衔接点16 语法填空考向探究（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点16 语法填空考向探究（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段，语篇篇幅较短（通常 100-150 词），聚焦基础语法点，如：时态（一般现在时、过去时、将来时）、简单句结构（主谓宾、主系表）、常见介词搭配（in/on/at）、连词（and/but/or）、代词（人称代词、物主代词）等。 高中阶段，语篇篇幅较长（150-250 词），题材更广泛（科技、文化、社会现象），逻辑关系复杂。要求学生理解语法点在语境中的灵活运用，而非单纯记忆规则。重点考查时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句、词性转换（形容词变副词、动词变名词等）。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的简单运用，多以单句选择题、简短语篇等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 初中：以基础为主，考点多为 “显性语法规则”（如基础时态语态、固定搭配、简单词形转化）。 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Using AI to help others “At first, I just wanted a tool to help with my studies. Then it 1 (draw) attention from more people,” Qiu Yumo, aged 13, told Teens. Qiu is from Huitong School in Shenzhen, Guangdong. She made AI Button. It’s 2 online AI learning tool for middle school students. “My classmates and I want to have a learning friend 3 (help) us remember the key information. When we don’t know something, we can also ask for help at any time,” Qiu said about her idea. Students only need to put what they 4 (study) into AI Button. The AI will 5 (quick) find key points, ask questions, 6 answer students’ questions as well. “This AI is like a teacher and meets each 7 (student) needs,” Qiu said. Qiu Yumo started learning programming 8 the age of six. She started to program with AI to make tools in 2023. As a pet lover, she also made a tool to count pets’ steps, which can help people to keep their pets healthy. Many students loved Qiu’s idea of AI Button. They wanted to join her to make it 9 (good), so that they could get more timely help. “Now I have a small team of students from different schools. We are improving AI Button and trying to let more people know 10 ,” she said. 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中语法填空主要考查有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。有提示词(4~5个)和无提示 词(5~6 个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别、词形词性转化等；无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等; 且每空只能填一个单词。 考点清单 考点一、语法填空之有提示词 要点1：动词时态语态 若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask/asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成 进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 【练习】 1．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 要点2：非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语； 过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。 · 不定式用法 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 完成进行式 to have been doing · 动名词用法 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing 完成式 having written · 分词用法 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 【练习】 1．The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history (date) back to 1455. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．They hurried to the water, only (find) a baby seal there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．They all appreciated (give) the opportunity to go abroad for further study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Dad’s aim is (raise) me to become a person with a kind heart. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5． (use) your brains, you will find a way to solve the problem. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6． (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 要点3：考查其原级比较级最高级。括号中给出形容词或副词，注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 【练习】 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The whole family could not be (happy) to be together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become responsible. 要点4：名词、动词、形容词与副词词形转化 1．He is a good teacher who never expresses the least (patience) with slow learners. （所给词的适当形式填空） 2．Like their children, parents are often （defend）about their private lives.（所给词的适当形式填空） 3．My father bought me an （electricity） guitar as my birthday present . (所给词的适当形式填空） 4．His illness caused him to lose his (memorize). 5．A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook its (branch) so that the fruit fell down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点二、语法填空之无提示词 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 【练习】 1．When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was shy , nervous perfectionist. 2．There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 3．The Tang Dynasty produced host of great poets, such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi. 4．Thomas Edison was at forefront of the search for alternative ways to power vehicles. 5． expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help with the work the other day. 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 【练习】 1．He won the badminton match the fact that he was playing with the wrong hand. 2．Live, high-detail satellite mapping could probably be used to keep tags on anybody at any time, the person’s knowledge. 3．It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. 4．76 participants different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world. 5．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. ( 6．Just as he finished the first few bars, one of the strings on his violin broke. We thought that he would have to stop the concert. everyone’s expectation, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again. 7．Teenagers have been warned using the extreme methods to lose weight. 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 【练习】 1． People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. 2． “ made me feel that there were many things worth sharing in my life, and it also gave me a sense of mission,” she explains. 3． But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.” 4． The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. 5．Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from of the past. 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 【练习】 1．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. 2．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. 3．Whisper Camel-Means, the tribes division manager for the wildlife refuge, said under the Fish and Wildlife Service supervision, the exhibits there previously used a different tribes’ word for bison, which they not accept. 4．How we respond to them, however, is up to us. We react to them like evils of selfishness or like heroes of love. 5．For all the attention I was getting I   as well not have been there. I felt a stranger. 5）三大从句引导词及其它从属连词 三大从句是指名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以主语从句和同位语从句居多。形容词性从句就是定语从句，它包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。状语从句总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。 强调句：It is...that... 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/such…that； 比较than, as…as, the more…the more…； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as… 【练习】 1．A loaf of homemade bread has simple ingredients such as flour, water, salt and sugar. you make it yourself, you have control over your ingredients. 2．Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, they hunt them for food. 3．Located   the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 4．Involving the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all   the vacation can work for everyone. 5．He had his camera ready    he saw something that would make a good picture. 6）并列连词 若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 【练习】 1．Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great. 2．Not only are more people taking to running, they are using wearable devices and using software on their cellphones to record the distance they cover and the amount of calories they burn. 3．Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid that they might do something that will harm the computer,   girls are afraid they might break it somehow.” 4．As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 5．I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself. 1．He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 2．The first bubbles to escape from the liquid are a   (mix)of air and hydrogen. (所给词的适当形式填空） 3．It is (legal) to employ someone under the age of sixteen. （所给单词适当形式填空） 4．Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Every year our school (award) scholarships to the excellent students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．They promised that they (send) me the report as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．It is the second time that we (observe) this festival together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Last month, the shop assistant (charge) with cheating customers many times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Several new lines (build)and will be completed in the near future. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．He became the third student (win) the national prize in our school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11． (equip) with strong communication skills is essential for a successful career in sales. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．My colleague admitted (complain) a great deal about income. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．He got seriously (injure) and had to quit the football match. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．The little boy visited the science museum with great excitement, (accompany) by his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．Dogs have a wider hearing range than humans, (enable) them to notice sounds that humans cannot hear. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16． makes it striking is the expression of fear. (用适当的词填空) 17．It doesn’t matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (用适当的词填空) 18．I have no idea will be in charge of the company. (用适当的词填空) 19．You should know you’re going before you plan the best way of getting there. 20．Did you know the man is standing at the school gate? (用适当的词填空) 21．It is very important for students to concentrate schoolwork. (用适当的词填空) 22．“Watch out!” Leigh seized me by arm and dragged me out of the way of the rushing car.（用适当的词填空） 23．Battle of Chosin Reservoir made deep impression on me. (用适当的词填空) 24．I will keep (they) company while they are in trouble. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．In order to better adapt (we) to new circumstances, we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．I am writing to apply the job as a lawyer in your company. (用适当的词填空) 27．In brief, I am scared letting off fireworks. (用适当的词填空) 28．The picture quality as well as the special effects （be ）far better. (所给词的适当形式填空） 一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 Do you have any idea of New Year paintings? 1 (know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”, New Year paintings are a special art form in Chinese folk culture. 2 New Year paintings, our traditional Chinese folk culture would be much less colorful. The paintings get such a name because they are 3 (most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday for 4 (decorate) and they are also accepted as a symbol of New Year’s greetings. New Year paintings appeared around the Tang dynasty, replacing the previous door pictures believed to be able to protect the residents and dive away ghosts. In the Song dynasty the New Year paintings 5 (create) on a large scale (规模). 6 the printing techniques improving, the content and forms of New Year paintings became various. The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties, when the art hit 7 (it) heyday (全盛期) . There are many 8 (tradition) printing methods of New Year paintings, 9 (include) woodblock printing, stone-block printing, offset printing, watercolor painting, etc. 10 is reported, woodblock-printed New Year paintings are the most popular and interesting ones, according to a recent survey. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Longjing tea, also known as Dragon Well tea, is a renowned Chinese green tea. 11 (plant) near the city of Hangzhou, for more than a thousand years, Longjing tea 12 (gain) a great reputation for its delicate flavor. But 13 makes it even more famous is Emperor Qianlong. It’s said that during his visit to the tea plantations (种植园) in Hangzhou, Emperor Qianlong took 14 interest in the harvesting activities and even joined in. While 15 (pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother’s illness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his pocket and left Hangzhou 16 Beijing. He visited his mother 17 (immediate) upon his arrival. His mother then smelt the pleasant smell of the tea leaves from his pocket and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely 18 (energy), and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses. With 19 (it) unique flavor, rich history, and impressive health benefits, it is no wonder 20 Longjing tea has remained a popular choice among tea enthusiasts. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the UK, I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite   21 (challenge). Technology classes were fun. I made 22 clock to take home. The teacher helped me put the parts together. I like 23 so much that I still use it as my alarm! I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was   24 (advance) in the UK than in China. However,   25 (learn) English was a great challenge for me. There were a lot of difficult English words, especially in Geography and Biology. Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution 26 sometimes I wasn't able to express myself clearly in English. Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of 27 (encourage). My language skills 28 (improve) over time. During the hour-long lunchtime, I ate in the school dining hall. There were lots of options 29 (include) bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mum's cooking! After school, there were many clubs to join. The one 30 (attract) me most was the Rugby Club. I am glad to have the opportunity to experience this different way of life. 19 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点16 语法填空考向探究（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段，语篇篇幅较短（通常 100-150 词），聚焦基础语法点，如：时态（一般现在时、过去时、将来时）、简单句结构（主谓宾、主系表）、常见介词搭配（in/on/at）、连词（and/but/or）、代词（人称代词、物主代词）等。 高中阶段，语篇篇幅较长（150-250 词），题材更广泛（科技、文化、社会现象），逻辑关系复杂。要求学生理解语法点在语境中的灵活运用，而非单纯记忆规则。重点考查时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句、词性转换（形容词变副词、动词变名词等）。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的简单运用，多以单句选择题、简短语篇等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 初中：以基础为主，考点多为 “显性语法规则”（如基础时态语态、固定搭配、简单词形转化）。 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Using AI to help others “At first, I just wanted a tool to help with my studies. Then it 1 (draw) attention from more people,” Qiu Yumo, aged 13, told Teens. Qiu is from Huitong School in Shenzhen, Guangdong. She made AI Button. It’s 2 online AI learning tool for middle school students. “My classmates and I want to have a learning friend 3 (help) us remember the key information. When we don’t know something, we can also ask for help at any time,” Qiu said about her idea. Students only need to put what they 4 (study) into AI Button. The AI will 5 (quick) find key points, ask questions, 6 answer students’ questions as well. “This AI is like a teacher and meets each 7 (student) needs,” Qiu said. Qiu Yumo started learning programming 8 the age of six. She started to program with AI to make tools in 2023. As a pet lover, she also made a tool to count pets’ steps, which can help people to keep their pets healthy. Many students loved Qiu’s idea of AI Button. They wanted to join her to make it 9 (good), so that they could get more timely help. “Now I have a small team of students from different schools. We are improving AI Button and trying to let more people know 10 ,” she said. 【答案】 1．drew 2．an 3．to help 4．are studying 5．quickly 6．and 7．student’s 8．at 9．better 10．it 【导语】本文主要讲述了13岁的学生制作了一个人工智能按钮，它是一个针对中学生的在线人工智能学习工具。 1．句意：然后它引起了更多人的关注。draw attention from sb“引起某人的注意”，是固定搭配，根据“At first, I just wanted a tool to help with my studies”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填drew。 2．句意：这是一款面向中学生的在线人工智能学习工具。根据“online AI learning tool”可知，设空处后是可数名词单数，泛指一种工具，且“online”是元音音素开头的单词，故填an。 3．句意：我的同学和我想有一个学习的朋友来帮助我们记住关键信息。根据“us remember the key information.”可知，设空处作目的状语，填不定式。故填to help。 4．句意：学生只需要把他们正在学习的东西放入AI按钮。根据“to put what they…into AI Button.”可知，此处指学生需要把他们正在学的东西，放入AI按钮，因此填现在进行时，主语是“they”，故填are studying。 5．句意：人工智能将快速找到关键点，提出问题，并回答学生的问题。quick“快速的”，形容词，空处修饰动词“find”，用副词形式quickly。故填quickly。 6．句意：人工智能将快速找到关键点，提出问题，并回答学生的问题。根据“find key points, ask questions”以及“answer students’ questions”可知，设空处前后为一系列发生的动作，and符合题意。故填and。 7．句意：他说：“这个人工智能就像一个老师，能满足每个学生的需求。”根据“each…needs”可知，此处指的每个学生的需求，填单数名词所有格student’s“学生的”，故填student’s。 8．句意：邱玉墨六岁开始学习编程。at the age of+基数词，表示“在几岁的时候”，为固定搭配。故填at。 9．句意：他们想和她一起把事情做得更好，这样他们就能得到更及时的帮助。根据“They wanted to join her to make it”并结合语境，此处指做得更好，应该填比较级better“更好”，故填better。 10．句意：我们正在改进AI按钮，并试图让更多的人知道它。根据“We are improving AI Button and trying to let more people know”可知，设空处指的是前文的AI按钮，用it代替。故填it。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中语法填空主要考查有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。有提示词(4~5个)和无提示 词(5~6 个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别、词形词性转化等；无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等; 且每空只能填一个单词。 考点清单 考点一、语法填空之有提示词 要点1：动词时态语态 若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask/asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成 进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 【练习】 1．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has made 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我国在许多领域都取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语so far，此处应用现在完成时态，主语为our country，为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填：has made。 2．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ordered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：例如，前几天我在网上订购了一台数码相机，节省了大约50美元。分析句子可知，order是谓语动词，由the other day可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填ordered。 3．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be developed 【详解】考查一般将来时和被动语态。句意：在接下来几年，适合家用的设施将会被研发。根据句意可知这里缺少谓语动词，时间状语“in the following years”说明是一般将来时，主语“facilities”和谓语动词“develop”之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故填will be developed。 4．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been canceled/ had been cancelled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说飞往纽约的航班因大雾天气而取消了。空处应填从句谓语动词的形式，从句动作发生在主句动作之前且flight与cancel之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been canceled/cancelled。 5．More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be built 【详解】考查动词。句意：四川不久将修建更多的高速公路，以促进当地经济。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中soon意为“不久”，表示将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。同时more expressways与build之间是被动关系，故使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be built。 6．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为he，谓语动词用单数。故填was being followed。 要点2：非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语； 过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。 · 不定式用法 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done /被动 to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing · 动名词用法 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written · 分词用法 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 【练习】 1．The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turkey, has a long history (date) back to 1455. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土耳其伊斯坦布尔的大巴扎有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1455年。date back to表示“追溯到”，本句谓语为has，此处为非谓语动词，且history与date back to为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填dating。 2．They hurried to the water, only (find) a baby seal there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to find 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：他们匆忙赶到水边，却发现那里有一只小海豹。句子已有谓语动词hurried，本空需要用非谓语动词。only to do结构是不定式作结果状语，用来表示一种意料之外的结果，本空用find“发现”的不定式。故填to find。 3．They all appreciated (give) the opportunity to go abroad for further study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being given 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们都很感激有机会出国深造。appreciate doing sth.“感激做某事”，动名词作宾语。此处表示“他们感激被给了机会”，所以需要动名词的被动形式，即being done的结构。故填being given。 4．Dad’s aim is (raise) me to become a person with a kind heart. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to raise 【详解】考查不定式。句意：爸爸的目标是把我培养成一个有爱心的人。说明主语的内容，用动词不定式。故填to raise。 5． (use) your brains, you will find a way to solve the problem. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Using 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：动动脑子，你会找到解决问题的方法。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，use“使用”和you逻辑上是主动关系，因此用use的现在分词形式，作条件状语，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Using。 6． (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Faced 【详解】考查分词作状语。句意：面临困难，我们必须设法克服它们。空处作状语，动词“face”和主语“we”构成被动关系，用过去分词faced。句首单词首字母大写，故填Faced。 要点3：考查其原级比较级最高级。括号中给出形容词或副词，注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 【练习】 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：机器学习现在能够完成极其复杂的任务。根据“tasks”可知需要用形容词来修饰名词，根据上文的far以及句意可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more complex。 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most wonderful 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句子中“I have ever attended”可知，此句表示“我听过的最精彩的讲座”即一定范围内的最高级形式。“wonderful”是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“the most”，即“the most wonderful”，故填the most wonderful。 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most attractive 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：比赛要求被选中的笑者面对面，观众决定谁笑得最吸引人。分析句子含义可知，本句表示“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要形容词最高级形式。故填the most attractive。 4．The whole family could not be (happy) to be together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】happier 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意: 全家人聚在一起是再幸福不过的事了。句中使用固定搭配“否定词not + 形容词比较级”表示最高级的含义，因此填比较级形式happier。故填happier。 5．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become responsible. 【答案】more likely 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：年轻人越多地面临经济问题，就越可能变得负责任。此处考查固定句型，the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…“越……越……”，故填more likely。 要点4：名词、动词、形容词与副词词形转化 1．He is a good teacher who never expresses the least (patience) with slow learners. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】impatience 【详解】考查构词法。句意：他是一位好老师，对学得慢的学生从不表现出丝毫不耐烦的。根据句意，应是“不耐烦，没耐心”；patience是名词“耐心”，前面加上否定前缀im-，构成其反义词impatience“不耐烦”。故填impatience。 2．Like their children, parents are often （defend）about their private lives.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】defensive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：就像子女一样，父母也常常很注重保护他们的私生活。分析句子成分可知，空格处在系动词are后作表语，用形容词形式，故填defensive。 【点睛】 3．My father bought me an （electricity） guitar as my birthday present . (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】electric 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我爸爸给我买了一把电吉他作为我的生日礼物。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰guitar，再结合句意应填“电动的”electric作定语。故填electric。 4．His illness caused him to lose his (memorize). 【答案】memory 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的病使他失去了记忆。his是形容词性物主代词，后接名词；“记忆”memorize是动词，名词为memory(记忆)。 故填memory。 5．A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook its (branch) so that the fruit fell down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】branches 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：一个小男孩爬上苹果树，摇晃着它的树枝，让苹果掉了下来。branch，意为 “树枝”，为可数名词。根据语境，男孩摇晃的是苹果树的多个树枝，所以这里应用复数形式作宾语。故填branches。 考点二、语法填空之无提示词 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 【练习】 1．When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was shy , nervous perfectionist. 2．There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 3．The Tang Dynasty produced host of great poets, such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi. 4．Thomas Edison was at forefront of the search for alternative ways to power vehicles. 5． expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help with the work the other day. 参考答案： 1．a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：当我看到一个孩子受到这种压力时，我就想到了唐尼。他是个害羞、紧张的完美主义者。设空处修饰名词，表泛指，应用不定冠词，设空后单词shy以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2．the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：从前有一只山羊和一头驴……农夫就把山羊杀了，用它的心脏做的药给驴吃。分析句子可知，设空处位于名词goat前，根据后面and gave the donkey及句意可知，此处特指那只山羊，应用定冠词the。故填the。 3．a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：唐朝产生了许多伟大的诗人，如李白、杜甫和白居易。a host of“许多，很多”，固定短语，故填a。 4．the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：Thomas Edison站在寻找替代汽车动力方式的最前沿。at the forefront“在最前沿”是固定搭配，故填the。 5．An 【详解】考查冠词。句意：前几天，一位专家和一些助手被派去帮忙做这项工作。expert是可数名词，此处泛指“一位专家”，用不定冠词限定，expert以元音音素开头，应用an，位于句首，首字母大写。故填An。 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 【练习】 1．He won the badminton match the fact that he was playing with the wrong hand. 2．Live, high-detail satellite mapping could probably be used to keep tags on anybody at any time, the person’s knowledge. 3．It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. 4．76 participants different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world. 5．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. ( 6．Just as he finished the first few bars, one of the strings on his violin broke. We thought that he would have to stop the concert. everyone’s expectation, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again. 7．Teenagers have been warned using the extreme methods to lose weight. 【答案】 1．despite 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他用错了手，但他还是赢得了羽毛球赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“尽管......”，且空后为名词the fact，故应用介词despite“尽管”，故填despite。 2．without 【详解】考查介词。句意：实时的、高细节的卫星地图可能会被用来在任何人不知情的情况下，随时对任何人保持标记。根据句意可知，句中指“在人们不知情的情况下”，随时对任何人保持标记，故空格处应用介词“without”，意为“没有”，“without one’s knowledge”表示“在某人不知情的情况下”。故填without。 3．like 【详解】考查介词。句意：它开始于评估贷款申请的信用风险，通过阅读邮政编码中的手写字符来分类邮件。“assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes”是对前面things举的例子，空格处意为“像，比如”，需填介词like。故填like。 4．from 【详解】考查介词。句意：来自不同国家的76名选手肩并肩走过表演区，向全世界人民致意。分析句子结构，主语为“76 participants ____ different countries”，其中，“76 participants”与“different countries”之间的逻辑关系是：76名选手来自于不同国家。介词from表示“来自于”。故填from。 5．beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意:在他们听说她的感人的故事之后，每个人都被感动得难以言表。空格处在句中充当程度状语，beyond words为固定短语，意为“难以言表”。故填beyond。 6．Beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：当他刚演奏完前几个小节时，小提琴上的一根弦断了。我们认为他将不得不停止音乐会。出乎所有人意料的是，他等了一会儿，闭上眼睛，然后示意指挥重新开始。beyond one’s expectation出乎某人的意料。根据句意，故填Beyond。 7．against 【详解】考查介词。句意：青少年被警告不要使用极端的减肥方法。分析句子可知，这里考查warn against表“警告”，为固定搭配。故填against。 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 【练习】 1． People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. 2． “ made me feel that there were many things worth sharing in my life, and it also gave me a sense of mission,” she explains. 3． But Johan Stenevad, my host at Lapland Guesthouse, showed me else. One day, on a snowmobile path lined with tall trees on both sides, he turned off his engine and asked me what I saw. “Trees,” I answered. “A forest.” 4． The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but didn’t help. 5．Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from of the past. 参考答案： 1．those 【详解】考查代词。句意：那些还有电的人会向那些没有电的人敞开家门。根据下文的“who had none”可知，指的是没有电的那些人，用代词those。故填those。 2．It/This 【详解】考查代词。句意：她解释说：“这让我觉得在我的生命中有很多值得分享的东西，也让我有了使命感。”根据句意以及and连接的it可知，此处为代指上文一件事，用代词it或者this。出现在句首，注意首字母大写。故填It/This。 3．something 【详解】考查代词。句意：但我在拉普兰宾馆的主人Johan Stenevad向我展示了其他东西。一天，在一个路两旁大树成排的摩托雪橇路上，他突然关掉引擎，问我看到了什么。“树，”我回答道。“一片森林”。结合句意表示“其他东西”短语为something else。故填something。 4．it 【详解】考查代词。句意：医生强烈建议薇拉去度假，但没有用。此处指上文去度假这件事没有用，应用代词it。故填it。 5．those 【详解】考查代词。句意：因为装备了现代化的设施，现在的图书馆已经和过去的图书馆完全不同了。结合句意，空处需要填一个代词指代上文提到的libraries，为复数名词；空后有of the past可知，为特指。代指特指复数名词用代词those。故填those。 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 【练习】 1．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. 2．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. 3．Whisper Camel-Means, the tribes division manager for the wildlife refuge, said under the Fish and Wildlife Service supervision, the exhibits there previously used a different tribes’ word for bison, which they not accept. 4．How we respond to them, however, is up to us. We react to them like evils of selfishness or like heroes of love. 5．For all the attention I was getting I   as well not have been there. I felt a stranger. 参考答案： 1．may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：握手最初可能是一种古老的习俗，用来向陌生人展示你手中没有武器。分析句子结构可知，本句中主语为动名词Handshaking，为单数，而谓语动词是have started，且have是用的原形；结合句意，此处表达一种猜测，所以应该用情态动词may/might have done表示“有可能”。故填may或might。 2．must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：但是食品杂货店的面包必须在漫长的运输和贮存期间保持新鲜度。分析句子结构可知，bread是句子的主语且是单数形式，而空格后动词stay用了动词原形。换言之，空格要填上一个词使得stay保持形式不变，考虑情态动词。再分析句意，长时间的运输和贮存肯定会使面包失去新鲜度，因此就得想办法让它保持新鲜。must语气最强烈。故填must。 3．would/could 【详解】考查情态动词和时态。句意：野生动物保护区的部落部门经理Whisper Camel-Means说，在鱼类和野生动物管理局的监督下，那里的展品之前使用了不同部落对野牛的说法，他们不会接受这一点。空后是动词原形，空格处用情态动词，此处表示“他们不会接受这一点”，空格处表示“不会”或“不能”，由said可知，时态是一般过去时，空格处情态动词用过去式would/could，故填would/could。 4．can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们可以像自私的恶魔或有爱的英雄那样对待他们。根据上文的“How we respond to them, however, is up to us.”可知，这里指的是我们可以采取的方式，表示“可以、能够”用情态动词can。故填can。 5．might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：尽管我受到了如此多的关注，我还是不去那里为好。我觉得自己是个陌生人。might as well意思是：还是……的好,不妨；不如；何妨(含轻微劝告的意思)。故填might。 5）三大从句引导词及其它从属连词 三大从句是指名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从近几年高考语法填空题来看，几种从句都有涉及，尤以主语从句和同位语从句居多。形容词性从句就是定语从句，它包括限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。状语从句总计有九种。主要考查时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句。 强调句：It is...that... 定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why 名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 状语从句: 时间when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until； 地点where, wherever； 原因because, as, since, now that； 目的in order that, so that, in case, for fear that； 结果so that, so/such…that； 比较than, as…as, the more…the more…； 让步although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or； 方式as, as if/though； 条件if, unless, as long as… 【练习】 1．A loaf of homemade bread has simple ingredients such as flour, water, salt and sugar. you make it yourself, you have control over your ingredients. 2．Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, they hunt them for food. 3．Located   the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 4．Involving the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all   the vacation can work for everyone. 5．He had his camera ready    he saw something that would make a good picture. 参考答案： 1．Since/As/Because 【详解】考查连词。句意：一条自制面包的配料很简单，如面粉、水、盐和糖。既然你自己做这个面包，你可以控制配料的使用。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为主句，逗号前为连词引导的从句。由句意可知，从句表示原因，主句表示结果，所以空处需填写引导原因状语从句的连接词。从属连词because， as，since均符合题意。故答案填Since/As/Because。 2．unless 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：大多数动物与不同种类的动物几乎毫无关系，除非他们要去猎食对方。根据主从句逻辑关系，应用表达“除非”的连词引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 3．where 【详解】考查连词。句意：坐落于一带一路的交汇点，江苏将为一带一路建设作出更大的贡献。located“坐落于；位于”，后接地点状语；句中the Belt meets the Road结构完整，要用where来连接地点状语从句，故填where。 4．so that 【详解】考查连词。句意：让孩子们参与计划假期可以确保他们也有一个很棒的假期。我喜欢参观历史古迹和博物馆，而他们喜欢钓鱼和游泳。所以我为大家安排了一些放松时间，这样每个人都能享受假期。so that以便，引导目的状语从句。根据句意，故填so that。 5．in case 【详解】考查连词短语。句意：他把照相机准备好了，以防他看到能拍出好照片的东西。短语in case表示“以防，万一”，引导目的状语从句，用在此处符合句意。故填in case。 6）并列连词 若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。 并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but 【练习】 1．Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great. 2．Not only are more people taking to running, they are using wearable devices and using software on their cellphones to record the distance they cover and the amount of calories they burn. 3．Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid that they might do something that will harm the computer,   girls are afraid they might break it somehow.” 4．As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 5．I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself. 参考答案： 1．and 【详解】考查连词。句意：毒品滥用对个人的身心影响严重，造成的经济损失巨大。根据句意可知，前后句子是并列关系，空格处用and表并列，故填and。 2．but 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：不仅越来越多的人开始跑步，他们还使用可穿戴设备，并使用手机上的软件记录跑步距离和燃烧的卡路里量。not only...but (also)“不但……而且”为固定句型。故填but。 3．while 【详解】考查连词。句意：Cesar Chavez学校的Charles Cheadle说：“男孩不太害怕他们可能会做一些会伤害电脑的事情，而女孩则担心她们可能会以某种方式破坏它。” 表示两者之间的对比或相反的情况，用连词while。根据句意，故填while。 4．and 【详解】考查连词。句意：由于经常露面，他抓住所有机会，朝着自己的目标不断前进。他把作品寄给了一个学生展览，并被Rule画廊的老板Robin Rule接受了。分析句子可知，took opportunities和got him closer都是句子谓语，为并列关系，故用并列连词and。 5．so/and 【详解】考查连词。句意：我从来没有看过沙尘暴是什么样子，所以我告诉他我要出去亲自看看。空格处考查句间关系，根据句意可知，空处前后句间为并列关系或因果关系。故填so/and。 1．He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】professional 【详解】考查名词。句意：他作为职业球员只踢了两年足球。根据句意和as a可知，此处应用其派生名词professional“专业人员”的单数形式作as的宾语。故填professional。 2．The first bubbles to escape from the liquid are a   (mix)of air and hydrogen. (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】mixture 【详解】考查名词。句意：首先从液体中逸出的气泡是空气和氢气的混合物。根据上文a可知应填单数名词mixture，表示“混合物”。故填mixture。 3．It is (legal) to employ someone under the age of sixteen. （所给单词适当形式填空） 【答案】illegal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：雇用16岁以下的人是违法的。根据背景知识，“employ someone under the age of sixteen（雇佣16岁以下的人）”应该是违法的；legal是“合法的”，应加否定前缀il-， 构成形容词illegal，意思为“非法的”。故填illegal。 4．Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】invisible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：太阳系外的许多恒星不用望远镜是看不见的。由句意可知，此处应用visible的反义词invisible(看不见的)，形容词作表语。故填invisible。 5．Every year our school (award) scholarships to the excellent students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】awards 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每年我们学校都会给优秀学生颁发奖学金。此处为动词作谓语，根据时间状语“Every year”可知，句子描述习惯性动作，应用一般现在时；主语“our school”为单数，谓语动词award应用第三人称单数形式。故填awards。 6．They promised that they (send) me the report as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would send 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们答应会尽快把报告寄给我。that引导宾语从句，主句谓语动词promised为一般过去时，结合从句中的as soon as possible“尽快”可知，从句描述的是从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，其结构为“would+动词原形”。故填would send。 7．It is the second time that we (observe) this festival together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have observed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是我们第二次共同庆祝这个节日。此处为句型It is the second time that+现在完成时，从句主语为we，助动词用have。故填have observed。 8．Last month, the shop assistant (charge) with cheating customers many times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was charged 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：上个月，这个店员被指控多次欺骗顾客。此处为谓语动词，根据be charged with意为“被指控”可知，charge与主语the shop assistant 之间为被动关系，根据Last month可知，为一般过去时，所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was charged。 9．Several new lines (build)and will be completed in the near future. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being built 【解析】略 10．He became the third student (win) the national prize in our school. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to win 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他成为我校第三位获得国家级奖项的学生。the+序数词+名词+动词不定式作后置定语。故填to win。 11． (equip) with strong communication skills is essential for a successful career in sales. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：具备强大的沟通技巧对成功的销售职业至关重要。equip与逻辑主语（隐含的“人”）之间是被动关系，且强调状态，应用be equipped with表示“具备”，句中缺少主语，空处需用动名词形式作主语，故用其动名词形式being equipped作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Being equipped。 12．My colleague admitted (complain) a great deal about income. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】complaining/having complained 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的同事承认经常抱怨收入问题。“admit doing/having done sth.”为固定搭配，意为“承认做过某事”，所以此处应该用动名词形式作宾语，且根据句意可知，此处表示动作已经发生，所以用动名词的一般式或完成式均符合语境。故填complaining/having complained。 13．He got seriously (injure) and had to quit the football match. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】injured 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他受了重伤，不得不退出足球比赛。此处为“get + 过去分词”结构，表示被动和结果，get injured意为“受伤”，injured在此为形容词化的过去分词，作表语。故填injured。 14．The little boy visited the science museum with great excitement, (accompany) by his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accompanied 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个小男孩在父母的陪同下，怀着极大的兴奋之情参观了科学博物馆。主语The little boy与accompany为逻辑被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填accompanied。 15．Dogs have a wider hearing range than humans, (enable) them to notice sounds that humans cannot hear. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】enabling 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：狗的听觉范围比人类更宽，这使它们能够注意到人类听不到的声音。空处为非谓语动词，Dogs与enable为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填enabling。 16． makes it striking is the expression of fear. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：让它引人注目的是恐惧的表达。空处引导名词性从句作主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“the expression of fear”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 17．It doesn’t matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在这家商店你用现金还是用信用卡付款都没关系。句中it是形式主语，空格处引导的是主语从句，由or可知，空格处是whether，whether...or...是固定搭配，意为“是……还是……”，因此空格处用whether引导主语从句，故填whether。 18．I have no idea will be in charge of the company. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查连接代词。句意：我不知道谁将负责这家公司。空处为同位语从句，缺少主语，表示“谁”，用连接代词who。故填who。 19．You should know you’re going before you plan the best way of getting there. 【答案】where 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你应该先知道要去哪里，你再计划到那里的最佳路线。此处引导宾语从句并在从句中作地点状语，表示“哪里”，应用连接副词where引导。故用where。 20．Did you know the man is standing at the school gate? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你认识那个正站在学校门口的男人吗？“_______ is standing at the school gate”是一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man，指人，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导从句。故填who/that。 21．It is very important for students to concentrate schoolwork. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】on 【详解】考查介词。句意：对学生来说，集中精力于学业非常重要。分析句子可知，这里考查concentrate on sth.，为固定搭配，表示“集中注意力于……”。故填on。 22．“Watch out!” Leigh seized me by arm and dragged me out of the way of the rushing car.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】the 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：“小心！”利抓住我的胳膊，把我从疾驰而来的汽车面前拖了出来。“seize sb. by the + 身体部位”是固定搭配，表示“抓住某人的某个身体部位”。类似的表达还有“hit sb. on the head”（打某人的头）、“pull sb. by the hand”（拉某人的手）等。所以这里用“the”。故填the。 23．Battle of Chosin Reservoir made deep impression on me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：长津湖战役给我留下了深刻的印象。短语make a deep impression on表示“留下深刻印象”。故填a。 24．I will keep (they) company while they are in trouble. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】them 【详解】考查代词。句意：他们有困难时，我会陪伴他们。keep后接宾格them作宾语，keep sb company“陪伴某人”。故填them。 25．In order to better adapt (we) to new circumstances, we must be ready and willing to acquire new skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ourselves 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：为了更好地使自己适应新环境，我们必须准备好并愿意学习新技能。adapt oneself to...是固定短语，意为“使自己适应……”。空处应用反身代词ourselves作动词adapt的宾语，表示动作的执行者和承受者是同一人。故填ourselves。 26．I am writing to apply the job as a lawyer in your company. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我写信是为了申请贵公司律师一职。根据语境，这里表达申请公司的律师工作，“apply for”是固定短语，意为“申请”，符合句意。故填for。 27．In brief, I am scared letting off fireworks. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：简而言之，我害怕放烟花。“be scared of”是固定短语，意为“害怕……”。故填of。 28．The picture quality as well as the special effects （be ）far better. (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：画质和特效都要好得多。主语后跟as well as…，谓语动词仍然要与主语The picture保持一致，be动词用单数，且句子表达的是一般的状况，所以用一般现在时。故填is。 一、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 Do you have any idea of New Year paintings? 1 (know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”, New Year paintings are a special art form in Chinese folk culture. 2 New Year paintings, our traditional Chinese folk culture would be much less colorful. The paintings get such a name because they are 3 (most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday for 4 (decorate) and they are also accepted as a symbol of New Year’s greetings. New Year paintings appeared around the Tang dynasty, replacing the previous door pictures believed to be able to protect the residents and dive away ghosts. In the Song dynasty the New Year paintings 5 (create) on a large scale (规模). 6 the printing techniques improving, the content and forms of New Year paintings became various. The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing dynasties, when the art hit 7 (it) heyday (全盛期) . There are many 8 (tradition) printing methods of New Year paintings, 9 (include) woodblock printing, stone-block printing, offset printing, watercolor painting, etc. 10 is reported, woodblock-printed New Year paintings are the most popular and interesting ones, according to a recent survey. 【答案】 1．Known 2．Without 3．mostly 4．decoration 5．were created 6．With 7．its 8．traditional 9．including 10．As 【导语】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了中国的传统文化艺术之一——年画的用途、起源和分类，彰显了中国元素。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：年画，被称为“纸画”和“画图”，是中国民间文化中的一种特殊艺术形式。空处为非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语New Year paintings构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母大写。故填Known。 2．考查介词。句意：没有年画，我们传统的中国民间文化就不会那么丰富多彩。根据后文“our traditional Chinese folk culture would be much less colorful”可知，此处表示“没有”应用介词without，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Without。 3．考查副词。句意：这些画之所以得名，是因为它们大多在中国新年期间张贴以作装饰，也被视为新年问候的象征。修饰动词posted应用副词mostly，作状语。故填mostly。 4．考查名词。句意：这些画之所以得名，是因为它们大多在中国新年期间张贴以作装饰，也被视为新年问候的象征。空处作介词的宾语，应用名词decoration，不可数。故填decoration。 5．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在宋代，年画被大规模创作。空处作谓语，主语the New Year paintings与动词create构成被动关系，且根据上文In the Song dynasty可知，句子为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为the New Year paintings，系动词用were。故填were created。 6．考查介词。句意：随着印刷技术的进步，年画的内容和形式变得多种多样。此处为with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，表示“随着”，句首单词首字母要大写。故填With。 7．考查代词。句意：绘画的发展在明清时期成熟，当时艺术达到了鼎盛时期。修饰名词heyday，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 8．考查形容词。句意：年画的传统印刷方法有很多种，包括木版印刷、石版印刷、胶印、水彩画等。修饰名词methods，应用形容词traditional，作定语。故填traditional。 9．考查介词。句意：年画的传统印刷方法有很多种，包括木版印刷、石版印刷、胶印、水彩画等。后跟名词作宾语，表示“包括”，应用介词including。故填including。 10．考查定语从句。句意：据报道，根据最近的一项调查，木版印刷的年画是最受欢迎和有趣的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为整句话，应用关系代词as引导，句首单词首字母要大写。 故填As。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Longjing tea, also known as Dragon Well tea, is a renowned Chinese green tea. 11 (plant) near the city of Hangzhou, for more than a thousand years, Longjing tea 12 (gain) a great reputation for its delicate flavor. But 13 makes it even more famous is Emperor Qianlong. It’s said that during his visit to the tea plantations (种植园) in Hangzhou, Emperor Qianlong took 14 interest in the harvesting activities and even joined in. While 15 (pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother’s illness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his pocket and left Hangzhou 16 Beijing. He visited his mother 17 (immediate) upon his arrival. His mother then smelt the pleasant smell of the tea leaves from his pocket and wanted to have a taste. After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely 18 (energy), and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses. With 19 (it) unique flavor, rich history, and impressive health benefits, it is no wonder 20 Longjing tea has remained a popular choice among tea enthusiasts. 【答案】 11．Planted 12．has gained 13．what 14．an 15．picking 16．for 17．immediately 18．energetic 19．its 20．that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了龙井茶因其独特风味闻名，还介绍了它与乾隆皇帝的有趣故事及受欢迎的原因。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：龙井茶种植在杭州附近，一千多年来，以其细腻的口感赢得了很高的声誉。句子已有谓语动词(gain)，plant与其逻辑主语Longjing tea之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，句首首字母大写。故填Planted。 12．考查时态。句意同上。根据时间状语for more than a thousand years可知，句子用现在完成时，主语Longjing tea是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has gained。 13．考查主语从句。句意：但使它更出名的是乾隆皇帝。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，所以用what引导。故填what。 14．考查冠词。句意：据说，在乾隆皇帝参观杭州的茶园时，他对采茶活动产生了兴趣，甚至参与其中。take an interest in是固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”，interest是元音音素开头，用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。 15．考查时间状语从句的省略。句意：在采茶时，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他漫不经心地把茶叶放在口袋里，然后离开杭州前往北京。此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略，主语he与pick之间是主动关系，省略了主语+被动词“he was”，所以用现在分词。故填picking。 16．考查介词。句意：在采茶时，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他漫不经心地把茶叶放在口袋里，然后离开杭州前往北京。leave...for...是固定短语，意为“离开……前往……”。故填for。 17．考查副词。句意：他一到就立刻去看望他的母亲。空处修饰动词visited，应用副词形式immediately“立刻，立即”。故填immediately。 18．考查形容词。句意：喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己精力充沛，甚至称赞它是包治百病的良药。find sb.+形容词，意为“发现某人……”，此处用形容词作宾语补足语。故填energetic。 19．考查代词。句意：龙井茶以其独特的风味、悠久的历史和令人印象深刻的健康益处，难怪它在茶叶爱好者中一直是一个受欢迎的选择。空处修饰名词flavor，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 20．考查主语从句。句意同上。it is no wonder that...是固定句型，意为“难怪……”，其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语从句。故填that。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the UK, I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite   21 (challenge). Technology classes were fun. I made 22 clock to take home. The teacher helped me put the parts together. I like 23 so much that I still use it as my alarm! I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was   24 (advance) in the UK than in China. However,   25 (learn) English was a great challenge for me. There were a lot of difficult English words, especially in Geography and Biology. Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution 26 sometimes I wasn't able to express myself clearly in English. Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of 27 (encourage). My language skills 28 (improve) over time. During the hour-long lunchtime, I ate in the school dining hall. There were lots of options 29 (include) bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mum's cooking! After school, there were many clubs to join. The one 30 (attract) me most was the Rugby Club. I am glad to have the opportunity to experience this different way of life. 【答案】 21．challenging 22．a 23．it 24．less advanced 25．learning 26．because 27．encouragement 28．improved 29．including 30．attracting 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者在英国的学习经历，包括对课程的体验、英语学习的挑战、老师和同学的帮助、语言技能的提高、学校午餐及课外俱乐部活动，最后表达了对这种不同生活方式的感激。 21．考查形容词。句意：在英国，我大部分课程都学得不错，但有些课程确实颇具挑战性。作表语，用形容词challenging。故填challenging。 22．考查冠词。句意：我做了一个钟表，打算带回家。此处clock为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 23．考查代词。句意：我非常喜欢它，以至于现在它仍是我的闹钟呢！指代前文中的 “clock”，避免重复用代词it。故填it。 24．考查比较级。句意：我发现数学对我来说既简单又有趣，因为在英国所学的内容没有像在中国那样深奥难懂。作表语用形容词advanced，结合上文easy以及后文than可知为比较级，表示“没那么深奥”用less advanced。故填less advanced。 25．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，学习英语对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。作主语，用动名词形式。故填learning。 26．考查状语从句。句意：在英国，课堂讨论是非常重要的环节，但我却无法做出太多贡献，因为有时我无法用英语清晰地表达自己的想法。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”用because。故填because。 27．考查名词。句意：幸运的是，我的老师和同学们总是很热心，给了我很多鼓励。作动词的宾语，用名词encouragement，不可数。故填encouragement。 28．考查时态。句意：我的语言能力随着时间的推移得到了提高。根据后文over time可知发生在过去用一般过去时。故填improved。 29．考查介词。句意：当时有很多选择，比如面包配黄油、鸡肉馅饼和布丁，但我还是想念妈妈做的饭菜！意为 “包括”，后接举例内容用介词including。故填including。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。此处one与attract构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填attracting。 19 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$