Unit 1 Period 4 Extended reading,project and assessment（分层作业）英语译林版2020选择必修第一册

Unit 1 Food matters Period 4 Extended reading, project and assessment分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 释放, 放任 _______________ 2. 使人满意, 正合需要______________  3. 破碎, 破裂; 崩溃 _________ 4. 吸引, 呼吁, 恳求 _______________ 5. 特别, 尤其  _________ 6. 起飞 _________ 7. 与……交往 _________ 8. 独一无二 _________ 9. 如果有必要的话 _________ 10. 自始至终做…… _________ 【答案】1. let sth. loose 2. hit the spot 3. fall apart 4. appeal to 5. in particular 6. take off7. socialize with 8. without equal 9. if necessary 10. work one’s way through 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. It was a difficult (概念) to grasp, but soon he understood it. 2. Even in small companies, computers are an (必不可少的) tool. 3. The cottage was cold and (潮湿的). 4. He suffered from headaches and loss of (食欲). 5. You always have to sit in the same room for three hours for (数量多的) classes. 6. In general, a (朴素的) carpet makes a room look bigger. 　 7. A radio signal has both electrical and magnetic (特性). 　 8. In an electric power plant the heat converts water into high-pressure (蒸汽). 9. Although the coral looks hard, it is actually very (易碎的). 10. Don’t put that glass so near the (边) of the table. 【答案】1. concept 2. essential 3, damp 4. appetite 5.multiple 6. plain 7. properties 8. steam 9. delicate 10. edge 三、单句语法填空。 1．The exhibition is well worth visiting and you can see fancy vases (花瓶) of different (dynasty) on show there. 【答案】dynasties 2．The company’s (expand) into overseas markets requires a deep understanding of different cultures. 【答案】expansion 3.Jack told me that the junk food (consume) half an hour before. 【答案】had been consumed 4．In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an (essence) part of daily routine. 【答案】essential 5．It is a (fog) day! We can’t see things clearly in the distance. 【答案】foggy 6． The success of any company relies heavily on (innovative), dedication, and effective leadership. 【答案】innovation 7． Today, it is (estimate) that about 60% of domestic rice consumption is from hybrid strains. 【答案】estimated 8． I can’t lay too much (emphasize) on the importance of artificial intelligence. 【答案】emphasis 9． You’d better get dressed in the clothes appropriate your job interview tomorrow. 【答案】for 10．The parents listened to the news with a (mix) of surprise and horror. 【答案】mixture 11．The presentation of this fish is designed (stimulate) your appetite. 【答案】to stimulate 12．The girl was the edge of her seat and was eager to raise her hand. 【答案】on 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. She is all of us love and respect her. (such. . . that. . . )  她是一个如此好的老师, 我们都喜欢和尊敬她。 2. The storm left, to this area. (分词作结果状语)  暴风雨过后, 给这个地区造成了很大的损失。 3. Dinosaurs millions of years ago. (be thought to)  恐龙被认为几百万年前就已经灭绝了。 4. ________________ about one thousand people died in the earthquake. (estimate)  据估计, 大约有一千人死于那次地震。 5. you to ask such personal questions in an interview. (appropriate)   你在采访中问这样私人的问题是不合适的。 6．这家餐厅提供各种美食，吸引不同口味的人。（appeal to/动词-ing 形式作状语） The restaurant offers a variety of cuisines, . 7．这样的日常饮食被广泛认为可以预防多种癌症。(be believed to do) Such a diet offer protection against a number of cancers. 8．在工作了一整天疲惫不堪之后，一杯咖啡能让人感觉恰到好处。 A cup of coffee can after a long and tiring day at work. 【答案】1. such a good teacher that 2. making a lot of damage 3. are thought to have died out 4.It was estimated that 5. It’s not appropriate for 6. appealing to people of different tastes 7. is widely believed to 8. hit the spot 8．众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。(非限制性定语从句) , the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture. 五、语法填空 　This article tells us some traditional Chinese foods: Sichuan hot pot, Nanjing salted duck and Cantonese dim sum. Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, 1. (fog) climate in which they were invented. They are believed 2. (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by 3. (boil) vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. Over time, it 4. (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.   Salted duck is Nanjing’s 5. (famous) food export. Served plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days 6. (prepare), and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries; its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck 7. particular, saying it was without equal. Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so 8. is appropriate for the hot summer months.   The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts. The emphasis 9. (be) rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure. From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are various dishes 10. have been baked, boiled, steamed or fried. 【答案】1. foggy 2. to have started 3.boiling 4.has explained 5.most famous 6.to prepare 7,in 8. it 9. is 10. that/ which 六、阅读理解 （2025高一下·广东珠海·阶段练习）What’s your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can’t get enough of them. Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person’s love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported. “We have always assumed that liking contributes to intake —— we eat what we are fond of and we like what we consume. But no one has actually directly bothered to relate personality to intake of chili peppers,” said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study. But before you look at the study, you should first know that “spicy” is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people’s longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster. In the study, 97 subjects, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they are keen on new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin, the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it. By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and what participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water. Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can stand spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. “It’s not that it doesn’t burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling,” Hayes explained. 1．Which can take the place of the underlined word “loathe” in Paragraph 2? A．dislike. B．seek. C．accept. D．harvest. 2．What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study? A．What we eat actually helps develop our personality. B．Males prefer spicy food than females. C．Those avoiding risks tend to hate spicy food. D．It’s wrong to treat “spicy” as a feeling. 3．Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study? A．Because their tongues have become less sensitive. B．Because they are lacking in appetite. C．Because they want to challenge themselves. D．Because they love the burning feeling. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．What to eat mainly depends on personality. B．Preference for spicy food relies largely on personality. C．Taste has nothing to with one’s experiences. D．Different people have different taste. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人们对辛辣食物喜好的原因。长期以来，科学家对为何有人喜爱辣椒而有人厌恶感到困惑。此前研究认为与童年经历和文化影响有关，而最新研究表明，一个人对辛辣食物的喜爱可能更多地与个性相关。 1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it.(科学家们长期以来一直困惑于为什么有些人喜欢辣椒，而另一些人却loathe它)”可知，这里 “while” 表示对比，说明 “loathe” 与 “love” 意思相反。选项 A“dislike（不喜欢）” 符合与 “love” 相反的意思；故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第六段“By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and what participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.(通过对比问卷答案以及参与者对辣味水的感受，研究人员发现，那些倾向于喜欢动作电影或冒险的人，喜欢辣味水的可能性大约是其他人的六倍)”可知，喜欢刺激和冒险的人更喜欢辣味水。由此推知，避免风险的人往往不喜欢辛辣食物。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段““It’s not that it doesn’t burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling,” Hayes explained.(海斯解释说：“并不是辣的感觉不那么强烈了，而是你实际上学会了喜欢这种灼烧感。”)” 可知，根据最新研究，有些人喜欢辛辣食物是因为他们喜欢这种灼烧的感觉。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“But the latest study has found that a person’s love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported.(但据加拿大广播公司新闻报道，最新研究发现，一个人对辛辣食物的喜爱可能与他或她的性格有关，而不是其他任何因素)”可知，文章主要介绍最近的研究表明对辛辣食物的偏好很大程度上依赖于个性。故选B。 七、七选五 （2025高二下·湖北·阶段练习）As a basic human need, food connects people worldwide while showing unique cultural values. 1 Food, in the form of recipes, is passed on from one generation to another, both expressing identity and maintaining links ancestrally, geographically, and even emotionally. What we eat reveals our roots. Families pass down recipes like treasures, keeping traditions alive. The traditional meals of a place touch on identity and ancestry. 2 These habits show how geography shapes diets. In Singapore, many families cook special dishes during festivals to remember their history. 3 Just as Japanese tea ceremonies build friendship, sharing meals creates cross-cultural bonds. Mixed communities often mix food styles, like adding spices to traditional dishes. This explains why tasting local food tops travelers’ to-do lists — it opens doors to meaningful interactions with locals. Familiar tastes instantly transport us home. Migrants cook childhood dishes to fight loneliness abroad, proving food’s power to comfort. Shared meals express love worldwide, whether through a mother’s homemade soup or friends gathering around a hotpot. 4 From family kitchens to international restaurants, food carries cultural stories. Its power to both unite people and protect traditions makes it special. Food and food habits serve as a cultural channel of display of affection and emotional association, meanwhile, sharing delicious and nutritious food undoubtedly signals a bridge of closeness or acceptance. 5 A．Eating habits are hard to change once formed. B．It has many key roles in human life beyond basic nutrition. C．By valuing food cultures, we build more inclusive societies. D．Such moments turn simple eating into emotional connections. E．Food traditions, however, sometimes require careful protection. F．Furthermore, exploring local cuisine helps travelers understand new cultures. G．For example, coastal people eat fish daily while mountain villages often use more grains. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．F 4．D 5．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了食物作为人类的基本需求，除了基本的营养作用外，在全球范围内连接着人们，并展现了独特的文化价值。 1．根据上文“As a basic human need, food connects people worldwide while showing unique cultural values.(作为人类的基本需求，食物在全球范围内连接着人们，并展现了独特的文化价值。)”可知，食物除了基本的营养作用外，还有其他的价值。B选项(它在人类生活中除了基本营养外还有许多关键作用。)符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据上文“The traditional meals of a place touch on identity and ancestry.(一个地方的传统饮食涉及到身份和祖先。)”可知，传统饮食与身份和祖先有关，下文应进一步解释这一观点。G选项(例如，沿海地区的人每天吃鱼，而山村则经常使用更多的谷物。)通过举例说明了饮食习惯与地理位置的关系，进一步解释了上文提到的传统饮食与身份和祖先的联系。故选G项。 3．根据下文“Just as Japanese tea ceremonies build friendship, sharing meals creates cross-cultural bonds.(就像日本的茶道能建立友谊一样，共享食物能创造跨文化的联系。)”可知，本段讲述的是共享食物能创造跨文化的联系。F选项(此外，探索当地美食有助于旅行者了解新文化。)与下文相呼应，进一步说明了共享食物在跨文化交流中的作用。故选F项。 4．根据上文“Migrants cook childhood dishes to fight loneliness abroad, proving food’s power to comfort. Shared meals express love worldwide, whether through a mother’s homemade soup or friends gathering around a hotpot.(移民在国外烹饪童年的菜肴来对抗孤独，这证明了食物安慰人心的力量。无论是通过母亲做的家常汤还是朋友们围坐在火锅旁，共享食物在全球都表达着爱。)”可知，本段讲述的是共享食物在表达情感方面的作用。D选项(这样的时刻将简单的进食变成了情感的连接。)总结了上文提到的共享食物在表达情感方面的作用，承接上文。故选D项。 5．根据上文“Food and food habits serve as a cultural channel of display of affection and emotional association, meanwhile, sharing delicious and nutritious food undoubtedly signals a bridge of closeness or acceptance.(食物和饮食习惯是表达情感和情感联系的文化渠道，同时，分享美味和营养的食物无疑象征着亲密或接受的桥梁。)”可知，本段讲述的是食物和饮食习惯在文化交流中的作用。C选项(通过珍视食物文化，我们建立了更加包容的社会。)总结了上文提到的食物和饮食习惯在文化交流中的积极作用，并强调了珍视食物文化对于建立包容社会的重要性。故选C项。 八、完形填空 （2025高一下·浙江·期中）It was four o’clock in the afternoon. Bernie was tired after the long flight from America. His parents, especially his mom, Clara, insisted he come with them to England to 1 with relatives, but he just wanted to stay at home and play video games. Mrs. Pearce 2 cups of tea for everyone and offered delicate pastries. Her daughter, Serena, held her cup, with one finger in the air, as if she was trying to seem 3 . It seemed strange to Bernie that anyone would want to drink tea, yet here, drinking tea seemed to be a special 4 . Uncle Arthur 5 Bernie’s tiredness. “Jet lag, I guess. I’ll make you a special cup of tea tonight to help you rest,” he said. “Try it. It 6 well for me,” Serena added. Bernie was too tired to 7 . He was at the point of just agreeing to everything. Clara and Arthur continued their small talk, sharing 8 . Bernie managed to seem 9 , but his mind kept wandering back to his video games back home. Dinner was roast beef and apple pie with ice cream, which really captured Bernie’s heart. The delicious food made him feel a bit more 10 . As bedtime 11 , Arthur remembered his plan to make a 12 cup of tea for Bernie. By now, Bernie could 13 keep his eyes open. As he settled into his bed, Mrs. Pearce brought him the steaming cup of hot tea. “I hope you have a pleasant sleep,” said Mrs. Pearce. Bernie held the warm cup of tea in his hand and 14 gratefully. Everything was good, and the tea was 15 . 1．A．compete B．cooperate C．connect D．check 2．A．drank B．poured C．bottled D．held 3．A．elegant B．relaxed C．romantic D．adaptable 4．A．field B．event C．task D．site 5．A．imagined B．noticed C．attacked D．measured 6．A．works B．helps C．succeeds D．balances 7．A．agree B．describe C．chat D．argue 8．A．secrets B．resources C．memories D．thoughts 9．A．interested B．surprised C．pleased D．amused 10．A．at ease B．in shape C．in control D．off track 11．A．passed B．approached C．ended D．continued 12．A．full B．delicious C．hot D．special 13．A．exactly B．nearly C．hardly D．actually 14．A．welcomed B．recommended C．received D．nodded 15．A．warm B．strong C．perfect D．clear 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伯尼飞抵英国后与亲戚相处的经历。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的父母，尤其是他的妈妈克拉拉，坚持让他和他们一起去英国与亲戚们联系，但他只想待在家里玩电子游戏。A. compete竞争；B. cooperate合作；C. connect联系；D. check检查。根据下文“with relatives”可知，父母带他去英国是为了和亲戚们建立联系，connect with relatives表示“与亲戚联系”，符合文意。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：皮尔斯太太给每个人都倒了茶，还提供了精致的糕点。A. drank喝；B. poured倒；C. bottled装瓶；D. held握住。根据下文“cups of tea for everyone”可知，皮尔斯太太是在给每个人倒茶。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的女儿塞雷娜端着杯子，一根手指翘在空中，好像试图显得优雅。A. elegant优雅的；B. relaxed放松的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. adaptable能适应的。根据下文“with one finger in the air”可知，塞雷娜想表现得优雅。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对伯尼来说，有人想喝茶似乎很奇怪，但在这里，喝茶似乎是一项特殊的活动。A. field领域；B. event既定活动；C. task任务；D. site地点。根据上文“drinking tea seemed to be a special”可知，喝茶在这里被当作一项特殊的活动。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚瑟叔叔注意到伯尼的疲惫。A. imagined想象；B. noticed注意到；C. attacked攻击；D. measured测量。根据下文“Bernie’s tiredness”和“Jet lag, I guess. I’ll make you a special cup of tea tonight to help you rest”可知，亚瑟叔叔注意到了伯尼的疲惫。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“试试吧。它对我很有效，”塞雷娜补充道。A. works起作用；B. helps帮助；C. succeeds成功；D. balances平衡。根据上文“Jet lag, I guess. I’ll make you a special cup of tea tonight to help you rest”和下文“well for”可知，亚瑟叔叔说这种茶有助于休息，塞雷娜补充说这种茶对她很有效，work well“有效，起作用”。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯尼太累了，不想争论。A. agree同意；B. describe描述；C. chat聊天；D. argue争论。根据下文“He was at the point of just agreeing to everything.”可知，伯尼太累了，不想争论，只想同意一切。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：克拉拉和亚瑟继续闲聊，分享着回忆。A. secrets秘密；B. resources资源；C. memories回忆；D. thoughts想法。根据上文“Clara and Arthur continued their small talk”可知，他们在分享一些回忆，聊过去的事情。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：伯尼尽量装出感兴趣的样子，但他的思绪却不断飘回到家里的电子游戏上。A. interested感兴趣的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. pleased高兴的；D. amused娱乐的。根据下文“but his mind kept wandering back to his video games back home”可知，伯尼虽然思绪在游戏上，但还是尽量装出感兴趣的样子。故选A。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：美味的食物让他感觉稍微放松了一些。A. at ease放松；B. in shape处于良好状态；C. in control控制；D. off track偏离正轨。根据上文“The delicious food made him feel a bit more”可知，美味的食物让伯尼感觉稍微放松了一些。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着就寝时间的临近，亚瑟想起了给伯尼泡一杯特制茶的计划。A. passed通过；B. approached临近；C. ended结束；D. continued继续。根据上文“As bedtime”可知，随着就寝时间临近。故选B。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着就寝时间的临近，亚瑟想起了给伯尼泡一杯特制茶的计划。A. full满的；B. delicious美味的；C. hot热的；D. special特别的。根据上文“I’ll make you a special cup of tea tonight to help you rest”可知，亚瑟要给伯尼泡一杯特制的茶。故选D。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，伯尼几乎睁不开眼睛了。A. exactly恰好；B. nearly几乎；C. hardly几乎不；D. actually实际上。根据上文“By now”以及下文“As he settled into his bed”可知，伯尼现在非常困倦，几乎睁不开眼睛了。故选C。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯尼手里捧着热茶，感激地点了点头。A. welcomed欢迎；B. recommended推荐；C. received收到；D. nodded点头。根据上文““I hope you have a pleasant sleep,” said Mrs. Pearce. Bernie held the warm cup of tea in his hand and”可知，伯尼对皮尔斯夫人的关心表示感激，点头回应。故选D。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很美好，茶也很完美。A. warm温暖的；B. strong强烈的；C. perfect完美的；D. clear清晰的。根据上文“Everything was good, and the tea was”可知，伯尼觉得一切都很美好，茶也很完美。故选C。 ( 1 / 9 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Food matters Period 4 Extended reading, project and assessment分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 释放, 放任 _______________ 2. 使人满意, 正合需要______________  3. 破碎, 破裂; 崩溃 _________ 4. 吸引, 呼吁, 恳求 _______________ 5. 特别, 尤其  _________ 6. 起飞 _________ 7. 与……交往 _________ 8. 独一无二 _________ 9. 如果有必要的话 _________ 10. 自始至终做…… _________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. It was a difficult (概念) to grasp, but soon he understood it. 2. Even in small companies, computers are an (必不可少的) tool. 3. The cottage was cold and (潮湿的). 4. He suffered from headaches and loss of (食欲). 5. You always have to sit in the same room for three hours for (数量多的) classes. 6. In general, a (朴素的) carpet makes a room look bigger. 　 7. A radio signal has both electrical and magnetic (特性). 　 8. In an electric power plant the heat converts water into high-pressure (蒸汽). 9. Although the coral looks hard, it is actually very (易碎的). 10. Don’t put that glass so near the (边) of the table. 三、单句语法填空。 1．The exhibition is well worth visiting and you can see fancy vases (花瓶) of different (dynasty) on show there. 2．The company’s (expand) into overseas markets requires a deep understanding of different cultures. 3.Jack told me that the junk food (consume) half an hour before. 4．In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an (essence) part of daily routine. 5．It is a (fog) day! We can’t see things clearly in the distance. 6． The success of any company relies heavily on (innovative), dedication, and effective leadership. 7． Today, it is (estimate) that about 60% of domestic rice consumption is from hybrid strains. 8． I can’t lay too much (emphasize) on the importance of artificial intelligence. 9． You’d better get dressed in the clothes appropriate your job interview tomorrow. 10．The parents listened to the news with a (mix) of surprise and horror. 11．The presentation of this fish is designed (stimulate) your appetite. 12．The girl was the edge of her seat and was eager to raise her hand. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. She is all of us love and respect her. (such. . . that. . . )  她是一个如此好的老师, 我们都喜欢和尊敬她。 2. The storm left, to this area. (分词作结果状语)  暴风雨过后, 给这个地区造成了很大的损失。 3. Dinosaurs millions of years ago. (be thought to)  恐龙被认为几百万年前就已经灭绝了。 4. ________________ about one thousand people died in the earthquake. (estimate)  据估计, 大约有一千人死于那次地震。 5. you to ask such personal questions in an interview. (appropriate)   你在采访中问这样私人的问题是不合适的。 6．这家餐厅提供各种美食，吸引不同口味的人。（appeal to/动词-ing 形式作状语） The restaurant offers a variety of cuisines, . 7．这样的日常饮食被广泛认为可以预防多种癌症。(be believed to do) Such a diet offer protection against a number of cancers. 8．在工作了一整天疲惫不堪之后，一杯咖啡能让人感觉恰到好处。 A cup of coffee can after a long and tiring day at work. 8．众所周知，庆祝国家节日是为了激发人们赏鉴传统文化的兴趣。(非限制性定语从句) , the purpose of celebrating a national festival is appreciating traditional culture. 五、语法填空 　This article tells us some traditional Chinese foods: Sichuan hot pot, Nanjing salted duck and Cantonese dim sum. Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, 1. (fog) climate in which they were invented. They are believed 2. (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by 3. (boil) vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. Over time, it 4. (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.   Salted duck is Nanjing’s 5. (famous) food export. Served plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days 6. (prepare), and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries; its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck 7. particular, saying it was without equal. Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so 8. is appropriate for the hot summer months.   The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts. The emphasis 9. (be) rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure. From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are various dishes 10. have been baked, boiled, steamed or fried. 六、阅读理解 （2025高一下·广东珠海·阶段练习）What’s your opinion on spicy food? Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount of chili peppers in their dinner while others can’t get enough of them. Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loathe it. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and that cultural influences affect our taste too. But the latest study has found that a person’s love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported. “We have always assumed that liking contributes to intake —— we eat what we are fond of and we like what we consume. But no one has actually directly bothered to relate personality to intake of chili peppers,” said Professor John E. Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study. But before you look at the study, you should first know that “spicy” is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty taste. It is, in fact, a burning feeling that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by people’s longing for thrill, something they usually get from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster. In the study, 97 subjects, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about their personality, for example, whether they are keen on new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin, the plant chemical that makes a chili burn, mixed into it. By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and what participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water. Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can stand spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. “It’s not that it doesn’t burn as badly, but that you actually learn to like the burning feeling,” Hayes explained. 1．Which can take the place of the underlined word “loathe” in Paragraph 2? A．dislike. B．seek. C．accept. D．harvest. 2．What did Professor John E. Hayes and his team discover from their study? A．What we eat actually helps develop our personality. B．Males prefer spicy food than females. C．Those avoiding risks tend to hate spicy food. D．It’s wrong to treat “spicy” as a feeling. 3．Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study? A．Because their tongues have become less sensitive. B．Because they are lacking in appetite. C．Because they want to challenge themselves. D．Because they love the burning feeling. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．What to eat mainly depends on personality. B．Preference for spicy food relies largely on personality. C．Taste has nothing to with one’s experiences. D．Different people have different taste. 七、七选五 （2025高二下·湖北·阶段练习）As a basic human need, food connects people worldwide while showing unique cultural values. 1 Food, in the form of recipes, is passed on from one generation to another, both expressing identity and maintaining links ancestrally, geographically, and even emotionally. What we eat reveals our roots. Families pass down recipes like treasures, keeping traditions alive. The traditional meals of a place touch on identity and ancestry. 2 These habits show how geography shapes diets. In Singapore, many families cook special dishes during festivals to remember their history. 3 Just as Japanese tea ceremonies build friendship, sharing meals creates cross-cultural bonds. Mixed communities often mix food styles, like adding spices to traditional dishes. This explains why tasting local food tops travelers’ to-do lists — it opens doors to meaningful interactions with locals. Familiar tastes instantly transport us home. Migrants cook childhood dishes to fight loneliness abroad, proving food’s power to comfort. Shared meals express love worldwide, whether through a mother’s homemade soup or friends gathering around a hotpot. 4 From family kitchens to international restaurants, food carries cultural stories. Its power to both unite people and protect traditions makes it special. Food and food habits serve as a cultural channel of display of affection and emotional association, meanwhile, sharing delicious and nutritious food undoubtedly signals a bridge of closeness or acceptance. 5 A．Eating habits are hard to change once formed. B．It has many key roles in human life beyond basic nutrition. C．By valuing food cultures, we build more inclusive societies. D．Such moments turn simple eating into emotional connections. E．Food traditions, however, sometimes require careful protection. F．Furthermore, exploring local cuisine helps travelers understand new cultures. G．For example, coastal people eat fish daily while mountain villages often use more grains. 八、完形填空 （2025高一下·浙江·期中）It was four o’clock in the afternoon. Bernie was tired after the long flight from America. His parents, especially his mom, Clara, insisted he come with them to England to 1 with relatives, but he just wanted to stay at home and play video games. Mrs. Pearce 2 cups of tea for everyone and offered delicate pastries. Her daughter, Serena, held her cup, with one finger in the air, as if she was trying to seem 3 . It seemed strange to Bernie that anyone would want to drink tea, yet here, drinking tea seemed to be a special 4 . Uncle Arthur 5 Bernie’s tiredness. “Jet lag, I guess. I’ll make you a special cup of tea tonight to help you rest,” he said. “Try it. It 6 well for me,” Serena added. Bernie was too tired to 7 . He was at the point of just agreeing to everything. Clara and Arthur continued their small talk, sharing 8 . Bernie managed to seem 9 , but his mind kept wandering back to his video games back home. Dinner was roast beef and apple pie with ice cream, which really captured Bernie’s heart. The delicious food made him feel a bit more 10 . As bedtime 11 , Arthur remembered his plan to make a 12 cup of tea for Bernie. By now, Bernie could 13 keep his eyes open. As he settled into his bed, Mrs. Pearce brought him the steaming cup of hot tea. “I hope you have a pleasant sleep,” said Mrs. Pearce. Bernie held the warm cup of tea in his hand and 14 gratefully. Everything was good, and the tea was 15 . 1．A．compete B．cooperate C．connect D．check 2．A．drank B．poured C．bottled D．held 3．A．elegant B．relaxed C．romantic D．adaptable 4．A．field B．event C．task D．site 5．A．imagined B．noticed C．attacked D．measured 6．A．works B．helps C．succeeds D．balances 7．A．agree B．describe C．chat D．argue 8．A．secrets B．resources C．memories D．thoughts 9．A．interested B．surprised C．pleased D．amused 10．A．at ease B．in shape C．in control D．off track 11．A．passed B．approached C．ended D．continued 12．A．full B．delicious C．hot D．special 13．A．exactly B．nearly C．hardly D．actually 14．A．welcomed B．recommended C．received D．nodded 15．A．warm B．strong C．perfect D．clear ( 5 / 5 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$