内容正文:
衔接点15 构词法知识与词形词性转化(初高衔接点及差异)
初中阶段
高中阶段
初中阶段,掌握基础构词规则,如以派生法(加前缀 / 后缀)为主;了解少量合成词和转化法。其次,能识别常见派生词的词性和词义。侧重基础词性转换规则,能根据句子结构判断词性并正确变形。
高中阶段,掌握更多前缀后缀;理解构词逻辑;分析复杂合成词的结构;理解一词多性的语境逻辑;通过构词法推测生词词义。总之,高中需拓展构词法复杂度,强调语境中词形词性的多维度转化规则。
衔接指引
初中阶段考查形式:侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用,多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。
高中阶段考查形式:注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解,更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。
【初中考点聚焦】
基础规则与单句应用
· 词汇变形题(单句填空):
例:She speaks English ______ (clear). (答案:clearly,形容词变副词)
例:The ______ (care) boy made many mistakes. (答案:careless,“粗心的”)
· 核心考点:
常见后缀的词性对应(如 - ful→形,-ly→副,-tion→名);
规则变形中的拼写注意(如辅音字母双写:big→bigger→biggest)。
【高中考点聚焦】
课标解读
语境推断与综合运用
· 阅读理解中的词义猜测:
例:通过 “non-”(非)+“verbal”(言语的)推断 “non-verbal communication” 为 “非语言交流”。
语法填空 :
例:The ______ (introduce) of new technology improved productivity. (答案:introduction,动词变名词)
· 写作中的词汇升级:
要求:用 “significance”(名词,重要性)替代 “be important”。
· 核心考点:
复杂派生词的词义逻辑(如否定前缀 + 词根 + 后缀:un+reason+able→unreasonable);
合成词的结构分析(如 “over+work→overwork” 过度工作);
词性转化在长难句中的功能(如动名词作主语:Reading improves vocabulary)。
考点清单
一、合成法
合成是指把两个不同词类的词加在一起构成一个新词,它可以是形容词,也可以是名词或其他词类。
英语中常见的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词和合成副词,其中以合成形容词最为活跃。
(1)合成形容词通常有以下常见的构词方法:
构成方法
例词
形容词+名词+ed
noble-minded高尚的
good-tempered好脾气的
形容词+现在分词
good-looking好看的
easy-going随和的
副词+现在分词
hard-working勤劳的
far-reaching深远的
名词+现在分词
peace-loving热爱和平的
record-breaking破记录的
名词+过去分词
man-made人造的
heartbroken心碎的
副词+过去分词
well-known著名的
widespread广泛流传的
形容词+名词
large-scale大规模的
high-class高级的
数词+名词+ed
three-legged三条腿的
five-starred五颗星的
名词+形容词
duty-free免税的
homesick想家的
(2)合成名词通常有以下常见的构词方法:
构成方式
例词
名词+名词
silkworm蚕
snowman雪人
形容词+名词
nobleman贵族
green-hand新手
动名词+名词
waiting-room候车室
sleeping-pills安眠药
动词+名词
pickpocket扒手
cross-roads十字路口
名词+动名词
handwriting书法
sun-bathing目光浴
动词+副词
get-together聚会
breakthrough突破
副词+动词
downfall垮台
outbreak爆发
(3)合成动词通常有以下常见的构词方法:
构成方式
例词
副词+动词
overthrow 推翻
undervalue 低估
形容词+动词
ill-treat虐待
quick-charge快速充电
名词+动词
typewrite 打字
sleepwalk梦游
(4)合成副词通常有以下常见的构词方法:
构成方式
例词
介词+名词
upstairs楼上;outdoors户外;underfoot 脚下
形容词+名词
hotfoot 匆忙地
形容词+副词
anywhere 任何地方
小试牛刀:
一、请从Ⅰ框和Ⅱ框中分别选择一个单词来组成新的单词。
Ⅰ basket, black, green, home, super Ⅱ house, ball, work, market, board
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
【答案】 basketball blackboard greenhouse homework supermarket
【解析】1. “basketball”,由“basket”(篮子)和“ball”(球)组成,意思是“篮球”,故填basketball。
2. “blackboard”,由“black”(黑色)和“board”(板)组成,意思是“黑板”,故填blackboard。
3. “greenhouse”,由“green”(绿色)和“house”(房子)组成,意思是“温室”,故填greenhouse。
4. “homework”,由“home”(家)和“work”(工作)组成,意思是“家庭作业”,故填homework。
5. “supermarket”,由“super”(超级)和“market”(市场)组成,意思是“超市”,故填supermarket。
二、单项选择
1.After living in the countryside for ten years, the ________ writer finished a book on how to live a long and healthy life.
A.86-year old B.86-year-old C.86 years’old D.86-years-old
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在乡下住了十年之后,这位八十六岁的作家完成了一本关于如何长寿和健康生活的书。考查合成形容词。根据“the… writer”可知,空处需要填入意为“八十六岁的”形容词,作定语,合成形容词各词之间需要使用连字符,且名词用单数。故选B。
2.Which of the following words is formed the same way as “wartime”?
A.suggestion B.bookworm C.accountant D.carelessness
【答案】B
【解析】句意:以下哪个词的构成方式与 “wartime” 相同?考查构词法。“wartime”是由两个名词“war”和“time”构成的合成词。选项中“bookworm”也是由两个名词“book”和“worm”构成的合成词,与“wartime”构词法一致。故选B。
3.Which word is formed the same way as the word “bookworm”?
A.handbag B.pronunciation C.impatient D.achievement
【答案】A
【解析】句意:下面哪个单词组成形式类似“bookworm”? 考查合成词。handbag手提包;pronunciation发音;impatient不耐心的;achievement成就。bookworm由book和worm组成,而选项A中handbag由hand和bag组成。故选A。
4.Background is a compound word. Which of the following words is formed in the same way?
A.carelessness B.agreement C.discovery D.wartime
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Background是一个合成词。以下哪个词是以相同的方式构成的?考查构词法。carelessness是从形容词careless加上后缀-ness形成的名词,是派生词;agreement是从动词agree加上后缀-ment形成的名词,是派生词;discovery是从动词discover加上后缀-y形成的名词,是派生词;wartime是由war和time组合而成的,是合成词。故选D。
5.Canada is mainly an ________ country.
A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken
【答案】A
【解析】句意:加拿大主要是一个说英语的国家。考查构词法。English-speaking说英语的;speak English说英语,不用连字符连接;spoken English口语,不用连字符连接。English-spoken英语口语。根据空后的“country”是名词可知,前要用形容词修饰;an English-speaking country表示“一个说英语的国家”,固定表达。故选A。
6.Which of the following is also a compound word like “homework”?
A.meaning B.incorrect C.bookshop D.direction
【答案】C
【解析】句意:下面哪个也是像“homework”这样的复合词?考查复合词。homework可以拆分为home+work,是复合词,bookshop可以拆分为book+shop与之相符,故选C。
7.They want to build a _________ bridge over the river.
A.2-kilometers-long B.2 kilometers-long C.2-kilometer-long D.2-kilometer long
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他们想在这条河上建一座2公里长的桥。考查复合形容词。数词、名词和形容词构成复合形容词,名词必须是原形,词与词之间加连字符“-”。结合选项,可知2-kilometer-long符合语法规范,故选C。
8.—You should write a ________ passage in the English exam.
—I think it’s not difficult for us to write ________ if you try your best.
A.70 words; 70 words B.70-word; 70 words
C.70-word; 70-word D.70 words; 70-word
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——在英语考试中你要写一篇70字的短文。——如果尽力的话,我想,对于我们来说,写70字并不难。考查数词的用法。在英语中,用连字符号连接数词和名词,其用法相当于形容词,其中的名词没有复数形式;相反,如果数词和名词之间没有连字符号,数词修饰名词,数词大于1时,名词应用复数。passage为名词,因此第一空应用70-word作形容词修饰名词;write为动词,因此第二空应用70 words作其宾语。故选B。
2、 派生法
派生的构成往往是通过词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词汇。我们可以用不同的后缀来构成名词、形容词、动词、副词和数词等。一般来说,给一个词加上前缀,通常用词性不变,而改变词义,如fair(adj.公平的)-unfair(adj. 不公平的);给一个词加一后缀,通常词义不变,而改变词性,如invent(v.发明)-invention(n. 发明)。
1.后缀
1)名词后缀:
-able, ible (构成形容词) 意为:可…的;能…的; 应…的
e.g. calculable (能计算的);taxable (应纳税的);adaptable (能适应的);visible (看得见的)
-ability, ibility (构成名词).
e.g. capability (能力); responsibility (责任);
-al (构成形容词或名词) 意为:与…有关的; 表示过程或状态
e.g. magical (魔术的);physical (物理的);survival (幸存);arrival (到达);refusal (拒绝)
-an, -ian (构成形容词或名词) 意为:来自;有…特征; 专长于…的人,…专家
e.g. Brazilian (巴西人);Egyptian (埃及人);mathematician (数学家);politician (政治家);
historian (历史学家);musician (音乐家);physician (内科医生);magician (魔术师)
-arian (构成名词) 意为:…派(主义)的人
e.g. humanitarian (人道主义者);vegetarian (素食者);librarian (图书馆管理员)
-ance, -ence (构成名词) 意为:表示行动或状况。
e.g. assistance (帮助);appearance (出现);brilliance (才华);perseverance (毅力)
confidence (信心); excellence (优秀)
-ee (构成名词) 意为:受动者;称为…的人。
e.g. employee (雇员);interviewee (接受面试者);trainee (受训者);absentee (缺席者);refugee (难民)
-er, -or (构成名词) 意为:做某事的人;用于做某事的器械。
e.g. actor(演员);inventor(发明家);translator(译者);foreigner (外国人); astronomer (天文学家);computer (计算机);calculator (计算器);accelerator (加速器)
-ar (构成名词) 意为:做某事的人。
e.g. liar (说谎的人);scholar (学者);pedlar (流动小贩)
-hood (构成名词) 意为:…时期;…状态。
e.g. childhood (儿童时期);parenthood (父母身份);likelihood (可能性)
-ion, -ition, -ation, ism (构成名词) 意为:行为;状态;结果
e.g. completion(完成);repetition (重复);liberation (解放);criticism (批评)
-ist (构成名词和形容词) 意为:…专家;从事…的人; 显示某政治信仰的
e.g. dentist (牙医);pianist (钢琴家;钢琴弹奏者);novelist (小说家);socialist (社会主义的)
-y (构成形容词和名词)意为:…的;表示“性质或行为”;表示人或物;表示“小…”
e.g. worthy (有价值的;值得的);snowy (下雪的); greedy (贪婪的);modesty (谦虚);
lefty (左撇子);fatty (胖人); piggy (小猪); kitty (小猫咪); puppy (小狗); bunny (小兔子)
-ity, -ty (构成名词) 意为:…性质;…状态。
e.g. purity(纯净);certainty (确定性)
-ment (构成名词) 意为:做某事的动作、动作的实施者或结果。
e.g. government (政府);replacement (替代);development (发展)
-ness (用于把形容词变成名词) 意为:…的性质(或状态、特点)
e.g. dryness (干燥);blindness (失明);silliness (愚蠢);sadness (悲伤)
-ology (构成名词) 意为:学科;科目.
e.g. geology (地质学);sociology (社会学);psychology (心理学);physiology (生理学)
-ship (构成名词) 意为:状态;性质;资格;职位;技能;全体成员
e.g. ownership (所有制);friendship(友谊);citizenship(公民资格);professorship(教授资
格);membership(会员资格;全体会员)
-sion, -ssion (构成名词) 意为:行为;状态;结果。
e.g. confusion (困惑);permission (许可)
-ure (构成名词) 意为:行为;结果。
e.g. exposure (暴露); failure (失败); closure (关闭)
2)动词后缀:
-en (构成动词或形容词) 意为:使;使成为;变得;由…制成(构成)的。
e.g. sadden(使悲伤);blacken (使变黑);wooden (木制的);golden (金的)
-ify, -fy (构成动词) 意为:使得;变成。
e.g. purify (净化);solidify (使凝固);clarify (澄清)
-ize (美式), -ise (英式) (构成动词) 意为:使;使…化。
e.g. privatize (私有化);modernize (使…现代化);organize (组织);apologize (道歉)
3)形容词后缀:
-ant, -ent (构成形容词和名词) 意为:是/做…的;…的人。
e.g. expectant (期待的);pleasant (令人愉快的);servant (仆人);inhabitant (居民);resident (居民)
-ful (构成形容词) 意为:充满…的;有…性质(或倾向)。
e.g. sorrowful (悲伤的);painful (痛苦的);forgetful (健忘的);cheerful (高兴的)
-ic, -ical (构成形容词),意为:…的;与…有关的。
e.g. scenic (风景优美的);economic (经济的);historic (具有历史意义的);historical (历史的)
-ish (构成形容词) 意为:…国家的;有…性质的;像…似的;有点…的
e.g. British (英国的);Turkish (土耳其的);childish (孩子气的);reddish (略呈红色的)
-ive (构成形容词) 意为:与…有关的;具有…性质的;有…倾向的。
e..g. creative (创造性的);descriptive (描述的)
-less (构成形容词) 意为:没有,无。
e.g. treeless(没有树木的);meaningless (无意义的)
-like (构成形容词) 意为:类似…的;有…特征的。
e.g. childlike (孩子般的);lifelike (生动的)
-ly (构成形容词) 意为:举止像…的;有…态度的。
e.g. friendly (有好的);scholarly(学者型的);lovely (可爱的)
-ous, -ious (构成形容词) 意为:具有…的;有…特性的。
e.g. dangerous (危险的);spacious (宽敞的);poisonous (有毒的);mountainous (多山的)
-some (构成形容词) 意为:引起 (易于) …的。
e.g. quarrelsome (爱争吵的);troublesome (令人讨厌的);tiresome (厌倦的)
-ward (构成形容词) 意为:向…的。
e.g. backward (向后的);eastward (向东的)
-y (构成形容词) 意为:充满…的;有…特性的;有…倾向的。
e.g. dusty (积满灰尘的);hairy (多毛的);sticky (黏性的);messy (乱糟糟的)
4)副词后缀:
-ly (构成副词) 意为:以…方式。
e.g. happily (高兴地);stupidly (愚蠢地)
-ward (英式) , -wards (美式) (构成副词), 意为:向…的。
e.g. onward (向前);forward (向前);upward (向上)
2.前缀
anti- (构成名词或形容词) 意为:反;反对; 防止
e.g. antipollution (防止污染);antirust (防锈的); antisocial (反社会的);antimatter (反物质) ; Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争;antianxiety 抗焦虑的;antibacterial 抗菌的
auto- (构成名词、形容词和副词) 意为:自己(的); 本身(的); 无人操作(的)
e.g. autobiography (自传);automatic (自动的);autosave (n.& v. 自动保存)
autocriticism (自我检讨);automatic pilot 自动驾驶仪
co- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:①一起;共同;联合 ②同事,伙伴,副
e.g. co-produced (合作生产的);cooperate (合作v. );cooperatively (合作地);
co-author (合著者); coexist (共存v.);coauthor(合著者);copilot (飞机副驾驶员)
dis- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:不;非;相反;相对
e.g. dishonest (不诚实);disagreeably (不合意地);disadvantage (不利条件);disappear (消失)
dislike (v.& n.不喜欢);disable (v.使无能;使残疾); disclose (v.使显露;揭露;泄露);
discomfort (v.& n.不舒服;使人不舒服);discontinue (v. 停止,中断);
disorder (n. 杂乱,混乱);dishonorable (a. 不光彩的,可耻的);dispraise (贬低;诋毁)
en- (构成动词) 意为:使处于…状态;使(成为)
e.g. endanger (使遭危险);enlarge (扩大);enrich (丰富);enable (使…能够);
in-; il-; im-; ir- (构成形容词、副词和名词) 意为:不;非;相反的
e.g. infinite (无限的);inactive (不活跃的);inadequate (不足的;不充分的);
illegible (难辨认的);illogical (不合逻辑的);illegal (非法的);immorally (不道德地);immature (不成熟的;幼稚的);immortal (不朽的;永生的) ; irrelevance(不相关);
irregular (不规则的); irresponsible (不负责任的)
inter- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:在…之间;相互
e.g. interaction (相互作用);international (国际的);interchange (交换;互换); interpersonal (人际关系的;人际的)
mini- (构成名词)意为:小的;短的
e.g. miniskirt(迷你裙,超短裙);minibus (小巴士);minicam (小型摄像机)
mis- (构成动词和名词) 意为:坏(或错)的
e.g. misbehavior (行为不端);misunderstand (误解);mislead (误导);misuse (误用;滥用;虐待)
multi- (构成名词和形容词) 意为:多个;许多
e.g. multicoloured (多色彩的);multimedia (多媒体的);multifunctional (多功能的);multinational (跨国的; 跨国公司)
non-[nɒn] (构成形容词、副词和名词) 意为:无;没有
e.g. nonsense (废话);non-stop (直达的); non-fiction (纪实文学);non-smoker (不吸烟的人); non-standard(不标准的)
out- (构成动词、名词和形容词) 意为:超越;超过;在外面;向外
e.g. outnumber (在数量上超过);outgrow (长得比…快);outsmart (比…更聪明);
outdoor (户外的);outward (外面的;向外的)
over- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词), 意为:太;过于;上面;外面
e.g. over-production (生产过剩);overload (超载);overconfident (过分自信); overcoat (大衣);overhead (在头上方ad.& a. )
post- (构成动词、名词和形容词) 意为:后;以后
e.g. postgraduate (研究生);post-war (战后的);post-reading (读后活动)
pre- (构成动词、名词和形容词) 意为:先于;在…前
e.g. preheat (预热);pre-war (战前的);precaution (预防)
re- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:又;再;重新
e.g. reapply (再申请);reappear (再次出现);retell (复述);rewrite (重写;改写)
semi- (构成形容词和名词) 意为:半;部分
e.g. semicircular (半圆形的); semi-final (半决赛);semicivilized (半文明的,半开化的);
semiconductor (半导体);
sub- (构成名词和形容词) 意为:在…以下;少于;低于;次于;亚于; 分支;分部
e.g. subtropical (亚热带的);substandard (低于标准的);sub-zero (零度以下的);
subdivision (再分割;分支,分部)
super- (构成形容词、副词和名词) 意为:极;超;超级
e.g. super-rich (极富有的);superhuman (超出常人的);superhero (超级英雄)
supersonically 超音速地
tele- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:远距离的;远的;电视的;通过电话的
e.g. telescope (望远镜);teletext (图文电视);telesales (电话销售);teleconference (电话会议)
trans- (构成形容词)意为:横跨;通过;超越;表示“变化”或“转移”
e.g. transcontinental (横跨大陆的);transnational (跨越国界的);transplant (移植);
transform (转变)
un- (构成形容词、副词和名词) 意为: 不;未;非;反;构成动词表示相反的过程
e.g. unable(不能的);unconsciously (无意识地);untruth (谬误);unlock (开锁)
under-(构成名词和形容词) 意为:在下面;在…下面;次于,低于;不足;未
e.g. underground (地下的;地铁);undergraduate (大学生);underdeveloped(不发达的);
underestimate (低估);undercooked (未煮熟的)
小试牛刀:
一、词性转换
词性转换默写。请根据提示完成下面表格
原词
词性/中文
英文
词性/中文
英文
1. introduce (v.)
(n.) 介绍
1. __
___________
_________
2. celebrate (v.)
(n.) 庆祝
2.
___________
_________
3. relative (n.)
(n.) 关系
3.
___________
_________
4. old (adj.)
(adj.) 年长的
4.
___________
_________
5. prepare (v.)
(n.) 准备
5.
(adj.) 准备的
6.
6. decorate (v.)
(n.) 装修,装饰
7.
___________
_________
7. surprised (adj.)
(adj.) 令人惊讶的
8.
(n.) 惊讶,惊叹
9.
8. excited (adj.)
(adj.) 令人兴奋的
10.
(n.) 兴奋
11.
9. joy (n.)
(v.) 享受
12.
___________
_________
【答案】
1. introduction 2. celebration 3. relation 4. elder 5. preparation 6. prepared 7. decoration
8. surprising 9. surprise 10. exciting 11. excitement 12. enjoy
【解析】
1. introduce为动词,意为“介绍”,其名词形式为introduction,意为“介绍”。故填introduction。
2. celebrate为动词,意为“庆祝”,其名词形式为celebration,意为“庆祝”。故填celebration。
3. relative为名词,意为“亲戚”,表示“关系”的名词,应为relation。故填relation。
4. old为形容词,意为“老的”,其表示“年长的”的形容词为elder。故填elder。
5. prepare为动词,意为“准备”,其名词形式为preparation,意为“准备”。故填preparation。
6. prepare为动词,意为“准备”,其形容词形式为prepared,意为“准备好的”。故填prepared。
7. decorate为动词,意为“装修,装饰”,其名词形式为decoration,意为“装修,装饰”。故填decoration。
8. surprised为形容词,意为“(感到惊奇的”,通常修饰人;其表示“令人惊讶的”的形容词为surprising,
通常修饰物。故填surprising。
9. surprised为形容词,意为“(感到)惊奇的”,其名词形式为surprise,意为“惊讶,惊叹”。故填surprise。
10. excited为形容词,意为“(感到)兴奋的”,其表示“令人兴奋的”的形容词为exciting。故填exciting。
11. excited为形容词,意为“(感到)兴奋的”,其名词形式为excitement,意为“兴奋”。故填excitement。
二、单项选择
1.Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “im-”?
A.polite B.patient C.active D.possible
【答案】C
【解析】句意:下列哪个单词不能加上前缀"im-"?考查构词法。polite"有礼貌的”—impolite“无礼貌的”;patient“耐心的”—impatient“不耐烦的";active"积极的",其反义词是inactive,不是imactive,因此不能加前缀"im-";possible“可能的"—impossible“不可能的”。结合选项可知,选项C符合。故选C。
2.We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite meaning.
A.polite B.active C.correct D.pleasant
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们可以把前缀“un-”加在pleasant之前,赋予它相反的含义。考查否定前缀。polite礼貌的,反义词为impolite;active积极的,反义词为inactive;correct 正确的,反义词为incorrect;pleasant令人愉悦的,反义词为unpleasant。综上分析,故选D。
3.Which of the following words has a prefix “in-” to make it have an opposite meaning?
A.active B.lucky C.able D.important
【答案】A
【解析】句意:下列哪个单词有前缀“in-”使其具有相反的意思?考查单词的派生。active活跃的",其前可加前缀“in-",构成inactive“不活跃的”,意思与active。B、C、D的反义词都是在前面加“un-”。故选A。
4.Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun?
A.-tion B.-less C.-ful D.-ly
【答案】A
【解析】句意:下列哪个后缀用来构成名词?考查后缀。-tion用来构成名词的后缀;-less用来构成形容词的后缀;-ful用来构成形容词的后缀;-ly用来构成形容词或者副词的后缀。本题问的是名词的后缀。故选A。
5.Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “im-”?
A.polite B.patient C.active D.possible
【答案】C
【解析】句意:下列哪个单词不能加上前缀“im-”?考查构词法。polite“有礼貌的”—impolite“无礼貌的”;patient“耐心的”—impatient“不耐烦的”;active“积极的”,其反义词是inactive,不是imactive,因此不能加前缀“im-”;possible“可能的”—impossible“不可能的”。结合选项可知,选项C符合。故选C。
三、转化法
转化是指单词由一个词类转变成另一个词类,但其基本意思不变。
转化类型
例词
例句
动词转化为名词
try
Let me have a try.
swim
We stooped there for a swim.
名词转化为动词
book
Have you booked your ticket?
chair
Who chaired the meeting?
形容词转化为动词
slow
The train slowed down to half its speed.
narrow
This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them.
形容词转化为名词
dear
He is a dear. (他是个讨人喜欢的孩子)
final
They’ re running in the final.
注意:有些词可以词形不变用作另一类词,但重音发生改变。较常见的是一些双音节词,作动词时重音在后, 作名词时重音在前。
例词
动词含义(重音在后)
名词含义(重音在前)
conduct
指挥,导电 /kənˈdʌkt/
行为 /ˈkɒndʌkt/
contest
竞争 /kənˈtest/
比赛 /ˈkɒntest/
contrast
形成对比 /kənˈtrɑːst/
对比 /ˈkɒntrɑːst/
digest
消化/daɪˈdʒest/
摘要,文摘/ˈdaɪdʒest/
export
输出,出口/ɪk'spɔːt/
出口/'ekspɔːt/
import
进口,输入/ɪmˈpɔːt/
进口 /ˈɪmpɔːt/
increase
增加 /ɪnˈkriːs/
增加 /ˈɪŋkriːs/
permit
准许,允许/pəˈmɪt/
许可证/ˈpɜːmɪt/
present
赠送,上演/prɪˈzent/
礼物,目前/ˈpreznt/
produce
生产 /prəˈdjuːs/
农产品 /ˈprɒdjuːs/
protest
抗议 /prəˈtest/
抗议 /ˈprəʊtest/
record
记录,录音/rɪˈkɔːd/
记录,唱片/ˈrekɔːd/
survey
勘查,考察 /səˈveɪ/
勘查,考察/ˈsɜːveɪ/
suspect
怀疑,疑心/səˈspekt/
嫌疑犯,有嫌疑的人 /ˈsʌspekt/
transport
运输,运送/trænˈspɔːt/
运输/ˈtrænspɔːt/
小试牛刀:
一、词形变化专项:
1.silent— ________ (名词)
2.silent — ________ (副词)
3.strict — ________ (副词)
4.postman — ________ (复数)
5.touch — ________ (形容词)
6.serve — ________ (名词)
7.absent — ________ (名词)
8.absent — ________ (反义词)
9.carry — ________ (单三) — ________ (过去时态)
10.memory — ________ (复数) — ________ (动词)
11.grow — ________ (名词)
12.hide — ________ (过去式)
13.care — ________ (形容词) — ________ (副词)
14.hug — ________ (现在分词) — ________ (过去式)
15.loud — ________ (副词)
【解析】
1. silent沉默的,形容词,对应的名词为silence沉默,无声”,故填silence。
2. silent沉默的,形容词,对应的副词为silently“默默地”,故填silently。
3. strict严格的,形容词,对应的副词为strictly“严格地”,故填strictly。
4. postman邮递员,名词,对应的复数为postmen,故填postmen。
5. touch触摸,动词,对应的形容词为touched“感动的”或者touching“令人感动的”,故填touched/touching。
6. serve服务,动词,对应的名词为service“服务,招待”,故填service。
7. absent缺席的,形容词,对应的名词为absence“缺席”,故填absence。
8. absent缺席的,形容词,对应的反义词为present“出席的,存在的”,形容词,故填present。
9. carry搬、抬,动词,对应的第三人称单数形式为:carries,过去式为carried,故填carries;carried.
10. memory记忆,名词,对应的复数为memories,动词形式为memorize“记住”,故填memories;memorize。
11. grow种植,成长,动词,对应的名词为growth“生长”,故填growth。
12. hide藏,动词,其过去式为hid,故填hid。
13. care在乎,关心,动词,对应的形容词为careful“认真的”,副词形式为carefully“认真地”,故填careful;carefully。
14. hug拥抱,动词,对应的现在分词为hugging,对应的过去式为hugged,故填hugging;hugged.
15. loud大声的,形容词,对应的副词为loudly“大声地”,故填loudly。
单句语法填空
1.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognise). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以去购物而不被认出来。空处应填名词作介词without的宾语,recognition为不可数名词,故填recognition。
2.The (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他脸上坚定的表情表明他对自己有足够的信心。此处修饰人的表情,应用-ed结尾形容词,描述人的感情和状态,determined look表示“坚定的表情”。故填determined。
3.There are so many people with guns these days; it’s really . (fright)
【答案】frightening
【详解】考查形容词。句意:现在有那么多人携带枪支;这真的很可怕。此处缺少形容词作表语,修饰物用ing结尾的形容词,故填frightening。
4.You can depend on him to come on time--- he is very . (rely)
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你可以相信他会准时来——他很可靠。此处缺少形容词作表语,reliable表示“可靠的”,故填reliable。
5.Dealing with such a tough situation taught me that one (fail) could only make me stronger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】failure
【详解】考查名词。句意:面对如此艰难的处境让我明白,一次失败只会让我变得更强大。分析句子可知,此空应填可数名词单数作主语,failure,表“失败”,为可数名词。故填failure。
6.Hosting the Winter Olympic Games can ( strength) the friendship among people from different countries. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意:举办冬奥会可以加强各国人民之间的友谊。分析句子可知,此空应填动词作谓语,strengthen,表“加强”,为动词,在本句中作谓语,且情态动词后应用动词原形。故填strengthen。
7.Most shoemakers now produce (fashion) shoes in order to compete in the market. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】fashionable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:大多数鞋匠现在生产时尚的鞋子,以便在市场上竞争。分析句子可知,此空应填形容词作定语,修饰后面名词,fashionable,表“流行的,时髦的”,为形容词,符合句意。故填fashionable。
8.This makes commercial space travel an awkward issue not just (domestic), but abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】domestically
【详解】考查副词。句意:这使得商业太空旅行不仅在国内,而且在国外都是一个棘手的问题。分析句子可知,此空应填副词domestically作状语,修饰句子。故填domestically。
9.An organization doesn't grow if you don’t have a (vision) leader to take you into the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】visionary
【详解】考查形容词。句意:如果你没有一个有远见的领导者带领你走向未来,一个组织就不会成长。分析句子可知,此空应填形容词作定语,修饰后面名词,visionary,表“有远见的”,为形容词,符合句意。故填visionary。
10. (visible) was down to about 100 meters in the fog. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Visibility
【详解】考查名词。句意:大雾中能见度降至约100米。分析句子可知,此空应填名词作主语,visibility,表“能见度”,为不可数名词,符合句意,且句首时首字母应大写。故填Visibility。
11.Every morning he tried to do exercises to (strong) his leg muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意:每天早上他都试着做运动来增强腿部肌肉。此处是不定式作目的状语,不定式符号to后应接动词原形,所给词strong是形容词,其动词形式是strengthen,意为“增强;加强”,符合语境,故填strengthen。
12.A (determine) person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意:一个有决心的人总是努力完成工作,不管它有多难。名词 person前用形容词修饰。修饰人,一般用-ed形式形容词。形容词determined,表示“坚定的;坚决的”之意,符合句意。故填determined。
13.I’m looking forward to visiting some tourist (attract) when I have extra money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】attractions
【详解】考查名词。句意:当我有闲钱的时候,我期待着去参观一些旅游景点。作宾语,应用名词attraction,结合some可知为复数。故填attractions。
14.Children who never gained their parents’ (approve) tend to suffer from a lack of confidence. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】approval
【详解】考查名词。句意:从未得到父母认可的孩子往往缺乏自信。提示词作宾语,用名词approval,意为“认可”,不可数名词。故填approval。
15.While staying in Beijing, he made the (good) of his spare time to know more of Chinese literature. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】best
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:在北京期间,他充分利用业余时间,更多地了解中国文学。此空位于the之后,提示词为形容词good,所以此处为最高级形式,固定短语make the best of意为“充分利用”符合句意。故填best。
16.In natural outdoor lighting, it can (automatic) complete visual identification and fueling without manual intervention. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】automatically
【详解】考查副词。句意:在自然户外照明下,它可以自动完成视觉识别和加油,无需人工干预。提示词修饰动词complete,用副词automatically作状语,意为“自动地”,符合题意。故填automatically。
17.Jack speak English very (fluent) as if he were an Englishman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】fluently
【详解】考查副词。句意:杰克英语说得很流利,好像他是英国人似的。空处修饰动词speak,需用副词fluently,作状语。故填fluently。
18.As a native of Fengcheng, I have a great (prefer) for hot pepper. The hotter, the better. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:作为一个凤城人,我非常喜欢辣椒。越辣越好。空处需要名词作宾语,prefer的名词形式为preference“偏爱”。have a preference for意为“偏爱……”。故填preference。
19.It is said that Newton’s strong (curious) about a fallen apple on his head led to the discovery of the law of gravity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】curiosity
【详解】考查名词。句意:据说牛顿对落到头上的苹果的强烈好奇心导致了万有引力定律的发现。根据空句意和提示词可知,此处应填名词curiosity,意为“好奇心”,作that引导的主语从句的主语。故填curiosity。
20.Evidence points to hunting by humans and habitat (destroy) as the likely causes for the current mass extinction. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】destruction
【详解】考查名词。句意:有证据表明,人类的狩猎和栖息地的破坏是当前大规模灭绝的可能原因。设空处与hunting并列作介词to的宾语,应用名词形式,故填destruction。
21.People under the age of 40 constitute the (major) of the labour force. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】majority
【详解】考查名词。句意:40岁以下的人构成了劳动力的主体。设空处应填名词形式,构成固定短语the majority of意为“……的大部分”。故填majority。
22.His (determine) looks suggested that he wouldn’t change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他坚定的表情告诉我们他是不会改变主意的。作定语,修饰后面的名词look,应用形容词determined,表示“坚定的”。故填determined。
23.Thanks to recent research, (effect) treatments are available. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意:由于最近的研究,有效的治疗方法是可用的。修饰名词treatments应用形容词effective作定语。故填effective。
24.She got a headache if she had to read for any (long) of time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】length
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果她需要长时间阅读,她就会头痛。此处为名词作宾语,long的名词为length意为“(持续)时间的长短”,且为不可数名词。故填length。
25.The little boy gave his all in the game, playing without (hesitate) even when he was injured. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】hesitation
【详解】考查名词。句意:小男孩在比赛中全力以赴,即使受伤也毫不犹豫地打球。分析句子可知,“without”为介词,空格处应用名词,作宾语,“hesitate”意为“犹豫的”,形容词词性,对应的名词为“hesitation”,意为“犹豫”,为不可数名词。故填hesitation。
26.It is (convenient) to have a meeting during lunchtime when everyone is busy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】inconvenient
【详解】考查形容词。句意:午餐时间大家都很忙,开会很不方便。分析句子可知,“is”后应用形容词,作表语,午餐时间大家都很忙,所以开会很不方便,空格处应用“convenient”的反义词“inconvenient”,意为“不方便的”,形容词词性。故填inconvenient。
27.Though the government has taken many measures, the train service is still (frequent) delayed due to bad weather. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】frequently
【详解】考查副词。句意:尽管政府采取了许多措施,但由于天气恶劣,列车服务仍经常延误。修饰动词delayed应用副词frequently“经常”,作状语。故填frequently。
28.People often have different opinions on some hot issues, so it is impossible to make (assume) about people's reactions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】assumptions
【详解】考查名词。句意:人们常常对一些热点问题有不同意见,因此不可能对人们的反应做出假设。设空处应填名词作宾语,assume的名词是assumption,因此处为泛指,使用复数形式。故填assumptions。
29.Violin is a (string) instrument which produces a particularly beautiful and vibrant (充满活力的) tone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stringed
【详解】考查形容词。句意:小提琴是一种弦乐器,它能发出特别优美而充满活力的音调。空处作修饰instrument的定语,string的形容词形式stringed符合题意,意为“有弦的”,stringed instrument意为“弦乐器”。故填stringed。
30.A (conduct) is someone who stands in front of a group of musicians or singers and directs their playing or singing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】conductor
【详解】考查名词。句意:指挥是站在一群音乐家或歌手面前指挥他们演奏或演唱的人。根据句意和空格前的不定冠词a可知,空格处应该用单数名词conductor作主语。故填conductor。
31.Listening to more music can (able) people to improve their aesthetic (审美的) ability. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】enable
【详解】考查动词。句意:多听音乐可以提高人们的审美能力。空格处是谓语动词,根据句意和空格前的can可知,空格处应该用动词原形enable作谓语。故填enable。
32.I was so impressed by the band’s (perform) that I want to listen to it again. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】performance
【详解】考查名词。句意:乐队的表演给我留下了深刻的印象,我想再听一遍。空处作by的宾语,结合“listen to it”可知,perform的名词形式performance符合题意,意为“表演”,句中表示乐队的一场具体表演,用单数形式。故填performance。
33.At around 11 a. m, the tomato trucks make their (enter) and stop in the town centre. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】entrance
【详解】考查名词。句意:大约上午11点,运西红柿的卡车进入镇中心。根据空格前的形容词性物主代词their可知,此处应用名词形式,make one's entrance是固定搭配,意为“走进来、进入”,故填entrance.
34.The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its (permanent). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】permanence
【详解】考查名词。句意:文学的第三个特点是它的持久性,它来自于前两个特点。作表语,结合形容词性物主代词its可知应用名词permanence,不可数。故填permanence。
35.Realizing small goals will also give you (encourage) to achieve your long-term goal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】encouragement
【详解】考查名词。句意:实现小目标也会鼓励你实现长期目标。空处作宾语,应填名词encouragement“鼓励”,用作不可数名词,故填encouragement。
36.Of (equality)importance are good habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】equal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:同样重要的是良好的习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作定语,修饰名词importance,equality的形容词形式为equal. 故填equal.
37.Some people looking difficult to get along with are (actual) friendly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】actually
【详解】考查副词。句意:有些看起来很难相处的人实际上很友好。空处作状语修饰形容词friendly,应填副词形式actually“实际上”,故填actually。
38.The girl was (frighten) when a dog was running after her on her way home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】frightened
【详解】考查形容词。句意:在回家的路上,那条狗追着女孩,把她吓坏了。空处应填形容词作表语,表示人的感受,应用-ed结尾的形容词frightened,表示“感到害怕的”。故填frightened。
39.Compared with other countries, the (unique) of traditional Chinese culture lies in its long historical background. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】uniqueness
【详解】考查名词。句意:与其他国家相比,中国传统文化的独特性在于其悠久的历史背景。作主语,用名词uniqueness,不可数。故填uniqueness。
40.You’d better make a detailed (arrange) in advance before you travel abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】arrangement
【详解】考查名词。句意:在你出国旅行之前,你最好提前做一个详细的安排。分析句子可知,设空处应用名词作宾语,arrange的名词形式是arrangement,冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填arrangement。
41.After graduating from college, he found a job and ended his (depend) on his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dependence
【详解】考查名词。句意:大学毕业后,他找到了一份工作,不再依赖父母。此处缺少名词作动词ended的宾语,depend的名词是dependence,是不可数名词,意为“依赖”。故填dependence。
42.To her great (disappoint), it rained on the day of the picnic. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】disappointment
【详解】考查名词。句意:令她非常失望的是,野餐那天下雨了。本空作介词To的宾语,应用名词disappointment“失望”。故填disappointment。
43. (employ) provides not just a livelihood, but also a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Employment
【详解】考查名词。句意:工作不仅提供了生计,还提供了人生的使命感和成就感。空处应填名词作主语,employment“就业,工作”,抽象名词不可数,首字母应大写,故填Employment。
44.Do you mean you were in complete (ignore) of the fact? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】ignorance
【详解】考查名词。句意:你是说你完全不知道这件事吗?空处作in的宾语,被complete修饰,应用ignore的名词形式ignorance,意为“无知”,是不可数名词,短语in ignorance of意为“不知道,不了解”。故填ignorance。
45.As for your parents, you should make an (apologise) to them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】apology
【详解】考查名词。句意:至于你的父母,你应该向他们道歉。空处作make的宾语,应用apologise的名词形式apology,意为“道歉”,且空前有不定冠词an,apology应用单数形式,短语make an apology to sb.意为“向某人道歉”。故填apology。
46.No one will put a figure on the final cost of this (reconstruct). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】reconstruction
【详解】考查名词。句意:没有人会给出这次重建的最终费用。介词of后接名词作宾语。reconstruct的名词形式为reconstruction,表示“重建”之意。故填reconstruction。
47.This new suggestion is a distinct improvement from the one I (original) made. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】originally
【详解】考查副词。句意:这个新建议比我最初提出的有了明显改进。此处为副词修饰动词made,original的副词为originally表示“最初地”符合句意。故填originally。
48.Luckily he was just (slight) injured in the traffic accident. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】slightly
【详解】考查副词。句意:幸运的是,他在交通事故中只是受了轻伤。分析句子可知,设空处修饰形容词injured,应用副词作状语,slight“轻微的”是形容词,其副词形式是slightly。故填slightly。
49.Comparing the two photographs, I could hardly tell the (differ) between the twins. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】difference
【详解】考查名词。句意:比较这两张照片,我几乎分辨不出这对双胞胎之间的差别。此处为名词作宾语,differ的名词difference,意为“差异”,tell the difference between...“分辨出……之间的差别”。故填difference。
50.The problem with computer games is that they are (addict). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】addictive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:电脑游戏的问题是它们容易上瘾。空处作表语,描述主语they的性质,addict的形容词形式addictive符合题意,意为“使人成瘾的”。故填addictive。
一、语法填空
1.It’s (polite) to speak loudly in public. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】impolite
【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意:在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。分析可知,所填应是形容词作表语。结合句意“to speak loudly in public(在公共场合大声讲话)”可知,这里应是“不礼貌的”。“polite”,形容词,意为“礼貌的”,其反义词为“impolite(不礼貌的;粗鲁的)”。故填impolite。
2.The delay in delivery has put us to great (convenience). (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】inconvenience
【详解】考查名词。句意:发货的延迟给我们带来了很大的不便。根据句意“发货延迟”会导致“不便”。根据形容词修饰名词,空前为形容词great,所以空处用名词作宾语。所以convenience 便利 变为 inconvenience 不便利。故填inconvenience.
3.He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】professional
【详解】考查名词。句意:他作为职业球员只踢了两年足球。根据句意和as a可知,此处应用其派生名词professional“专业人员”的单数形式作as的宾语。故填professional。
4.If one is late for a job interview, it is (likely) that he will get the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】unlikely
【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意:如果一个人面试迟到,他就不太可能得到工作。由If one is late for a job interview(如果一个人面试迟到)可知,如果一个人面试迟到,他就不太可能得到工作,因此空格处为“不可能的”,is后跟形容词作表语,“不可能的”的形容词为unlikely,故填unlikely。
5.Most people here are (willing) to give up their cars. They don’t want to use buses instead. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】unwilling
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这里的大多数人都不愿意放弃他们的汽车。相反他们不想乘公共汽车。 根据语境 “They don’t want to use buses”可知,前半句应意思为“大多数人不愿意放弃他们自己的车”;willing意思为“愿意的”,“不愿意的”是其否定词,前面加前缀un-,应是unwilling。故填unwilling。
6.The first bubbles to escape from the liquid are a (mix)of air and hydrogen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】mixture
【详解】考查名词。句意:首先从液体中逸出的气泡是空气和氢气的混合物。根据上文a可知应填单数名词mixture,表示“混合物”。故填mixture。
7.It is (legal) to employ someone under the age of sixteen. (所给单词适当形式填空)
【答案】illegal
【详解】考查形容词。句意:雇用16岁以下的人是违法的。根据背景知识,“employ someone under the age of sixteen(雇佣16岁以下的人)”应该是违法的;legal是“合法的”,应加否定前缀il-, 构成形容词illegal,意思为“非法的”。故填illegal。
8.Some comedians tell jokes about the way people (behavior). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】behave
【详解】考查定语从句的时态。句意:一些喜剧演员以人们的行为举止为题材讲笑话。the way是先行词,后面是定语从句,people后面少谓语,故用所给词的动词形式,由主句中的tell(一般现在时)再结合语境可知从句部分也用一般现在时,主语people,指人们,结合主谓一致可知,故填behave。
9.Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】invisible
【详解】考查形容词。句意:太阳系外的许多恒星不用望远镜是看不见的。由句意可知,此处应用visible的反义词invisible(看不见的),形容词作表语。故填invisible。
10.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street (entertain). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查词性转换。句意:在卖礼物的各种商店里一边闲逛,一边欣赏现场音乐秀和漂亮的街头娱乐。根据句中的show,可知此空填名词。故答案为entertainment。
二、阅读理解
Are you looking forward to English Week? Do you know what exciting activities we will have next week? Keep reading.
A Play for English Week
Several hundred years ago, in a far, far away village, there lived a group of foxes that could speak people’s language. And they had unusual power to help anyone realize a dream. One day, a girl arrived at the village by accident. The story happened…
Time: 2:30 p. m.﹣3:30 p. m. on Monday
3:00 p. m.﹣4:00 p. m. on Thursday
Place: The hall at our school
Notice: Latecomers can’t enter until a break in the show.
Treasure Hunt
This week we will give you a big surprise. From 9:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. on Tuesday, the treasures hidden on the second floor of the school library are waiting for you to hunt.
You can’t miss it.
Memory King
Do you have a good memory? Come to the first floor of the library and challenge yourself.
Rules:
Attend the game alone.
Remember as many words as possible in one minute.
Time: 2:00 p. m.﹣3:30 p. m. on Wednesday
1.What special power did the foxes have in the English play?
A.They come from a beautiful village. B.They can help anybody achieve a dream.
C.They can live for several hundred years. D.They can make friends with kids.
2.What will happen to the latecomers?
A.They can’t watch the play. B.They have to act in the play.
C.They can enter during the break. D.They will have to watch the second play.
3.Where are the treasures?
A.At the school hall. B.On the playground.
C.On the first floor of the school library. D.On the second floor of the school library.
4.Which of the following can take part in Memory King?
A.Remember something quickly. B.Go there with a friend.
C.Get to second floor of the library. D.Go there on Monday.
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英语周的一些活动,包括英语剧、寻宝和记忆王活动,说明了活动的时间、地点和相关规则。
1.细节理解题。根据A Play for English Week部分中“Several hundred years ago, in a far, far away village, there lived a group of foxes that could speak people’s language. And they had unusual power to help anyone realize a dream.(几百年前,在一个非常遥远的村庄里,住着一群会说人类语言的狐狸。它们拥有不寻常的能力来帮助任何人实现梦想)”可知,英语剧中的狐狸拥有帮助任何人实现梦想的特殊能力。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据A Play for English Week部分中“Notice: Latecomers can’t enter until a break in the show.(注意:迟到者在演出休息时才能入场)”可知,迟到者在演出休息时才能进入。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据Treasure Hunt部分中“From 9:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. on Tuesday, the treasures hidden on the second floor of the school library are waiting for you to hunt.(周二上午9点到11点,藏在学校图书馆二楼的宝藏正等着你们去寻找)”可知,宝藏在学校图书馆的二楼。故选D项。
4.细节理解题。根据Memory King部分中“Do you have a good memory? Come to the first floor of the library and challenge yourself. (你记忆力好吗? 来图书馆一楼挑战一下自己)”以及“Remember as many words as possible in one minute.(在一分钟内尽可能多地记住单词)”可知,参加“记忆王”活动需要快速记住东西。故选A项。
重难词汇词块清单
词汇 / 词块
词性
中文释义
treasure hunt
n.
寻宝
memory king
n.
记忆王
latecomer
n.
迟到者
challenge
v.
挑战
alone
adv.
独自地
长难句分析
原句:From 9:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. on Tuesday, the treasures hidden on the second floor of the school library are waiting for you to hunt.
译文:周二上午 9 点到 11 点,藏在学校图书馆二楼的宝藏正等着你们去寻找。
分析:本句是简单句。“From 9:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. on Tuesday” 为时间状语,“the treasures hidden on the second floor of the school library” 为主语,其中 “hidden on the second floor of the school library” 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 “the treasures”,“are waiting for you to hunt” 为谓语和宾语。
中文翻译
你期待英语周吗?你知道下周我们将有什么令人兴奋的活动吗?继续阅读。
英语周的一出戏剧
几百年前,在一个非常遥远的村庄里,住着一群会说人类语言的狐狸。它们拥有不寻常的能力来帮助任何人实现梦想。有一天,一个女孩偶然来到了这个村庄。故事发生了……
时间:周一下午 2:30 - 3:30,周四下午 3:00 - 4:00
地点:我们学校的礼堂
注意:迟到者在演出休息时才能入场。
寻宝
这周我们将给你一个大惊喜。周二上午 9 点到 11 点,藏在学校图书馆二楼的宝藏正等着你们去寻找。你不能错过。
记忆王
你记忆力好吗?来图书馆一楼挑战一下自己。
规则:
独自参加比赛。
在一分钟内尽可能多地记住单词。
时间:周三下午 2:00 - 3:30
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$$
衔接点15 构词法知识与词形词性转化(初高衔接点及差异)
初中阶段
高中阶段
初中阶段,掌握基础构词规则,如以派生法(加前缀 / 后缀)为主;了解少量合成词和转化法。其次,能识别常见派生词的词性和词义。侧重基础词性转换规则,能根据句子结构判断词性并正确变形。
高中阶段,掌握更多前缀后缀;理解构词逻辑;分析复杂合成词的结构;理解一词多性的语境逻辑;通过构词法推测生词词义。总之,高中需拓展构词法复杂度,强调语境中词形词性的多维度转化规则。
衔接指引
初中阶段考查形式:侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用,多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。
高中阶段考查形式:注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解,更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。
【初中考点聚焦】
基础规则与单句应用
· 词汇变形题(单句填空):
例:She speaks English ______ (clear). (答案:clearly,形容词变副词)
例:The ______ (care) boy made many mistakes. (答案:careless,“粗心的”)
· 核心考点:
常见后缀的词性对应(如 - ful→形,-ly→副,-tion→名);
规则变形中的拼写注意(如辅音字母双写:big→bigger→biggest)。
【高中考点聚焦】
课标解读
语境推断与综合运用
· 阅读理解中的词义猜测:
例:通过 “non-”(非)+“verbal”(言语的)推断 “non-verbal communication” 为 “非语言交流”。
语法填空:
例:The ______ (introduce) of new technology improved productivity. (答案:introduction,动词变名词)
· 写作中的词汇升级:
要求:用 “significance”(名词,重要性)替代 “be important”。
· 核心考点:
复杂派生词的词义逻辑(如否定前缀 + 词根 + 后缀:un+reason+able→unreasonable);
合成词的结构分析(如 “over+work→overwork” 过度工作);
词性转化在长难句中的功能(如动名词作主语:Reading improves vocabulary)。
考点清单
一、合成法
合成是指把两个不同词类的词加在一起构成一个新词,它可以是形容词,也可以是名词或其他词类。
英语中常见的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词、合成动词和合成副词,其中以合成形容词最为活跃。
(1)合成形容词通常有以下常见的构词方法:
构成方法
例词
形容词+名词+ed
noble-minded高尚的
good-tempered好脾气的
形容词+现在分词
good-looking好看的
easy-going随和的
副词+现在分词
hard-working勤劳的
far-reaching深远的
名词+现在分词
peace-loving热爱和平的
record-breaking破记录的
名词+过去分词
man-made人造的
heartbroken心碎的
副词+过去分词
well-known著名的
widespread广泛流传的
形容词+名词
large-scale大规模的
high-class高级的
数词+名词+ed
three-legged三条腿的
five-starred五颗星的
名词+形容词
duty-free免税的
homesick想家的
(2)合成名词通常有以下常见的构词方法:
构成方式
例词
名词+名词
silkworm蚕
snowman雪人
形容词+名词
nobleman贵族
green-hand新手
动名词+名词
waiting-room候车室
sleeping-pills安眠药
动词+名词
pickpocket扒手
cross-roads十字路口
名词+动名词
handwriting书法
sun-bathing目光浴
动词+副词
get-together聚会
breakthrough突破
副词+动词
downfall垮台
outbreak爆发
(3)合成动词通常有以下常见的构词方法:
构成方式
例词
副词+动词
overthrow 推翻
undervalue 低估
形容词+动词
ill-treat虐待
quick-charge快速充电
名词+动词
typewrite 打字
sleepwalk梦游
(4)合成副词通常有以下常见的构词方法:
构成方式
例词
介词+名词
upstairs楼上;outdoors户外;underfoot 脚下
形容词+名词
hotfoot 匆忙地
形容词+副词
anywhere 任何地方
小试牛刀:
一、请从Ⅰ框和Ⅱ框中分别选择一个单词来组成新的单词。
Ⅰ basket, black, green, home, super Ⅱ house, ball, work, market, board
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
二、单项选择
1.After living in the countryside for ten years, the ________ writer finished a book on how to live a long and healthy life.
A.86-year old B.86-year-old C.86 years’old D.86-years-old2.Which of the following words is formed the same way as “wartime”?
A.suggestion B.bookworm C.accountant D.carelessness
3.Which word is formed the same way as the word “bookworm”?
A.handbag B.pronunciation C.impatient D.achievement
4.Background is a compound word. Which of the following words is formed in the same way?
A.carelessness B.agreement C.discovery D.wartime
5.Canada is mainly an ________ country.
A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken
6.Which of the following is also a compound word like “homework”?
A.meaning B.incorrect C.bookshop D.direction
7.They want to build a _________ bridge over the river.
A.2-kilometers-long B.2 kilometers-long C.2-kilometer-long D.2-kilometer long
8.—You should write a ________ passage in the English exam.
—I think it’s not difficult for us to write ________ if you try your best.
A.70 words; 70 words B.70-word; 70 words
C.70-word; 70-word D.70 words; 70-word
2、 派生法
派生的构成往往是通过词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的词汇。我们可以用不同的后缀来构成名词、形容词、动词、副词和数词等。一般来说,给一个词加上前缀,通常用词性不变,而改变词义,如fair(adj.公平的)-unfair(adj. 不公平的);给一个词加一后缀,通常词义不变,而改变词性,如invent(v.发明)-invention(n. 发明)。
1.后缀
1)名词后缀:
-able, ible (构成形容词) 意为:可…的;能…的; 应…的
e.g. calculable (能计算的);taxable (应纳税的);adaptable (能适应的);visible (看得见的)
-ability, ibility (构成名词).
e.g. capability (能力); responsibility (责任);
-al (构成形容词或名词) 意为:与…有关的; 表示过程或状态
e.g. magical (魔术的);physical (物理的);survival (幸存);arrival (到达);refusal (拒绝)
-an, -ian (构成形容词或名词) 意为:来自;有…特征; 专长于…的人,…专家
e.g. Brazilian (巴西人);Egyptian (埃及人);mathematician (数学家);politician (政治家);
historian (历史学家);musician (音乐家);physician (内科医生);magician (魔术师)
-arian (构成名词) 意为:…派(主义)的人
e.g. humanitarian (人道主义者);vegetarian (素食者);librarian (图书馆管理员)
-ance, -ence (构成名词) 意为:表示行动或状况。
e.g. assistance (帮助);appearance (出现);brilliance (才华);perseverance (毅力)
confidence (信心); excellence (优秀)
-ee (构成名词) 意为:受动者;称为…的人。
e.g. employee (雇员);interviewee (接受面试者);trainee (受训者);absentee (缺席者);refugee (难民)
-er, -or (构成名词) 意为:做某事的人;用于做某事的器械。
e.g. actor(演员);inventor(发明家);translator(译者);foreigner (外国人); astronomer (天文学家);computer (计算机);calculator (计算器);accelerator (加速器)
-ar (构成名词) 意为:做某事的人。
e.g. liar (说谎的人);scholar (学者);pedlar (流动小贩)
-hood (构成名词) 意为:…时期;…状态。
e.g. childhood (儿童时期);parenthood (父母身份);likelihood (可能性)
-ion, -ition, -ation, ism (构成名词) 意为:行为;状态;结果
e.g. completion(完成);repetition (重复);liberation (解放);criticism (批评)
-ist (构成名词和形容词) 意为:…专家;从事…的人; 显示某政治信仰的
e.g. dentist (牙医);pianist (钢琴家;钢琴弹奏者);novelist (小说家);socialist (社会主义的)
-y (构成形容词和名词)意为:…的;表示“性质或行为”;表示人或物;表示“小…”
e.g. worthy (有价值的;值得的);snowy (下雪的); greedy (贪婪的);modesty (谦虚);
lefty (左撇子);fatty (胖人); piggy (小猪); kitty (小猫咪); puppy (小狗); bunny (小兔子)
-ity, -ty (构成名词) 意为:…性质;…状态。
e.g. purity(纯净);certainty (确定性)
-ment (构成名词) 意为:做某事的动作、动作的实施者或结果。
e.g. government (政府);replacement (替代);development (发展)
-ness (用于把形容词变成名词) 意为:…的性质(或状态、特点)
e.g. dryness (干燥);blindness (失明);silliness (愚蠢);sadness (悲伤)
-ology (构成名词) 意为:学科;科目.
e.g. geology (地质学);sociology (社会学);psychology (心理学);physiology (生理学)
-ship (构成名词) 意为:状态;性质;资格;职位;技能;全体成员
e.g. ownership (所有制);friendship(友谊);citizenship(公民资格);professorship(教授资
格);membership(会员资格;全体会员)
-sion, -ssion (构成名词) 意为:行为;状态;结果。
e.g. confusion (困惑);permission (许可)
-ure (构成名词) 意为:行为;结果。
e.g. exposure (暴露); failure (失败); closure (关闭)
2)动词后缀:
-en (构成动词或形容词) 意为:使;使成为;变得;由…制成(构成)的。
e.g. sadden(使悲伤);blacken (使变黑);wooden (木制的);golden (金的)
-ify, -fy (构成动词) 意为:使得;变成。
e.g. purify (净化);solidify (使凝固);clarify (澄清)
-ize (美式), -ise (英式) (构成动词) 意为:使;使…化。
e.g. privatize (私有化);modernize (使…现代化);organize (组织);apologize (道歉)
3)形容词后缀:
-ant, -ent (构成形容词和名词) 意为:是/做…的;…的人。
e.g. expectant (期待的);pleasant (令人愉快的);servant (仆人);inhabitant (居民);resident (居民)
-ful (构成形容词) 意为:充满…的;有…性质(或倾向)。
e.g. sorrowful (悲伤的);painful (痛苦的);forgetful (健忘的);cheerful (高兴的)
-ic, -ical (构成形容词),意为:…的;与…有关的。
e.g. scenic (风景优美的);economic (经济的);historic (具有历史意义的);historical (历史的)
-ish (构成形容词) 意为:…国家的;有…性质的;像…似的;有点…的
e.g. British (英国的);Turkish (土耳其的);childish (孩子气的);reddish (略呈红色的)
-ive (构成形容词) 意为:与…有关的;具有…性质的;有…倾向的。
e..g. creative (创造性的);descriptive (描述的)
-less (构成形容词) 意为:没有,无。
e.g. treeless(没有树木的);meaningless (无意义的)
-like (构成形容词) 意为:类似…的;有…特征的。
e.g. childlike (孩子般的);lifelike (生动的)
-ly (构成形容词) 意为:举止像…的;有…态度的。
e.g. friendly (有好的);scholarly(学者型的);lovely (可爱的)
-ous, -ious (构成形容词) 意为:具有…的;有…特性的。
e.g. dangerous (危险的);spacious (宽敞的);poisonous (有毒的);mountainous (多山的)
-some (构成形容词) 意为:引起 (易于) …的。
e.g. quarrelsome (爱争吵的);troublesome (令人讨厌的);tiresome (厌倦的)
-ward (构成形容词) 意为:向…的。
e.g. backward (向后的);eastward (向东的)
-y (构成形容词) 意为:充满…的;有…特性的;有…倾向的。
e.g. dusty (积满灰尘的);hairy (多毛的);sticky (黏性的);messy (乱糟糟的)
4)副词后缀:
-ly (构成副词) 意为:以…方式。
e.g. happily (高兴地);stupidly (愚蠢地)
-ward (英式) , -wards (美式) (构成副词), 意为:向…的。
e.g. onward (向前);forward (向前);upward (向上)
2.前缀
anti- (构成名词或形容词) 意为:反;反对; 防止
e.g. antipollution (防止污染);antirust (防锈的); antisocial (反社会的);antimatter (反物质) ; Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争;antianxiety 抗焦虑的;antibacterial 抗菌的
auto- (构成名词、形容词和副词) 意为:自己(的); 本身(的); 无人操作(的)
e.g. autobiography (自传);automatic (自动的);autosave (n.& v. 自动保存)
autocriticism (自我检讨);automatic pilot 自动驾驶仪
co- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:①一起;共同;联合 ②同事,伙伴,副
e.g. co-produced (合作生产的);cooperate (合作v. );cooperatively (合作地);
co-author (合著者); coexist (共存v.);coauthor(合著者);copilot (飞机副驾驶员)
dis- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:不;非;相反;相对
e.g. dishonest (不诚实);disagreeably (不合意地);disadvantage (不利条件);disappear (消失)
dislike (v.& n.不喜欢);disable (v.使无能;使残疾); disclose (v.使显露;揭露;泄露);
discomfort (v.& n.不舒服;使人不舒服);discontinue (v. 停止,中断);
disorder (n. 杂乱,混乱);dishonorable (a. 不光彩的,可耻的);dispraise (贬低;诋毁)
en- (构成动词) 意为:使处于…状态;使(成为)
e.g. endanger (使遭危险);enlarge (扩大);enrich (丰富);enable (使…能够);
in-; il-; im-; ir- (构成形容词、副词和名词) 意为:不;非;相反的
e.g. infinite (无限的);inactive (不活跃的);inadequate (不足的;不充分的);
illegible (难辨认的);illogical (不合逻辑的);illegal (非法的);immorally (不道德地);immature (不成熟的;幼稚的);immortal (不朽的;永生的) ; irrelevance(不相关);
irregular (不规则的); irresponsible (不负责任的)
inter- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:在…之间;相互
e.g. interaction (相互作用);international (国际的);interchange (交换;互换); interpersonal (人际关系的;人际的)
mini- (构成名词)意为:小的;短的
e.g. miniskirt(迷你裙,超短裙);minibus (小巴士);minicam (小型摄像机)
mis- (构成动词和名词) 意为:坏(或错)的
e.g. misbehavior (行为不端);misunderstand (误解);mislead (误导);misuse (误用;滥用;虐待)
multi- (构成名词和形容词) 意为:多个;许多
e.g. multicoloured (多色彩的);multimedia (多媒体的);multifunctional (多功能的);multinational (跨国的; 跨国公司)
non-[nɒn] (构成形容词、副词和名词) 意为:无;没有
e.g. nonsense (废话);non-stop (直达的); non-fiction (纪实文学);non-smoker (不吸烟的人); non-standard(不标准的)
out- (构成动词、名词和形容词) 意为:超越;超过;在外面;向外
e.g. outnumber (在数量上超过);outgrow (长得比…快);outsmart (比…更聪明);
outdoor (户外的);outward (外面的;向外的)
over- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词), 意为:太;过于;上面;外面
e.g. over-production (生产过剩);overload (超载);overconfident (过分自信); overcoat (大衣);overhead (在头上方ad.& a. )
post- (构成动词、名词和形容词) 意为:后;以后
e.g. postgraduate (研究生);post-war (战后的);post-reading (读后活动)
pre- (构成动词、名词和形容词) 意为:先于;在…前
e.g. preheat (预热);pre-war (战前的);precaution (预防)
re- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:又;再;重新
e.g. reapply (再申请);reappear (再次出现);retell (复述);rewrite (重写;改写)
semi- (构成形容词和名词) 意为:半;部分
e.g. semicircular (半圆形的); semi-final (半决赛);semicivilized (半文明的,半开化的);
semiconductor (半导体);
sub- (构成名词和形容词) 意为:在…以下;少于;低于;次于;亚于; 分支;分部
e.g. subtropical (亚热带的);substandard (低于标准的);sub-zero (零度以下的);
subdivision (再分割;分支,分部)
super- (构成形容词、副词和名词) 意为:极;超;超级
e.g. super-rich (极富有的);superhuman (超出常人的);superhero (超级英雄)
supersonically 超音速地
tele- (构成形容词、副词、名词和动词) 意为:远距离的;远的;电视的;通过电话的
e.g. telescope (望远镜);teletext (图文电视);telesales (电话销售);teleconference (电话会议)
trans- (构成形容词)意为:横跨;通过;超越;表示“变化”或“转移”
e.g. transcontinental (横跨大陆的);transnational (跨越国界的);transplant (移植);
transform (转变)
un- (构成形容词、副词和名词) 意为: 不;未;非;反;构成动词表示相反的过程
e.g. unable(不能的);unconsciously (无意识地);untruth (谬误);unlock (开锁)
under-(构成名词和形容词) 意为:在下面;在…下面;次于,低于;不足;未
e.g. underground (地下的;地铁);undergraduate (大学生);underdeveloped(不发达的);
underestimate (低估);undercooked (未煮熟的)
小试牛刀:
一、词性转换
词性转换默写。请根据提示完成下面表格
原词
词性/中文
英文
词性/中文
英文
1. introduce (v.)
(n.) 介绍
1. __
___________
_________
2. celebrate (v.)
(n.) 庆祝
2.
___________
_________
3. relative (n.)
(n.) 关系
3.
___________
_________
4. old (adj.)
(adj.) 年长的
4.
___________
_________
5. prepare (v.)
(n.) 准备
5.
(adj.) 准备的
6.
6. decorate (v.)
(n.) 装修,装饰
7.
___________
_________
7. surprised (adj.)
(adj.) 令人惊讶的
8.
(n.) 惊讶,惊叹
9.
8. excited (adj.)
(adj.) 令人兴奋的
10.
(n.) 兴奋
11.
9. joy (n.)
(v.) 享受
12.
___________
_________
二、单项选择
1.Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “im-”?
A.polite B.patient C.active D.possible
2.We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite meaning.
A.polite B.active C.correct D.pleasant
3.Which of the following words has a prefix “in-” to make it have an opposite meaning?
A.active B.lucky C.able D.important
4.Which of the following suffixes is used to form a noun?
A.-tion B.-less C.-ful D.-ly
5.Which of the following words can’t be added with a prefix (前缀) “im-”?
A.polite B.patient C.active D.possible
三、转化法
转化是指单词由一个词类转变成另一个词类,但其基本意思不变。
转化类型
例词
例句
动词转化为名词
try
Let me have a try.
swim
We stooped there for a swim.
名词转化为动词
book
Have you booked your ticket?
chair
Who chaired the meeting?
形容词转化为动词
slow
The train slowed down to half its speed.
narrow
This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them.
形容词转化为名词
dear
He is a dear. (他是个讨人喜欢的孩子)
final
They’ re running in the final.
注意:有些词可以词形不变用作另一类词,但重音发生改变。较常见的是一些双音节词,作动词时重音在后, 作名词时重音在前。
例词
动词含义(重音在后)
名词含义(重音在前)
conduct
指挥,导电 /kənˈdʌkt/
行为 /ˈkɒndʌkt/
contest
竞争 /kənˈtest/
比赛 /ˈkɒntest/
contrast
形成对比 /kənˈtrɑːst/
对比 /ˈkɒntrɑːst/
digest
消化/daɪˈdʒest/
摘要,文摘/ˈdaɪdʒest/
export
输出,出口/ɪk'spɔːt/
出口/'ekspɔːt/
import
进口,输入/ɪmˈpɔːt/
进口 /ˈɪmpɔːt/
increase
增加 /ɪnˈkriːs/
增加 /ˈɪŋkriːs/
permit
准许,允许/pəˈmɪt/
许可证/ˈpɜːmɪt/
present
赠送,上演/prɪˈzent/
礼物,目前/ˈpreznt/
produce
生产 /prəˈdjuːs/
农产品 /ˈprɒdjuːs/
protest
抗议 /prəˈtest/
抗议 /ˈprəʊtest/
record
记录,录音/rɪˈkɔːd/
记录,唱片/ˈrekɔːd/
survey
勘查,考察 /səˈveɪ/
勘查,考察/ˈsɜːveɪ/
suspect
怀疑,疑心/səˈspekt/
嫌疑犯,有嫌疑的人 /ˈsʌspekt/
transport
运输,运送/trænˈspɔːt/
运输/ˈtrænspɔːt/
小试牛刀:
一、词形变化专项:
1.silent— ________ (名词)
2.silent — ________ (副词)
3.strict — ________ (副词)
4.postman — ________ (复数)
5.touch — ________ (形容词)
6.serve — ________ (名词)
7.absent — ________ (名词)
8.absent — ________ (反义词)
9.carry — ________ (单三) — ________ (过去时态)
10.memory — ________ (复数) — ________ (动词)
11.grow — ________ (名词)
12.hide — ________ (过去式)
13.care — ________ (形容词) — ________ (副词)
14.hug — ________ (现在分词) — ________ (过去式)
15.loud — ________ (副词)
单句语法填空
1.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognise). (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.The (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.(所给词的适当形式填空)
3.There are so many people with guns these days; it’s really . (fright)
4.You can depend on him to come on time--- he is very . (rely)
5.Dealing with such a tough situation taught me that one (fail) could only make me stronger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.Hosting the Winter Olympic Games can ( strength) the friendship among people from different countries. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.Most shoemakers now produce (fashion) shoes in order to compete in the market. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8.This makes commercial space travel an awkward issue not just (domestic), but abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.An organization doesn't grow if you don’t have a (vision) leader to take you into the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10. (visible) was down to about 100 meters in the fog. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.Every morning he tried to do exercises to (strong) his leg muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12.A (determine) person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13.I’m looking forward to visiting some tourist (attract) when I have extra money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14.Children who never gained their parents’ (approve) tend to suffer from a lack of confidence. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15.While staying in Beijing, he made the (good) of his spare time to know more of Chinese literature. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16.In natural outdoor lighting, it can (automatic) complete visual identification and fueling without manual intervention. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17.Jack speak English very (fluent) as if he were an Englishman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18.As a native of Fengcheng, I have a great (prefer) for hot pepper. The hotter, the better. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19.It is said that Newton’s strong (curious) about a fallen apple on his head led to the discovery of the law of gravity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20.Evidence points to hunting by humans and habitat (destroy) as the likely causes for the current mass extinction. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21.People under the age of 40 constitute the (major) of the labour force. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22.His (determine) looks suggested that he wouldn’t change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23.Thanks to recent research, (effect) treatments are available. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24.She got a headache if she had to read for any (long) of time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25.The little boy gave his all in the game, playing without (hesitate) even when he was injured. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26.It is (convenient) to have a meeting during lunchtime when everyone is busy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27.Though the government has taken many measures, the train service is still (frequent) delayed due to bad weather. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28.People often have different opinions on some hot issues, so it is impossible to make (assume) about people's reactions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29.Violin is a (string) instrument which produces a particularly beautiful and vibrant (充满活力的) tone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30.A (conduct) is someone who stands in front of a group of musicians or singers and directs their playing or singing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
31.Listening to more music can (able) people to improve their aesthetic (审美的) ability. (所给词的适当形式填空)
32.I was so impressed by the band’s (perform) that I want to listen to it again. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33.At around 11 a. m, the tomato trucks make their (enter) and stop in the town centre. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34.The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its (permanent). (所给词的适当形式填空)
35.Realizing small goals will also give you (encourage) to achieve your long-term goal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36.Of (equality)importance are good habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37.Some people looking difficult to get along with are (actual) friendly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38.The girl was (frighten) when a dog was running after her on her way home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39.Compared with other countries, the (unique) of traditional Chinese culture lies in its long historical background. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40.You’d better make a detailed (arrange) in advance before you travel abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41.After graduating from college, he found a job and ended his (depend) on his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42.To her great (disappoint), it rained on the day of the picnic. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43. (employ) provides not just a livelihood, but also a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
44.Do you mean you were in complete (ignore) of the fact? (所给词的适当形式填空)
45.As for your parents, you should make an (apologise) to them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
46.No one will put a figure on the final cost of this (reconstruct). (所给词的适当形式填空)
47.This new suggestion is a distinct improvement from the one I (original) made. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48.Luckily he was just (slight) injured in the traffic accident. (所给词的适当形式填空)
49.Comparing the two photographs, I could hardly tell the (differ) between the twins. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50.The problem with computer games is that they are (addict). (所给词的适当形式填空)
一、语法填空
1.It’s (polite) to speak loudly in public. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2.The delay in delivery has put us to great (convenience). (用所给词的适当形式填空)
3.He has only been playing football as a (profession) for two years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.If one is late for a job interview, it is (likely) that he will get the job. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.Most people here are (willing) to give up their cars. They don’t want to use buses instead. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6.The first bubbles to escape from the liquid are a (mix)of air and hydrogen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7.It is (legal) to employ someone under the age of sixteen. (所给单词适当形式填空)
8.Some comedians tell jokes about the way people (behavior). (所给词的适当形式填空)
9.Many stars, which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street (entertain). (所给词的适当形式填空)
二、阅读理解
Are you looking forward to English Week? Do you know what exciting activities we will have next week? Keep reading.
A Play for English Week
Several hundred years ago, in a far, far away village, there lived a group of foxes that could speak people’s language. And they had unusual power to help anyone realize a dream. One day, a girl arrived at the village by accident. The story happened…
Time: 2:30 p. m.﹣3:30 p. m. on Monday
3:00 p. m.﹣4:00 p. m. on Thursday
Place: The hall at our school
Notice: Latecomers can’t enter until a break in the show.
Treasure Hunt
This week we will give you a big surprise. From 9:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. on Tuesday, the treasures hidden on the second floor of the school library are waiting for you to hunt.
You can’t miss it.
Memory King
Do you have a good memory? Come to the first floor of the library and challenge yourself.
Rules:
Attend the game alone.
Remember as many words as possible in one minute.
Time: 2:00 p. m.﹣3:30 p. m. on Wednesday
1.What special power did the foxes have in the English play?
A.They come from a beautiful village. B.They can help anybody achieve a dream.
C.They can live for several hundred years. D.They can make friends with kids.
2.What will happen to the latecomers?
A.They can’t watch the play. B.They have to act in the play.
C.They can enter during the break. D.They will have to watch the second play.
3.Where are the treasures?
A.At the school hall. B.On the playground.
C.On the first floor of the school library. D.On the second floor of the school library.
4.Which of the following can take part in Memory King?
A.Remember something quickly. B.Go there with a friend.
C.Get to second floor of the library. D.Go there on Monday.
重难词汇词块清单
词汇 / 词块
词性
中文释义
treasure hunt
n.
寻宝
memory king
n.
记忆王
latecomer
n.
迟到者
challenge
v.
挑战
alone
adv.
独自地
长难句分析
原句:From 9:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. on Tuesday, the treasures hidden on the second floor of the school library are waiting for you to hunt.
译文:周二上午 9 点到 11 点,藏在学校图书馆二楼的宝藏正等着你们去寻找。
分析:本句是简单句。“From 9:00 a. m. to 11:00 a. m. on Tuesday” 为时间状语,“the treasures hidden on the second floor of the school library” 为主语,其中 “hidden on the second floor of the school library” 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 “the treasures”,“are waiting for you to hunt” 为谓语和宾语。
中文翻译
你期待英语周吗?你知道下周我们将有什么令人兴奋的活动吗?继续阅读。
英语周的一出戏剧
几百年前,在一个非常遥远的村庄里,住着一群会说人类语言的狐狸。它们拥有不寻常的能力来帮助任何人实现梦想。有一天,一个女孩偶然来到了这个村庄。故事发生了……
时间:周一下午 2:30 - 3:30,周四下午 3:00 - 4:00
地点:我们学校的礼堂
注意:迟到者在演出休息时才能入场。
寻宝
这周我们将给你一个大惊喜。周二上午 9 点到 11 点,藏在学校图书馆二楼的宝藏正等着你们去寻找。你不能错过。
记忆王
你记忆力好吗?来图书馆一楼挑战一下自己。
规则:
独自参加比赛。
在一分钟内尽可能多地记住单词。
时间:周三下午 2:00 - 3:30
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