专题02 数词，介词，连词讲练-【七升八】2025年新八年级英语暑期衔接讲义

专题02 数词，介词，连词讲练 数词 语法解析 一．基数词的构成 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one hundred one hundred and one two hundred 二．基数词的用法 用法 例子 句 法 功 能 主语 It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. The first day of May is International Labour Day. 宾语 It is worth three hundred. He was among the first to arrive. 定语 There are only three boys in the class. May is the fifth month of a year. 表示事物编号 No. Ten Middle School, Lesson One 表示年代 in the 1890s 表示年、月、日 On May 1st,2008 表示分数 分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如：one third, five sixths 表 示 时 间 整点 Tom often gets up at six in the morning.　 与汉语 顺序相同 4:25four twenty-five 6:30six thirty 几点过几分 at twenty past six, at a quarter past eleven 差几分到 几点 at five to six, at twenty-nine to ten 注意 1.表示某人约几十岁时，在表示整十位的基数词后面加-s。如： Tom went to New York in his twenties.汤姆在二十多岁时去了纽约。 2.分数作主语时，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数来确定。of 后为可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形式;of后面的名词为 不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Two thirds of the work is hard to finish.三分之二的工作很难完成。 Two thirds of the students in our class are League members.我们班里三分之二的学生是团员。 三．序数词的构成 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth twentieth twenty-first thirtieth thirty-ninth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth one hundred and first 注意 1.序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再一”，“又一”。如： We’ll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。We’ve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次(第四次)吗？ 2.基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。如： the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(Five) the twenty-first room——Room 21(Twenty-one) 随堂训练 基础题组 一．单项选择 1．There are ______ students in the school. They are studying hard for their dreams. A．three thousands B．thousand of C．thousands of D．three thousands of 2．We read the number 78,459 as ________. A．seventy-eight thousands, four hundred and fifty-nine B．seventy-eight thousand, four hundred and fifty-nine C．seventy-eight thousands, four hundreds and fifty-nine D．seventy-eight thousand, four hundreds fifty-nine 3．______ of the land in this area ______ covered with forests. A．One third; is B．One thirds; is C．One third; are D．One thirds; are 4．About 285 _______ people around the world are _______. A．million; blindness B．million; blind C．millions; blindness D．millions; blind 5．—How do you like our city, Jenny? —It’s wonderful. I would like to stay here for ________. A．two other days B．two another days C．more two days D．two more days 6．Here is a survey about how to be a good learner among 800 students. According to the form below, ________ students have chosen “Learning from mistakes” as their key words. A．120 B．260 C．300 D．240 7．The young tree is only ________ tall. It needs special care. A．one and half foot B．one and a half feet C．one feet and a half D．one and half a feet 8．—How long does it take to fly to Guangzhou, Nick? —________. A．Three hours and a half B．Three and half an hour C．Three and half hours D．Three and a half hour 9．Last Sunday was Andy’s ________ birthday. We had a birthday party. A．twelve B．the twelfth C．twelfth D．the twelve 10．In our school, ________ of the students ________ girls. A．two fifth; is B．two fifth; are C．two fifths; are D．two fifths; is 二．正确形式填空 1.Our town has been famous since the 　　　　　century.(twelve)  2.Every year， 　　　　　(百万) of books are donated to the children in poor areas.  3.Tomorrow they will have a party to celebrate his brother’s 　　　　　(五) birthday.  4.My sister was born on the 　　　　　(九) of June.  5.Seven 　　　　　(十二) of the students took part in the activity last weekend.  6.My aunt became a nurse in her 　　　　　(twenty) and she still loves her job now.  7.Two 　　　　　(nine) of the land in this area is covered with trees and grass. The rest is sandy.  8.I found out about Yumenguan in the famous poem written by Wang Zhihuan for the 　　　　　(one) time.  9.Wang Yaping， China’s 　　　　　(two) female astronaut， has recently recorded a video to send her greetings to women around the world on Women’s Day.  10.My uncle lives in a town 　　　　kilometers from Yangzhou. (十五)  提升题组 一．语篇填空 　　This time yesterday， Mr Zhang was celebrating his 1.　　　　　(ninety) birthday at home.  He said this to his family members: About two 2.　　　　　(three) of the people change houses during their lifetimes， but I have lived in this house since I was born. I’ve got 3.　　　　　(four) children and all of them were born in this house too. Most of the time it is a happy place. The street is very different from the one when I was young. In the 4.　　　　　(1970)， there were no cars and all the children played in the road. Some children still do， but it’s not the same—you’ve got to be very careful nowadays with the traffic. In the street， few people who live in the street are as old as I am now—many of them have died; 5.　　　　　(hundred) of neighbours have moved to another area. I only go out 6.　　　　　(two) a week now and I’m getting a bit deaf. But this is unimportant. I’ve got my children and my grandchildren， and they mean everything to me.  二．语法选择 The world's longest cross-sea bridge—the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB)—opened on 　1　. The Guardian described it as one of the “　2　 wonders of the modern world”.  Construction (施工) on the HZMB began 　3　 and cost about 　4　 yuan. The bridge links Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai, CGTN reported.  The HZMB is unique in many ways. It's designed to have a service life of 120 years,　5　 than most bridges.  In one section, the bridge turns into a 　6　 undersea tunnel that passes through two man-made islands. The tunnel is the world's longest undersea tunnel for road traffic, allowing large ships to continue passing through the sea area in the tunnel.  The bridge's engineers had to consider many environmental factors in order to protect the surrounding (周围的) environment while building the bridge.　7　 of Chinese white dolphins, an endangered species that lives in the area, attracted particular concern.  The HZMB will make it much more convenient to travel between the 　8　 areas it connects. It will shorten the travel time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai from four hours to about 　9　.  By connecting local cities and regions closer, the bridge will benefit 　10　 people in this area. It is expected to drive the economic (经济的) development of Hong Kong, Macao and nine Guangdong cities, South China Morning Post noted.   1.A.October 24, 2018　　　 B.24nd October, 2018 C.2018, October 24　　　 D.2018, 24th October 2.A.seven　　　 B.seventh　　　 C.the seventh　　　 D.sevens 3.A.in 2009　　　 B.in the 2009 C.in 2009s　　　 D.in the 2009s 4.A.120 billions　　　 B.120 billion of C.120 billions of　　　 D.120 billion 5.A.20-year-long　　　 B.20 years longer C.20 years long　　　 D.20-year longer 6.A.6.7 kilometer　　　B.6.7 kilometers C.6.7-kilometer　　　 D.6.7 kilometer's 7.A.One third　　　 B.One three C.One thirds　　　 D.One threes 8.A.one　　　 B.two　　　 C.three　　　 D.four 9.A.45 minute　　　 B.45 minutes C.45-minute　　　 D.45 minutes' 10.A.million　　　 B.millions C.million of　　　 D.millions of 介词 语法解析 一．介词的主要类别 表示时间 at, in, on, before, after, since, until, till, by, during, from...to..., past, to... 表示地点和方位 at, in, on, round, around, over, under, above, below, down, before, behind, between, among, up, in front of, in the front of, beside, next to, near... 表示空间运动 along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of, towards... 表示方式、方法和手段 by, with, in, through, on... 表示原因 for, at, from, with, of, because of... 表示“除……以外” besides, except, except for... 其他常用介词 about, like, without, against, off... 二．常见的时间介词 1.at, in, on at 侧重于表示时间点,用于时刻前。表示“在某一时刻”“在几点几分”,也可表示“在……(点)” at four /four o'clock 在四点 at a quarter to nine 九点差一刻 常用于固定搭配的短语中 at noon 在中午;at night 在夜晚;at/on weekends 在周末;at breakfast/ lunch /supper 在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭时;at this time of day 在每天的这个时候;at the moment此刻,现在;at Christmas 在圣诞节 in 强调某个时间段,常用于上午、下午、晚上或世纪、年、月、季节等之前。in+一段时间,一般用于一般将来时 in the morning /afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上; in the day 在白天 in July在七月;in 2012 在2012年;in March在三月;in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天; in the 21st century 在21世纪; in ten years十年后 on 表示具体的某一天,后接具体的日期,表示某一天的上午、下午、晚上,或用于有形容词修饰的某一天前等 on Sunday 在星期天;on weekdays 在工作日;on Friday morning/afternoon/evening 在星期五早上/上午/下午/晚上;on the afternoon of March 5th 在三月五日下午;on a cold winter evening 在一个寒冷冬天的晚上; on September 28th 在九月二十八日 用于公共节假日前 on New Year's Day 在元旦;on Children's Day 在儿童节;on Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夕 三．常见的地点介词 表示地点的介词有in、 on、 at、 to等,对其考查侧重于at、 on、 in的区别。at着重把所处的位置看作是某一个点,范围不明确,意为“在……内;在……上”,一般与较小的地方连用。in表示在某一区域或某一个立体的地方内,意为“在……(里)”,一般与较大的地方连用。on表示在一条线或一个平面上,意为“在……上”,如on the ground, on the wall, on the farm。 四．常见的方位介词 1.方位介词辨析图示 2.方位介词in、 on与 to 在表示方位时,in表示在某一地区内的某个方位(属于该范围);表示两地区“接壤”时,用介词on;表示“在某一范围之外(两地没有挨着)”时,用介词to。 3.besides, except besides 意为“而且”,侧重于“除……之外,还有”,表示加上 except 意为“除……之外”。在肯定句中,侧重把except后的宾语所涉及的部分排除在外,表示减去;在否定句中,except没有排他性 例如: There was another visitor besides me. 除了我之外,还有一位拜访者。(包括“我”在内共两人) The school library opens every day except Sunday. 学校图书馆除星期天外每天都开放。(星期天不开放) 易混易错 beside与besides的区别。beside用作介词,相当于be the side of,强调“在……旁”的含义。 4.across, through across(与on有关,表示从“面上”穿过) 意为“穿过”。强调穿过某一平面、表面。常与动词walk、go、run相连,相当于from side to side。across的前面加上一个动词如walk、go、run,相当于cross through (through与in有关,表示从“空间”纵穿) 表示“穿过,通过”。强调从某一空间内部“通过”“穿过”,往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等等 例如: Walk across the bridge, you will find the bookshop.走过桥,你就会找到那家书店。 The river runs through the city. 这条河从这座城市中间流过。 五．方式介词in、 by与with in 表示“用某种语言”,也可表示“用工具、材料”等 by “by+交通工具名词”表示搭乘或借助某种交通工具,如:by bus / bike / plane /...,可与“take a/the+交通工具名词”互换。例如: by bus=take a /the bus “by+动词的ing形式”表示“通过……方式/手段”。例如: She makes a living by selling clothes.她通过卖衣服谋生。 with 表示“借助于某一具体的工具、材料或人体器官”。例如: I write with a pen. 我用钢笔写字。 易混易错 表示出行的方式也可用“in (on)+冠词(形容词性物主代词等)+交通工具名词”结构;表示“步行”用on foot。walk to...与go...on foot表示“步行去……”,在同一个句子中,两者不能同时使用。 六．常见的介词短语 1.“动词+介词”的搭配。 look after look at look like look for look over listen to get to wait for take care of fall off catch up with agree with play with knock at pay for hear of send for hear from cover...with... fill...with... get on...with... stop...from... point to think about operate on depend on do with have nothing to do with turn on 2.“be动词+形容词+介词”的搭配。 be good at be good for be bad for be late for be different from be (become) interested in be weak in be worried about be afraid of be famous/well-known for be famous/well-known as be proud of be short of be fond of be tired of be busy with be strict with be kind to be ready for... 3.“介词+名词”的搭配。例如: at school at home at work at night at the moment at this time of year at the end of at the beginning of at once at the same time at noon at the foot of by air by the way by then for example for a holiday in English in the open air in front of in bed in line in trouble in a minute in surprise on duty on the way/on one's way (home) of course on top of on show 随堂训练 基础题组 一．单项选择 1．The concert will start at 7:00 p. m. ________ June 15th. 2．Tony’s birthday is ________ July 12th, 2010. A．in B．on C．at D．for 3．The Science and Technology Museum is located ________ the centre of Shanghai. A．in B．to C．on D．with 4．Yangzhou is ________ the east of China and ________ the west of Japan. A．in; to B．in; on C．to; in D．to; on 5．In the situation ________ the company is going broke (破产), the employees are trying their best to find solutions ________ the crisis. A．when; to B．when; of C．where; of D．where; to 6．Some students in our class will celebrate their birthdays ________ May. A．at B．on C．in D．for 7．The girl ________ long hair is my classmate. A．has B．with C．in D．on 8．All of the students went to the Great Wall________ Mary because she had to stay at home and looked after her sick brother. A．except B．with C．besides D．beside 9．The building ________ a big garden is my uncle’s. And the garden ________ flowers. A．has; is full of B．there is; full of C．with; is full of D．with; full of 10．—Do you spend a lot of time ________ computer? —No, but I spend some time ________ doing my homework. A．on; in B．in; on C．on; on D．in; in 二．用适当的介词完成下列句子 1.There are many apples 　 　 the tree in our yard.  2.My grandpa died peacefully 　 　a cold winter afternoon.  3.Li Fei improved his spoken English 　 　 watching English documentaries.  4.There will be a dancing competition 　 　the sixteenth day of March.  5.The old man's garden is so beautiful 　 　spring that kids like to play there.  6.Lily is only six years old, but she is very good 　 　 cooking.  7.Mr.Lin's flight will arrive 　 　 half an hour.Let's take a taxi to the airport.  8.Miss Yang helped her neighbor buy two kilos 　 　 sugar on her way home.  9.Mary has been looking 　 　 her ruler for 10 minutes. But it is actually in her schoolbag.  10.The students usually have their first class 　 　eight o'clock 　 　the morning.  11.I like dancing and singing and often spend a lot of time　 　 them.  12.Where is the key 　 　the front door?  13.After school, I like playing computer games and chatting 　 　my friends 　 　the Internet.  14.I learned a lot 　 　 the other students in this class.  15.What do you think 　 　my new car?  16.I hurried to school 　 　breakfast this morning, so I feel hungry now.  17.The man is a great basketball player.We are all proud 　 　 him.  18.My mother will come home 　 　 the morning of August 8.  19.I grew up 　 　 the foot of the mountain.  20.That naughty boy hid 　 　 the door and waited for his friends to find him.  三．正确形式填空 1.He didn’t want to go 　　　　　the expectation of his parents.(违反)  2.The app about how to learn Chinese is very popular 　　　　　the foreigners.(在……当中)  3.Walk 　　　　　(穿过) the bridge， and you’ll see the Panda House.  4.The temperature in our hometown usually drops 　　　　　(在……以下) zero in winter.  5.　　　　　(在……期间) his stay in Yancheng， he made some good friends.  6.Everyone was tired out because they worked w　　　　 a break until about eight in the evening.  7.Both jobs were very attractive， but I had to choose b　　　　　the two jobs.  8.You can use something simple l　　　　　a magazine or a newspaper.  提升题组 一．介词填空 In the past few years， quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less challenging. They are afraid that the stress of work robs them1.　　　　　 joy and happiness and brings them harm both physically and mentally.  2.　　　　　 fact， however， stress isn’t such a bad thing. Above all， unless it gets out of control， a certain amount of stress is 3.　　　　　 importance as it provides people 4.　　　　　 motivation(动机)， challenges， and purposes. Besides， people under stress prefer to realize their potential(潜能) and achieve their own personal worth—the very purpose of a human life. Last but not least， research has showed that proper stress can strengthen the immune system(免疫系统) and is good 5.　　　　　 health.  Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to escape. Developing our abilities to deal with stress can prevent us 6.　　　　　 being defeated(打败) by competitive society.  二．语法选择 When a man was walking 　1　 some elephants, he suddenly stopped. He was confused that these huge animals were being held only 　2　 a small rope tied 　3　 their front legs. No chains, no cages. It was obvious that the elephants could break their bonds at any time, but 　4　 some reasons, they did not.  He saw a trainer nearby and asked why the animals just stood there and made no attempt to get away.“Well,” the trainer said, “when they were very young and much smaller, we used the same rope to keep them 　5　 running away. 　6　 that age, it was enough to hold them. As they grow up, they get used 　7　 believing they cannot break the rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free.”  The man was amazed. These animals could break free whenever they wanted, but because they believed they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were. How many of us go 　8　 life like the elephants—holding 　9　 the belief that we cannot do something simply because we failed in it once before?  Failure is a part of learning. If we failed once, it doesn't mean we can never succeed. We should never give up trying when we encounter failures 　10　 life.  1.A.with　　　 B.on　　　 C.by　　　 D.to 2.A.by　　　 B.for　　　 C.from　　　 D.at 3.A.in　　　 B.to　　　 C.with　　　 D.by 4.A.with　　　 B.at　　　 C.about　　　 D.for 5.A.to　　　 B.from　　　 C.for　　　 D.of 6.A.On　　　 B.In　　　 C.At　　　 D.For 7.A.with　　　 B.in　　　 C.to　　　 D.for 8.A.by　　　 B.on　　　 C.for　　　 D.through 9.A.to　　　 B.into　　　 C.with　　　 D.up 10.A.for　　　 B.by　　　 C.in　　　 D.to 并列连词 语法解析 并列连词是用来连接语法地位相同的单词、短语以及句子的连词。并列连词主要分为表示并列关系、转折关系、因果关系及选择关系的并列连词。 1. 表并列关系的：and（和；同；与）；both…and…（……和……都）；neither…nor…（既不……也不……）；not only…but also…（不但……而且……）；as well as（而且；还；又）。 （1）and“和，并且”连接并列关系的项。 （2）both …and...“既……又……”。 （3）neither…nor…“既不……也不……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。 （4）not only…but also…“不但……而且……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致 （5）as well as“而且；还；又”，它连接含有并列主语的句子中，谓语动词应与它前面的主语一致。 1.Both rice and cotton are grown in south China. 2.My sister studies both English and Japanese. 3.My father can speak neither English nor Chinese. 4.Neither you nor he is right. 5.He can play not only basketball but also football. 6.Not only Peter but also Bob comes here every day. 7.The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生们以及老师都出席了会议。 2、表示转折关系的： but（但；但是；可是）；while（然而）；yet（然而）；however（然而）。 （1）but“但；但是；可是”。 （2）yet“然而”。 （3）however“然而”。 （4）while“然而”。 1.She was very tired, but she kept working till midnight. 她虽然很累了，但还是一直工作到深夜。 2.The woman is old, but she looks very young. 3.My little sister is young, yet she is very clever. 4.Li Lei wanted to Seven Star Park, however ,he didn’t know the way. 5.He’s a worker while his wife is a doctor. 他是一名工人而他妻子是一名医生。 3、表示选择关系的：or（或；或者；还是；否则；不然）；either…or…（或者……或者……；不是……就是……）；not…but…（不是……而是……）。 （1）or“或；或者；还是；否则；不然”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。 （2）either…or…“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如：Nick is either in London or in Paris. 尼克不是在伦敦就是在巴黎。 （3） not…but…（不是……而是……）。 1.You or he is wrong. 2.You can watch TV or play games at home. 3.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school. 4.Either you or he is going to do some shopping this afternoon. 今天下午或者你或者他去购物。 5.Ma Lin is not a student but a teacher. 马林不是学生而是老师。 4. 表示因果关系的：so（所以）；therefore（因此）；for（因为）。 （1）so“因此，所以”。 （2）therefore“因此，所以”。 （3）for“因为”。 1.I got up late, so I was late for class. 2.It’s snowing heavily, so I have to stay at home. 3.Mr. Wang can’t come here today; therefore you needn’t wait for him. 4.It must be snowing, for it is bright outside. 随堂训练 基础训练 一．单项选择 1．The kitchen was messy after cooking, ______ I cleaned it at once. A．or B．so C．but D．because 2．—Let’s play football now! —Good idea, _______ I’ve forgotten to bring the ball. A．so B．or C．and D．but 3．Many young people have realized the importance of health, ________ they still go to work without breakfast. A．so B．or C．but D．and 4．I am interested in European history ________ I will visit Britain this summer. A．so B．or C．for D．but 5．She didn’t go to the park ________ it rained heavily. A．because B．so C．but D．or 6．Although he is very old, ________ he works very hard. A．so B．but C．and D．/ 7．Amy and Sandy are quite different. Sandy likes joining in different activities, ________ Amy mostly does reading at home alone. A．when B．while C．if D．because 8．—Can you come to my party? —I’d love to, ________ I have to visit my grandparents. A．until B．but C．because D．unless 9．In autumn, the weather gets cooler ________ the green leaves start to turn gold. A．because B．but C．and D．or 10．Exercise improves our bone health, ________ we should make it a habit. A．but B．although C．so D．because 能力提升 一．语法选择 She used to sleep on the sidewalk (人行道) of the Fifth Street Post Office. I could smell her 　1　 I came close. She wore dirty clothes and her mouth was nearly toothless. I rarely saw her talk with others. 　2　 she was not asleep, she talked to herself. I always had sympathy for her. What a poor old lady! She must be desperate (绝望的)　3　 hungry.  One Thanksgiving, we had lots of food left over. I thought about the old lady. She might be still hungry. 　4　 I packed the food up and drove over to the post office.  It was a cold night. There was hardly anyone out. 　5　 I knew she would stay at the same place and I would find her easily.  There she was, sitting against a fence near the post office. She was dressed 　6　 she always was.  I drove my car over to her, rolled down the window and said, “I've brought you some food. Would you like some turkey (火鸡) and apple pie?” 　7　, the old woman didn't seem to be very excited about this. She looked at me and said quite clearly, “Oh, thank you very much, but someone has given me food earlier and I'm quite full now. Why don't you take it to someone else 　8　 needs it?”  Her words were so clear and her manners were so gracious (亲切的)　9　 no one would consider her as a homeless woman. Soon her head sank into her arms again. I was the only person who didn't know 　10　 to say.  1.A.before　　　 B.unless C.until　　　 D.since 2.A.Because　　　B.Before C.If　　　 D.Although 3.A.but　　　 B.and C.or　　　 D.so 4.A.So　　　 B.Because C.Though　　　 D.And 5.A.Though　　　 B.But C.So　　　 D.Or 6.A.as　　　 B.so C.because　　　 D.and 7.A.Instead　　　 B.However C.But　　　 D.Therefore 8.A.whom　　　 B.who C.which　　　 D.whose 9.A.that　　　 B.what C.which　　　 D.when 10.A.how　　　 B.whether C.what　　　 D.that 二．短文填空 A popular one-armed teenager in China Despite losing one arm, Zhang Jiacheng never loses his love for basketball or willingness to improve his skills on the court. Zhang is 15 now and he likes playing basketball very much. 　1　 a video of him was posted online, he became very popular in China. In the video, he showed his dribbing abilities(运球能力) in front of the defense made up of some professional(专业的) basketball players, 　2　 received a loud cheer from people watching on site.  Born in southern China's Guangdong Province, Zhang lost his right arm in an accident when he was just five. However, Zhang decides to face up to the hardship, 　3　 to be a basketball player is his dream.  Zhang works very hard. 　4　 it is rainy or windy, he never stops practicing playing basketball, and has made much progress in his skills.  “Give it a try, 　5　 give it up,” Zhang said in a video. Of course, he chose the former.  1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 数词，介词，连词讲练 数词 语法解析 一．基数词的构成 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one hundred one hundred and one two hundred 二．基数词的用法 用法 例子 句 法 功 能 主语 It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. The first day of May is International Labour Day. 宾语 It is worth three hundred. He was among the first to arrive. 定语 There are only three boys in the class. May is the fifth month of a year. 表示事物编号 No. Ten Middle School, Lesson One 表示年代 in the 1890s 表示年、月、日 On May 1st,2008 表示分数 分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如：one third, five sixths 表 示 时 间 整点 Tom often gets up at six in the morning.　 与汉语 顺序相同 4:25four twenty-five 6:30six thirty 几点过几分 at twenty past six, at a quarter past eleven 差几分到 几点 at five to six, at twenty-nine to ten 注意 1.表示某人约几十岁时，在表示整十位的基数词后面加-s。如： Tom went to New York in his twenties.汤姆在二十多岁时去了纽约。 2.分数作主语时，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数来确定。of 后为可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形式;of后面的名词为 不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Two thirds of the work is hard to finish.三分之二的工作很难完成。 Two thirds of the students in our class are League members.我们班里三分之二的学生是团员。 三．序数词的构成 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth twentieth twenty-first thirtieth thirty-ninth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth one hundred and first 注意 1.序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再一”，“又一”。如： We’ll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。We’ve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次(第四次)吗？ 2.基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。如： the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(Five) the twenty-first room——Room 21(Twenty-one) 随堂训练 基础题组 一．单项选择 1．There are ______ students in the school. They are studying hard for their dreams. A．three thousands B．thousand of C．thousands of D．three thousands of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学校里有数千名学生。他们正在为他们的梦想努力学习。 考查大数的表达。thousand前面有具体数字时，不加s，前面无明确数字时，要用复数形式，后面跟of，表示概数。thousands of意为“数以千计的”，符合语境。故选C。 2．We read the number 78,459 as ________. A．seventy-eight thousands, four hundred and fifty-nine B．seventy-eight thousand, four hundred and fifty-nine C．seventy-eight thousands, four hundreds and fifty-nine D．seventy-eight thousand, four hundreds fifty-nine 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们把数字78,459读作七万八千四百五十九。 考查基数词的表达。基数词的表达十位和个位之间加连字符，百位和十位之间加and。基数词+hundred表示“几百”，hundred不需要加s。基数词+thousand，同样thousand不需要加s。故选B。 3．______ of the land in this area ______ covered with forests. A．One third; is B．One thirds; is C．One third; are D．One thirds; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个地区三分之一的土地被森林覆盖。 考查分数表达及主谓一致。分数的表达方式为“分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子超过了1，分母用序数词的复数”，所以“三分之一”为one third；分数作主语时，谓语动词和of后的名词保持一致，land为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，故选A。 4．About 285 _______ people around the world are _______. A．million; blindness B．million; blind C．millions; blindness D．millions; blind 【答案】B 【详解】句意：全世界大约有2.85亿人是盲人。 考查数词和形容词。million百万，前面有具体数字时，不能加s；blind失明的，形容词，在句中作表语；blindness失明，名词。根据million的用法，排除C、D；are是系动词，后面跟形容词构成系表结构，故第二空用blind。故选B。 5．—How do you like our city, Jenny? —It’s wonderful. I would like to stay here for ________. A．two other days B．two another days C．more two days D．two more days 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——珍妮，你觉得我们的城市怎么样？——很棒。我想在这里再待两天。 考查代词。“another+数词+名词复数”表示“另外几个……”，相当于“数词+more+名词复数”。故选D。 6．Here is a survey about how to be a good learner among 800 students. According to the form below, ________ students have chosen “Learning from mistakes” as their key words. A．120 B．260 C．300 D．240 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是一项关于如何成为优秀学习者的调查，共有800名学生参与。根据下表，有240名学生选择了“从错误中学习”作为他们的关键词。 考查数字运算。根据表格可知，“Learning from mistakes”占比30%，总数是800，所以答案是800×30%=240。故选D。 7．The young tree is only ________ tall. It needs special care. A．one and half foot B．one and a half feet C．one feet and a half D．one and half a feet 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这棵树苗只有一英尺半高。它需要特殊护理。 考查数词。“一个半”的表达：正确结构为one and a half + 复数名词。故选B。 8．—How long does it take to fly to Guangzhou, Nick? —________. A．Three hours and a half B．Three and half an hour C．Three and half hours D．Three and a half hour 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——尼克，坐飞机去广州需要多长时间？——三个半小时。 考查数词。英语中， “三个半小时” 的英文有两种表达方式：three hours and a half；three and a half hours，所以A项符合。故选A。 9．Last Sunday was Andy’s ________ birthday. We had a birthday party. A．twelve B．the twelfth C．twelfth D．the twelve 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周日是安迪的十二岁生日。我们举办了一个生日派对。 考查序数词用法。twelve十二，基数词；the twelfth第十二；twelfth第十二；the twelve十二（特指）。表示“第几个生日”时，要用序数词，且空前已有名词所有格“Andy’s ”修饰序数词，不再加定冠词the。故选C。 10．In our school, ________ of the students ________ girls. A．two fifth; is B．two fifth; are C．two fifths; are D．two fifths; is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我们学校，五分之二的学生是女生。 考查分数的表达和主谓一致。英语中分数的构成是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过一，分母变复数。所以五分之二的正确表达是two fifths，排除A和B选项。分数后面的谓语动词要根据分数后面所跟的名词来决定，此处students是可数名词复数，所以谓语动词用are，故选C。 二．正确形式填空 1.Our town has been famous since the 　　　　　century.(twelve)  答案　twelfth　空格后为名词单数century，且空前有the，故空格处应填twelve的序数词形式，表示“第十二”，故填twelfth。 2.Every year， 　　　　　(百万) of books are donated to the children in poor areas.  答案　millions　millions of...“数百万……”，后加名词复数形式，故填millions。 3.Tomorrow they will have a party to celebrate his brother’s 　　　　　(五) birthday.  答案　fifth　根据空格后的单数名词birthday可知，空格处应填序数词，表示“第五个生日”。故填fifth。 4.My sister was born on the 　　　　　(九) of June.  答案　ninth　表示日期时要使用序数词，故填ninth。 5.Seven 　　　　　(十二) of the students took part in the activity last weekend.  答案　twelfths　根据中文提示可知，此处应填twelve的适当形式。分母用序数词表示，当分子大于1时，分母要用复数。故填twelfths。 6.My aunt became a nurse in her 　　　　　(twenty) and she still loves her job now.  答案　twenties　考查基数词。“in one’s+整十基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，故此处应用twenty的复数形式。故填twenties。 7.Two 　　　　　(nine) of the land in this area is covered with trees and grass. The rest is sandy.  答案　ninths　考查分数。分子two是基数词，分母应用序数词的复数形式，nine的序数词为ninth，two ninths“九分之二”。故填ninths。 8.I found out about Yumenguan in the famous poem written by Wang Zhihuan for the 　　　　　(one) time.  答案　first　“for the +序数词+time”指“第几次”，此处指“第一次”，one的序数词是first，故填first。 9.Wang Yaping， China’s 　　　　　(two) female astronaut， has recently recorded a video to send her greetings to women around the world on Women’s Day.  答案　second　考查序数词。根据空格后的female astronaut可知，此空应填second，指“中国第二个女性航天员”，空格前有China’s，所以second前面不加the。 10.My uncle lives in a town 　　　　kilometers from Yangzhou. (十五)  答案　fifteen　考查基数词。由空后的kilometers可知，此空应填基数词。“十五”的英文为fifteen，故填fifteen。 提升题组 一．语篇填空 　　This time yesterday， Mr Zhang was celebrating his 1.　　　　　(ninety) birthday at home.  He said this to his family members: About two 2.　　　　　(three) of the people change houses during their lifetimes， but I have lived in this house since I was born. I’ve got 3.　　　　　(four) children and all of them were born in this house too. Most of the time it is a happy place. The street is very different from the one when I was young. In the 4.　　　　　(1970)， there were no cars and all the children played in the road. Some children still do， but it’s not the same—you’ve got to be very careful nowadays with the traffic. In the street， few people who live in the street are as old as I am now—many of them have died; 5.　　　　　(hundred) of neighbours have moved to another area. I only go out 6.　　　　　(two) a week now and I’m getting a bit deaf. But this is unimportant. I’ve got my children and my grandchildren， and they mean everything to me.  1.ninetieth　此空填序数词，指“第九十个生日”。 2.thirds　此空考查分数的表达法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。故此空填thirds。 3.four　此空填基数词，表示“数量”，指“四个孩子”。 4.1970s/1970’s　此处是年代的表达。in the 1970s/in the 1970’s指“在20世纪70年代”。 5.hundreds　hundreds of指“数百个，成百的”。 6.twice　twice a week指“每周两次”。 二．语法选择 The world's longest cross-sea bridge—the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB)—opened on 　1　. The Guardian described it as one of the “　2　 wonders of the modern world”.  Construction (施工) on the HZMB began 　3　 and cost about 　4　 yuan. The bridge links Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai, CGTN reported.  The HZMB is unique in many ways. It's designed to have a service life of 120 years,　5　 than most bridges.  In one section, the bridge turns into a 　6　 undersea tunnel that passes through two man-made islands. The tunnel is the world's longest undersea tunnel for road traffic, allowing large ships to continue passing through the sea area in the tunnel.  The bridge's engineers had to consider many environmental factors in order to protect the surrounding (周围的) environment while building the bridge.　7　 of Chinese white dolphins, an endangered species that lives in the area, attracted particular concern.  The HZMB will make it much more convenient to travel between the 　8　 areas it connects. It will shorten the travel time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai from four hours to about 　9　.  By connecting local cities and regions closer, the bridge will benefit 　10　 people in this area. It is expected to drive the economic (经济的) development of Hong Kong, Macao and nine Guangdong cities, South China Morning Post noted.   1.A.October 24, 2018　　　 B.24nd October, 2018 C.2018, October 24　　　 D.2018, 24th October 2.A.seven　　　 B.seventh　　　 C.the seventh　　　 D.sevens 3.A.in 2009　　　 B.in the 2009 C.in 2009s　　　 D.in the 2009s 4.A.120 billions　　　 B.120 billion of C.120 billions of　　　 D.120 billion 5.A.20-year-long　　　 B.20 years longer C.20 years long　　　 D.20-year longer 6.A.6.7 kilometer　　　B.6.7 kilometers C.6.7-kilometer　　　 D.6.7 kilometer's 7.A.One third　　　 B.One three C.One thirds　　　 D.One threes 8.A.one　　　 B.two　　　 C.three　　　 D.four 9.A.45 minute　　　 B.45 minutes C.45-minute　　　 D.45 minutes' 10.A.million　　　 B.millions C.million of　　　 D.millions of 文章介绍了港珠澳大桥。 1.A　本题考查日期的表达方式。英文日期的表达方式通常为:月—日—年或日—月—年,但B项基数词变序数词方法错误,故答案选择A。 2.A　本题考查基数词。“七大奇迹”并非“第七大奇迹”,故答案选择A。 3.A　本题考查年份的表达方式。在2009年应为 in 2009,故选A。 4.D　本题考查数词中billion的用法。当前面有具体的数字时,不能加-s,也不跟of, 故选D。 5.B　本题考查数词和形容词比较级。根据后面的比较级标志词than可知,long应该用比较级形式longer。故答案选择B。 6.C　本题考查数词和名词组成的复合形容词。6.7-kilometer修饰后面的名词短语undersea tunnel,故答案选择C。 7.A　本题考查分数。one third三分之一,故答案选择A。 8.C　本题考查基数词。根据上下文可知,港珠澳大桥连接香港、珠海和澳门三地,故答案选择C。 9.B　本题考查基数词和名词的复数。 句意:从香港到珠海的行车时间,将由四小时缩短至约四十五分钟。故答案选择B。 10.D　本题考查数词中million的用法。millions of数以百万计的,故答案选择D。 介词 语法解析 一．介词的主要类别 表示时间 at, in, on, before, after, since, until, till, by, during, from...to..., past, to... 表示地点和方位 at, in, on, round, around, over, under, above, below, down, before, behind, between, among, up, in front of, in the front of, beside, next to, near... 表示空间运动 along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of, towards... 表示方式、方法和手段 by, with, in, through, on... 表示原因 for, at, from, with, of, because of... 表示“除……以外” besides, except, except for... 其他常用介词 about, like, without, against, off... 二．常见的时间介词 1.at, in, on at 侧重于表示时间点,用于时刻前。表示“在某一时刻”“在几点几分”,也可表示“在……(点)” at four /four o'clock 在四点 at a quarter to nine 九点差一刻 常用于固定搭配的短语中 at noon 在中午;at night 在夜晚;at/on weekends 在周末;at breakfast/ lunch /supper 在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭时;at this time of day 在每天的这个时候;at the moment此刻,现在;at Christmas 在圣诞节 in 强调某个时间段,常用于上午、下午、晚上或世纪、年、月、季节等之前。in+一段时间,一般用于一般将来时 in the morning /afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上; in the day 在白天 in July在七月;in 2012 在2012年;in March在三月;in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天; in the 21st century 在21世纪; in ten years十年后 on 表示具体的某一天,后接具体的日期,表示某一天的上午、下午、晚上,或用于有形容词修饰的某一天前等 on Sunday 在星期天;on weekdays 在工作日;on Friday morning/afternoon/evening 在星期五早上/上午/下午/晚上;on the afternoon of March 5th 在三月五日下午;on a cold winter evening 在一个寒冷冬天的晚上; on September 28th 在九月二十八日 用于公共节假日前 on New Year's Day 在元旦;on Children's Day 在儿童节;on Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夕 三．常见的地点介词 表示地点的介词有in、 on、 at、 to等,对其考查侧重于at、 on、 in的区别。at着重把所处的位置看作是某一个点,范围不明确,意为“在……内;在……上”,一般与较小的地方连用。in表示在某一区域或某一个立体的地方内,意为“在……(里)”,一般与较大的地方连用。on表示在一条线或一个平面上,意为“在……上”,如on the ground, on the wall, on the farm。 四．常见的方位介词 1.方位介词辨析图示 2.方位介词in、 on与 to 在表示方位时,in表示在某一地区内的某个方位(属于该范围);表示两地区“接壤”时,用介词on;表示“在某一范围之外(两地没有挨着)”时,用介词to。 3.besides, except besides 意为“而且”,侧重于“除……之外,还有”,表示加上 except 意为“除……之外”。在肯定句中,侧重把except后的宾语所涉及的部分排除在外,表示减去;在否定句中,except没有排他性 例如: There was another visitor besides me. 除了我之外,还有一位拜访者。(包括“我”在内共两人) The school library opens every day except Sunday. 学校图书馆除星期天外每天都开放。(星期天不开放) 易混易错 beside与besides的区别。beside用作介词,相当于be the side of,强调“在……旁”的含义。 4.across, through across(与on有关,表示从“面上”穿过) 意为“穿过”。强调穿过某一平面、表面。常与动词walk、go、run相连,相当于from side to side。across的前面加上一个动词如walk、go、run,相当于cross through (through与in有关,表示从“空间”纵穿) 表示“穿过,通过”。强调从某一空间内部“通过”“穿过”,往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等等 例如: Walk across the bridge, you will find the bookshop.走过桥,你就会找到那家书店。 The river runs through the city. 这条河从这座城市中间流过。 五．方式介词in、 by与with in 表示“用某种语言”,也可表示“用工具、材料”等 by “by+交通工具名词”表示搭乘或借助某种交通工具,如:by bus / bike / plane /...,可与“take a/the+交通工具名词”互换。例如: by bus=take a /the bus “by+动词的ing形式”表示“通过……方式/手段”。例如: She makes a living by selling clothes.她通过卖衣服谋生。 with 表示“借助于某一具体的工具、材料或人体器官”。例如: I write with a pen. 我用钢笔写字。 易混易错 表示出行的方式也可用“in (on)+冠词(形容词性物主代词等)+交通工具名词”结构;表示“步行”用on foot。walk to...与go...on foot表示“步行去……”,在同一个句子中,两者不能同时使用。 六．常见的介词短语 1.“动词+介词”的搭配。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 look after照顾 look at看 look like看起来像…… look for寻找 look over仔细检查 listen to听 get to到达 wait for等待 take care of照顾、照料 fall off跌落 catch up with赶上 agree with同意 play with玩弄 knock at敲打 pay for为……付款 hear of听说 send for派人去叫 hear from收到某人的来信 cover...with...用……覆盖 fill...with...用……装满 get on...with...与……相处 stop...from...阻止……去做 point to指向 think about考虑 operate on给……动手术 depend on依靠 do with处置 have nothing to do with与……没关系 turn on 打开。 2.“be动词+形容词+介词”的搭配。 be good at擅长于…… be good for对……有益 be bad for对……有害 be late for迟到 be different from与……不同 be (become) interested in对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面弱/不擅长 be worried about对……担心 be afraid of害怕 be famous/well-known for 因……而闻名 be famous/well-known as作为……而闻名 be proud of因……自豪 be short of短缺 be fond of喜欢 be tired of对……感到厌倦 be busy with忙于…… be strict with对……严格要求 be kind to对……友好 be ready for...为……而做准备 3.“介词+名词”的搭配。例如: at school在校 at home在家 at work在工作 at night在夜晚 at the moment此刻 at this time of year在一年的这个时候 at the end of在……末端 at the beginning of在……开头 at once立刻 at the same time同时 at noon在中午 at the foot of在……脚下 by air坐飞机 by the way顺便说一下 by then到那时 for example例如 for a holiday度假 in English用英语 in the open air在户外 in front of在……前面 in bed在床上 in line排队 in trouble处于困境中 in a minute马上 in surprise惊奇地 on duty值日 on the way/on one's way (home)在(回家)的路上 of course当然 on top of在……顶部 on show展览 随堂训练 基础题组 一．单项选择 1．The concert will start at 7:00 p. m. ________ June 15th. A．on B．at C．in D．to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这场音乐会将于6月15日晚上7点开始。 考查介词辨析。on在某一天；at在几点钟；in在几月/年/季节；to到。June 15th.为具体的日期，表示具体的日期需用介词on，故选A。 2．Tony’s birthday is ________ July 12th, 2010. A．in B．on C．at D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：托尼的生日在2010年7月12日。 考查时间介词辨析。in在……里（用于年、月、季节等前）；on在……上（用于具体某一天前）；at在（用于具体时刻前）；for为了；持续（一段时间）。“July 12th, 2010”是具体的一天，根据时间介词的用法，具体某一天前用on。故选B。 3．The Science and Technology Museum is located ________ the centre of Shanghai. A．in B．to C．on D．with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：科学技术博物馆位于上海市中心。 考查介词辨析。in在……里；to到，往；on在……上面；with和。in the centre of“在……中心” 。故选A。 4．Yangzhou is ________ the east of China and ________ the west of Japan. A．in; to B．in; on C．to; in D．to; on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：扬州位于中国的东部和日本的西部。 考查介词辨析。in在……之内；to表示在某个范围之外，且不接壤；on表示与某地接壤或相邻。根据“Yangzhou is...the east of China and...the west of Japan.”结合常识可知，扬州是中国的一个城市，所以它位于中国的东部，应用“in”；而扬州与日本并不接壤，且在日本的范围之外，所以应用“to”。故选A。 5．In the situation ________ the company is going broke (破产), the employees are trying their best to find solutions ________ the crisis. A．when; to B．when; of C．where; of D．where; to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在公司即将破产的情况下，员工们正尽力寻找解决危机的方法。 考查定语从句和介词。when何时；where哪里；to到；of……的。第一个空：先行词是“situation”（情况/处境），表示一种抽象的场景，需用关系副词where引导定语从句；第二个空：“solutions”（解决方案）后通常接to表示“针对……的解决方案”。故选D。 6．Some students in our class will celebrate their birthdays ________ May. A．at B．on C．in D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们班上的一些学生将在五月庆祝他们的生日。 考查介词辨析。at通常用于表示具体的时间点，如几点几分；on用于表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上；in用于表示在较长的时间段内，如年、月、季节等；for通常用于表示一段时间，强调时间的持续性。根据“May”可知，此处是在描述学生们将在五月这个时间段内庆祝生日，所以应该用介词in。故选C。 7．The girl ________ long hair is my classmate. A．has B．with C．in D．on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那个有长头发的女孩是我的同学。 考查介词辨析。has有，动词；with有，介词；in在……里面；on在……上面。根据“The girl...long hair”可知，指的是有着长头发的女孩，句中已有谓语is，应用介词with表示伴随。故选B。 8．All of the students went to the Great Wall________ Mary because she had to stay at home and looked after her sick brother. A．except B．with C．besides D．beside 【答案】A 【详解】句意：所有学生都去了长城，除了玛丽，因为她必须待在家里照顾她生病的弟弟。    考查介词辨析。except除了（不包括在内）；with和……一起；besides除了（包括在内）；beside在……旁边。根据“because she had to stay at home”可知玛丽没有去长城，应选择表示排除的介词，故选A。 9．The building ________ a big garden is my uncle’s. And the garden ________ flowers. A．has; is full of B．there is; full of C．with; is full of D．with; full of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这栋带有一个大花园的建筑是我叔叔的。花园里种满了鲜花。 考查介词和形容词短语。has有；there is有；with有，介词。第一句有谓语动词is，所以不需要用has或there is，排除AB；第二句是一个句子，所以句子需要有谓语动词，应用is full of。故选C。 10．—Do you spend a lot of time ________ computer? —No, but I spend some time ________ doing my homework. A．on; in B．in; on C．on; on D．in; in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你花很多时间在电脑上吗？——不，但是我花很多时间做作业。 考查介词用法。on在……上；in在……里。spend time on+sth.“在某事上花时间”，故第一个空填on；spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，固定搭配，故第二个空填in。故选A。 二．用适当的介词完成下列句子 1.There are many apples 　 　 the tree in our yard.  2.My grandpa died peacefully 　 　a cold winter afternoon.  3.Li Fei improved his spoken English 　 　 watching English documentaries.  4.There will be a dancing competition 　 　the sixteenth day of March.  5.The old man's garden is so beautiful 　 　spring that kids like to play there.  6.Lily is only six years old, but she is very good 　 　 cooking.  7.Mr.Lin's flight will arrive 　 　 half an hour.Let's take a taxi to the airport.  8.Miss Yang helped her neighbor buy two kilos 　 　 sugar on her way home.  9.Mary has been looking 　 　 her ruler for 10 minutes. But it is actually in her schoolbag.  10.The students usually have their first class 　 　eight o'clock 　 　the morning.  11.I like dancing and singing and often spend a lot of time　 　 them.  12.Where is the key 　 　the front door?  13.After school, I like playing computer games and chatting 　 　my friends 　 　the Internet.  14.I learned a lot 　 　 the other students in this class.  15.What do you think 　 　my new car?  16.I hurried to school 　 　breakfast this morning, so I feel hungry now.  17.The man is a great basketball player.We are all proud 　 　 him.  18.My mother will come home 　 　 the morning of August 8.  19.I grew up 　 　 the foot of the mountain.  20.That naughty boy hid 　 　 the door and waited for his friends to find him.  1.on　2.on 　3.by　4.on 　5.in 　6.at　7.in　8.of　9.for　10.at 　in　11.on　12.to 　13.with 　on 14.from　15.of 　16.without 　17.of　18.on　19.at　20.behind 三．正确形式填空 1.He didn’t want to go 　　　　　the expectation of his parents.(违反)  答案　against　考查介词搭配。“违反”用介词against表示， go against“违背”，是固定短语。故填against。 2.The app about how to learn Chinese is very popular 　　　　　the foreigners.(在……当中)  答案　among　考查方位介词。句意:这个关于如何学习汉语的应用程序在外国人中很受欢迎。“在(三者或三者以上的人或物)之间”用among，故填among。 3.Walk 　　　　　(穿过) the bridge， and you’ll see the Panda House.  答案　across　考查方位介词。根据汉语提示可知，应填across，指从桥的表面“穿过”;walk across“走过”。 4.The temperature in our hometown usually drops 　　　　　(在……以下) zero in winter.  答案　below　考查方位介词。与zero搭配表示温度在零度以下用“below”， drop below zero指(气温)下降到零度以下。 5.　　　　　(在……期间) his stay in Yancheng， he made some good friends.  答案　During　考查时间介词。during his stay in Yancheng表示“在他待在盐城期间”。 6.Everyone was tired out because they worked w　　　　 a break until about eight in the evening.  答案　without　考查介词。根据“Everyone was tired out”并结合首字母提示可知，每个人都筋疲力尽是因为一直工作到晚上八点左右，中途没有休息，without“没有”，故填without。 7.Both jobs were very attractive， but I had to choose b　　　　　the two jobs.  答案　between　考查介词。根据上下文可知，是在两份工作之间做选择。between指“在两者之间”，故填between。 8.You can use something simple l　　　　　a magazine or a newspaper.  答案　like　考查介词。空后的a magazine or a newspaper是在举例子，故设空处表示“例如”，故填like。 提升题组 一．介词填空 In the past few years， quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less challenging. They are afraid that the stress of work robs them1.　　　　　 joy and happiness and brings them harm both physically and mentally.  2.　　　　　 fact， however， stress isn’t such a bad thing. Above all， unless it gets out of control， a certain amount of stress is 3.　　　　　 importance as it provides people 4.　　　　　 motivation(动机)， challenges， and purposes. Besides， people under stress prefer to realize their potential(潜能) and achieve their own personal worth—the very purpose of a human life. Last but not least， research has showed that proper stress can strengthen the immune system(免疫系统) and is good 5.　　　　　 health.  Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to escape. Developing our abilities to deal with stress can prevent us 6.　　　　　 being defeated(打败) by competitive society.  1.of　rob sb. of sth.指“抢走某人的东西”，此处填of。 2.In　in fact是固定的搭配，指“事实上”。注意首字母要大写。 3.of　be of+名词= be + adj.。此处填of，与importance连用，指“重要的”。 4.with　provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.指“向某人提供某物”。此处填with。 5.for　be good for是固定搭配，指“对……有好处”。 6.from　prevent sb. from doing sth.指“阻止某人做某事”。同义词组有:stop sb. from doing sth.， keep sb. from doing sth.。 二．语法选择 When a man was walking 　1　 some elephants, he suddenly stopped. He was confused that these huge animals were being held only 　2　 a small rope tied 　3　 their front legs. No chains, no cages. It was obvious that the elephants could break their bonds at any time, but 　4　 some reasons, they did not.  He saw a trainer nearby and asked why the animals just stood there and made no attempt to get away.“Well,” the trainer said, “when they were very young and much smaller, we used the same rope to keep them 　5　 running away. 　6　 that age, it was enough to hold them. As they grow up, they get used 　7　 believing they cannot break the rope. They believe it can still hold them, so they never try to break free.”  The man was amazed. These animals could break free whenever they wanted, but because they believed they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were. How many of us go 　8　 life like the elephants—holding 　9　 the belief that we cannot do something simply because we failed in it once before?  Failure is a part of learning. If we failed once, it doesn't mean we can never succeed. We should never give up trying when we encounter failures 　10　 life.  1.A.with　　　 B.on　　　 C.by　　　 D.to 2.A.by　　　 B.for　　　 C.from　　　 D.at 3.A.in　　　 B.to　　　 C.with　　　 D.by 4.A.with　　　 B.at　　　 C.about　　　 D.for 5.A.to　　　 B.from　　　 C.for　　　 D.of 6.A.On　　　 B.In　　　 C.At　　　 D.For 7.A.with　　　 B.in　　　 C.to　　　 D.for 8.A.by　　　 B.on　　　 C.for　　　 D.through 9.A.to　　　 B.into　　　 C.with　　　 D.up 10.A.for　　　 B.by　　　 C.in　　　 D.to 文章讲述了驯象师是如何驯服大象的。 1.C　本题考查固定搭配。walk by 从旁边走过,故选C。 2.A　本题考查方式介词。by通过,by a small rope 通过一根小绳子。 3.B　本题考查固定搭配。tie sth. to 把……绑在……。故选B。 4.D　本题考查介词for的用法。for因为,由于。for some reasons出于某些原因。故选D。 5.B　本题考查固定搭配。keep sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/物做某事。故选B。 6.C　本题考查时间介词。at that age 在那个年纪。故选C。 7.C　本题考查固定搭配。get used to 习惯于,在本短语中to是介词。 8.D　本题考查固定搭配。go through 经历。故选D。 9.A　本题考查固定搭配。hold to信奉(信念、原则等)。故选A。 10.C　本题考查固定搭配。in life在生活中。 并列连词 语法解析 并列连词是用来连接语法地位相同的单词、短语以及句子的连词。并列连词主要分为表示并列关系、转折关系、因果关系及选择关系的并列连词。 1. 表并列关系的：and（和；同；与）；both…and…（……和……都）；neither…nor…（既不……也不……）；not only…but also…（不但……而且……）；as well as（而且；还；又）。 （1）and“和，并且”连接并列关系的项。 （2）both …and...“既……又……”。 （3）neither…nor…“既不……也不……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。 （4）not only…but also…“不但……而且……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致 （5）as well as“而且；还；又”，它连接含有并列主语的句子中，谓语动词应与它前面的主语一致。 1.Both rice and cotton are grown in south China. 2.My sister studies both English and Japanese. 3.My father can speak neither English nor Chinese. 4.Neither you nor he is right. 5.He can play not only basketball but also football. 6.Not only Peter but also Bob comes here every day. 7.The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 学生们以及老师都出席了会议。 2、表示转折关系的： but（但；但是；可是）；while（然而）；yet（然而）；however（然而）。 （1）but“但；但是；可是”。 （2）yet“然而”。 （3）however“然而”。 （4）while“然而”。 1.She was very tired, but she kept working till midnight. 她虽然很累了，但还是一直工作到深夜。 2.The woman is old, but she looks very young. 3.My little sister is young, yet she is very clever. 4.Li Lei wanted to Seven Star Park, however ,he didn’t know the way. 5.He’s a worker while his wife is a doctor. 他是一名工人而他妻子是一名医生。 3、表示选择关系的：or（或；或者；还是；否则；不然）；either…or…（或者……或者……；不是……就是……）；not…but…（不是……而是……）。 （1）or“或；或者；还是；否则；不然”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。 （2）either…or…“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则，即谓语动词跟第二个主语一致。如：Nick is either in London or in Paris. 尼克不是在伦敦就是在巴黎。 （3） not…but…（不是……而是……）。 1.You or he is wrong. 2.You can watch TV or play games at home. 3.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school. 4.Either you or he is going to do some shopping this afternoon. 今天下午或者你或者他去购物。 5.Ma Lin is not a student but a teacher. 马林不是学生而是老师。 4. 表示因果关系的：so（所以）；therefore（因此）；for（因为）。 （1）so“因此，所以”。 （2）therefore“因此，所以”。 （3）for“因为”。 1.I got up late, so I was late for class. 2.It’s snowing heavily, so I have to stay at home. 3.Mr. Wang can’t come here today; therefore you needn’t wait for him. 4.It must be snowing, for it is bright outside. 随堂训练 基础训练 一．单项选择 1．The kitchen was messy after cooking, ______ I cleaned it at once. A．or B．so C．but D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：厨房在烹饪后很乱。因此我立刻打扫了它。 考查连词辨析。or或者；so所以；but但是；because因为。根据“The kitchen was messy after cooking…I cleaned it at once.”可知前后是因果关系，前因（厨房乱）后果（立刻打扫），因此选择表示结果的连词so。故选B。 2．—Let’s play football now! —Good idea, _______ I’ve forgotten to bring the ball. A．so B．or C．and D．but 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们现在踢足球吧！——好主意，但是我忘记带球了。 考查连词辨析。so因此；or或者；and和；but但是。根据“I’ve forgotten to bring the ball.”可知，后文语境发生了转折，but符合题意。故选D。 3．Many young people have realized the importance of health, ________ they still go to work without breakfast. A．so B．or C．but D．and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多年轻人已经意识到健康的重要性，但是他们仍然不吃早餐就去上班。 考查连词辨析。so所以，表结果；or或者，表选择；but但是，表转折；and和，表并列。根据“Many young people have realized the importance of health...they still go to work without breakfast.”可知，前后逻辑为转折关系，用but连接，故选C。 4．I am interested in European history ________ I will visit Britain this summer. A．so B．or C．for D．but 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我对欧洲历史感兴趣，因此我今年夏天将访问英国。 考查连词辨析。so因此；or或者；for因为；but但是。前半句“我对欧洲历史感兴趣”是后半句“我今年夏天将访问英国”的原因，因此用“so”连接两个句子。故选A。 5．She didn’t go to the park ________ it rained heavily. A．because B．so C．but D．or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她没有去公园，因为雨下得很大。 考查连词辨析。because因为；so所以；but但是；or或者。根据“She didn’t go to the park…it rained heavily.”可知，空格前后是因果关系，前果后因，所以用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。 6．Although he is very old, ________ he works very hard. A．so B．but C．and D．/ 【答案】D 【详解】句意：虽然他很老了，但他工作很努力。 考查连词。so因此；but但是；and和；/ 不填。根据“Although he is very old”和“he works very hard”可知，这是although引导的让步状语从句，although不能与but连用。故选D。 7．Amy and Sandy are quite different. Sandy likes joining in different activities, ________ Amy mostly does reading at home alone. A．when B．while C．if D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：艾米和桑迪很不一样。桑迪喜欢参加不同的活动，而艾米大多是独自在家阅读。 考查连词辨析。when当……时候；while当……的时候；而，然而（表示对比）；if如果；because因为。根据“Sandy likes joining in different activities, ... Amy mostly does reading at home alone.”可知，此处表示桑迪和艾米的对比。故选B。 8．—Can you come to my party? —I’d love to, ________ I have to visit my grandparents. A．until B．but C．because D．unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能来参加我的聚会吗？——我很想去，但是我得去看望我的祖父母。 考查连词。until直到；but但是；because因为；unless除非。根据“I’d love to,...I have to visit my grandparents.”可知，此句表达我想去但是去不了，but“但是”，表转折。故选B。 9．In autumn, the weather gets cooler ________ the green leaves start to turn gold. A．because B．but C．and D．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：秋天，天气变凉了，绿叶开始变金色。 考查连词辨析。because因为；but但是；and和；or或者。根据“the weather gets cooler...the green leaves start to turn gold”可知前后两句是并列关系，用and连接。故选C。 10．Exercise improves our bone health, ________ we should make it a habit. A．but B．although C．so D．because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：运动改善我们的骨骼健康，所以我们应该把它变成一种习惯。 考查连词辨析。but但是；although虽然；so所以，因此；because因为。根据“Exercise improves our bone health...we should make it a habit.”可知，前后句是因果关系，前因后果，所以连词so符合语境。故选C。 能力提升 一．语法选择 She used to sleep on the sidewalk (人行道) of the Fifth Street Post Office. I could smell her 　1　 I came close. She wore dirty clothes and her mouth was nearly toothless. I rarely saw her talk with others. 　2　 she was not asleep, she talked to herself. I always had sympathy for her. What a poor old lady! She must be desperate (绝望的)　3　 hungry.  One Thanksgiving, we had lots of food left over. I thought about the old lady. She might be still hungry. 　4　 I packed the food up and drove over to the post office.  It was a cold night. There was hardly anyone out. 　5　 I knew she would stay at the same place and I would find her easily.  There she was, sitting against a fence near the post office. She was dressed 　6　 she always was.  I drove my car over to her, rolled down the window and said, “I've brought you some food. Would you like some turkey (火鸡) and apple pie?” 　7　, the old woman didn't seem to be very excited about this. She looked at me and said quite clearly, “Oh, thank you very much, but someone has given me food earlier and I'm quite full now. Why don't you take it to someone else 　8　 needs it?”  Her words were so clear and her manners were so gracious (亲切的)　9　 no one would consider her as a homeless woman. Soon her head sank into her arms again. I was the only person who didn't know 　10　 to say.  1.A.before　　　 B.unless C.until　　　 D.since 2.A.Because　　　B.Before C.If　　　 D.Although 3.A.but　　　 B.and C.or　　　 D.so 4.A.So　　　 B.Because C.Though　　　 D.And 5.A.Though　　　 B.But C.So　　　 D.Or 6.A.as　　　 B.so C.because　　　 D.and 7.A.Instead　　　 B.However C.But　　　 D.Therefore 8.A.whom　　　 B.who C.which　　　 D.whose 9.A.that　　　 B.what C.which　　　 D.when 10.A.how　　　 B.whether C.what　　　 D.that 文章讲述了作者和一个老太太在感恩节发生的故事。 1.A　本题考查连词。根据文章可知,她是一个无家可归的老人,自然没地方洗澡,且穿着很脏的衣服,所以气味很浓,让人还没走近就闻到味道了。故用before符合语境。 2.C　本题考查连词。设空处引导条件状语从句,故选C。 3.B　本题考查连词。由设空处前后的两个词desperate和hungry可知,二者是并列关系,故选B。 4.A　本题考查连词。根据前文One Thanksgiving,we had lots of food left over. I thought about the old lady. She might be still hungry.可知,感恩节那天正好有吃剩的饭菜,作者又想起了老人,认为她可能会饿,所以就决定打包剩菜给老人。故选A。 5.B　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,设空处前后存在转折关系,故选B。 6.A　as照……方式,正如。由此可知选A。 7.B　根据上下文可知,本句话和上一段内容存在明显的转折关系(作者给老人带来了吃的,但老人似乎对此没那么兴奋)。本空位于句首,而且后面有逗号隔开,故选B。 8.B　在本句中,先行词为someone else,指人,且定语从句中缺少主语,故选B。 9.A　本题考查连词。so...that...如此……以至于……,常用来引导结果状语从句。故选A。 10.C　what to say说什么,在本句中作know的宾语。故选C。 二．短文填空 A popular one-armed teenager in China Despite losing one arm, Zhang Jiacheng never loses his love for basketball or willingness to improve his skills on the court. Zhang is 15 now and he likes playing basketball very much. 　1　 a video of him was posted online, he became very popular in China. In the video, he showed his dribbing abilities(运球能力) in front of the defense made up of some professional(专业的) basketball players, 　2　 received a loud cheer from people watching on site.  Born in southern China's Guangdong Province, Zhang lost his right arm in an accident when he was just five. However, Zhang decides to face up to the hardship, 　3　 to be a basketball player is his dream.  Zhang works very hard. 　4　 it is rainy or windy, he never stops practicing playing basketball, and has made much progress in his skills.  “Give it a try, 　5　 give it up,” Zhang said in a video. Of course, he chose the former.  1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  本文是一篇人物故事,讲述了独臂少年张家城在网络上意外走红的故事。 1.When/After　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,填When或After。 2.and　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,张家城运球技艺高超,观众为他欢呼,前后为顺承关系,故填and。 3.because　本题考查连词。根据语境可知,张家城之所以决定面对困难,是因为他的梦想是成为一个篮球运动员,设空处前后构成因果关系,故填because。 4.Whether　本题考查连词。whether...or不管……还是……。 5.or　本题考查并列连词。“Give it a try”和“give it up”两者是选择关系。故填or。 $$