课时作业(8)(Word练习)-【金榜题名】2026年高考英语一轮总复习

课时作业(八)　Unit 2　Wildlife Protection Ⅰ．阅读理解 A★ (2025·安徽巢湖一模)A key part of protecting endangered species is figuring out where they're living.Using environmental DNA, or eDNA, to track species isn't new.For a few years now, researchers have been using DNA in water. Two teams of scientists—one in Denmark led by Dr Kristine Bohmann and one in the UK led by Dr Elizabeth Clare—came up with the same question at about the same time: Could they identify the animals in an area from DNA that was simply floating in the air? DNA in the air is usually so small that it would take a microscope to see it.“I thought the chances of collecting animal DNA from air would be slim though much time had been spent on it, but we moved on，” said Bohmann who was trying to think of a crazy research idea for a Danish foundation that funds far­out science. One team collected samples from different locations at Denmark's Copenhagen Zoo, and the other at Hamerton Zoo Park in the UK.Clearly, they both chose the zoos.“We realized we have the Copenhagen Zoo，” Bohmann recalls.In fact, both the zoos in the UK and Denmark were almost like the zoos that were custom­built for the experiments: The animals in the zoos were non­native, so they really stuck out in DNA analyses.“If we detect a flamingo (火烈鸟), we're sure it's not coming from anywhere else but the zoo，” Bohmann says. In the laboratory, by comparing their samples with examples of DNA from different animals, the scientists succeeded in identifying many different animals at the zoos. Neither team knew that the other team was working on a similar experiment.The two were nearing submission to a scientific journal when they discovered about the other experiment.Rather than compete to rush out a publication first, they got in touch and decided to publish their findings as a pair.“We both thought the papers are stronger together，” says Clare. “The next step is to figure out how to take this method into nature to track animals that are hard to spot, including endangered animals，” says Bohmann. 1．What did Bohmann initially think of the experiment? A．It could be a failure. B．It wouldn't take long. C．It wasn't original. D．It would cost much. 2．Why did the scientists look for animal DNA in the zoos? A．They raised many rare animals there. B．The zoos were specially built for them. C．They could collect enough animal DNA. D．They could recognize animals confidently. 3．How was the two teams' relationship when they learned of each other's work? A．Competitive.　　　　B．Inseparable. C．Cooperative. D．Casual. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Research Teams Test DNA in Nature B．DNA in the Air Helps identify Animals C．Different Zoos Conduct DNA Studies D．eDNA Protects Endangered Animals 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丹麦和英国的两个科学家小组几乎同时提出同样的问题：能否通过漂浮在空气中的DNA来识别该地区的动物？通过实验，他们给出肯定的答案，这可以帮助科学家追踪难以发现的动物，保护濒危动物。 1．A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“‘I thought the chances of collecting animal DNA from air would be slim though much time had been spent on it, but we moved on，’ said Bohmann who was trying to think of a crazy research idea for a Danish foundation that funds far­out science.(‘我认为从空气中收集动物DNA的可能性很小，尽管已经花了很多时间，但我们继续前进，’Bohmann说，他正在为一家资助标新立异科学的丹麦基金会想出一个疯狂的研究想法。)”可推知，Bohmann一开始认为从空气中收集动物DNA的可能性很小，由此推知，他一开始认为这个实验可能会失败。故选A。 2．D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In fact, both the zoos in the UK and Denmark were almost like the zoos that were custom­built for the experiments: The animals in the zoos were non­native, so they really stuck out in DNA analyses.‘If we detect a flamingo, we're sure it's not coming from anywhere else but the zoo，’ Bohmann says.(事实上，英国和丹麦的动物园几乎就像为实验定制的动物园：动物园里的动物都不是本地的，所以它们在DNA分析中真的很突出。‘如果我们发现一只火烈鸟，我们肯定它不是来自动物园以外的任何地方，’Bohmann说)”可知，科学家在动物园寻找DNA是因为动物园里的动物不是本地动物，这样，如果科学家根据空气中的DNA识别出某种动物如火烈鸟，它们就能确认该动物来自动物园。因此，他们能自信地识别动物。故选D。 3．C　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Neither team knew that the other team was working on a similar experiment.The two were nearing submission to a scientific journal when they discovered about the other experiment.Rather than compete to rush out a publication first, they got in touch and decided to publish their findings as a pair.‘We both thought the papers are stronger together，’ says Clare.(两个团队都不知道另一个团队也在做类似的实验。当他们发现另一项实验时，两人正准备向一份科学杂志投稿。他们没有争先恐后地先发表一篇论文，而是联系了一下，决定一起发表他们的发现。克莱尔说：‘我们都认为论文放在一起会更有说服力。’)”可推知，当两个团队知道了彼此的研究工作后，决定两个团队合作，共同发表这一发现；由此可知，两个团队是合作关系。故选C。 4．B　主旨大意题。根据文章文章第二段“Two teams of scientists—one in Denmark led by Dr Kristine Bohmann and one in the UK led by Dr Elizabeth Clare — came up with the same question at about the same time: Could they identify the animals in an area from DNA that was simply floating in the air? DNA in the air is usually so small that it would take a microscope to see it.(两组科学家——一组由丹麦的克里斯汀·伯曼博士领导，另一组由英国的伊丽莎白·克莱尔博士领导——几乎在同一时间提出了同样的问题：他们能从漂浮在空气中的DNA中识别出某个地区的动物吗？空气中的DNA通常很小，要用显微镜才能看到)”及下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了丹麦，英国两组科学家利用动物园空气中的DNA帮助识别某地区的动物，最后成功了，这可以帮助追踪和保护野生动物。B选项“空气中的DNA有助于识别动物”适合作为最佳标题。故选B。 B★ (2025·苏锡常镇四市一模)New research shows that removing black rhinos' horns (犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory (领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other. The study, published in the journal PNAS, found that de­horned South African rhinos have home ranges that are 45 percent smaller than those of complete animals, and that they were 37 percent less likely to engage in social interactions. “The big, dominant bulls that used to have very large territories that overlapped with a lot of females may now have much less territory and much less reproductive (繁殖的) success，” says Vanessa Duthé， who led the work at Switzerland's University of Neuchâtel. “It's really hard to predict the effects of this，” she says.“It doesn't mean that population success will necessarily decline, because it might open up gaps for younger males that would not have had the space or the means before.” Indeed, a University of Bristol study published last year showed that de­horning (去角) does not negatively affect populations overall. But such unintended behavioral consequences necessarily feed into judgments about whether this highly invasive_procedure is worthwhile.Remarkably, perhaps, there is little hard evidence either way.“No one's put all the data together to say whether it's a really effective measure，” says Duthé. “What is clear is that the introduction of de­horning and a decline in illegal hunting has occurred at the same time，” she adds.“But de­horning has been accompanied by other conservation measures that may be more effective.” “It's incredibly complicated，” says Lucy Chimes, a member of the Bristol team.“There are so many other factors involved.You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out — fencing, patrols, staff numbers — and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.” Chimes is currently planning a project that aims to separate these and other factors.In the meantime, Duthé believes that de­horning is a worthwhile tool of last course of action.“A rhino that is behaving a little bit strangely is better than a dead rhino.” 5．What is the purpose of removing the horns of black rhinos? A．To make them less sociable. B．To protect them from being hunted. C．To reduce their home ranges. D．To affect their reproductive success. 6．What does the underlined phrase “invasive procedure” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．The removal of rhino horns. B．The loss of rhino territories. C．The impact on rhino population. D．The change of rhino behavior. 7．What is Chimes' attitude toward the de­horning of black rhinos? A．Supportive.　　　　B．Opposed. C．Unconcerned. D．Uncertain. 8．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．De­horning rhinos shows satisfying effects. B．Various factors lead to the decline in illegal hunting. C．De­horning is the last action researchers will take. D．Rhinos are supposed to behave a little bit strangely. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。新研究表明，为了解决偷猎问题而切掉黑犀牛的角会影响黑犀牛的领地面积和它们之间的社交。而对于这种措施是否有利于动物保护，产生了不同的看法。 5．B　细节理解题。根据第一段“New research shows that removing black rhinos' horns(犀牛角) to make them less attractive to illegal hunters is reducing their territory(领地) sizes and making them less sociable with each other.(新的研究表明，去除黑犀牛的角以降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力，会缩小它们的领地面积，减少它们之间的社交能力。)”可知，切除黑犀牛的角是为了降低它们对非法猎人的吸引力，保护它们不被非法猎杀。故选B。 6．A　短语猜测题。根据划线短语invasive_procedure前的this可知，这里提到的invasive procedure (侵入性手术)指代作者上文中刚提到的事物，结合上一段中的“Indeed, a University of Bristol study published last year showed that dehorning(去角) does not negatively affect populations overall.(事实上，布里斯托大学去年发表的一项研究表明，去角不会对黑犀牛总体数量产生负面影响。)”可知，这里invasive procedure指的是去掉黑犀牛的角。故选A。 7．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘It's incredibly complicated，’ says Lucy Chimes, a member of the Bristol team.‘There are so many other factors involved.You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out—fencing, patrols, staff numbers—and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.’(‘这非常复杂，’布里斯托团队的成员Lucy Chimes说。‘还包括很多其他因素。你必须考虑正在采取的其他安全措施——围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量——以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与。’)”可知，Lucy Chimes没有正面回应切除黑犀牛的角这个问题，而是说偷猎减少这个现象很复杂，除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外，需要考虑到许多因素，由此可推测，她对切除黑犀牛角的态度不确定。故选D。 8．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There are so many other factors involved.You have to consider what other security measures are being carried out—fencing, patrols, staff numbers—and poverty levels surrounding parks, their nearness to national borders and whether there is community engagement.(还包括很多其他因素。你必须考虑正在采取的其他安全措施——围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量——以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与。)”可知，在谈到偷猎减少这个问题时，除了切除黑犀牛角这个因素外，需要考虑到围栏、巡逻、工作人员数量以及公园周围的贫困程度、公园与国家边界的接近度以及是否有社区参与等许多因素，由此可推测出，多种不同的因素导致非法偷猎减少。故选B。 Ⅱ．完形填空★ (2025·石家庄模拟)Eli walked to school every day, a familiar routine that never failed to bring him a sense of peace.The school day __1__ with the bell, and Eli would walk home, his __2__ often included a shortcut through a vacant (空着的) lot where beautiful flowers and trees were growing wild. One particular day, Eli's eyes were caught by a __3__ of blue in the old maple tree on the vacant lot.A blue bird had flown into the tree, __4__ loudly as it landed on a low branch.Eli watched as the bird flew up to higher branches and __5__ into the distance. With the bird gone, Eli noticed something __6__．The branch where the bird had been sitting wasn't empty.There was a bright red __7__ hanging from it, swaying gently in the breeze (微风).__8__， Eli walked towards the tree for a closer look.It was a flat balloon.Eli __9__ that balloons were a form of __10__ and wondered what if a bird tried to __11__ it.He reached out to grab the balloon，__12__to throw it away. But as he picked up the balloon, Eli noticed a __13__ attached to it, which read “these beautiful trees are the home of some special birds.Let's do our bit to __14__ them”．Having seen this, Eli __15__ put back the balloon and walked at a brisk pace towards his home. 1．A.started　　 　 　 　 B．continued C．ended D．worked 2．A.route B．direction C．plan D．goal 3．A.block B．flash C．leaf D．light 4．A.crying B．shouting C．singing D．screaming 5．A.faded B．followed C．went D．fell 6．A.amazing B．familiar C．unusual D．important 7．A.balloon B．bag C．string D．object 8．A.Curious B．Serious C．Upset D．Scared 9．A.said B．knew C．found D．confirmed 10．A.toy B．gift C．litter D．material 11．A.eat B．kick C．get D．take 12．A.ceasing B．intending C．hesitating D．pretending 13．A.letter B．paper C．note D．poster 14．A.preserve B．keep C．watch D．trap 15．A.secretly B．carefully C．really D．ultimately 【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。伊莱在每天放学回家的路上看到一只蓝鸟落在树枝上，鸟儿飞走后，他发现树枝上挂着一个气球，他本来因为担心鸟儿误食气球想把气球扔掉，却在气球上看到一个便签，便签上写着“这些美丽的树木是一些特殊鸟类的家园。让我们尽自己的一份力量来保护它们。”，于是他把气球小心翼翼地放回去，轻快地朝家走去。 1．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：放学铃声一响，伊莱就会走回家，他的路线通常包括一条捷径，穿过一片空地，那里长满了美丽的鲜花和树木。A.started开始；B.continued继续；C.ended结束；D.worked工作。根据“and Eli would walk home”可知，此处是指放学铃声。故选C。 2．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：放学铃声一响，伊莱就会走回家，他的路线通常包括一条捷径，穿过一片空地，那里长满了美丽的鲜花和树木。A.route路线；B.direction方向；C.plan计划；D.goal目标。根据“often included a shortcut through a vacant (空着的) lot”可知，此处是指他的回家路线。故选A。 3．B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，伊莱的眼睛被空地上那棵老枫树上的一个蓝色的闪现吸引住了。A.block街区；B.flash闪现；C.leaf叶子；D.light光。根据后文“A blue bird had flown into the tree(一只蓝鸟飞到了树上)”可知，此处是指一个蓝色的闪现。故选B。 4．C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只蓝鸟飞到树上，落在一根低矮的树枝上，大声地唱着歌。A.crying哭喊；B.shouting大喊；C.singing唱歌；D.screaming尖叫。根据“as it landed on a low branch”可知，此处是指鸟儿唱歌。故选C。 5．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊莱看着鸟儿飞到更高的树枝上，消失在远处。A.faded逐渐消失；B.followed跟随；C.went走；D.fell掉落。根据“into the distance”可知，此处是指消失在远处。故选A。 6．C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鸟不见了，伊莱注意到一些不寻常的事情。A.amazing令人惊奇的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.unusual不寻常的；D.important重要的。根据后文“The branch where the bird had been sitting wasn't empty.(那只鸟坐过的树枝不是空的。)”可知，此处是指不寻常的事情。故选C。 7．A　考查名词词义辨析。句意：树上挂着一个鲜红的气球，在微风中轻轻地摇摆。A.balloon气球；B.bag包；C.string弦；D.object物体。根据后文“It was a flat balloon.(那是一个扁平的气球。)”可知，此处是指树上挂着一个鲜红的气球。故选A。 8．A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：出于好奇，伊莱走向那棵树，想近距离看一看。A.Curious好奇的；B.Serious严肃的；C.Upset失落的；D.Scared恐惧的。根据“Eli walked towards the tree for a closer look”可知，此处是指出于好奇。故选A。 9．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊莱知道气球是一种垃圾，他想知道如果一只鸟试图吃掉它会怎么样。A.said说；B.knew知道；C.found发现；D.confirmed确认。根据“that balloons were a form of”可知，此处是指伊莱知道气球是一种垃圾。故选B。 10．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：伊莱知道气球是一种垃圾，他想知道如果一只鸟试图吃掉它会怎么样。A.toy玩具；B.gift礼物；C.litter垃圾；D.material材料。根据后文“throw it away(扔了它)”可知，此处是指气球是一种垃圾。故选C。 11．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：伊莱知道气球是一种垃圾，他想知道如果一只鸟试图吃掉它会怎么样。A.eat吃；B.kick踢；C.get得到；D.take带走。根据“wondered what if a bird tried to”和“throw it away”可知，此处是指伊莱担心鸟会吃掉气球。故选A。 12．B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他伸手去抓气球，打算把它扔掉。A.ceasing停止；B.intending打算；C.hesitating犹豫；D.pretending假装。根据后文“put back the balloon(把气球放了回去)”可知，此处是指打算把气球扔掉。故选B。 13．C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他拿起气球时，伊莱注意到气球上的一个便签，上面写着：“这些美丽的树木是一些特殊鸟类的家园。让我们尽自己的一份力量来保护它们。”A.letter信；B.paper纸；C.note便签；D.poster海报。根据“attached to it, which read”可知，此处是指气球上有一个便签。故选C。 14．A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当他拿起气球时，伊莱注意到气球上的一个便签，上面写着：“这些美丽的树木是一些特殊鸟类的家园。让我们尽自己的一份力量来保护它们。”A.preserve保护；B.keep保持；C.watch观看；D.trap设陷阱捕捉。根据“these beautiful trees are the home of some special birds”可知，此处是指尽自己的一份力量保护树木。故选A。 15．B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到这一切，伊莱小心翼翼地放回气球，轻快地朝家走去。A.secretly秘密地；B.carefully小心地；C.really真地；D.ultimately最终。根据“Having seen this”和“put back the balloon”可知，此处是指伊莱小心翼翼地放回气球。故选B。 Ⅲ．语法填空 (2025·湖北联考)Mount Fanjing National Nature Reserve is located in the northeastern part of Tongren City in the Province of Guizhou.With a total area of 8，61 hectares (公顷) and 96.5 percent forest 1.________ (cover), this nature reserve is home to many rare and endangered species such as the grey snub­nosed monkey, the Chinese Dove tree, the Fanjingshan Fir tree, 2._______ an old­growth forest eco­system.Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams 3.________ (flow) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls 4.________ form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for 5.________ even more spectacular landscape. In January of 2013, Tongren City officially applied 6.________ (consider) as a world heritage site.In October of the same year, Fanjing 7.________ (add) to China's tentative (试验性的) list of national natural heritage.In February of this year, together with UNESCO, China formally supported the application of Guizhou's Mount Fanjing 8.________ World Heritage status (地位): These applications aim to protect, Mount Fanjing's old­growth forest ecosystem and rare flora and fauna, while at the same time exploiting 9.________ (it) ecological products, promoting sustainable local socio­economic development, and 10.________ (ultimate) achieving a productive balance between protection and development. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是梵净山国家级自然保护区的相关情况。 1．coverage　考查名词。句意：该自然保护区总面积为861公顷，森林覆盖率为96.5%，是许多珍稀濒危物种的家园，如灰金丝猴、中国鸽树、梵净山冷杉和古老的森林生态系统。forest coverage是固定用法，意为“森林覆盖”，因此空格处是coverage。故填coverage。 2．and　考查连词。句意：该自然保护区总面积为861公顷，森林覆盖率为96.5%，是许多珍稀濒危物种的家园，如灰金丝猴、中国鸽树、梵净山冷杉和古老的森林生态系统。the Fanjingshan Fir tree和an old­growth forest eco­system是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and表并列，故填and。 3．flowing　考查非谓语动词。句意：在自然保护区内，你可以看到层层叠叠的山脉和山谷，清澈的溪流流入深蓝色的湖泊，以及强大的冰冻瀑布，在冬天形成闪闪发光的冰瀑，使景观更加壮观。can find是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，streams和flow之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动。作后置定语，故填flowing。 4．which/that　考查定语从句。句意：在自然保护区内，你可以看到层层叠叠的山脉和山谷，清澈的溪流流入深蓝色的湖泊，以及强大的冰冻瀑布，在冬天形成闪闪发光的冰瀑，使景观更加壮观。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词waterfalls是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。 5．an　考查冠词。句意：在自然保护区内，你可以看到层层叠叠的山脉和山谷，清澈的溪流流入深蓝色的湖泊，以及强大的冰冻瀑布，在冬天形成闪闪发光的冰瀑，使景观更加壮观。landscape是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，even是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。 6．to be considered　考查不定式和被动语态。句意：2013年1月，铜仁市正式申请列入世界遗产名录。apply to do sth.意为“申请做某事”，Tongren City和consider之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态，即to be done，故填to be considered。 7．was added　考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：同年10月，梵净山被列入中国国家自然遗产暂定名录。由In October of the same year可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，Fanjing和add之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语Fanjing是单数，因此空格处是was added。故填was added。 8．for　考查介词。句意：今年2月，中国与联合国教科文组织共同正式支持了贵州梵净山的世界遗产申请：这些申请旨在保护梵净山的原始森林生态系统和珍稀动植物，同时开发利用其生态产品，促进当地社会经济可持续发展，最终实现保护与发展的生产性平衡。the application for是固定短语，意为“……的申请”，因此空格处是介词for，故填for。 9．its　考查物主代词。句意：今年2月，中国与联合国教科文组织共同正式支持了贵州梵净山的世界遗产申请：这些申请旨在保护梵净山的原始森林生态系统和珍稀动植物，同时开发利用其生态产品，促进当地社会经济可持续发展，最终实现保护与发展的生产性平衡。it和ecological products之间是所属关系，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 10．ultimately　考查副词。句意：今年2月，中国与联合国教科文组织共同正式支持了贵州梵净山的世界遗产申请：这些申请旨在保护梵净山的原始森林生态系统和珍稀动植物，同时开发利用其生态产品，促进当地社会经济可持续发展，最终实现保护与发展的生产性平衡。空格处用副词修饰动词achieving，ultimate的副词是ultimately，意为“最终”。故填ultimately。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$