Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and usage （课件）英语译林版2020必修第一册

Grammar and Usage(I) Sentence Elements and Sentence Structures Unit 1 Back to school Contents Contents 1. Warm-up 2. Explanation 3. Presentation 4. Practice 5. Homework Warm-up Task 1 Point out the sentence elements of the underlined part(s) of the following sentences. 1. The teacher explained the concept clearly. 2. We found the movie extremely boring. 3. Clearly, talking to him is a mistake. 4. Reading books expands your knowledge. 5. Setting realistic goals is the first step to success. 6. With determination and hard work, you can achieve anything you desire. 7. She gave me a gift wrapped in beautiful paper. Sentence Elements and Sentence Structures 1. The teacher explained the concept clearly. 2. We found the movie extremely boring. 3. Clearly, talking to him is a mistake. 4. Reading books expands your knowledge. Subject(主语) Complement(补语) Adverbial(状语) Object(宾语) 5. Setting realistic goals is the first step to success. 6. With determination and hard work, you can achieve anything you desire. 7. She gave me a gift wrapped in beautiful paper. Predicative(表语) Verb(谓语) Attributive(定语） Explanation “Everyone has potential.”​ 主语：Everyone（代词作主语，表示 “每个人”，是句子所描述动作 “has” 的执行者）​ 谓语：has（动词的第三人称单数形式作谓语，表示 “拥有” 这一动作）​ 宾语：potential（名词作宾语，是 “has” 这个动作的对象，即 “拥有的东西”） “First, we need to have a clear understanding of ourselves.”​ 状语：First（副词作状语，表明句子内容在逻辑顺序上处于首先的位置，起到修饰整个句子的作用）​ 主语：we（代词作主语，是 “need” 这个动作的执行者，表示 “我们”）​ 谓语：need（实义动词作谓语，表示 “需要”）​ 宾语：to have a clear understanding of ourselves（动词不定式短语作宾语，其中 “to have” 是不定式结构，“a clear understanding of ourselves” 整体作为 “have” 的对象，“a clear understanding” 表示 “清晰的认识”，“of ourselves” 是后置定语，修饰 “understanding”，说明是对我们自己的认识） 《Realizing your potential》句子成分分析练习 “Schools offer us many resources like libraries, teachers and classmates.”​ 主语：Schools（名词作主语，是 “offer” 这个动作的发出者，表示 “学校”）​ 谓语：offer（动词作谓语，表示 “提供”）​ 间接宾语：us（代词作间接宾语，是动作 “offer” 的间接对象，即提供资源的对象是 “我们”）​ 直接宾语：many resources（名词短语作直接宾语，是 “offer” 这个动作直接作用的对象，“many” 修饰 “resources” 表示 “许多资源”）​ 后置定语：like libraries, teachers and classmates（介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “resources”，对资源进行举例说明，“像图书馆、老师和同学这些资源”） “Setting goals is necessary.”​ 主语：Setting goals（动名词短语作主语，“Setting” 是动名词，“goals” 是其宾语，整个动名词短语表示 “设定目标” 这一行为，作为句子所描述的对象）​ 谓语：is（be 动词的第三人称单数形式作谓语，用于说明主语的状态或特征） 表语：necessary（形容词作表语，对主语 “Setting goals” 进行补充说明，表明 “设定目标” 是 “必要的”） “When we have a goal, we will work hard to achieve it.”​ 时间状语从句：When we have a goal（“When” 引导时间状语从句，其中 “we” 是从句主语，“have” 是从句谓语，“a goal” 是从句宾语，这个从句表示主句动作发生的时间背景，即 “当我们有一个目标的时候”）​ 主句主语：we（代词作主语，是主句动作 “will work” 的执行者，表示 “我们”）​ 主句谓语：will work（“will + 动词原形” 构成一般将来时作谓语，表示 “将会努力工作” 这一动作）​ 方式状语：hard（副词作方式状语，修饰动词 “work”，说明工作的方式是 “努力地”）​ 目的状语：to achieve it（动词不定式短语作目的状语，“to achieve” 表示 “为了实现”，“it” 指代前面提到的 “a goal”，表明努力工作的目的是实现目标） Presentation Subject Verb I agree. Subject Verb Predictive Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object Subject Verb Object Object complement Exploring the rules These habits will be helpful. You will live a happy life. Setting goals gives you a focus in life. Setting goals makes you more confident. Subject + Verb(SV) Subject + Verb + Predicative(SVP) Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) Subject + Verb + Indirect object+ Direct object(SVOO) Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC) Rule 1 The subject and the __________ are necessary parts of a sentence. verb Working out the Rules Find the subjects and the verbs of the following sentences. 1. Your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. 2. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges. 3. Potential can be developed when you try hard enough. Suject Verb Subject Verb Subject Verb Working out the Rules 1. You will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person. 2. You will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual. Rule 2: A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) _________. Objects are usually _______ or ___________._ object nouns pronouns subject verb object Working out the Rules Rule 3: Some verbs can have two objects. The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing. S+V+IO+DO Setting goals gives you a focus in life. My English teacher Ben gave me a present for my hard work. Working out the Rules Practice Practice 1. Brainstorm. What verbs have we learned that can take two objects? ? sb. sth. 2. Make sentences using S+V+IO+DO structure. e.g. Swimming in the sea in the summer gives me a feeling of relaxation. S + V + O + OC Do your best and make us proud. Rule 4: The object complement adds more information about the object. object complement Working out the Rules Complete the following sentences with proper object complements. 1. She felt something _______ on her skin. 2. Justine named his grandson ________. 3. My classmates painted the back wall _______. 4. My daughter imagined herself _________ in a mountain village. 5. Our parents encouraged us _____________ at school. climbing Max white living to study hard Practice orzshui (o) - Maxcine -- Max（与文档保持一致） We use an adverbial to show when (adverbial of time), where (adverbial of place) or how (adverbial of manner) an action is done. Eg. We (carefully) watched our chemistry teacher do an experiment [with tubes] [in the lab] [last week]. how how where when Adverbials Find out the adverbials. 1. Put simply, potential is your natural ability. 2. To realize your goal, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. 3. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work. Practice 1. 补全主语 + 谓语 ____________________ loudly in the concert hall. 补全示例：The orchestra played loudly in the concert hall. 解析： 需补充 “谁做了什么”，“The orchestra”（管弦乐队）作主语，“played”（演奏）作谓语，构成 “主谓结构”，符合 “在音乐厅大声演奏” 的场景。 句子补全练习 2. 补全宾语 不完整句子：She bought __________ for her mother’s birthday. 补全示例：She bought a hand - made scarf for her mother’s birthday. 解析： 谓语 “bought”（买）后需接 “买的东西”，“a hand - made scarf”（一条手工围巾）作宾语，补充后句子逻辑完整（“为妈妈生日买了围巾”）。 句子补全练习 3. 补全表语（主系表结构） 不完整句子：The movie seems __________ based on the audience’s laughter. 补全示例：The movie seems hilarious based on the audience’s laughter. 解析： 系动词 “seems”（看起来）后需接表语描述主语性质，“hilarious”（极其有趣的）作表语，与 “观众的笑声” 呼应，说明电影的特点。 句子补全练习 4. 补全定语（修饰宾语） 不完整句子：I found a book __________ on the old bookshelf. 补全示例：I found a book filled with colorful illustrations on the old bookshelf. 解析： 宾语 “a book” 后需定语说明其特征，“filled with colorful illustrations”（充满彩色插图）作定语（过去分词短语），修饰 “书” 的内容，使句子细节更丰富。 句子补全练习 5. 补全时间状语 不完整句子：They will finish the project __________. 补全示例：They will finish the project before the deadline. 解析： 谓语 “will finish”（将完成）后需说明 “何时完成”，“before the deadline”（在截止日期前）作时间状语，明确动作的时间节点。 句子补全练习 Homework 1. Preview Page 7 (B Applying the rules) 2. Page 58 Part C Grammar and Usage(II) Sentence Elements and Sentence Structures Unit 1 Back to school 1.Weather matters a great deal. ( ) 2. School meals are fresh and healthy. ( ) 3. Our school offers students a balanced diet. ( ) 4. A balanced diet keeps the body healthy. ( ) 5. Students have fresh fruit and vegetables. ( ) C. Match the sentences below with the correct structures. a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA f b d e c Revision 6. Amy likes watching English films very much. ( ) 7. English learning is interesting, meaningful and practical. ( ) 8. Focusing on using English makes English learning more effective. ( ) 9. The speech began. ( ) 10. She acquires a good knowledge of English.( ) C. Match the sentence below with the correct structures. g b e a c a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA Revision Subject + Verb Five Basic Sentence Structures 一、主谓结构（Subject + Verb, SV） 结构特点：主语 + 不及物动词（无需宾语） 核心动词：表示动作或状态的不及物动词（如 go, arrive, exist, happen 等） 例句： She laughed.（她笑了。） The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。） Time flies.（时光飞逝。） Subject + Verb + Predicative 结构特点：主语 + 系动词 + 表语（说明主语身份或特征） 核心动词：系动词（如 be, seem, appear, become, feel 等） 例句： She is a teacher.（她是一名教师。） The flower smells nice.（这朵花闻起来很香。） He became angry.（他生气了。） Subject + Verb + Object 主谓宾结构（Subject + Verb + Object, SVO） 结构特点：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 核心动词：需要接宾语的及物动词（如 eat, love, buy, discuss 等） 例句： I read a book.（我读了一本书。） They built a house.（他们建了一座房子。） She enjoys painting.（她喜欢画画。） Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object 主谓双宾结构（Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object, SVOO） 结构特点：主语 + 双宾动词 + 间接宾语（人）+ 直接宾语（物） 核心动词：常见双宾动词（如 give, offer, tell, lend, buy 等） 例句： He gave me a gift.（他给了我一个礼物。） She told us a story.（她给我们讲了一个故事。） Mom bought me a new dress.（妈妈给我买了一条新裙子。） Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement 主谓宾补结构（Subject + Verb + Object + Complement, SVOC） 结构特点：主语 + 使役动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（补充说明宾语状态） 核心动词：常见使役动词（如 make, consider, find, elect, name 等） 例句： The news made her happy.（这个消息让她开心。） We elected him president.（我们选他当总统。） They found the house empty.（他们发现房子是空的。） 结构类型 公式 核心动词类型 例句 SV 主语 + 谓语 不及物动词 Birds fly. SVO 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 及物动词 I love music. SVOO 主语 + 谓语 + 双宾 双宾动词（人 + 物） She gave me a book. SVOC 主语 + 谓语 + 宾补 使役动词 They made the room clean. SLP 主语 + 系动词 + 表 系动词（状态 / 特征） He seems happy. 实战应用 判断下列句子的结构类型： The students studied hard. My mom cooked dinner. He offered her a job. We consider him smart. The cake tastes delicious. SV（主语 + 谓语） SVO（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语） SVOO（主语 + 谓语 + 双宾） SVOC（主语 + 谓语 + 宾补） SVP（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） B1 Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols. Applying the Rules 1. You will find (senior high) school different from (junior high) school. 2. (Your) schoolwork will be more challenging. 3. We will give you (more) independence. 4. You should listen [more carefully]. 5. You can join a club. 6. (Your) teachers will help you [in (many) ways]. 7. You will succeed. Applying the Rules orzshui (o) - 与文档教案保持一致：补全定语括号 B2 Below are some tips about setting goals. Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures. Write the letters in the boxes. c b d g e a f 翻译句子 1.他喜欢放学后打乒乓球。(SVOA) 2.如何完成任务是一个巨大的挑战。(SVP) 3.我们的梦想终有一天会实现。(SVA) 4.她给我提供了一些有用的建议。(SVOO) 5.我们听到他正在朗读英语。(SVOC) 6.我为成为一名志愿者而感到自豪。(SVP) 7.她英语语法掌握得很好。(SVO) He likes playing ping-pong after school. How to finish the task is a huge challenge. Our dream will come true one day. She gave me some useful tips. We hear him reading English. I am proud of being a volunteer. She acquires a good knowledge of English grammar. B3 What is your goal for the new term? How are you going to achieve your goal? Write about it using different sentence structures. Subject + Verb (SV) Subject + Verb + Predicative (SVP) Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object (SVOO) Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC) Write a short passage A sample Speaking in public confidently remains a challenge to me. I find it difficult to speak in public confidently. My goal for the new term is to improve my communication skills. To achieve this goal, I will encourage myself to ask and answer more questions. Joining a club also seems a great idea. I think it can offer me a good opportunity to make new friends and acquire new skills. Besides, I will read a book on how to improve communication skills. Always try hard and I will succeed! Homework: Write a short passage $$