling with pollution and climate change.It's important to make sure that any construction is done carefully, says Susanne Menden­Deuer, an oceanographer at the University of Rhode Island.Wild undersea habitats should be treated as “the precious, irreplaceable resource that they are，” she says. 1．What do we know about Aquarius? A．It is still under construction. B．It functions as an undersea school bus. C．It is the only ocean habitat in operation. D．It only allows a person to live there for 31 days. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A.The present and future of living under the sea. B．The reasons and challenges of living under the sea. C．The purpose and cost of building undersea settlements. D．The problems and findings of building undersea settlements.　 3．What would be the result of building homes in the ocean according to the text? A．Rapid development of undersea habitats. B．Protection of irreplaceable ocean resource. C．Negative impacts on undersea ecosystems. D．Struggles with pollution and climate change. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．An academic article. D．A science magazine. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是未来海底城市的展望以及建立海底城市存在的问题。 1．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fabien Cousteau, a well­known ocean explorer who once spent 31 days living in what is now the world's only functioning undersea habitat, Aquarius.(著名的海洋探险家Fabien Cousteau曾经在现在世界上唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地——Aquarius内生活了31天。)”可知，Fabien Cousteau说他在唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地——Aquarius内生活了31天，由此可知，Aquarius是现在唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地。故选C项。 2．B　主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Escaping from disasters such as climate change, wars, or pandemics is one reason to live under the sea.Others include studying, exploring, or appreciating the ocean.It's costly and expensive to constantly keep up an ocean habitat which must pump in or make its own air, electricity, and fresh water.(逃避气候变化、战争或流行病等灾难是人们生活在海底的原因之一。其他包括学习、探索或欣赏海洋。持续维持海洋栖息地是昂贵的，它必须自己泵入或制造空气、电力和淡水。居民们必须应对高压。)”可知，人们之所以生活在海底是为了逃避气候变化、战争或流行病等灾难，而且维持海洋栖息地是非常昂贵的，由此可知，第三段讲述了人们生活在海底的原因以及所面临的挑战。故选B项。 3．C　细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Not everyone agrees that building homes in the ocean is a good idea.This type of development could place even more strain on ecosystems that are already struggling with pollution and climate change.( 并不是每个人都同意在海洋里建房子是个好主意。这种发展可能会给已经在与污染和气候变化作斗争的生态系统带来更大的压力。)”可知，并非所有人都赞成在海洋里建房子，因为在海底建房子会使得与污染和气候变化作斗争的生态系统带来更大的压力，由此可知，在海底建房子会对海底的生态系统造成负面的影响。故选C 项。 4．D　推理判断题。根据首段“Some talk of building settlements on the moon or mars to help make sure humanity survives long into the future.Others have their sights set closer to home: on future cities under the ocean.(一些人谈到在月球或火星上建立定居点，以帮助确保人类在未来长期生存。其他人则把目光投向了离家更近的地方：未来的海底城市。)”可知，为帮助确保人类在未来长期生存，很多人把目光投向建立未来海底城市，由此可知，本文讲述的内容有种科幻的性质，所以文章可能出自于科学杂志。故选D项。 B Playing with my 5­year­old child, I sometimes wonder: Why are her made­up games so terribly boring? In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas. Kids, he argues, fail to imagine obvious possibilities. To gather evidence for this argument, Shtulman explores mechanisms (机制) for expanding imagination. Without support of others or new tools and technologies, people may reject reasonable ideas out of hand, he maintains. Lord Kelvin, for instance, famously denied the possibility of “heavier­than­air flying machines” less than 10 years before the Wright brothers created one. Abstract principles, like those so influential in science and ethics (伦理学), also boost imagination. Finally, imagination grows through exploring alternative models of the world, as in plays, fiction and so on. Across all of these examples, expanding imagination requires building closely on what people already know. Perhaps counterintuitively (反直觉地), kids relate best to realistic stories. For instance, Walt Disney's earliest cartoons were disorganized and strange. Only when the cartoons became “reasonably impossible” did they gain mass appeal. Many fictional worlds, from Middle Earth to Hogwarts, rely on reasonable impossibility. Shtulman cleverly and precisely sails this vast, attractive sea. Learning to Imagine never drags or makes me get stuck on professional words. I wish, however, that there had been more focus on what these findings mean. If education does not_hinder imagination, how do we develop it? Shtulman advises us to “engage with, and learn from, the collective knowledge of other people”. AI programs like GPT take that approach, educating themselves on massive data sets. “Be like GPT” is not the most heartening message. But while humans cannot learn large amounts of data quickly and easily like AI, human imagination is shared and cooperative. That, at least, is something all of us—5­year­olds and their dads alike—have over the chatbots. 5．What's the misunderstanding about imagination according to Shtulman? A．It's an inborn ability. B．It helps broaden the mind. C．Children are full of it. D．Inventions are based on it. 6．What does expanding imagination depend on? A．Known information. B．Realistic principles. C．Gradual exploration. D．Supportable arguments. 7．What does the underlined word “hinder” mean in paragraph 4? A．Improve.　　　　　　B．Prevent. C．Stress. D．Dismiss. 8．What is the text? A．A research report. B．A personal diary. C．A children's story. D．A book review. 【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Andrew Shtulman在《学会想象》一书中关于想象力的观点和建议。 5．C　细节理解题。根据第一段“In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas.(在《学会想象》一书中，心理学家安德鲁·什图尔曼认为孩子是想象力的不受控制的源泉是不正确的。相反，我们学得越多，我们就越有想象力，而学习不会阻碍我们的想象力)”可知，在Shtulman看来，关于想象力的误解是孩子们满脑子都是。故选C。 6．A　细节理解题。根据第二段“Finally, imagination grows through exploring alternative models of the world, as in plays, fiction and so on. Across all of these examples, expanding imagination requires building closely on what people already know.(最后，想象力通过探索世界的不同模式而增长，如在戏剧、小说等中。在所有这些例子中，扩展想象力需要紧密地建立在人们已经知道的基础上)”可知，扩展想象力依赖于已知信息。故选A。 7．B　词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“imagination, how do we develop it？”以及“Shtulman advises us to “engage with, and learn from, the collective knowledge of other people”. AI programs like GPT take that approach, educating themselves on massive data sets.(Shtulman建议我们“参与并从他人的集体知识中学习”。像GPT这样的人工智能程序采用这种方法，在海量数据集上进行自我教育)”可知，后文提到Shtulman建议人们进行自我教育来开发想象力，可知划线词所在句的意思是假设在教育不会阻止想象力的情况下，我们如何发展想象力。故划线词意思是“阻止”。故选B。 8．D　推理判断题。根据第一段“In Learning to Imagine, psychologist Andrew Shtulman thinks it untrue that kids are uncontrolled wellsprings of imagination. On the contrary, the more we learn, the more imaginative we can become, and learning will not hold back imaginative ideas.(在《学会想象》一书中，心理学家安德鲁·什图尔曼认为孩子是想象力的不受控制的源泉是不正确的。相反，我们学得越多，我们就越有想象力，而学习不会阻碍我们的想象力)”结合文章主要介绍了Andrew Shtulman在《学会想象》一书中关于想象力的观点和建议。可知，文章是一篇书评。故选D。 Ⅱ．完形填空 (2025·湖北联考)Community ovens are a centuries­old tradition worldwide.There are actually records going back to the 12th century when home ovens were not __1__．The community ovens were places where people chatted together while their food was __2__． Fast forward to today, Brickyard Bakery has __3__ the unique approach.It __4__ to bake cakes for customers and provides them with a warm place to stay while their cakes, which __5__ take four or more hours to bake, are in the oven.It's reported that due to the increasing cost of fuel, many individuals cannot __6__ to leave their ovens on that long. Owner Ed Hamilton­Trewhitt told the BBC, “We've __7__ the idea of a community oven from ancient times.People can __8__ their cake base (胚) at home.But __9__ being baked in their own ovens, it can be __10__ to our bakery for a large amount of baking.” “It struck me that if one was __11__ about the energy costs of baking the Christmas cake, there would be lots more out there __12__ the same situation，” he added.“In the big picture, it costs me so little but makes a massive __13__．” The response to this attempt has been so __14__ that Hamilton­Trewhitt has provided the __15__ until right before Christmas.After all, that's what being a good neighbor is all about. 1．A.reliable　　　　　　 B．available C．safe D．useful 2．A.saved B．shared C．displayed D．cooked 3．A.witnessed B．suggested C．adopted D．advertised 4．A.offers B．fails C．declines D．happens 5．A.exactly B．hardly C．typically D．occasionally 6．A.afford B．wait C．fear D．refuse 7．A.challenged B．explained C．removed D．reintroduced 8．A.bake B．prepare C．cut D．enjoy 9．A.instead of B．regardless of C．due to D．as for 10．A.returned B．delivered C．sold D．lent 11．A.excited B．curious C．upset D．certain 12．A.accustomed to B．devoted to C．satisfied with D．faced with 13．A.difference B．profit C．decision D．development 14．A.direct B．positive C．complex D．timely 15．A.food B．fuel C．recipe D．service 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Brickyard面包店沿用了古老的社区烤箱的想法，给人们提供了可以边聊天边烤食物的服务，这也帮助节省了顾客烘烤的燃料费用。 1．B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，有记录可以追溯到12世纪，当时还没有家用烤箱。A.reliable可依靠的；B.available可用的，可获得的；C.safe安全的；D.useful有用的。根据上文中的“Community ovens are a centuries­old tradition worldwide.(社区烤箱是全世界有数百年历史的传统。)”和空前的“records going back to the 12th century when home ovens were not”可知，社区烤箱有上百年历史，它能追溯到12世纪，当时没有家用烤箱。故选B。 2．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：社区烤炉是人们在烤食物时一起聊天的地方。A.saved节省；B.shared分享；C.displayed展示；D.cooked煮(或烘烤、煎炸等)。根据句中的“The community ovens”和下文中的“bake cakes”可知，社区烤箱给人们提供边聊天边烤食物的场所。故选D。 3．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：快进到今天，Brickyard面包店采用了这种独特的方法。A.witnessed目睹；B.suggested建议；C.adopted采用；D.advertised做广告。根据空后的“the unique approach”和下文中的“It __4__to bake cakes for customers and provides them with a warm place to stay while their cakes, which __5__take four or more hours to bake, are in the oven.”可知，Brickyard面包店采用了社区烤箱这种独特的方法。故选C。 4．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：它为顾客提供烤蛋糕的服务，并为他们提供一个可以待的温暖地方，同时让他们在烤箱里烤蛋糕，通常需要四个或更多小时。A.offers主动提出，提供；B.fails失败，未能；C.declines下降；D.happens发生。根据空后的“to bake cakes for customers and provides them with a warm place to stay ”可知，Brickyard面包店为顾客提供烤蛋糕的服务。且下文“that Hamilton­Trewhitt has provided ”也是提示。故选A。 5．C　考查副词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.exactly精确地；B.hardly几乎不；C.typically通常，一般；D.occasionally偶尔。根据空后的“take four or more hours to bake”并结合常识可知，烤蛋糕通常需要四个或更多小时。故选C。 6．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：据报道，由于燃料成本的增加，许多人无法承受烤箱开那么久。A.afford买得起，负担得起；B.wait等待；C.fear害怕；D.refuse拒绝。根据句中的“due to the increasing cost of fuel”可知，由于燃料成本上升，许多个人支付不起开太久烤箱的燃料费用。故选A。 7．D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们重新引入了旧时社区烤箱的想法。A.challenged向……挑战；B.explained解释；C.removed移开；D.reintroduced再次使用，重新引入。根据上文中的“Fast forward to today, Brickyard Bakery has __3__the unique approach.”可知，Brickyard面包店采用了社区烤箱这种古老的做法，也就是重新引入了这种传统想法。故选D。 8．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们可以在家里准备蛋糕胚。A.bake烘烤；B.prepare准备；C.cut切，割；D.enjoy喜爱。根据空后的“their cake base (胚) at home”和下文中的“it can be __10__to our bakery for a large amount of baking”可知，顾客可以在家准备好蛋糕胚，然后在面包店烘烤。故选B。 9．A　考查介词短语辨析。句意：但不是在自己的烤箱里烤制，而是可以送到我们的面包店进行大量烘焙。A.instead of而不是；B.regardless of不管；C.due to由于；D.as for至于。“being baked in their own ovens”和“it can be __10__to our bakery for a large amount of baking”之间是替代关系，这里是说可以在面包店大量烘焙，而不是在家里的烤箱烘焙。故选A。 10．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.returned返回；B.delivered运载，交付；C.sold卖；D.lent借出。根据空后的“to our bakery”可知，这里表示把蛋糕胚拿到面包店里烤制。故选B。 11．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他补充道：“我突然想到，如果有人对烤圣诞蛋糕的能源成本感到烦恼，那么外面还会有更多人面临同样的情况。”A.excited兴奋的；B.curious好奇的；C.upset失望，难过，烦恼的；D.certain肯定的。根据空后的“about the energy costs of baking the Christmas cake”和上文中的“due to the increasing cost of fuel, many individuals cannot __6__to leave their ovens on that long”可知，这里表示对烤圣诞蛋糕的高昂能源成本感到烦恼。故选C。 12．D　考查形容词短语辨析。句意参考上题。A.accustomed to习惯于；B.devoted to致力于；C.satisfied with满意；D.faced with面对。根据空后的“the same situation”可知，这里表示有更多人面临着同样的情况。故选D。 13．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，它花费我很少，但却产生了巨大的影响。A.difference差异，不同；B.profit利润；C.decision决定；D.development发展。结合前文提到社区烤箱不仅可以节约个人开销还可以把社区的居民集中到一起可知，这里是说社区烤箱这种服务能够产生巨大影响。make a difference意为“起作用，有影响”。故选A。 14．B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对这一尝试的反应是如此积极，以至于Hamilton­Trewhitt一直提供这项服务，直到圣诞节前。A.direct直接的；B.positive积极的；C.complex复杂的；D.timely及时的。根据句中的“Hamilton­Trewhitt has provided the __15__until right before Christmas”可知，Hamilton­Trewhitt一直提供这项服务，直到圣诞节前，由此可知，人们对社区烤箱的反应非常积极。故选B。 15．D　考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A.food食物；B.fuel燃料；C.recipe食谱；D.service服务。根据上文中的“It __4__to bake cakes for customers and provides them with a warm place to stay while their cakes, which __5__take four or more hours to bake, are in the oven.”可知，社区烤箱是Brickyard面包店提供的烘焙服务。故选D。 Ⅲ．语法填空 (2025·潍坊一模)Wing Chun is a southern Chinese kung fu style descends from Shaolin Kung Fu.It has the distinction of having been founded by two women, Ng Mui and Yim Wing­chun. The Wing Chun style is known for placing 1.________ (emphasize) on technique rather than strength.This style also calls for practitioners to stay relaxed while 2.________(fight), allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility.This relaxed flexibility gives Wing Chun fighter 3.________ special kind of strength that allows them to bend, not break, just like bamboo. Legend has it that Wing Chun founder Ng Mui was living at Shaolin Temple 4.________ it was attacked and destroyed by Qing dynasty forcers.Surviving the attack, she escaped 5.____ the border area between Yunnan and Sichuan.There she met a young woman 6.________ (name)Yim Wing­chun, who 7.________ (final) became one of her top students.She taught Yim an improved version of Shaolin Kung Fu, known as Wing Chun now.This new martial art 8.________ (spread) and grown into different branches over the past two hundred years. Ip Man, featured in the eponymous (同名的) hit films, 9.________(be) a notable practitioner of Wing Chun style martial arts.He also taught the Wing Chun style to his student, Bruce Lee, who would go on to act in the beloved Hong Kong kung fu movies 10.________ helped make Chinese martial arts famous around the world. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对咏春拳这一中国南方武术形式进行了介绍，包括其起源、发展、技术特点以及相关的历史人物。 1．emphasis　考查名词。句意：咏春拳风格以强调技术而不是力量而闻名。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，构成短语：place emphasis on，意为“强调……”，符合句意。故填emphasis。 2．fighting　考查非谓语动词。句意：这种风格也要求练习者在战斗时保持放松，使他们达到一种柔软或灵活。这里为状语从句的省略，完全形式为：while they are fighting，省略主语＋be，用现在分词表示动作的同时发生。故填fighting。 3．a　考查冠词。句意：这种放松的柔韧性赋予咏春拳运动员一种特殊的力量，使他们能够像竹子一样弯曲而不是折断。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词。构成短语：a kind of，意为“一种……”。故填a。 4．when　考查状语从句。句意：相传咏春拳创始人五枚师太正住在少林寺时，少林寺遭到清朝军队的袭击和摧毁。这里为状语从句的连接词，意为“当……时”，用连接词“when”。故填when。 5．to　考查介词。句意：在袭击中幸存下来，她逃到了云南和四川的边境地区。根据句意可知，空处指的是“逃往……”，用介词to，构成短语：escape to，意为“逃到某地”。故填to。 6．named　考查非谓语动词。句意：在那里，她遇到了一位名叫严咏春的年轻女子，她最终成为了她最优秀的学生之一。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a young woman”和动词“name”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填named。 7．finally　考查副词。句意：在那里，她遇到了一位名叫严咏春的年轻女子，她最终成为了她最优秀的学生之一。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词担当本句的状语。故填finally。 8．has spread考查时态。句意：在过去的两百年里，这种新的武术已经传播并发展成不同的分支。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“over the past two hundred years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“this new martial art”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has spread。 9．was　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：叶问，同名热门电影中的主角，是一位著名的咏春拳练习者。这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“Ip Man”，谓语动词用单数。故填was。 10．that/which　考查定语从句。句意：他还教他的学生李小龙咏春拳，李小龙后来出演了深受喜爱的香港功夫电影，这些电影使中国武术闻名世界。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Hong Kong kung fu movies”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填that/which。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$