衔接点18 七选五阅读之快读巧解方略（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点18 七选五阅读之巧解方略（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 侧重对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次，才能比较准确地确定应该选择哪个选项。 “七选五阅读”，一般以说明文和议论文为主，记叙文为辅，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次 高中阶段考查形式：注重信息还原(七选五)所选文章多为说明文,文章结构通常为“总—分(—总)”,内容通常是教人如何学习、如何做事、如何生活等,符合中学生的特点,贴近中学生的日常生活。。 【初中阶段考点聚焦】 【题型概述】 阅读还原句子是中考题型中比较新的题型，一般有200-250个单词左右，常见题型为5选5、6选5、7选5。这题型实际上需要学生拓宽自己思维的深度和广度，不再只是简单地从句子层面出发理解和把控词汇含义和语法结构，从而逐步理解篇章意思，而是从更高层次的篇章层面上，立足整体，体会句子或语段前后的衔接和连贯性，进而把握篇章大意和作者写作思路及其意图。它要求考生不但要有扎实的语言功底，而且还要有较强的逻辑思维能力，要求考生能够“既见树木又见森林”,极大的增加了考生的难度。 【考查内容】 文章选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布有段中、段首和段尾设题形式，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。 【解题策略】 · 忌忽略选项。做题时, 应先把文章后面所给的备选项快速浏览一遍, 然后带着这些备选项进行阅读。边读边选出比较简单的选项, 从而提高阅读效率。 · 忌草率行事。在设计选项时, 命题者往往在几个选项中设计出一个或两个似是而非的答案。对所给相似选项, 要进行分析、比较, 去伪存真。 · 忌囫囵定案。忌考生在未完全读懂文章时就匆忙定案。尚未读懂的地方, 一定要联系上下文, 仔细多读几遍, 直到读懂再定答案。 【示例】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入小题横线上的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In our daily life, while we look for happiness, we may often end up with bad feelings. Here is some advice on beating those low spirits. 1 When you have a conversation with your friends, they can understand how you feel. This can make you feel happy again. It also helps you see yourself in positive (积极的) ways, so you can get back to being who you want to be. Get out of the house. 2 That’s OK, but at least let yourself walk to a place that is beautiful or a place that brings you some peace. A change of fresh air will help you feel better. Watch a comedy. When you’re sad, you don’t want to laugh. But the cycle of sadness must be broken so you can get back to your normal life. 3 Smile. When you smile, there will be chemicals (化学物质) in your brain that make you want to smile more and make you feel better. 4 People will smile back, and that will make you happier. 5 Please give yourself a chance. You’d be surprised at how easy it is to feel better when you do things to help yourself. A．Talk with friends. B．Make new friends. C．Go to a public place and wear a smile. D．The more you smile, the happier you will feel. E．These ideas above are to make you feel happy. F．And watching a comedy is a very easy way to start it. G．Going out can be hard if you don’t want to be around people. 【高中阶段考点聚焦】 课标解读 1) 题型特点: 1.段首句。通常是段落主题句,或与后文形成并列、转折、因果等关系,又或是段落间的过渡句。 2.段中句。通常与前后句形成并列、递进、因果、转折等关系。 3.段尾句。通常是结论、概括性语句,又或者是引出下一段的内容。从上表还可以看出试题设置在段中的数量较多,段首句和段尾句较少。在做题过程中,段中试题由于有段落内上下文的提示,比较容易得到答案。段尾试题往往是段落的总结,难度也不大。通常情况下,段首的试题难度也比较小,因为在英语写作中,段首句多为段落主旨句,考生可以根据段落后面的文本快速推测答案。但是当段首句是对上下段的过渡时,难度陡增。 2) 文章结构 (a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点) (b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述) (c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比) (d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的) (e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点) 考点清单 · 考点一：段首题 1、通常是段落的主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。 2、与后文是并列、转折或因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。 3、段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机衔接, 并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 【示例】 ......... Purpose of sleep 　2　 Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say: When you close your eyes and need to rest, sleep is just the very best! This is more than advice.   A.Sleepy animals B.Why do we need sleep? C.Some people talk in their dreams. · 考点二：段中题 若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 1、盯紧横线的前后词语。根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词。 2、抓住过渡词，看住上下句。看与前文是否是转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。看与前文是否是并列或排比关系，在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节。因此，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。 【示例】 From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ___10___ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders. A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females. B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too? C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone. · 考点三：段尾题 1、空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 2、通常是结论、概括性语句 注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词：Therefore，as a result，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word，all in all，in conclusion等词语。选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 3、所选答案是引出下一段的内容的句子 如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 4、如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。 【示例】 As for their love lives, nine percent of women aged 45-54 met their husbands through the Internet, and forty-nine percent of women believe that the best age to get married is between 25 and 29. 4 A．It seems that British women aren’t too happy with their bodies. B．I want you to share opinions with us. C．Here are some of the results. D．Fifty-nine percent think fathers should take more responsibility for their children. E．More and more women prefer being alone to getting married. F．The biggest challenge for modem women is balancing home and work life (82%). G．Because they think they can make a rational choice at that age. 【Passage 1】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many have heard of shark fin soup. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. 1 Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. 2 Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. 3 The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. 4 So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? 5 A．Help save the sharks! B．They are in great danger now. C．This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. D．It is this high price that has lead to the spread of shark finning. E．If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. F．They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. G．But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. 【Passage 2】 Do you find it hard to say no whenever someone comes to you for help? Do you feel sorry when you have to tell people that you really can’t help them? And do you often say “yes” while your answer is “no”? If you answered yes, you may be a “people-pleaser”. Being friendly and helpful is a good thing. However, going too far can make you feel stressed. 6 To start with, it’s important to know your limits and create “boundaries” in your life. Be clear about what you really like to do. 7 They can only come to you at that time. 8 In this case, you can try positive self-talk. Remind yourself that you have dreams too. You don’t have to give away your time and energy to do things that don’t bring you joy. Making a sudden change can be hard, so start by taking small steps. You may, for example, text to say no. 9 Practice this in different situations, such as talking to a salesperson or ordering at a restaurant. Then try refusing your friends or relatives. Stopping being a people-pleaser doesn’t mean you have to give up being kind and helpful altogether. 10 Pleasing yourself is much more important than pleasing others. A．You can tell others how you will help them. B．You can also tell others what time you are free. C．Then, work your way up to saying no in person. D．It makes you feel better to say no to others without facing them. E．You can still do good things—but don’t take away your own happiness. F．Luckily, there are some steps that you can take to stop being a people-pleaser. G．Some people try to please others because they have little confidence in themselves. 【Passage 3】 How different can cultures be? Very! People from different cultures can eat different foods and live in different kinds of houses. They probably speak different languages and have different beliefs and customs. But guess what? 11 The similarities between cultures connect people and help them communicate. We sometimes call these means (方式) of communication universal (全世界的) languages. 12 And some of them allow people of wildly different backgrounds to communicate and share emotions and feelings. For example, some people believe music is a universal language. 13 Experts have learned hat, across cultures, people can notice three common emotions in music: happiness, sadness, and fear. Music may even be able to bridge the differences not only between people of different cultures but also between people and other creatures (生物). Music has been known to be a good influence on all kinds of animals. So what other kinds of languages that everyone can understand might there be? 14 Along with music, dancing seems to be a common interest shared by people allover the world. Do you think you could see a dance from another culture and make some reasonable guesses about the ideas and emotions behind it? Of course, you could! Another universal language that you might not have thought of is math! 15 The value of pi (圆周率) is around 3.14159, no matter where you are on Earth! A．There is some scientific support for this idea. B．There is no doubt that art is a universal language too. C．If you think about it now, though, it just makes sense. D．They can also be similar in ways you might not expect. E．Some people believe dance is also a universal language. F．People from different cultures don’t have different opinions on all things. G．Strictly speaking, they’re not languages but ways of sharing thoughts and ideas. 【Passage 4】 On March 4th, after 10 years of difficult talks, nearly 200 countries agreed to a new UN agreement-the High Seas Treaty (《公海保护协议》) . It is the first of its kind in 40 years, 16 Oceans cover about 71% of the earth’s surface, and are home to all animals and plants. Healthy oceans play a very important role in a healthy planet. 17 Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had terrible influence on many fishes and other animals. Pollution has caused serious damage (破环) in many areas. In 1982, one UN sea agreement described the “high seas”—the parts of the oceans that aren’t controlled by any country. 18 The high seas cover about 2/3 of the ocean. But now only l.2% of these areas are protected. 19 It also requires that the research should first be done to see what influence human’s activities might have on the ocean environment. During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again. 20 For example, there are disagreements about how much to control fishing or pollution, Now the agreement has a long way to go, which must be officially accepted at a UN meeting and be supported by enough countries before it works. A．But the oceans are in trouble. B．And it’s a great achievement in protecting the world’s oceans. C．The agreement was finally reached after difficult discussions. D．So all countries have the right (权利) to fish and send ships there. E．That is because different countries have their own different ideas. F．The new agreement sets a goal to turn 30% of the high seas into protected areas. G．Oceans are important for everything on the earth. 【Passage 5】 How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and improves health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 21 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. Associate with others. The first step in making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. Start a conversation Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 22 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. 23    Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. Let it grow It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press (强迫) your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 24 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. Enjoy your friendship The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 25 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A．Be cheerful. B．Do things together. C．Do not wait to be spoken to. D．Try not to find faults (缺点) with your friends. E．Making new friends comes easy for some people. F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 【Passage 1】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Bananas don’t grow on trees. They grow on a stalk (茎) that looks just a little like a stalk of corn. The stalk is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It takes about a year before bananas are ready to be picked. Some are as small as fingers. 31 . Some banana plants grow as tall as a house—even taller! 32 . Some never get sweet, and they are cooked as a kind of vegetable. The tasty fruit doesn’t come from a seed but from a root planted deep in the ground. First, a stalk pushes up into the air. 33 . In the beginning, the banana plant grows very fast—sometimes as much as the length of your feet in one night. Soon, sweet-smelling flowers come out, and when their flowers drop off, bananas begin to grow. As they get bigger, bananas start turning up (卷起来). 34 ! Bananas are ready to eat when they turn soft and yellow. Bananas are picked long before this——when they’re hard and green. This is because bananas have to travel many miles before they arrive at a store. 35 . There are special boats just for bananas and special trains that keep them just cool enough so that they will get ripe (成熟的) while traveling. If bananas are picked when they are ripe, they will spoil on the way. A．Then the leaves grow B．Not all bananas are eaten as fruit C．A long time is spent picking bananas D．It looks as if they’re growing upside down E．Many people like eating bananas F．Others are as long as men、’s arms G．On boats and trains bananas travel all over the world 【Passage 2】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Sleep Smarter Studies show that poor sleep influences people to make good decisions, focus on work and even manage a friendly mood at work. 36 . Today we’ve got four top favorite sleep tips and facts. Set a regular bedtime 37 . Choose a time when you normally feel tired. Try not to break this routine on weekends when you will probably stay up late. If you want to change your bedtime, make the change gradually, such as 15 minutes earlier or later each day. Eat the right food. Some foods are more helpful to a better night’s sleep than others. 38 . Others like bananas, potatoes, and whole-wheat bread are also helpful. 39 Exercising provides lots of good health benefits. A good night’s sleep is one of them. But make sure you exercise in the morning or afternoon. The National Sleep Foundation reports that exercise in the morning or afternoon can help deepen sleep and cut the time it takes for you to fall into sleep. However, those who worked out in the evening hours saw little or no improvement in their sleep. Reduce screen time before bed 40 . A recent study shows that people who use electronic media just before bedtime report lower-quality sleep even when they get as much sleep as those who don’t. A．Avoid the alarm clock B．Exercise to improve sleep C．Try to solve problems in your sleep D．Go to bed at the same time every night E．There are lots of ways to better your sleep F．Everybody knows that warm milk helps people sleep better G．Stop watching TV just before bedtime and you’ll sleep better 【Passage 3】 Computer games are very popular. It is natural for people to want to win, so playing against a computer or against a friend on the computer can be difficult to stop. 26 Computer games do have their advantages. They are excellent for training hand and eye coordination (协调). 27 Computer games can also be great for teaching students. The students are open to learning while playing. 28 Students can also learn at their own speed and not feel stressed to follow classmates. And with computers you can practice a task as many times as you like. 29 But like anything else in life, things should be balanced. 30 Some breaks are needed. If students can not stop playing computer games, they won’t do well in other areas in their life-not just schoolwork, but in developing important social skills such as how to talk with people and how to work with others as part of a team. And if they are no longer taking exercise, their health will become worse. Computer games have their place, but people must also remember it is important to have a balanced lifestyle. A．Researchers have found that computer games can improve children’s interest in science. B．Surgeons (外科医生) who play computer games are usually more skilled. C．“Just one more game” often turns into another game, then another. D．People seem to do things after they get home as well, like playing computer games. E．Too much time on the computer can hurt your eyes. F．The more you practice, the better you will get, until you can do it perfectly. G．They can study for longer than a teacher would be able to teach. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点18 七选五阅读之巧解方略（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 侧重对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次，才能比较准确地确定应该选择哪个选项。 “七选五阅读”，一般以说明文和议论文为主，记叙文为辅，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次 高中阶段考查形式：注重信息还原(七选五)所选文章多为说明文,文章结构通常为“总—分(—总)”,内容通常是教人如何学习、如何做事、如何生活等,符合中学生的特点,贴近中学生的日常生活。。 【初中阶段考点聚焦】 【题型概述】 阅读还原句子是中考题型中比较新的题型，一般有200-250个单词左右，常见题型为5选5、6选5、7选5。这题型实际上需要学生拓宽自己思维的深度和广度，不再只是简单地从句子层面出发理解和把控词汇含义和语法结构，从而逐步理解篇章意思，而是从更高层次的篇章层面上，立足整体，体会句子或语段前后的衔接和连贯性，进而把握篇章大意和作者写作思路及其意图。它要求考生不但要有扎实的语言功底，而且还要有较强的逻辑思维能力，要求考生能够“既见树木又见森林”,极大的增加了考生的难度。 【考查内容】 文章选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布有段中、段首和段尾设题形式，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。 【解题策略】 · 忌忽略选项。做题时, 应先把文章后面所给的备选项快速浏览一遍, 然后带着这些备选项进行阅读。边读边选出比较简单的选项, 从而提高阅读效率。 · 忌草率行事。在设计选项时, 命题者往往在几个选项中设计出一个或两个似是而非的答案。对所给相似选项, 要进行分析、比较, 去伪存真。 · 忌囫囵定案。忌考生在未完全读懂文章时就匆忙定案。尚未读懂的地方, 一定要联系上下文, 仔细多读几遍, 直到读懂再定答案。 【示例】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入小题横线上的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In our daily life, while we look for happiness, we may often end up with bad feelings. Here is some advice on beating those low spirits. 1 When you have a conversation with your friends, they can understand how you feel. This can make you feel happy again. It also helps you see yourself in positive (积极的) ways, so you can get back to being who you want to be. Get out of the house. 2 That’s OK, but at least let yourself walk to a place that is beautiful or a place that brings you some peace. A change of fresh air will help you feel better. Watch a comedy. When you’re sad, you don’t want to laugh. But the cycle of sadness must be broken so you can get back to your normal life. 3 Smile. When you smile, there will be chemicals (化学物质) in your brain that make you want to smile more and make you feel better. 4 People will smile back, and that will make you happier. 5 Please give yourself a chance. You’d be surprised at how easy it is to feel better when you do things to help yourself. A．Talk with friends. B．Make new friends. C．Go to a public place and wear a smile. D．The more you smile, the happier you will feel. E．These ideas above are to make you feel happy. F．And watching a comedy is a very easy way to start it. G．Going out can be hard if you don’t want to be around people. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．F 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文主要讲述了战胜情绪低落的建议。 1．根据“When you have a conversation with your friends, they can understand how you feel.”可知，此处建议和朋友聊天，选项A“和朋友聊天。”符合语境，故选A。 2．根据“Get out of the house.”可知，本段建议走出家门，选项G“如果你不想和人待在一起，出门可能会很困难。”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据“Watch a comedy.”可知，本段建议看喜剧，选项F“看喜剧是一个很简单的开始方式。”符合语境，故选F。 4．根据“People will smile back, and that will make you happier.”可知，你面带微笑，别人也会向你微笑，选项C“去公共场所，面带微笑。”符合语境，故选C。 5．根据“Please give yourself a chance. You’d be surprised at how easy it is to feel better when you do things to help yourself.”可知，此处放在文末进行总结，选项E“以上这些想法会让你感到快乐。”符合语境，故选E。 【高中阶段考点聚焦】 课标解读 1) 题型特点: 1.段首句。通常是段落主题句,或与后文形成并列、转折、因果等关系,又或是段落间的过渡句。 2.段中句。通常与前后句形成并列、递进、因果、转折等关系。 3.段尾句。通常是结论、概括性语句,又或者是引出下一段的内容。从上表还可以看出试题设置在段中的数量较多,段首句和段尾句较少。在做题过程中,段中试题由于有段落内上下文的提示,比较容易得到答案。段尾试题往往是段落的总结,难度也不大。通常情况下,段首的试题难度也比较小,因为在英语写作中,段首句多为段落主旨句,考生可以根据段落后面的文本快速推测答案。但是当段首句是对上下段的过渡时,难度陡增。 2) 文章结构 (a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，对人物的描述如传记，包括人身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就贡献等内容进行描述，因此时间、地点往往是出题重点) (b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用例子比喻类比阐述) (c)比较性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行对比) (d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因，客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的) (e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，然后分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后阐明自己的观点) 考点清单 · 考点一：段首题 1、通常是段落的主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。 2、与后文是并列、转折或因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。 3、段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机衔接, 并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 【示例】 ......... Purpose of sleep 　2　 Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say: When you close your eyes and need to rest, sleep is just the very best! This is more than advice.   A.Sleepy animals B.Why do we need sleep? C.Some people talk in their dreams. 答案　2.B　 【解析】根据本段小标题Purpose of sleep可知本段是在解释需要睡觉的原因。故选B。 · 考点二：段中题 若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 1、盯紧横线的前后词语。根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词。 2、抓住过渡词，看住上下句。看与前文是否是转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。看与前文是否是并列或排比关系，在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节。因此，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。 【示例】 From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ___10___ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders. A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females. B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too? C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone. 【答案】 10. A 【解析】根据上文“From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news?(由此可见，既有好消息，也有坏消息。这个坏消息？)”可知，本句承接上文说明坏消息是什么，故A选项“饮食失调领域必须根据只包括女性的研究来治疗男性”符合语境，故选A。 · 考点三：段尾题 1、空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 2、通常是结论、概括性语句 注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词：Therefore，as a result，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word，all in all，in conclusion等词语。选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 3、所选答案是引出下一段的内容的句子 如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 4、如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。 【示例】 As for their love lives, nine percent of women aged 45-54 met their husbands through the Internet, and forty-nine percent of women believe that the best age to get married is between 25 and 29. 4 A．It seems that British women aren’t too happy with their bodies. B．I want you to share opinions with us. C．Here are some of the results. D．Fifty-nine percent think fathers should take more responsibility for their children. E．More and more women prefer being alone to getting married. F．The biggest challenge for modem women is balancing home and work life (82%). G．Because they think they can make a rational choice at that age. 【答案】4．G 【导语】本文主要介绍 了对1000多名应该女性关于饮食习惯，人际关系，家庭价值观等问题的采访结果。 4．根据“forty-nine percent of women believe that the best age to get married is between 25 and 29”可知，结婚最好的年龄是25—29岁，接下来应表述为什么，这与选项G“因为他们认为在那个年龄段能够做明智的选择”符合语境，故选G。 【Passage 1】 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many have heard of shark fin soup. But do you realize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. 1 Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem. 2 Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. 3 The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”. 4 So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them? 5 A．Help save the sharks! B．They are in great danger now. C．This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. D．It is this high price that has lead to the spread of shark finning. E．If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. F．They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins. G．But in fact, around 70 million sharks are caught and traded in this industry every year. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了人们对鱼翅的喜爱导致了鲨鱼数量严重下降的情况，以及对整个生态系统的影响，同时环保组织也在呼吁政府立法来禁止鱼翅的买卖。 1．根据“When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean.”可知，此处介绍这种行为带来的不良后果，选项C“这不仅残忍，而且对环境有害”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem.”可知，此处鲨鱼数量减少带来的影响，选项E“如果它们的数量下降得太低，就会给所有的海洋生物带来危险”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.”可知，选项G“但事实上，每年大约有7000万只鲨鱼被捕获并在这个行业中交易”符合语境，用于介绍鲨鱼数量减少的原因。故选G。 4．根据“Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about ‘finning’.”可知，此处在说环境保护组织为保护鲨鱼做了哪些努力，选项F“他们甚至要求政府制定法律来禁止鱼翅的销售”符合语境。故选F。 5．根据“So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health, so why eat them?”可知，此处是号召人类保护鲨鱼，选项A“帮助拯救鲨鱼”符合语境。故选A。 【Passage 2】 Do you find it hard to say no whenever someone comes to you for help? Do you feel sorry when you have to tell people that you really can’t help them? And do you often say “yes” while your answer is “no”? If you answered yes, you may be a “people-pleaser”. Being friendly and helpful is a good thing. However, going too far can make you feel stressed. 6 To start with, it’s important to know your limits and create “boundaries” in your life. Be clear about what you really like to do. 7 They can only come to you at that time. 8 In this case, you can try positive self-talk. Remind yourself that you have dreams too. You don’t have to give away your time and energy to do things that don’t bring you joy. Making a sudden change can be hard, so start by taking small steps. You may, for example, text to say no. 9 Practice this in different situations, such as talking to a salesperson or ordering at a restaurant. Then try refusing your friends or relatives. Stopping being a people-pleaser doesn’t mean you have to give up being kind and helpful altogether. 10 Pleasing yourself is much more important than pleasing others. A．You can tell others how you will help them. B．You can also tell others what time you are free. C．Then, work your way up to saying no in person. D．It makes you feel better to say no to others without facing them. E．You can still do good things—but don’t take away your own happiness. F．Luckily, there are some steps that you can take to stop being a people-pleaser. G．Some people try to please others because they have little confidence in themselves. 【答案】6．F 7．B 8．G 9．C 10．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些如何避免成为“讨好型人格”的建议。 6．根据下文“To start with, it’s important to know your limits and create ‘boundaries’ in your life.”可知，此处承上启下，引出解决问题的建议，选项F“幸运的是，你可以采取一些步骤来停止取悦他人。”符合语境。故选F。 7．根据下文“They can only come to you at that time.”并结合选项可知，此处指告诉别人你什么时候有空，然后他们只能在那个时候来找你，选项B“你也可以告诉别人你什么时候有空。”符合语境。故选B。 8．根据下文“In this case, you can try positive self-talk. Remind yourself that you have dreams too. You don’t have to give away your time and energy to do things that don’t bring you joy.”并结合选项可知，此处指取悦别人的原因，选项G“有些人试图取悦他人，因为他们对自己没有信心。”符合语境。故选G。 9．根据下文“Practice this in different situations, such as talking to a salesperson or ordering at a restaurant. Then try refusing your friends or relatives.”可知，此处与当面拒绝别人有关，选项C“然后，努力做到当面拒绝。”符合语境。故选C。 10．根据下文“Pleasing yourself is much more important than pleasing others.”可知，此处与取悦自己有关，选项E“你仍然可以做好事——但不要剥夺你自己的幸福。”符合语境。故选E。 【Passage 3】 How different can cultures be? Very! People from different cultures can eat different foods and live in different kinds of houses. They probably speak different languages and have different beliefs and customs. But guess what? 11 The similarities between cultures connect people and help them communicate. We sometimes call these means (方式) of communication universal (全世界的) languages. 12 And some of them allow people of wildly different backgrounds to communicate and share emotions and feelings. For example, some people believe music is a universal language. 13 Experts have learned hat, across cultures, people can notice three common emotions in music: happiness, sadness, and fear. Music may even be able to bridge the differences not only between people of different cultures but also between people and other creatures (生物). Music has been known to be a good influence on all kinds of animals. So what other kinds of languages that everyone can understand might there be? 14 Along with music, dancing seems to be a common interest shared by people allover the world. Do you think you could see a dance from another culture and make some reasonable guesses about the ideas and emotions behind it? Of course, you could! Another universal language that you might not have thought of is math! 15 The value of pi (圆周率) is around 3.14159, no matter where you are on Earth! A．There is some scientific support for this idea. B．There is no doubt that art is a universal language too. C．If you think about it now, though, it just makes sense. D．They can also be similar in ways you might not expect. E．Some people believe dance is also a universal language. F．People from different cultures don’t have different opinions on all things. G．Strictly speaking, they’re not languages but ways of sharing thoughts and ideas. 【答案】11．D 12．G 13．A 14．E 15．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了三种通用语言：音乐、舞蹈和数学。 11．根据“The similarities between cultures connect people and help them communicate.”可知，提到了文化之间的相似性。选项D“它们也可能在你意想不到的方面相似。”符合语境。故选D。 12．根据“We sometimes call these means (方式) of communication universal (全世界的) languages.”可知，提到了通用语言。选项G“严格来说，它们不是语言，而是分享思想和观点的方式。”符合语境。故选G。 13．根据“For example, some people believe music is a universal language.”以及“Experts have learned hat, across cultures, people can notice three common emotions in music: happiness, sadness, and fear.”可知，有些人认为音乐是一种通用语言。专家们发现，在不同的文化中，人们可以在音乐中注意到三种常见的情绪：快乐、悲伤和恐惧。选项A“这一观点有一些科学依据。”符合语境。故选A。 14．根据“Along with music, dancing seems to be a common interest shared by people allover the world.”可知，和音乐一样，跳舞似乎是全世界人民的共同爱好。选项E“有些人认为舞蹈也是一种通用语言。”符合语境。故选E。 15．根据“The value of pi (圆周率) is around 3.14159, no matter where you are on Earth!”可知，另一种你可能没有想到的通用语言是数学，无论你在地球上的任何地方，圆周率的值大约是3.14159。选项C“如果你现在想一下，这是有道理的。”符合语境。故选C。 【Passage 4】 On March 4th, after 10 years of difficult talks, nearly 200 countries agreed to a new UN agreement-the High Seas Treaty (《公海保护协议》) . It is the first of its kind in 40 years, 16 Oceans cover about 71% of the earth’s surface, and are home to all animals and plants. Healthy oceans play a very important role in a healthy planet. 17 Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had terrible influence on many fishes and other animals. Pollution has caused serious damage (破环) in many areas. In 1982, one UN sea agreement described the “high seas”—the parts of the oceans that aren’t controlled by any country. 18 The high seas cover about 2/3 of the ocean. But now only l.2% of these areas are protected. 19 It also requires that the research should first be done to see what influence human’s activities might have on the ocean environment. During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again. 20 For example, there are disagreements about how much to control fishing or pollution, Now the agreement has a long way to go, which must be officially accepted at a UN meeting and be supported by enough countries before it works. A．But the oceans are in trouble. B．And it’s a great achievement in protecting the world’s oceans. C．The agreement was finally reached after difficult discussions. D．So all countries have the right (权利) to fish and send ships there. E．That is because different countries have their own different ideas. F．The new agreement sets a goal to turn 30% of the high seas into protected areas. G．Oceans are important for everything on the earth. 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．F 20．E 【导语】本文主要讲述了海洋的重要性，并讲述为了保护海洋，近200个国家同意了一项新的联合国协议——《公海保护协议》。 16．根据前句“It is the first of its kind in 40 years.”可知此处介绍这个协议的重要性，选项B“这是保护世界海洋的伟大成就。”符合语境。故选B。 17．根据后句“Overfishing (过度捕捞) has had terrible influence on many kinds of fish and other animals. Pollution has caused serious damage (破坏) in many areas.”可知此处介绍海洋处在危险中，选项A“但海洋却陷入了困境。”符合语境。故选A。 18．根据前句“In 1982, one UN sea agreement described the ‘high seas’—the parts of the oceans that aren’t controlled by any country”可知每个国家都可以使用海洋中不受任何国家控制的部分，选项D“因此，所有国家都有权在那里捕鱼并派遣船只。”符合语境。故选D。 19．根据前句“But now only 1.2% of these areas are protected.”可知此处讲述协议通过之后，有多少海洋受到保护，选项F“新协议设定了将30%的公海变成保护区的目标。”符合语境。故选F。 20． 根据前句“During the past 10 years, the talks were held time and time again.”可知此处介绍不断举行谈话的原因，选项E“这是因为不同的国家有自己不同的想法。”符合语境。故选E。 【Passage 5】 How to Make Friends Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and improves health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 21 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. Associate with others. The first step in making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. Start a conversation Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 22 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people. 23    Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. Let it grow It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press (强迫) your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 24 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. Enjoy your friendship The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 25 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A．Be cheerful. B．Do things together. C．Do not wait to be spoken to. D．Try not to find faults (缺点) with your friends. E．Making new friends comes easy for some people. F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to you. 【答案】21．E 22．C 23．B 24．G 25．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些关于如何结交和维持友谊的有用建议。 21．根据后文“But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.”可知转折说明交朋友对许多人来说很困难，E项“对于某些人来说，结交新朋友很容易。”符合语境，故选E。 22．根据后文“You can always start the conversation.”可知自己可以随时开始对话，C项“不要等待别人来跟你说话。”符合语境，故选C。 23．根据后文“Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.”可知要和朋友有共同的兴趣爱好，B项“一起做事情。”符合语境，故选B。 24．根据前文“However, try not to press (强迫) your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.”可知不要强迫朋友联系你，也需要给对方时间，G项“所以你需要给你的朋友时间对你做出反应。”符合语境，故选G。 25．根据后文“Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.”可知不要把朋友变成你希望他们成为的样子，D 项“尽量不要找你朋友的缺点。”符合语境，故选D。 【Passage 1】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Bananas don’t grow on trees. They grow on a stalk (茎) that looks just a little like a stalk of corn. The stalk is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It takes about a year before bananas are ready to be picked. Some are as small as fingers. 31 . Some banana plants grow as tall as a house—even taller! 32 . Some never get sweet, and they are cooked as a kind of vegetable. The tasty fruit doesn’t come from a seed but from a root planted deep in the ground. First, a stalk pushes up into the air. 33 . In the beginning, the banana plant grows very fast—sometimes as much as the length of your feet in one night. Soon, sweet-smelling flowers come out, and when their flowers drop off, bananas begin to grow. As they get bigger, bananas start turning up (卷起来). 34 ! Bananas are ready to eat when they turn soft and yellow. Bananas are picked long before this——when they’re hard and green. This is because bananas have to travel many miles before they arrive at a store. 35 . There are special boats just for bananas and special trains that keep them just cool enough so that they will get ripe (成熟的) while traveling. If bananas are picked when they are ripe, they will spoil on the way. A．Then the leaves grow B．Not all bananas are eaten as fruit C．A long time is spent picking bananas D．It looks as if they’re growing upside down E．Many people like eating bananas F．Others are as long as men、’s arms G．On boats and trains bananas travel all over the world 【答案】31．F 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．G 【导语】本文介绍了香蕉这种植物及其相关的一些情况。 31．根据“Some are as small as fingers.”以及“Some banana plants grow as tall as a house—even taller!”可知，这里接着上句的内容，继续描述香蕉的大小情况，选项F“有的像人的手臂一样长”符合语境。故选F。 32． 根据“Some never get sweet, and they are cooked as a kind of vegetable.”可知，这里应该是说不是说有的香蕉都能作水果，选项B“并不是所有的香蕉都可以当水果吃”符合语境，故选B。 33．根据“First a stalk pushes up into the air.”以及“In the beginning, the banana plant grows very fast—sometimes as much as the length of your feet in one night.”可知，这里应该讲的是植物的生长情况，选项A“然后叶子长出来了”符合语境，故选A。 34．根据“As they get bigger, bananas start turning up (卷起来).”可知，这里说的是香蕉的生长情况，选项D“看起来好像它们是倒挂着生长的”符合语境。故选D。 35．根据“There are special boats just for bananas and special trains that keep them just cool enough so that they will get ripe (成熟的) while traveling.”可知，这里应该说的是香蕉运输的情况，选项G“香蕉在船上和火车上周游世界”符合语境。故选G。 【Passage 2】 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Sleep Smarter Studies show that poor sleep influences people to make good decisions, focus on work and even manage a friendly mood at work. 36 . Today we’ve got four top favorite sleep tips and facts. Set a regular bedtime 37 . Choose a time when you normally feel tired. Try not to break this routine on weekends when you will probably stay up late. If you want to change your bedtime, make the change gradually, such as 15 minutes earlier or later each day. Eat the right food. Some foods are more helpful to a better night’s sleep than others. 38 . Others like bananas, potatoes, and whole-wheat bread are also helpful. 39 Exercising provides lots of good health benefits. A good night’s sleep is one of them. But make sure you exercise in the morning or afternoon. The National Sleep Foundation reports that exercise in the morning or afternoon can help deepen sleep and cut the time it takes for you to fall into sleep. However, those who worked out in the evening hours saw little or no improvement in their sleep. Reduce screen time before bed 40 . A recent study shows that people who use electronic media just before bedtime report lower-quality sleep even when they get as much sleep as those who don’t. A．Avoid the alarm clock B．Exercise to improve sleep C．Try to solve problems in your sleep D．Go to bed at the same time every night E．There are lots of ways to better your sleep F．Everybody knows that warm milk helps people sleep better G．Stop watching TV just before bedtime and you’ll sleep better 【答案】36．E 37．D 38．F 39．B 40．G 【导语】本文主要介绍了四种可以让自己获得更好的睡眠的技巧。 36．根据下文“Today we’ve got four top favorite sleep tips and facts.”可知空处与睡眠方法或技巧相关；选项E“有很多方法可以改善你的睡眠”符合。故选E。 37．根据小标题“Set a regular bedtime”和下文“Choose a time when you normally feel tired. ”可知空处是说睡觉的时间；选项D“每天晚上在同一时间上床睡觉”符合。故选D。 38．根据小标题“Eat the right food.”和空前“Some foods are more helpful to a better night’s sleep than others. ”可知空处是说有助于睡眠的食物；选项F“每个人都知道热牛奶有助于人们睡得更好”符合。故选F。 39．根据下文“Exercising provides lots of good health benefits.”可知空处与锻炼相关；选项B“运动改善睡眠”符合语境。故选B。 40．根据小标题“Reduce screen time before bed”和下文“... people who use electronic media just before bedtime report lower-quality sleep even when they get as much sleep as those who don’t.”可知空处是说睡前不要使用电子屏幕；选项G“睡前不要看电视，你会睡得更好”符合语境。故选G。 【Passage 3】 Computer games are very popular. It is natural for people to want to win, so playing against a computer or against a friend on the computer can be difficult to stop. 26 Computer games do have their advantages. They are excellent for training hand and eye coordination (协调). 27 Computer games can also be great for teaching students. The students are open to learning while playing. 28 Students can also learn at their own speed and not feel stressed to follow classmates. And with computers you can practice a task as many times as you like. 29 But like anything else in life, things should be balanced. 30 Some breaks are needed. If students can not stop playing computer games, they won’t do well in other areas in their life-not just schoolwork, but in developing important social skills such as how to talk with people and how to work with others as part of a team. And if they are no longer taking exercise, their health will become worse. Computer games have their place, but people must also remember it is important to have a balanced lifestyle. A．Researchers have found that computer games can improve children’s interest in science. B．Surgeons (外科医生) who play computer games are usually more skilled. C．“Just one more game” often turns into another game, then another. D．People seem to do things after they get home as well, like playing computer games. E．Too much time on the computer can hurt your eyes. F．The more you practice, the better you will get, until you can do it perfectly. G．They can study for longer than a teacher would be able to teach. 【答案】26．C 27．B 28．A 29．F 30．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了玩电脑游戏的优点和缺点，以及玩电脑游戏需要休息，平衡的生活方式很重要。 26．根据上文“so playing against a computer or against a friend on the computer can be difficult to stop.”可知，在电脑上与电脑或朋友玩游戏可能很难停止。由此可知空处与“很难停止”有关，C选项“‘再打一场游戏’通常会变成另一场，然后再一场”符合语境。故选C。 27．根据上文“They are excellent for training hand and eye coordination (协调).”可知，电脑游戏非常适合训练手和眼睛的协调能力。由此可知空处与“协调能力”有关，B选项“玩电脑游戏的外科医生通常更熟练”符合语境。故选B。 28．根据上文“The students are open to learning while playing.”可知，此处与“边玩边学”有关，A选项“研究人员发现，电脑游戏可以提高孩子们对科学的兴趣”符合语境。故选A。 29．根据上文“And with computers you can practice a task as many times as you like.”可知，有了电脑，你可以随心所欲地练习一项任务。由此可知空处与“练习任务”有关，F选项“你练习得越多，你就会变得越好，直到你能完美地完成为止”符合语境。故选F。 30．根据下文“Some breaks are needed.”可知，玩电脑游戏需要休息一下。由此可知空处与“需要休息的原因”有关，E选项“花太多时间在电脑上会伤到你的眼睛”符合语境。故选E。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$