专题01 名词，代词 讲练-【七升八】2025年新八年级英语暑期衔接讲义

专题01 名词，代词讲练 名词 语法解析 一．名词的分类 专有名词 Einstein, Beijing, CCTV, December, the Spring Festival, the Great Wall... 普通名词 可数 名词 个体 名词 book, kid, friend, scarf, sweater, boat, library... 集体 名词 people, class, family, police... 不可数 名词 物质 名词 beef, meat, wood, water, air, bread... 抽象 名词 wealth, honesty, love, ability, health... 复合名词 grandfather, blackboard, classroom, birthday, housework, newspaper... 二．名词的数 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 一般情况直接加-s map/maps, Indian/Indians, book/books, pencil/pencils 以s、 x、 ch、 sh等结尾的单词 brush/brushes, church/churches,watch/watches, dish/dishes 以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词, story/stories, baby/babies, key/keys, city/cities, day/days 以f,fe 结尾的单词, half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife/wives 以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-es tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes, potato/potatoes, Negro/Negroes 表示无生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-s radio/radios, piano/pianos, photo/photos, zoo/zoos 注意:zero的复数形式有两种,即zeros/zeroes 元音字母o结尾的名词变复数 名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。 例如:hero/ 、 tomato/ 、 potato/ 、 zero 以f,fe结尾的名词变复数 　　以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆: 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。 例如:leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/ , woman/ , policeman/ , Englishman/ , Frenchman/ oo变ee式 tooth/ , foot/ , goose/ 词尾加-ren child/ 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 易混易错 man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。 有些名词单数与复数形式相同 小贴士:单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如: Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep 有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词) 小贴士:世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如: Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。 3. 不可数名词的分类 物质 名词 食物 bread, meat, rice, food, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken... 饮料 juice, milk, tea, water, cola, coffee... 自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood... 抽象 名词 情感、概念 peace, love, friendship, joy, happiness, time, news, population, knowledge... 学科 Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, politics, history... 国家、城市 等专有名词 China, England, Japan, Sydney... 不可数名词成员多,常用词语记心头。茶水牛奶兑橘汁,米肉面包和食品;作业家务工作忙,幸福时间钱财多。即tea、 water、 milk、 orange、 rice、 meat、 bread、 food、 homework、 housework、 work、 happiness、 time、 money。 4.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词 名词 用作可数名词 用作不可数名词 fish 表示条数,单数复数形式相同 意为“鱼肉” 表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es glass “玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜” 意为“玻璃” orange 意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s 意为“橙汁;橙色” room 意为“房间”,复数加-s 意为“余地;地方;空间” paper 意为“文件;试卷; 报纸”,复数加-s 意为“纸” work 意为“著作”,复数加-s 意为“工作” chicken 意为“小鸡”,复数加-s 意为“鸡肉” light 意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s 意为“光线” 三．名词的所有格 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 易混易错 's不全是名词所有格 It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。) My dog is from China, but her dog's from Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dog is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。) 随堂训练 基础题组 一．单项选择 1．Jimmy has been ________ for a year. His ________ has made his wife give up hope of life. A．died, death B．dead, death C．died, dead D．dead, die 2．He is a good teacher with much ________. He often tells us his interesting ________. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experiences C．experience; experience D．experiences; experience 3．—Excuse me, is this ________ new house? —Yes, it’s ________. Their parents bought it last week. A．Sandy and Daniel’s; them B．Sandy’s and Daniel’s; them C．Sandy and Daniel’s; theirs D．Sandy’s and Daniel’s; theirs 4．Mary ________ a room ________ a friend of ________ in the town center. A．shares; with; her B．shares; and; her C．shares; with; hers D．shares; and; hers 5．J.K.Rowing finished the first Harry Potter book in 1995 but it wasn’t ________ in the very beginning. A．great success B．a great success C．success D．successfully 6．Charles Dickens was a ___________ writer. His Oliver Twist is a great ___________. A．success; successful B．successful; success C．successfully; success D．successful; successfully 7．The theme park is about ________ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A．one hour B．one-hour C．two hours’ D．two hours 8．It’s ________ to play ________ Chinese chess with them. A．pleasure; / B．pleased; the C．a pleasure; / D．pleasant; the 9．Shirley is very helpful and often gives me _______ on how to improve my English. A．an advice B．some advice C．some suggestion D．suggest 10．The room was so crowded that there was ________ air to ________. A．little; breathe B．little; breath C．few; breathe D．few; breath 二．根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Johnny is so hungry that he can eat up all the 　 　(bread).  2.This morning market sells different kinds of fresh 　 　(fish).  3.How amazing! The little cat caught two 　 　(mouse) last night.  4.The little boy has to peel three baskets of 　 　(potato) before lunch.  5.Jack spent about two hours sweeping 　 　(leaf) in the back garden.  6.It's about twenty 　 　(minute) drive from my house to the park.  7.There are few spelling and grammar 　 　(mistake) in Lily's homework.  8.The old man likes reading books very much.He owns two private 　 　(library).  9.There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are 　 　(man) teachers.  10.The worst thing about working in the shopping mall is that you're on your 　 　(foot) all day.  11.Different people have different 　 　(hobby).  12.You can look for 　 　(information) about the shop on the Internet.  13.She bought a pair of 　 　(glove).  14.—Are those 　 　(sheep)?  —No, they aren't.They're 　 　(cow).  15.15. 　( Lucy and Lily ) room is on the 5th floor.  三．正确形式填空 1．My mother prepared a basket of (strawberry) for our picnic. 2．Many young people choose to have a yogurt between (meal). 3．Whenever we have any problem, our parents will give us some (advice). 4．The Double Ninth Festival offers people a chance to love our and respect them.  (old) 5．The word “match” has several different (mean). 6．On her 12th birthday, Kitty got a lot of special (present) from her friends 7．The girl likes to collect different . She finds them so beautiful. (leaf) 8．Every year many come here to see the milu deer. (visit) 9．It’s amazing that the mountain stands 6000 (foot) above the sea. 10．Please look after the (fireman) clothes. They will come back soon. 11．The watch may be one of those (gentleman). He looks worried. 12．It’s about ten (minute) walk from my home to school. 13．You can see (mouse) everywhere in India. 提升题组 一．请根据括号内的提示填空。 It was late at night. Two 1.　　　　　(German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly， one of them， Mrs. Green， was woken up and found somebody slipping into their room to try his 2.　　　　　(lucky). She had three thousand dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.　　　　　(小偷) usually bring lethal weapons(凶器) with them，” she thought in 4.　　　　　(silent) and worried about her 5.　　　　　(safe). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a6.　　　　　(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room， so he went out to the next room with luxurious(奢华的) 7.　　　　　(decorate). When he was looking for some 8.　　　　　(钱) or jewellery in the next room， Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. In five 9.　　　　　(minute) time， the police showed up. Finally， the police caught the man. For Mrs. Green， it was really one of the most unusual 10.　　　　　(经历).  二．短文填空 A video star gets a job promoting tourism Tamdrin is a Sichuan man at the　1　of 20.He became famous unexpectedly after a photographer posted a 　2　of him on Douyin in 2020. In the video, he wore a traditional costume and smiled in front of the 　3　. Many netizens were attracted by his good 　4　 and innocent (天真无邪的) smile. They said that Tamdrin had “stars” in his eyes and that his 　5　 was “angelic and comforting”.  On November 19th, Tamdrin posted his first video on his own Douyin account. He introduced his white 　6　 in broken Mandarin. He said that his favorite hobby was horse riding. The video was viewed by more than 14 million people and attracted more than 1.8 million followers in one day.  Tamdrin has been given a 　7　 promoting tourism in Sichuan Province's Litang County by a company. He will get a monthly 　8　 of 3,500 yuan as well as insurance and subsidies.  1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　  代词 语法解析1 一．人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表 数人称 单　　数 复　　数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称 代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 二．人称代词的用法 1.人称代词有单数和复数之分。人称代词主格用作主语,置于谓语动词之前。例如: She is a good teacher. 她是一名好老师。 They are good teachers. 他(她)们是好老师。 开头主语用主格,主格常置谓语前, 复数概念全用are。 2.几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是: 单数:“二、三、一”(单数人称为you、 he/she/it、 I) 复数:“一、二、三”(复数人称为we、you、 they);在自我批评或承担责任时则把I放在前面。例如: Sorry, I and he have made a mistake. 对不起,我和他犯了个错误。 代词并列作主语,排列顺序记心间。复数人称一二三,单数人称二三一。承担责任I领先,you站后面I心安。 3.人称代词宾格的用法。人称代词宾格常用作宾语,置于动词和介词后,构成动宾和介宾结构。有时在口语中还用作表语,也可以放在be动词之后作主语补足语。例如: Let me help you.(you用作宾语,构成动宾结构) The new bag is for him.(him用作宾语,构成介宾结构) Who's that? It's me, Tom.(me作表语,用于非正式语体中) 宾格充当宾和表。宾格处在介动后。 三．物主代词的用法 1.物主代词的构成 物主代词有两类,一是“形”二是“名”。我的my,你的your,男的his,女的her,它的its别加点,我们的our,你们的your,他们的their别混用。见到“名词”就上前,“形代”总站名词前,转变“名代”加个-s。留下his与its,唯独my变为mine。 2.物主代词的用法 (1)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的关系。 形容词性物主代词后面要跟名词,而名词性物主代词后则不能再跟名词,它们的关系可以理解为“形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词”。例如: This is my pen. That isn't mine.这是我的钢笔。那不是我的。(mine相当于my pen) (2)名词性物主代词常用于指代上下文所提到的东西,以避免重复。例如: This is his bag.=This bag is his.这个包是他的。 That is her book.= That book is hers. 那本书是她的。 “形代”爱交友,单独它不走。和冠词,不相连,“形代”总在名词前。没有“形物”用“名代”,单数复数要分清。作主语,数一致,单复数看后面的“名”。 易混易错 his和its既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词。在使用上要区分。例如: This is its bone. / This bone is its. 这个骨头是它的。 3.含有物主代词的固定短语 on one's way to 在某人去……的路上;with one's help 在某人的帮助下;all one's life 一生,终生;to one's surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是;to one's joy 使某人高兴的是;change one's mind 改变主意;take one's time 不急;try / do one's best 尽某人最大的努力;in one's way 挡路,妨碍。 四．反身代词的用法 1.反身代词的构成 反身代词随着人称变化而变化。反身代词由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词以及第三人称代词宾格词尾加-self或-selves构成,有单数、复数之分。 易混易错 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用“形物”,复数-ves代替f。 2.反身代词的常用短语 by oneself=on one's own all by oneself enjoy oneself=have a good time teach oneself=learn by oneself help oneself to hurt oneself for oneself devote oneself come to oneself say to oneself dress oneself lose oneself 五．复合不定代词的用法 1.复合不定代词的构成 指人的复合不定代词一般是由some、 any、 every、 no等加上-body/-one构成的。指物的复合不定代词一般是由some、 any、 every、no等加上-thing构成的。 2.复合不定代词的用法 (1)something、 somebody、 someone通常用于肯定句;anything、 anybody、 anyone用于否定句和疑问句。表示邀请、请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时常用something、 somebody、 someone。复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如: Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长。 (2)复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,一般是形容词放在复合不定代词之后。 例如:Is there anything new in today's newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新东西吗?  (3)动词不定式、介词短语修饰复合不定代词(副词)时须后置,作后置定语。 例如:Could you give me something to eat? 你能给我一些吃的吗?  (4)复合不定代词与else 一词相连时,应注意else 必须置于复合不定代词之后。 例如:There is nothing else in the bag. 包里没有别的东西了。  3.复合不定代词的转换 (1)anything一般用于否定句和疑问句;not...anything相当于nothing;nothing是否定词,不与否定词not连用。 (2)anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句,not...anybody相当于nobody。例如: There isn't anybody in the room. / There is nobody in the room.房间里没有人。 六．易混易错 everyone不可写成every one。everyone一般用来指人,相当于everybody,意为“人人,每人”。every one意为“每个”。everyone后面不能跟of短语,而every one后面可跟of短语,此时的every one可指人或物。 普通不定代词的用法 1.other, the other, others, the others, another 意义 习惯搭配 备注 other other+复数名词=others 常起形容词作用,多修饰复数名词 the other one...the other..., the other+名词 others some...others 只能作代词,该词不能指“其余全部的人或物” the others some...the others another one...another 该词还可表示“又”“再”放于数字前,如another two weeks 2.it, one it 可以代替上文出现过的名词,但it通常代替上文所提事物本身,有特指作用,即同类同物。it既可代替可数名词单数,也可代替不可数名词 one 指代上文中出现的可数名词单数形式,使句子更简洁。one指代的名词与上文中出现的名词不是同一事物,而是同类事物中的另外一个,即同类异物 例如:My brother has a nice bag. I want to use . 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想用一下。(同类事物,且指同一个书包)  My brother has a nice bag. I want to buy . 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想去买一个。(同类事物,但不是指同一个书包)  3.no one, none no one= nobody 意为“没有人”,只指人,不指代物。一般不和of相连。当no one作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 none 意为“一个人也没有”,既可用来代替人,表示“(三个以上)一个也没有”,也可用来代替物(可数与不可数皆可),表示“没有任何东西” 指“(三个或三个以上的人或物中)没有一个人或物”,常与of连用,表示全部否定。作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数 例如:No one is perfect. 人无完人。 None of the stories are (is) interesting. 没有一个故事有意思。 易混易错 用who, what提问的句子用no one/nobody或nothing来回答。在简略回答中,none用来回答How many...?/ How much...? 的疑问句。 4.little, a little, few, a few little 表示否定,修饰不可数名词。比较级为less,最高级为least,反义词是much (more, most) 例如:There is little milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里几乎没有牛奶了。 a little 表示肯定,修饰不可数名词 例如:There is a little water in my bottle. I can give you some. 我的水瓶里有一些水,我可以给你一些。 few 表示否定,修饰可数名词的复数。比较级是fewer,最高级为fewest,反义词是many (more, most) 例如:Lily has few apples. Lily 几乎没有苹果。 a few 表示肯定,修饰可数名词的复数 例如:I'm going to buy a few bananas. 我打算去买一些香蕉。 5.every, each every 强调整体,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,只能作定语。还可与not连用构成部分否定 each 强调个人,用于两者或两者以上,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等,后面可以跟表示范围的of...结构。不可以与not连用 例如: Every boy in the room knows it. 房间里的每个男孩都知道它。 Each of them has read this book. 他们中的每个人都读过这本书。 七．指示代词的用法 指示代词 近指 远指 单数 复数 this √ √ that √ √ these √ √ those √ √ 指示代词四兄弟,近指远指有规律。this、 that是单数,these、 those是复数;this、 these说“近处”,that、 those表“远处”。 易混易错 1.在回答this或that(指物时)为主语的疑问句时,用it代替this或that。that is可以缩写成that's,而this is却不能缩写为this's。在回答主语是these或those的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,通常用they来代替问句的these或those,以避免重复。例如: —Are those her books? 那些是她的书吗? —Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 是的, 它们是。/ 不, 它们不是。 2.在电话用语中,用this指代自己,that指代对方。例如: —Hello! This is Li Ping. Who's that? 你好,我是李平。你是哪位? —Hey, Li Ping. This is Wang Hai. 嘿,李平。我是王海。 八．疑问代词的用法 疑问代词 意义 基本用法 例句 who 谁 who是主格,询问人的身份或对句子中的人进行提问,在句子中充当主语或表语的角色。who与is相连可缩写成who's(谁是),与whose同音 —Who is not here? (who作主语) —Han Meimei isn't here. —Who's that? (who作表语) —That's Lucy. whom 谁 whom是宾格,用作宾语,但在口语中,也可用who作宾语,但是在介词的后面只能用whom Whom did you go to the park with?你和谁一起去的公园? whose 谁的 whose既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词,不可与who's混在一起 Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车? what 什么 指物,对句子中的事物或一些名词进行提问 What color bike do you have? 你有什么颜色的自行车? which 哪个 用于对“定语”进行提问,通常用于在一个确定的、有限的范围内做出选择 —Which color is your bike, black or blue? 你的自行车是哪种颜色,黑色的还是蓝色的? —The black one. 黑色的。 拓展 1.所有疑问代词均可用作连接代词,引导宾语从句。例如: Do you know which is right? 你知道哪个是对的吗? I'm not sure who will come tonight. 我不确定今晚谁会来。 2.除what以外的疑问代词均可用作关系代词,引导定语从句。例如: He is the teacher who you want to see. 他就是你想见的那位老师。 九．it用作形式主语的用法 (1)It's time for sb. to do sth./ It's time for sth.; (2)It takes sb. some time to do sth.; (3)It costs/cost sb. some money to do sth.; (4)It is one's turn to do sth.; (5)It's +名词/形容词+(for/ of sb.)+不定式; 随堂训练 基础题组 一．单项选择 1．My daughter has ________ life goals and one of them is to be a volunteer to help the poor children. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 2．—Have you got any tickets for the basketball match? —Yes. But I have only got ________. You can go if you want to. A．it B．one C．ones D．none 3．We all consider ________ of great importance that we should combine theory with practice. A．that B．it C．which D．this 4．It is very kind ________ you to help me, but it is very hard ________ you to finish too much work in a short time. A．for; for B．of; of C． for; of D．of; for 5．Everyone couldn’t understand ________ because he expressed ________ in a strange way. A．him; himself B．his; him C．himself; him D．him; his 6．—Is this ________ umbrella? —No, it’s not ________. I think it’s Lily’s. A．your; mine B．your; my C．yours; mine D．you; my 7．We all find _____ necessary for us _____ English well. A．it’s; to learn B．it; learning C．it’s; learning D．it; to learn 8．—________ did the war between Russia and Ukraine break out? — Let me see. It ________ a long time since it broke out. A．How long; was B．How long; is C．When; is D．When; was 9．Mr. Smith has two sons. One works in Germany, and ________ studies in Shanghai. A．the other B．other C．others D．another 10．________ is better worth my respect than Yuan Longping. He is the pride of China. A．Someone B．Anyone C．Nobody D．Everybody 11．After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it is important ________ a peaceful world. A．build B．building C．to build D．not to build 12．Jerry and I both got an e-dictionary. His is cheaper than ________. A．me B．my C．myself D．mine 13．We should spend our pocket money wisely and use it to do _______. A．something meaningful B．meaningful something C．anything meaningful D．meaningful anything 14．—Is your sister ill? —Don’t worry. It’s _______, only a little cold. A．serious anything B．nothing serious C．serious nothing D．anything serious 15．—All of us think ________ dangerous for children to play with fire. —I agree. It’s important ________ to be safe all the time. A．it is; of them B．it; for them C．that is; of them D．that; for them 二．根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This isn't Julie's notebook.　 　(she) is in her schoolbag.  2.You have to ask Mike 　 　(he).Nobody else knows his address.  3.These flowers belong to Miss Wang.They are as beautiful as 　 　(we).  4.“Sit down and make 　 　(you) at home, boys and girls!” said Mrs.Li kindly.  5.George introduced us to some friends of 　 　(he) at the party.  6.—Oh, I'm feeling so thirsty and tired. —　 　(I), too.  7.This physics problem isn't hard at all.I can work it out 　 　(I).  8.　 　 (I) Chinese teacher asked me with whom I had discussed the problem.  9.—Do you know Alice? —Yes.I know 　 　(she) very well.We have been friends for long.  10.This English dictionary is not mine.It must be 　 　(Tom).  11.Lily's backpack is much bigger than　 　 (me).  12.Mrs.Guo teaches　 　 (we) history.  13.We should always keep 　 　 (we) away from danger.  14.I found it impossible for 　 　 (he) to work out the maths problem.  15.The boy who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with 　 　 (he) own name in it as a souvenir.  16.These boys have been able to dress 　 　 (them) at the age of five.  17.Betty and her sister went to the museum with a relative of 　 　(them).  18.—Is this your cousin's sweater? —No.　 　 (she) is on the chair behind the desk.  三．正确形式填空 1.Hey， guys! Are you in Hainan now? Hope you’ll enjoy 　　　　　there!(you)  2.She told a white lie and kept the secret to 　　　　　.(her)  3.—Whose book is it， Ken? —It’s 　　　　　(I).  4.Girls， I believe that you all can solve these problems by y　　　　　.  5.Nick and Nora have a lot in common. 　　　　　(they) favourite China’s star runner is Su Bingtian.  6.Many people taught 　　　　　(they) to cook instead of ordering takeout food.  7.When he was only a child， he found 　　　　　(he) interested in math.  8.We can clean our room first and 　　　　　(they) a little later.  9.—Do you know that girl who is speaking to Mr. Wang? —Yes， she’s Tina. I’m a friend of 　　　　　(她的).  10.Kids were reminded to take some money with 　　　　　(they) before the school trip.  提升题组 一．代词选词填空 　　“Without the ball， 1.　　　　　(myself， my) life is incomplete，” Luis Figo， one of the world’s greatest football players， once said.  The Portuguese played his first international match at the age of 17. He reached a new mark by playing 2.　　　(his， him) hundredth match for his national team. A crowd of more than 30，000 fans watched and cheered for3.　　　　　(him，them). “Figo! Figo!” 4.　　　　　(all， both) shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.  The Real Madrid player wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win 5.　　　　　(another， other) Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Real Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona， and he showed 6.　　　　　(everyone， someone) what a great player he was by winning FIFA’s Footballer of the Year award in 2001.  “Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player，” said former FIFA president Joseph S.Blatter. Figo 7.　　　　　(himself， he) was a real leader 8.　　　　　(who， which) always tried his best on the field and a good team player. He didn’t have any problems working together with his teammate David Beckham. In fact， Figo was the first 9.　　　　　(one， that) to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team， and we can help each 10.　　　　　(other， another) and work together to be successful，” Figo said.  二．短文填空 Many people who have had to stay at home have been eating takeaways(外卖). M　1　 people like takeaways. First, it's convenient(方便的). Thanks to takeaway services, plenty of restaurants now sell their food through the internet. Moreover, one of the most important reasons why people like takeaway food is that 　2　 is also really cheap.  However, there are also s　3　 disadvantages(缺点). For example, some restaurants add too much salt, sugar and oil to 　4　(they) food. People who eat it often will put on weight easily. This can even increase the risk of heart disease(心脏病).  From 　5　(I)point of view, we should probably cook for 　6　(we)as long as we have time. Cooking dinner together with other family members can be an enjoyable experience.   三．语法选择 A young man was driving down a suburban (郊区的) street, going a bit too fast in 　1　 new car. There were many kids playing between the cars parked on the side of the street.  As his car passed, a child suddenly appeared and threw a brick at the car. The man stopped the car and jumped out. He grabbed the kid and shouted at 　2　, “What are you doing?” He continued yelling, “That's a new car. 　3　 will be expensive to fix the damage you did with that brick. 　4　 did you do it?”  “I'm sorry. I didn't know 　5　 to do! It's my brother,” he said. “He rolled off the curb (马路牙子) and fell out of his wheelchair (轮椅). I can't lift him up.” The boy asked the man, “Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He's hurt and he's too heavy for 　6　.”  The young man swallowed (吞咽) and said 　7　. He lifted the kid's brother back into the wheelchair.  “Thank you, sir,” the child said. The man then watched the little boy push his brother toward 　8　 home.  The young man did not repair the dent (凹痕) in his car. He kept it to remind 　9　 not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick to get his attention. Sometimes, when you don't make the time to listen, life throws a brick at 　10　 head.  1.A.him　　　 B.he　　　 C.his　　　 D.himself 2.A.he　　　 B.his　　　 C.him　　　 D.himself 3.A.It　　　 B.This　　　 C.That　　　 D.It's 4.A.What　　　 B.When　　　 C.Why　　　 D.How 5.A.what　　　 B.who C.which　　　 D.whom 6.A.I　　　 B.me　　　 C.he　　　 D.him 7.A.something　 B.anything　　 C.everything　　 D.nothing 8.A.her　　　 B.them　　　 C.their　　　 D.theirs 9.A.he　　　 B.him　　　 C.his　　　 D.himself 10.A.you　　　 B.your　　　 C.his　　　 D.yours 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 名词，代词讲练 名词 语法解析 一．名词的分类 专有名词 Einstein, Beijing, CCTV, December, the Spring Festival, the Great Wall... 普通名词 可数 名词 个体 名词 book, kid, friend, scarf, sweater, boat, library... 集体 名词 people, class, family, police... 不可数 名词 物质 名词 beef, meat, wood, water, air, bread... 抽象 名词 wealth, honesty, love, ability, health... 复合名词 grandfather, blackboard, classroom, birthday, housework, newspaper... 二．名词的数 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 一般情况直接加-s map/maps, Indian/Indians, book/books, pencil/pencils 以s、 x、 ch、 sh等结尾的单词加-es brush/brushes, church/churches,watch/watches, dish/dishes 以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es story/stories, baby/babies, key/keys, city/cities, day/days 以f,fe 结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加-es half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife/wives 以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-es tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes, potato/potatoes, Negro/Negroes 表示无生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-s radio/radios, piano/pianos, photo/photos, zoo/zoos 注意:zero的复数形式有两种,即zeros/zeroes 元音字母o结尾的名词变复数 名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。 例如:hero/heroes、 tomato/tomatoes、 potato/potatoes、 zero/zeros或zeroes 以f,fe结尾的名词变复数 　　以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆: 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。 例如:leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen oo变ee式 tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese 词尾加-ren child/children 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 易混易错 man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。 有些名词单数与复数形式相同 小贴士:单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如: Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep 有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词) 小贴士:世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如: Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。 3. 不可数名词的分类 物质 名词 食物 bread, meat, rice, food, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken... 饮料 juice, milk, tea, water, cola, coffee... 自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood... 抽象 名词 情感、概念 peace, love, friendship, joy, happiness, time, news, population, knowledge... 学科 Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, politics, history... 国家、城市 等专有名词 China, England, Japan, Sydney... 不可数名词成员多,常用词语记心头。茶水牛奶兑橘汁,米肉面包和食品;作业家务工作忙,幸福时间钱财多。即tea、 water、 milk、 orange、 rice、 meat、 bread、 food、 homework、 housework、 work、 happiness、 time、 money。 4.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词 名词 用作可数名词 用作不可数名词 fish 表示条数,单数复数形式相同 意为“鱼肉” 表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es glass “玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜” 意为“玻璃” orange 意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s 意为“橙汁;橙色” room 意为“房间”,复数加-s 意为“余地;地方;空间” paper 意为“文件;试卷; 报纸”,复数加-s 意为“纸” work 意为“著作”,复数加-s 意为“工作” chicken 意为“小鸡”,复数加-s 意为“鸡肉” light 意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s 意为“光线” 三．名词的所有格 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 易混易错 's不全是名词所有格 It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。) My dog is from China, but her dog's from Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dog is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。) 随堂训练 基础题组 一．单项选择 1．Jimmy has been ________ for a year. His ________ has made his wife give up hope of life. A．died, death B．dead, death C．died, dead D．dead, die 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Jimmy已经去世一年了。他的死亡让妻子对生活失去了希望。 考查动词、形容词、名词辨析。died死亡，动词过去式；dead死亡的，形容词；death死亡，名词。根据“has been...”可知，第一空填形容词dead，表示“已死亡的”；died为短暂性动词，不与for连用；形容词性物主代词his后修饰名词，故第二个空填death。故选B。 2．He is a good teacher with much ________. He often tells us his interesting ________. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experiences C．experience; experience D．experiences; experience 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他是一位经验丰富的好老师，经常给我们讲述他有趣的经历。   考查名词辨析。experience作不可数名词时意为“经验”，作可数名词时意为“经历”。第一空表示“丰富的教学经验”用不可数形式experience；第二空表示“有趣的经历”用可数名词复数experiences。故选B。 3．—Excuse me, is this ________ new house? —Yes, it’s ________. Their parents bought it last week. A．Sandy and Daniel’s; them B．Sandy’s and Daniel’s; them C．Sandy and Daniel’s; theirs D．Sandy’s and Daniel’s; theirs 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——请问，这是桑迪和丹尼尔的新房子吗？——是的，这是他们的。他们的父母上周买的。 考查’s所有格和代词辨析。them他们，人称代词宾格；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。根据空后的“new house”以及答语“it”可知，此处表示两者共有，在第二个人名后加’s；第二空指代“两人的房子”，空后无名词，用名词性物主代词theirs。故选C。 4．Mary ________ a room ________ a friend of ________ in the town center. A．shares; with; her B．shares; and; her C．shares; with; hers D．shares; and; hers 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽和她的一个朋友在市中心合住一个房间。 考查动词短语和双重所有格。share sth. with sb.“和某人分享某物”，是固定搭配；“a friend of+名词性物主代词”，构成双重所有格，结合选项可知，C项符合。故选C。 5．J.K.Rowing finished the first Harry Potter book in 1995 but it wasn’t ________ in the very beginning. A．great success B．a great success C．success D．successfully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：J.K.Rowling在1995年完成了《哈利•波特1》，但是一开始它并没有获得很大的成功。 考查抽象名词用法。success成功，名词；successfully成功地，副词。分析句子成分可知，空处需表语，副词successfully不可以作表语，故排除D；success意为“成功”是不可数名词，如果用来代替具体的成功者或者成功的事情 (或东西)，是可数名词。根据题干，表示这本书一开始并不是一件成功的作品，这里success为可数名词。排除A和C；success前面有形容词的修饰的时候，a great success意为“巨大的成功”，故选B。 6．Charles Dickens was a ___________ writer. His Oliver Twist is a great ___________. A．success; successful B．successful; success C．successfully; success D．successful; successfully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：查尔斯·狄更斯是一位成功的作家，他的《雾都孤儿》是一部伟大的成功之作。 考查词汇辨析。success成功，名词；successful成功的，形容词；successfully成功地，副词。空一处修饰名词writer，用形容词作定语；根据“is a great”可知，空二处用名词作表语。故选B。 7．The theme park is about ________ ride from the museum. You should start out right now. A．one hour B．one-hour C．two hours’ D．two hours 【答案】C 【详解】句意：主题公园距离博物馆约两小时车程。你应该马上出发。 考查名词所有格。英语中距离/路程表达，有两种表达方法：一是用名词的所有格，二是用基数词与名词(用单数）构成复合形容词作定语，可排除A项和D项，B项前需加不定冠词a。故选C。 8．It’s ________ to play ________ Chinese chess with them. A．pleasure; / B．pleased; the C．a pleasure; / D．pleasant; the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：和他们下象棋是一件令人开心的事。 考查词义辨析和冠词。pleasure令人高兴的事，可数名词；pleased高兴的，修饰人；pleasant令人愉快的，修饰物；/零冠词；the定冠词。根据“It’s...to play...Chinese chess with them.”可知，此处可能是“It’s a pleasure to do sth.或者It’s pleasant to do sth.，故排除A和B；根据“play...Chinese chess”可知，play后面直接加棋类，不需要加定冠词。故选C。 9．Shirley is very helpful and often gives me _______ on how to improve my English. A．an advice B．some advice C．some suggestion D．suggest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：雪莉非常乐于助人，经常给我一些关于如何提高英语的建议。 考查不可数名词。advice建议，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；suggest建议，动词。根据“often gives me”可知，此处表示“给我一些建议”，用some advice符合语境。故选B。 10．The room was so crowded that there was ________ air to ________. A．little; breathe B．little; breath C．few; breathe D．few; breath 【答案】A 【详解】句意：房间里太拥挤了，几乎没有空气可以呼吸。 考查不可数名词和不定式用法。little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词；breathe呼吸，动词；breath呼吸，名词。根据“air”可知，空气为不可数名词；第二空指“没有可以呼吸的空气”，是不定式作后置定语，空处需要填入动词原形。故选A。 二．根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Johnny is so hungry that he can eat up all the 　 　(bread).  2.This morning market sells different kinds of fresh 　 　(fish).  3.How amazing! The little cat caught two 　 　(mouse) last night.  4.The little boy has to peel three baskets of 　 　(potato) before lunch.  5.Jack spent about two hours sweeping 　 　(leaf) in the back garden.  6.It's about twenty 　 　(minute) drive from my house to the park.  7.There are few spelling and grammar 　 　(mistake) in Lily's homework.  8.The old man likes reading books very much.He owns two private 　 　(library).  9.There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are 　 　(man) teachers.  10.The worst thing about working in the shopping mall is that you're on your 　 　(foot) all day.  11.Different people have different 　 　(hobby).  12.You can look for 　 　(information) about the shop on the Internet.  13.She bought a pair of 　 　(glove).  14.—Are those 　 　(sheep)?  —No, they aren't.They're 　 　(cow).  15.15. 　( Lucy and Lily ) room is on the 5th floor.  1.bread　2.fishes 　3.mice 　4.potatoes　5.leaves 6.minutes' 　7.mistakes　8.libraries　9.men　10.feet 　11.hobbies　12.information　13.gloves　14.sheep　cows15.Lucy and Lily's 三．正确形式填空 1．My mother prepared a basket of (strawberry) for our picnic. 【答案】strawberries 【详解】句意：我妈妈为我们的野餐准备了一篮草莓。strawberry“草莓”，可数名词，此处指“一篮草莓”，应用复数形式。故填strawberries。 2．Many young people choose to have a yogurt between (meal). 【答案】meals 【详解】句意：许多年轻人选择在两餐之间喝酸奶。根据空前介词“between”可知，此处是指在两餐之间，应用名词meal的复数形式meals。故填meals。 3．Whenever we have any problem, our parents will give us some (advice). 【答案】advice 【详解】句意：每当我们有任何问题，我们的父母会给我们一些建议。“advice”意为 “建议”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，不能加“s”。“some”既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词，所以这里直接用“advice”，故填advice。 4．The Double Ninth Festival offers people a chance to love our and respect them.  (old) 【答案】elders 【详解】句意：重阳节为人们提供了一个爱护长辈、尊敬长辈的机会。根据空前的“our”可知，此处应用名词形式作宾语，根据语境可知，此处指爱护长辈，elder“长辈”，此处用复数形式，表示概数概念。故填elders。 5．The word “match” has several different (mean). 【答案】meanings 【详解】句意：单词“match”可能有一些不同的意思。根据“several”可知，空格处要填名词的复数形式；根据给出英文单词提示可知，名词meaning “意义”的复数形式meanings符合句意，故填meanings。 6．On her 12th birthday, Kitty got a lot of special (present) from her friends 【答案】presents 【详解】句意：在她12岁生日那天，Kitty从她的朋友那里收到了许多特别的礼物。“a lot of”意为“许多的、大量的”，后面需要用名词复数形式，“present”的复数形式为“presents”，“a lot of special presents”表示“很多特别的礼物”。故填presents。 7．The girl likes to collect different . She finds them so beautiful. (leaf) 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意：这个女孩喜欢收集不同的树叶。她觉得它们很美。结合空前形容词“different”和“She finds them…”可知，此处是指不同的树叶，应用名词leaf的复数形式leaves作动词collect的宾语。故填leaves。 8．Every year many come here to see the milu deer. (visit) 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意：每年都有许多游客来这里看麋鹿。根据“come here to see the milu deer”可知是很多游客来这里看麋鹿，many后加可数名词复数visitors“游客”。故填visitors。 9．It’s amazing that the mountain stands 6000 (foot) above the sea. 【答案】feet 【详解】句意：这座山海拔6000英尺，真令人惊奇。根据“6000”可知，此处用名词复数feet，意为“英尺”。故填feet。 10．Please look after the (fireman) clothes. They will come back soon. 【答案】firemen’s 【详解】句意：请照看消防员的衣服。他们很快就会回来。根据“They ”可知，消防员不止一个，fireman应用复数形式firemen。空后是名词clothes，应用firemen的所有格形式修饰。故填firemen’s。 11．The watch may be one of those (gentleman). He looks worried. 【答案】gentlemen’s 【详解】句意：这块表可能是那些绅士之一的。他看起来很担心。those后加名词复数gentlemen“绅士”，根据“The watch may be one of those...”可知是绅士之一的，故此处用名词复数的所有格。故填gentlemen’s。 12．It’s about ten (minute) walk from my home to school. 【答案】minutes’ 【详解】句意：从我家步行到学校大约十分钟。根据句意可知，考查minute复数形式所有格，表示“十分钟的”。故填minutes’。 13．You can see (mouse) everywhere in India. 【答案】mice 【详解】句意：在印度到处都能看到老鼠。分析“You can see...everywhere in India.”可知，此处表示复数含义，mouse的复数是mice，故填mice。 提升题组 一．请根据括号内的提示填空。 It was late at night. Two 1.　　　　　(German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly， one of them， Mrs. Green， was woken up and found somebody slipping into their room to try his 2.　　　　　(lucky). She had three thousand dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.　　　　　(小偷) usually bring lethal weapons(凶器) with them，” she thought in 4.　　　　　(silent) and worried about her 5.　　　　　(safe). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a6.　　　　　(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room， so he went out to the next room with luxurious(奢华的) 7.　　　　　(decorate). When he was looking for some 8.　　　　　(钱) or jewellery in the next room， Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. In five 9.　　　　　(minute) time， the police showed up. Finally， the police caught the man. For Mrs. Green， it was really one of the most unusual 10.　　　　　(经历).  答案　 1.Germans　设空处作主语，应用名词。根据空格前的Two可知，此处填名词的复数形式。German变复数是在词尾直接加⁃s，故填Germans。 2.luck　由空前的his可知，此处填名词，lucky的名词形式为luck。try one’s luck碰碰运气。 3.thieves　根据中文和空格前的Many可知，此处填thief的复数形式，故填thieves。 4.silence　in silence是固定搭配，指“沉默地，无声地”。 5.safety　根据空格前的物主代词her可知，此处填名词，safe的名词形式为safety。 6.sports　sport修饰名词时，用复数形式，如a sports meeting， sports shoes等，“sports suit”指运动装。 7.decoration　根据空格前的luxurious可知，此处填名词，decorate的名词形式为decoration，此处指“奢华的装饰”。 8.money　money是不可数名词，故此空填原形money。 9.minutes’　根据空格前的five可知，此处填minute的复数形式;结合空格后的time可知，此处填名词所有格，指“5分钟的时间”，故填minutes’。 10.experiences　根据空格前的one of...可知，此处填名词的复数形式。“经历”experience是可数名词，故填experiences。 二．短文填空 A video star gets a job promoting tourism Tamdrin is a Sichuan man at the　1　of 20.He became famous unexpectedly after a photographer posted a 　2　of him on Douyin in 2020. In the video, he wore a traditional costume and smiled in front of the 　3　. Many netizens were attracted by his good 　4　 and innocent (天真无邪的) smile. They said that Tamdrin had “stars” in his eyes and that his 　5　 was “angelic and comforting”.  On November 19th, Tamdrin posted his first video on his own Douyin account. He introduced his white 　6　 in broken Mandarin. He said that his favorite hobby was horse riding. The video was viewed by more than 14 million people and attracted more than 1.8 million followers in one day.  Tamdrin has been given a 　7　 promoting tourism in Sichuan Province's Litang County by a company. He will get a monthly 　8　 of 3,500 yuan as well as insurance and subsidies.  1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　  本文讲述了丁真意外走红网络并得到了一份促进家乡旅游业的工作。 1.age　本题考查名词。at the age of 在……岁时。 2.video　本题考查名词。根据下文In the video, he wore a traditional costume and...可知,摄影师上传的是丁真的视频。 3.camera　本题考查名词。根据上下文可知,丁真是在摄影师的摄影机前微笑。 4.looks　本题考查名词。根据下文的smile可知,此处指的是丁真的容貌。looks(尤指吸引人的)相貌,容貌。 5.smile　本题考查名词。根据上文innocent smile和本句中“stars” in his eyes可知,这里指的是丁真的笑容。 6.horse　本题考查名词。根据下一句He said that his favorite hobby is horse riding.可知,他介绍的是他的白马。 7.job　本题考查名词。根据文章标题可知,公司给丁真的是一份工作。 8.salary/wage/pay　本题考查名词。根据空前的monthly和空后的of 3,500 yuan可知,这里说的是丁真的薪水,故填salary/wage/pay都可以。 代词 语法解析1 一．人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表 数人称 单　　数 复　　数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称 代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 二．人称代词的用法 1.人称代词有单数和复数之分。人称代词主格用作主语,置于谓语动词之前。例如: She is a good teacher. 她是一名好老师。 They are good teachers. 他(她)们是好老师。 开头主语用主格,主格常置谓语前, 复数概念全用are。 2.几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是: 单数:“二、三、一”(单数人称为you、 he/she/it、 I) 复数:“一、二、三”(复数人称为we、you、 they);在自我批评或承担责任时则把I放在前面。例如: Sorry, I and he have made a mistake. 对不起,我和他犯了个错误。 代词并列作主语,排列顺序记心间。复数人称一二三,单数人称二三一。承担责任I领先,you站后面I心安。 3.人称代词宾格的用法。人称代词宾格常用作宾语,置于动词和介词后,构成动宾和介宾结构。有时在口语中还用作表语,也可以放在be动词之后作主语补足语。例如: Let me help you.(you用作宾语,构成动宾结构) The new bag is for him.(him用作宾语,构成介宾结构) Who's that? It's me, Tom.(me作表语,用于非正式语体中) 宾格充当宾和表。宾格处在介动后。 三．物主代词的用法 1.物主代词的构成 物主代词有两类,一是“形”二是“名”。我的my,你的your,男的his,女的her,它的its别加点,我们的our,你们的your,他们的their别混用。见到“名词”就上前,“形代”总站名词前,转变“名代”加个-s。留下his与its,唯独my变为mine。 2.物主代词的用法 (1)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的关系。 形容词性物主代词后面要跟名词,而名词性物主代词后则不能再跟名词,它们的关系可以理解为“形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词”。例如: This is my pen. That isn't mine.这是我的钢笔。那不是我的。(mine相当于my pen) (2)名词性物主代词常用于指代上下文所提到的东西,以避免重复。例如: This is his bag.=This bag is his.这个包是他的。 That is her book.= That book is hers. 那本书是她的。 “形代”爱交友,单独它不走。和冠词,不相连,“形代”总在名词前。没有“形物”用“名代”,单数复数要分清。作主语,数一致,单复数看后面的“名”。 易混易错 his和its既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词。在使用上要区分。例如: This is its bone. / This bone is its. 这个骨头是它的。 3.含有物主代词的固定短语 on one's way to 在某人去……的路上;with one's help 在某人的帮助下;all one's life 一生,终生;to one's surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是;to one's joy 使某人高兴的是;change one's mind 改变主意;take one's time 不急;try / do one's best 尽某人最大的努力;in one's way 挡路,妨碍。 四．反身代词的用法 1.反身代词的构成 反身代词随着人称变化而变化。反身代词由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词以及第三人称代词宾格词尾加-self或-selves构成,有单数、复数之分。 易混易错 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用“形物”,复数-ves代替f。 2.反身代词的常用短语 by oneself=on one's own 单独,靠某人自己; all by oneself 全靠自己; enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得高兴,过得愉快; teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学; help oneself to 随便吃,自己吃; hurt oneself 伤着自己; for oneself 为自己; devote oneself 献身于; come to oneself 恢复常态; say to oneself 自言自语; dress oneself 给自己穿衣服; lose oneself 失去自我。 五．复合不定代词的用法 1.复合不定代词的构成 指人的复合不定代词一般是由some、 any、 every、 no等加上-body/-one构成的。指物的复合不定代词一般是由some、 any、 every、no等加上-thing构成的。 2.复合不定代词的用法 (1)something、 somebody、 someone通常用于肯定句;anything、 anybody、 anyone用于否定句和疑问句。表示邀请、请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时常用something、 somebody、 someone。复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如: Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长。 (2)复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,一般是形容词放在复合不定代词之后。 例如:Is there anything new in today's newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新东西吗?  (3)动词不定式、介词短语修饰复合不定代词(副词)时须后置,作后置定语。 例如:Could you give me something to eat? 你能给我一些吃的吗?  (4)复合不定代词与else 一词相连时,应注意else 必须置于复合不定代词之后。 例如:There is nothing else in the bag. 包里没有别的东西了。  3.复合不定代词的转换 (1)anything一般用于否定句和疑问句;not...anything相当于nothing;nothing是否定词,不与否定词not连用。 (2)anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句,not...anybody相当于nobody。例如: There isn't anybody in the room. / There is nobody in the room.房间里没有人。 六．易混易错 everyone不可写成every one。everyone一般用来指人,相当于everybody,意为“人人,每人”。every one意为“每个”。everyone后面不能跟of短语,而every one后面可跟of短语,此时的every one可指人或物。 普通不定代词的用法 1.other, the other, others, the others, another 意义 习惯搭配 备注 other “另外的,其他的”,泛指“另一些人或物” other+复数名词=others 常起形容词作用,多修饰复数名词 the other 表示两个人或物中的另一个或另一部分,特指“两者中的另一个”;若把三者或三者以上的人或物分成两部分来叙述,则指“另外几个(或一些)” one...the other..., the other+名词 others 泛指“另一些(不是其余全部)” some...others 只能作代词,该词不能指“其余全部的人或物” the others 特指范围内的“其余的人或物”或已知的人或物中“(除……之外)其余的全部” some...the others another 表示三个或更多的人或物中同类的另一个;特指多数中还没提及的“另一个”“再一个” one...another 该词还可表示“又”“再”放于数字前,如another two weeks 2.it, one it 可以代替上文出现过的名词,但it通常代替上文所提事物本身,有特指作用,即同类同物。it既可代替可数名词单数,也可代替不可数名词 one 指代上文中出现的可数名词单数形式,使句子更简洁。one指代的名词与上文中出现的名词不是同一事物,而是同类事物中的另外一个,即同类异物 例如:My brother has a nice bag. I want to use it. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想用一下。(同类事物,且指同一个书包)  My brother has a nice bag. I want to buy one. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想去买一个。(同类事物,但不是指同一个书包)  3.no one, none no one= nobody 意为“没有人”,只指人,不指代物。一般不和of相连。当no one作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 none 意为“一个人也没有”,既可用来代替人,表示“(三个以上)一个也没有”,也可用来代替物(可数与不可数皆可),表示“没有任何东西” 指“(三个或三个以上的人或物中)没有一个人或物”,常与of连用,表示全部否定。作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数 例如:No one is perfect. 人无完人。 None of the stories are (is) interesting. 没有一个故事有意思。 易混易错 用who, what提问的句子用no one/nobody或nothing来回答。在简略回答中,none用来回答How many...?/ How much...? 的疑问句。 4.little, a little, few, a few little 很少的;几乎没有 表示否定,修饰不可数名词。比较级为less,最高级为least,反义词是much (more, most) 例如:There is little milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里几乎没有牛奶了。 a little 一些,一点,少量 表示肯定,修饰不可数名词 例如:There is a little water in my bottle. I can give you some. 我的水瓶里有一些水,我可以给你一些。 few 少数的;几乎没有 表示否定,修饰可数名词的复数。比较级是fewer,最高级为fewest,反义词是many (more, most) 例如:Lily has few apples. Lily 几乎没有苹果。 a few 一些,几个 表示肯定,修饰可数名词的复数 例如:I'm going to buy a few bananas. 我打算去买一些香蕉。 5.every, each every 强调整体,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,只能作定语。还可与not连用构成部分否定 each 强调个人,用于两者或两者以上,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等,后面可以跟表示范围的of...结构。不可以与not连用 例如: Every boy in the room knows it. 房间里的每个男孩都知道它。 Each of them has read this book. 他们中的每个人都读过这本书。 七．指示代词的用法 指示代词 近指 远指 单数 复数 this √ √ that √ √ these √ √ those √ √ 指示代词四兄弟,近指远指有规律。this、 that是单数,these、 those是复数;this、 these说“近处”,that、 those表“远处”。 易混易错 1.在回答this或that(指物时)为主语的疑问句时,用it代替this或that。that is可以缩写成that's,而this is却不能缩写为this's。在回答主语是these或those的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,通常用they来代替问句的these或those,以避免重复。例如: —Are those her books? 那些是她的书吗? —Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 是的, 它们是。/ 不, 它们不是。 2.在电话用语中,用this指代自己,that指代对方。例如: —Hello! This is Li Ping. Who's that? 你好,我是李平。你是哪位? —Hey, Li Ping. This is Wang Hai. 嘿,李平。我是王海。 八．疑问代词的用法 疑问代词 意义 基本用法 例句 who 谁 who是主格,询问人的身份或对句子中的人进行提问,在句子中充当主语或表语的角色。who与is相连可缩写成who's(谁是),与whose同音 —Who is not here? (who作主语) —Han Meimei isn't here. —Who's that? (who作表语) —That's Lucy. whom 谁 whom是宾格,用作宾语,但在口语中,也可用who作宾语,但是在介词的后面只能用whom Whom did you go to the park with?你和谁一起去的公园? whose 谁的 whose既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词,不可与who's混在一起 Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车? what 什么 指物,对句子中的事物或一些名词进行提问 What color bike do you have? 你有什么颜色的自行车? which 哪个 用于对“定语”进行提问,通常用于在一个确定的、有限的范围内做出选择 —Which color is your bike, black or blue? 你的自行车是哪种颜色,黑色的还是蓝色的? —The black one. 黑色的。 拓展 1.所有疑问代词均可用作连接代词,引导宾语从句。例如: Do you know which is right? 你知道哪个是对的吗? I'm not sure who will come tonight. 我不确定今晚谁会来。 2.除what以外的疑问代词均可用作关系代词,引导定语从句。例如: He is the teacher who you want to see. 他就是你想见的那位老师。 九．it用作形式主语的用法 (1)It's time for sb. to do sth./ It's time for sth.; (2)It takes sb. some time to do sth.; (3)It costs/cost sb. some money to do sth.; (4)It is one's turn to do sth.; (5)It's +名词/形容词+(for/ of sb.)+不定式; 随堂训练 基础题组 一．单项选择 1．My daughter has ________ life goals and one of them is to be a volunteer to help the poor children. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我女儿有几个人生目标，其中之一就是成为一名志愿者，帮助贫困儿童。 考查不定代词。a few一些，修饰可数名词；few很少，修饰可数名词；a little一些，修饰不可数名词；little少的，修饰不可数名词。空处修饰可数名词复数形式life goals，且根据“one of them”可知，是有一些人生目标。故选A。 2．—Have you got any tickets for the basketball match? —Yes. But I have only got ________. You can go if you want to. A．it B．one C．ones D．none 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你有篮球比赛的门票吗？——有。但我只有一张。如果你想去的话可以去。 考查代词辨析。it指代上文提到的同一事物，单数；one指代上文提到的同类事物中的一个，单数；ones指代复数事物；none没有。根据“Yes. But I have only got…”可知，回答者有一张票。one指代“一张门票”，符合语境。故选B。 3．We all consider ________ of great importance that we should combine theory with practice. A．that B．it C．which D．this 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们都认为理论与实践相结合非常重要。 考查代词。that那个；it它；which哪一个；this这个。consider后接宾语，此处使用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。故选B。 4．It is very kind ________ you to help me, but it is very hard ________ you to finish too much work in a short time. A．for; for B．of; of C． for; of D．of; for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你帮助我真是太好了，但对你来说，短时间内完成太多工作很困难。 考查固定句型。It is +形容词+ of/for sb. to do sth.“对某人来说做某事是……”。当形容词用于描述人的固有特质时，用of，当形容词用于说明客观情况对某人的影响时，用for。第一空kind修饰人的品质，用of；第二空hard用于说明事情，用for。故选D。 5．Everyone couldn’t understand ________ because he expressed ________ in a strange way. A．him; himself B．his; him C．himself; him D．him; his 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大家都听不懂他说的，因为他用一种奇怪的方式表达自己。 考查代词的用法。him是人称代词宾格，意为“他” ；himself 是反身代词，意为“他自己” ；his是物主代词，可作形容词性物主代词，意为“他的” ，也可作名词性物主代词，意为“他的（东西）”。根据“Everyone couldn’t...a strange way.”可知，空一是作understand的宾语，用人称代词宾格him；空二表示“他表达他自己”，强调自身，用反身代词himself。故选A。 6．—Is this ________ umbrella? —No, it’s not ________. I think it’s Lily’s. A．your; mine B．your; my C．yours; mine D．you; my 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这是你的雨伞吗？——不，不是我的。我想它是Lily的。 考查物主代词。your; mine前者意为“你的”，是形容词性物主代词，后面接名词，后者为名词性物主代词，意为“我的”，相当于my+名词；yours; my前者意为“你的”，名词性物主代词，相当于 your+名词；后者意为“我的”，形容词性物主代词，后加名词；yours; mine均为名词性物主代词，前者意为“你的”，相当于 your+名词，后者意为“我的”，相当于my+名词；you; my前者意为“你”，人称代词主格，作主语，后者意为“我的”，形容词性物主代词，后加名词。第一空问“它是你的雨伞吗？”，后有名词umbrella，要用形容词性物主代词your；第二空根据“I think it’s Lily’s.”可知， “它不是我的雨伞”，要用名词性物主代词mine。故选A。 7．We all find _____ necessary for us _____ English well. A．it’s; to learn B．it; learning C．it’s; learning D．it; to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们都发现学好英语对我们来说是必要的。 考查it固定句型。分析句子结构可知，此处是句式“sb. finds it+形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth.”，意为“某人发现做某事是……”，其中it是形式宾语，后面的动词不定式是真正宾语。故选D。 8．—________ did the war between Russia and Ukraine break out? — Let me see. It ________ a long time since it broke out. A．How long; was B．How long; is C．When; is D．When; was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的战争是什么时候爆发的？—— 让我想想。自从战争爆发以来，已经很长时间了。 考查特殊疑问句。how long多长时间；when什么时候。根据“did”以及短暂性动词“break out”可知不能和how long连用，排除AB选项；第二空是固定句型：It is+时间段+since从句，故选C。 9．Mr. Smith has two sons. One works in Germany, and ________ studies in Shanghai. A．the other B．other C．others D．another 【答案】A 【详解】句意：史密斯先生有两个儿子，一个在德国工作，另一个则在上海读书． 考查代词辨析。the other两者中的另一个；other其他的；others其他人或物，相当于“other+复数名词”；another(三者或三者以上)另一个。根据“Mr. Smith has two sons.”可知，这里指两者中的另一个，故选A。 10．________ is better worth my respect than Yuan Longping. He is the pride of China. A．Someone B．Anyone C．Nobody D．Everybody 【答案】C 【详解】句意：没有人比袁隆平更值得我尊敬。他是中国的骄傲。 考查代词辨析。Someone某人；Anyone任何人；Nobody没有人；Everybody每个人。根据“is better worth my respect than Yuan Longping. He is the pride of China.”可知，此处是说“没有人”比袁隆平更值得我尊敬。故选C。 11．After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it is important ________ a peaceful world. A．build B．building C．to build D．not to build 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在多年战争后，叙利亚许多人无家可归。我认为建立一个和平的世界是很重要的。 考查it的固定句型。it is+形容词+to do sth“做某事是……”，是固定句型，空处应是不定式to build。故选C。 12．Jerry and I both got an e-dictionary. His is cheaper than ________. A．me B．my C．myself D．mine 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Jerry和我都得到一本电子词典。他的比我的更便宜。 考查代词辨析。me我，人称代词宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。根据题干中“His is cheaper than ... ”可知，是两个人的电子词典进行价格比较，than后接mine表示“我的电子词典”。故选D。 13．We should spend our pocket money wisely and use it to do _______. A．something meaningful B．meaningful something C．anything meaningful D．meaningful anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该明智地使用零花钱，用它来做有意义的事。 考查不定代词及定语后置。something某事，常用于肯定句；anything任何事，常用于否定句或疑问句；meaningful有意义的。根据“We should spend our pocket money wisely and use it to do”可知，句子是肯定句，用something，排除C、D选项；形容词修饰不定代词时需后置。故选A。 14．—Is your sister ill? —Don’t worry. It’s _______, only a little cold. A．serious anything B．nothing serious C．serious nothing D．anything serious 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的妹妹生病了吗？——不用担心。不严重，只是有一点感冒。 考查代词辨析和定语后置。nothing什么都没有；anything任何事；serious严重的，形容词。根据语境，此处表示不严重，只是有一点感冒，nothing符合语境；形容词修饰不定代词，置于代词之后。故选B。 15．—All of us think ________ dangerous for children to play with fire. —I agree. It’s important ________ to be safe all the time. A．it is; of them B．it; for them C．that is; of them D．that; for them 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们所有人都认为孩子玩火是危险的。——我同意。对他们来说始终保持安全是很重要的。 考查it作形式宾语和it固定句型。第一空为“think it adj for sb to do”句型，it作形式宾语；第二空为“it’s important for sb to do”句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是重要的”，故选B。 二．根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This isn't Julie's notebook.　 　(she) is in her schoolbag.  2.You have to ask Mike 　 　(he).Nobody else knows his address.  3.These flowers belong to Miss Wang.They are as beautiful as 　 　(we).  4.“Sit down and make 　 　(you) at home, boys and girls!” said Mrs.Li kindly.  5.George introduced us to some friends of 　 　(he) at the party.  6.—Oh, I'm feeling so thirsty and tired. —　 　(I), too.  7.This physics problem isn't hard at all.I can work it out 　 　(I).  8.　 　 (I) Chinese teacher asked me with whom I had discussed the problem.  9.—Do you know Alice? —Yes.I know 　 　(she) very well.We have been friends for long.  10.This English dictionary is not mine.It must be 　 　(Tom).  11.Lily's backpack is much bigger than　 　 (me).  12.Mrs.Guo teaches　 　 (we) history.  13.We should always keep 　 　 (we) away from danger.  14.I found it impossible for 　 　 (he) to work out the maths problem.  15.The boy who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with 　 　 (he) own name in it as a souvenir.  16.These boys have been able to dress 　 　 (them) at the age of five.  17.Betty and her sister went to the museum with a relative of 　 　(them).  18.—Is this your cousin's sweater? —No.　 　 (she) is on the chair behind the desk.  1.Hers　2.himself　3.ours　4.yourself/yourselves5.his　6.Me 　7.myself　8.My　9.her 　10.Tom's　11.mine　12.us　13.ourselves　14.him　15.his16.themselves　17.theirs　18.Hers 三．正确形式填空 1.Hey， guys! Are you in Hainan now? Hope you’ll enjoy 　　　　　there!(you)  答案　yourselves　考查反身代词。enjoy oneself是固定结构，指“玩得开心，过得愉快”，根据上文的guys和空格前的you可知，此处填yourselves。 2.She told a white lie and kept the secret to 　　　　　.(her)  答案　herself　考查反身代词。keep the secret to oneself是固定结构，指“把秘密埋在某人心底(不告诉别人)”。根据主语She可知，此处填反身代词herself。 3.—Whose book is it， Ken? —It’s 　　　　　(I).  答案　mine　考查物主代词。空后无名词，此处应填名词性物主代词，代指“我的书”。故填mine。 4.Girls， I believe that you all can solve these problems by y　　　　　.  答案　yourselves　考查反身代词。句意:姑娘们，我相信你们都能自己解决这些问题。by oneself“独自，靠自己”，“Girls”是复数，故填yourselves。 5.Nick and Nora have a lot in common. 　　　　　(they) favourite China’s star runner is Su Bingtian.  答案　Their　考查物主代词。根据空格后的favourite China’s star runner可知，此处填形容词性物主代词，注意首字母大写。故填Their。 6.Many people taught 　　　　　(they) to cook instead of ordering takeout food.  答案　themselves　考查反身代词。根据语境可知，此处表示自学做饭，“自学”用teach oneself表示;根据主语Many people和提示词they可知，此处用themselves。 7.When he was only a child， he found 　　　　　(he) interested in math.  答案　himself　考查反身代词。句意:当他还是一个小孩子时，他发现自己对数学感兴趣。空格处填反身代词作宾语。故填himself。 8.We can clean our room first and 　　　　　(they) a little later.  答案　theirs　考查物主代词。空格处指“他们的房间”，但空后没有名词，所以填名词性物主代词theirs。 9.—Do you know that girl who is speaking to Mr. Wang? —Yes， she’s Tina. I’m a friend of 　　　　　(她的).  答案　hers　考查物主代词。此处应用双重所有格，所以此空填名词性物主代词。故填hers。 10.Kids were reminded to take some money with 　　　　　(they) before the school trip.  答案　them　考查人称代词。take sth. with sb.指“某人随身携带某物”。注意:句中的主语Kids和宾语them虽然是同一个对象，但不用反身代词。介词with后填人称代词的宾格形式。 提升题组 一．代词选词填空 　　“Without the ball， 1.　　　　　(myself， my) life is incomplete，” Luis Figo， one of the world’s greatest football players， once said.  The Portuguese played his first international match at the age of 17. He reached a new mark by playing 2.　　　(his， him) hundredth match for his national team. A crowd of more than 30，000 fans watched and cheered for3.　　　　　(him，them). “Figo! Figo!” 4.　　　　　(all， both) shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.  The Real Madrid player wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win 5.　　　　　(another， other) Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Real Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona， and he showed 6.　　　　　(everyone， someone) what a great player he was by winning FIFA’s Footballer of the Year award in 2001.  “Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player，” said former FIFA president Joseph S.Blatter. Figo 7.　　　　　(himself， he) was a real leader 8.　　　　　(who， which) always tried his best on the field and a good team player. He didn’t have any problems working together with his teammate David Beckham. In fact， Figo was the first 9.　　　　　(one， that) to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team， and we can help each 10.　　　　　(other， another) and work together to be successful，” Figo said.  1.my　根据空后名词life可知，此空填形容词性物主代词my。 2.his　此空填his，指“他的第100次比赛”。 3.him　此处作介词的宾语，用宾格形式。故填him。 4.all　all指“(三者或三者以上)都”，both指“(两者)都”。根据上文more than 30，000 fans可知，此空填all。 5.another　此空填another，指“又一”。 6.everyone　此空填everyone，意为“向每个人展示他是一名多么棒的球员”。 7.himself　此空填反身代词himself作主语Figo的同位语，表示强调，指“Figo本人”。 8.who　此处引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词a real leader。定语从句中，如先行词指“人”，关系代词用who或that;如先行词指“物”，关系代词用which或that。此处指人，故填who。 9.one　one指代同类事物或同类人中的一个，此处与first连用，指“第一个球员”。 10.other　each other是固定结构，指“彼此，互相”。 二．短文填空 Many people who have had to stay at home have been eating takeaways(外卖). M　1　 people like takeaways. First, it's convenient(方便的). Thanks to takeaway services, plenty of restaurants now sell their food through the internet. Moreover, one of the most important reasons why people like takeaway food is that 　2　 is also really cheap.  However, there are also s　3　 disadvantages(缺点). For example, some restaurants add too much salt, sugar and oil to 　4　(they) food. People who eat it often will put on weight easily. This can even increase the risk of heart disease(心脏病).  From 　5　(I)point of view, we should probably cook for 　6　(we)as long as we have time. Cooking dinner together with other family members can be an enjoyable experience.   本文是一篇议论文,论述了外卖食品的优缺点。 1.Many　下文讨论了外卖的优点,故首句是表达“许多人喜欢外卖”。故填Many。 2.it　分析句子结构可知,此空为从句主语,并且指代前文的takeaway food,故填it。 3.some　下文讨论了吃外卖的缺点,且设空处后跟disadvantages,故用some。 4.their　考查代词。设空处后为名词food, 需要形容词性物主代词来修饰,故填their。 5.my　考查代词。from one's point of view 在某人看来,所以此空填my。 6.ourselves　考查代词。cook for oneself为某人自己做饭,故填ourselves。 三．语法选择 A young man was driving down a suburban (郊区的) street, going a bit too fast in 　1　 new car. There were many kids playing between the cars parked on the side of the street.  As his car passed, a child suddenly appeared and threw a brick at the car. The man stopped the car and jumped out. He grabbed the kid and shouted at 　2　, “What are you doing?” He continued yelling, “That's a new car. 　3　 will be expensive to fix the damage you did with that brick. 　4　 did you do it?”  “I'm sorry. I didn't know 　5　 to do! It's my brother,” he said. “He rolled off the curb (马路牙子) and fell out of his wheelchair (轮椅). I can't lift him up.” The boy asked the man, “Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair? He's hurt and he's too heavy for 　6　.”  The young man swallowed (吞咽) and said 　7　. He lifted the kid's brother back into the wheelchair.  “Thank you, sir,” the child said. The man then watched the little boy push his brother toward 　8　 home.  The young man did not repair the dent (凹痕) in his car. He kept it to remind 　9　 not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick to get his attention. Sometimes, when you don't make the time to listen, life throws a brick at 　10　 head.  1.A.him　　　 B.he　　　 C.his　　　 D.himself 2.A.he　　　 B.his　　　 C.him　　　 D.himself 3.A.It　　　 B.This　　　 C.That　　　 D.It's 4.A.What　　　 B.When　　　 C.Why　　　 D.How 5.A.what　　　 B.who C.which　　　 D.whom 6.A.I　　　 B.me　　　 C.he　　　 D.him 7.A.something　 B.anything　　 C.everything　　 D.nothing 8.A.her　　　 B.them　　　 C.their　　　 D.theirs 9.A.he　　　 B.him　　　 C.his　　　 D.himself 10.A.you　　　 B.your　　　 C.his　　　 D.yours 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位年轻人正开车行驶在一个郊区的街道上时,突然一个小孩儿窜出来,向他的车扔砖头。他勃然大怒,抓住小孩问他为什么要这样做。当小孩告诉了年轻人他这样做的真实原因后,他帮助小孩把他的哥哥扶上轮椅。 1.C　本题考查代词。由空后面的new car可知,这里缺少的是形容词性物主代词,且上文提到了A young man,故选C。 2.C　本题考查代词。shout at sb. 冲某人大喊;动词短语后跟宾格形式。在本句中,宾语him指代前文的the kid。 3.A　本题考查代词。It在本句中作形式主语,真正的主语是to fix the damage you did with that brick。 4.C　本题考查代词和副词。根据句意可知,年轻人质问小孩为什么要用砖头砸他的小汽车。故选C。 5.A　本题考查代词。由语境可知,是不知道做什么,故选A。 6.B　本题考查代词。根据上下文可知,小男孩的哥哥受伤了,但因为哥哥太重,小男孩无法把哥哥扶上轮椅。介词for后面应用人称代词的宾格形式,故选B。 7.D　本题考查代词。根据上下文可知,年轻人被小男孩的话感动了,不再为小男孩之前的行为生气,所以什么也没说,故选D。 8.C　本题考查代词。这里的名词home 指的是小男孩和他哥哥的家,名词前应该用形容词性物主代词,故选C。 9.D　本题考查代词。remind oneself 提醒某人自己。故选D。 10.B　本题考查代词。名词head前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰,根据句意可知,此处应用your,故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$