专题08 语法知识之句子成分-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025-06-12
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2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题08 语法知识之句子成分 一、句子成分的定义与分类 句子成分是指组成句子的各个部分,它们在句子中各司其职,共同传达完整的语义。英语句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,除此之外,同位语也是英语中重要的句子成分。 (一)主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,是句子的核心,通常是动作的执行者或描述的对象。例句: Tom is a good student.(汤姆是个好学生。) She goes to school by bike.(她骑自行车去上学。) Five is my lucky number.(五是我的幸运数字。) To see is to believe.(眼见为实。) 1.名词作主语:若为可数名词复数形式,在句子中表示多个对象。例如: The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。) The books are on the desk.(这些书在桌子上。) 2.代词作主语:人称代词作主语时,有主格形式,如 I(我)、you(你 / 你们)、he(他)、she(她)、it(它)、we(我们)、they(他们 / 她们 / 它们)。例如: He likes playing football.(他喜欢踢足球。) 3.数词作主语:基数词、序数词等都可作主语。例如: Two plus three is five.(二加三等于五。) The first is better.(第一个更好。) 4.不定式作主语:由 “to + 动词原形” 构成,无形态变化。例如: To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要。) (二)谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征,是句子中非常关键的部分,体现主语的行为或存在方式。谓语动词有人称(第一人称、第二人称、第三人称)和数(单数、复数)的变化,以及时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等)、语态(主动语态、被动语态)和语气(陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气等)的变化。例句: They study hard at school.(他们在学校努力学习。) The cat runs very fast.(这只猫跑得很快。) We visited our grandparents last week.(我们上周看望了祖父母。) 1.一般现在时:当主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it 等)时,动词一般加 -s 或 -es。例如:He plays basketball every day.(他每天打篮球。)而当主语为其他人称时,动词用原形。例如: I play football on weekends.(我周末踢足球。) 2.一般过去时:动词用过去式,规则动词一般在词尾加 -ed,如 work - worked;不规则动词需特殊记忆,如 go - went,do - did。例如: She went to the park yesterday.(她昨天去了公园。) (三)表语 表语是谓语的一部分,位于系动词(如 be 动词、感官动词 look 看起来、sound 听起来、taste 尝起来、smell 闻起来、feel 感觉等)之后,说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态。例句: Her sister is a nurse.(她姐姐是一名护士。) The soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味。) He is here now.(他现在在这里。) The pen is in my bag.(钢笔在我的包里。) 1.名词作表语:例如: My father is a doctor.(我父亲是一名医生。) 2.形容词作表语:例如: The flower is beautiful.(这朵花很漂亮。) 3.副词作表语:如 here(在这里)、there(在那里)等。例如: The book is there.(书在那里。) 4.介词短语作表语:如 in the room(在房间里)、on the desk(在桌子上)等。例如: The keys are on the table.(钥匙在桌子上。) (四)宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,一个指人(间接宾语),一个指物(直接宾语)。例句: We love our country.(我们热爱我们的国家。) She sees him every day.(她每天都见到他。) Pass me the book, please.(请把书递给我。) He decides to go to the zoo.(他决定去动物园。) 1.名词作宾语:一般无形态变化,若为可数名词复数形式,与主语的动作相对应。例如:I like apples.(我喜欢苹果。) 2.代词作宾语:人称代词作宾语时,用宾格形式,如 me(我)、you(你 / 你们)、him(他)、her(她)、it(它)、us(我们)、them(他们 / 她们 / 它们)。例如: He helps me with my homework.(他帮助我做家庭作业。) 3.数词作宾语:例如:Give me two.(给我两个。) 4.不定式作宾语:例如:I want to buy a new bike.(我想买一辆新自行车。) (五)宾语补足语 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况,使句子的意思更加完整。它与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。例句: The teacher asks us to be quiet.(老师要求我们保持安静。) We found the story very interesting.(我们发现这个故事很有趣。) The boss made the workers work long hours.(老板让工人们长时间工作。) 1.形容词作宾补:例如:We make our classroom clean.(我们使我们的教室干净。) 2.名词作宾补:例如:They elected him monitor.(他们选他当班长。) 3.不带 to 的不定式作宾补:在某些使役动词(如 make 使、let 让、have 使)和感官动词(如 see 看见、hear 听见、watch 观看、notice 注意到)后,作宾补的不定式不带 to 。例如: I saw him play basketball on the playground.(我看见他在操场上打篮球。) (六)定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语,用来限定、描述名词或代词的特征、性质、所属等。例句: There is a tall tree in front of the house.(房子前面有一棵大树。) These are her toys.(这些是她的玩具。) I have three pencils.(我有三支铅笔。) The boy in a red coat is my brother.(穿红色外套的男孩是我的弟弟。) 1.形容词作定语:一般放在被修饰词前面,无形态变化。例如:a beautiful girl(一个漂亮的女孩) 2.代词作定语:如 my(我的)、your(你的 / 你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的)。例如:my book(我的书) 数词作定语:如 one(一个)、two(两个)等。例如:two apples(两个苹果) 3.介词短语作定语:放在被修饰词后面。例如:the book on the desk(桌子上的书) (七)状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分叫做状语,用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度等。例句: They play football in the afternoon.(他们下午踢足球。) She lives in Beijing.(她住在北京。) Because it rained, we didn't go to the park.(因为下雨了,我们没去公园。) He gets up early to catch the first bus.(他早早起床为了赶上第一班公交车。) 1.副词作状语:无形态变化。例如:He runs fast.(他跑得快。) 2.介词短语作状语:如 in the morning(在早上)、at school(在学校)、by bike(骑自行车)等。例如:She goes to school by bike.(她骑自行车去上学。) 3.不定式作状语:通常表示目的。例如:To get good grades, we should study hard.(为了取得好成绩,我们应该努力学习。) (八)同位语 同位语是对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分。同位语通常紧跟在它所解释的名词或代词之后。例句: My sister, Lucy, is a teacher.(我的姐姐,露西,是一名教师。) They all went to the park.(他们所有人都去了公园。)(“all” 是 “They” 的同位语。) I have no idea when he will come back.(我不知道他什么时候回来。)(“when he will come back” 是 “idea” 的同位语从句,解释 “idea” 的内容。) 1.名词作同位语:一般无形态变化。例如:My friend Tom is a good student.(我的朋友汤姆是个好学生。)这里 “Tom” 是 “My friend” 的同位语,对 “朋友” 进行具体说明。 2.代词作同位语:如 We students should study hard.(我们学生应该努力学习。)“students” 是 “We” 的同位语,强调 “我们” 的身份是学生 。 数词作同位语:例如:You two stay here.(你们两个待在这儿。)“two” 是 “You” 的同位语,明确 “you” 所指的人数。 3.从句作同位语:即同位语从句,对前面的名词进行解释说明,通常由 that 引导(在同位语从句中 that 不充当成分,但不能省略),也可由 whether,what,who 等词引导。例如: The news that we won the game is true.(我们赢得比赛的这个消息是真的。)“that we won the game” 是 “The news” 的同位语从句,解释 “消息” 的具体内容。 4.常见位置 紧跟在被解释的名词或代词后:如上述例句 “My friend Tom is a good student.” 和 “We students should study hard.”。 用逗号与被解释的名词或代词隔开:当同位语较长或为了强调时,会采用这种形式。例如:This is Mr. Smith, a famous scientist.(这是史密斯先生,一位著名的科学家。) 5.与其他成分的区别:同位语与定语不同,定语是对名词或代词进行修饰限定,而同位语是对名词或代词进行解释说明,与被解释的词在语法上处于同等地位。例如:a beautiful girl(“beautiful” 是定语,修饰 “girl”,描述 “女孩” 的特征);My friend Lily(“Lily” 是同位语,说明 “friend” 具体是谁) 。 二、常用短语结构中的句子成分 (一)动词短语 1.ask sb. to do sth.(要求某人做某事) 例句:The teacher asks us to read English every day.(老师要求我们每天读英语。) 句子成分分析:“The teacher” 是主语,“asks” 是谓语,“us” 是宾语,“to read English every day” 是宾语补足语。 2.tell sb. to do sth.(告诉某人做某事) 例句:My mother tells me to go to bed early.(妈妈告诉我早点睡觉。) 句子成分分析:“My mother” 是主语,“tells” 是谓语,“me” 是宾语,“to go to bed early” 是宾语补足语。 3.want sb. to do sth.(想要某人做某事) 例句:I want you to help me with my math.(我希望你帮我学数学。) 句子成分分析:“I” 是主语,“want” 是谓语,“you” 是宾语,“to help me with my math” 是宾语补足语。 (二)介词短语 1.in the morning/afternoon/evening(在早上 / 下午 / 晚上) 例句:We have breakfast in the morning.(我们早上吃早餐。) 句子成分分析:“We” 是主语,“have” 是谓语,“breakfast” 是宾语,“in the morning” 是时间状语。 2.at school(在学校) 例句:The students study hard at school.(学生们在学校努力学习。) 句子成分分析:“The students” 是主语,“study” 是谓语,“hard” 是状语,“at school” 是地点状语。 3.by bike/bus/car(骑自行车 / 乘公交车 / 坐汽车) 例句:He goes to work by bike.(他骑自行车去上班。) 句子成分分析:“He” 是主语,“goes” 是谓语,“to work” 是状语,“by bike” 是方式状语。 (三)其他短语 1.It's time to do sth.(是做某事的时候了) 例句:It's time to have lunch.(是吃午饭的时候了。) 句子成分分析:“It” 是形式主语,真正的主语是 “to have lunch”,“is” 是谓语,“time” 是表语。 2.There be...(有……) 例句:There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。) 句子成分分析:“There” 是引导词,无实际意义,“is” 是谓语,“a book” 是主语,“on the desk” 是地点状语。 一、单项选择 1.I think the most popular program is Running Man. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语 2.There is a post office across from the park. A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.定语 3.It’s important to practice speaking English every day. A.主语 B.表语 C.定语 D.宾语 4.There ________ in the next room. A.is Tom B.are some boys C.are they D.is the boy 5.Ann has a cute cat. ________ color is brown. ________ my favorite pet. A.Its, It’s B.It’s, Its C.It’s, It’s D.Its, Its 6.—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A.woman teachers, clothes shops B.women teachers, clothes shops C.woman teachers, sport shops D.women teachers, vegetables shops 7.—Look at these pictures. What's this? —I think _______ a cat. A./ B.is C.its D.it's 8.We hope you ________ our school tomorrow afternoon. A.visits B.visiting C.to visit D.can visit 9.Tom, ________ his father, ________ playing football. A.like; likes B.likes; likes C.likes; like D.like; like 10.I hope you _______ the Music Club. A.joining B.to join C.joins D.can join 11.Sandy is tall and slim. She ________ long hair. Her brother is a boy ________ short black hair. A.has; has B.has; with C.is; with D.with; has 12.In my mind, solar stickers really ________ in our daily life. A.important B.matter C.useful D.good 13.The boy _________ big glasses is Daniel. He often _________ in a blue shirt. A.wears; wears B.wears; in C.with; in D.with; wears 14.Tom cleans his bedroom once a week. A.状语 B.谓语 C.定语 D.宾语 15.You have to climb the stones with both your hands and feet. A.宾语 B.主语 C.表语 D.谓语 16.The city looked wonderful from the top of the hill. A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语 17.After a short rest, I felt much better. A.间接宾语 B.定语 C.直接宾语 D.表语 18.Scott seems happy that the winter vacation is coming. A.宾语 B.定语 C.表语 D.状语 19.-How amazing the noodle is! -Yes, it is ________, and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle. A.1704-meter-long B.1704-meters-long C.1704 meter long D.1704 meters long 20.He is still ________ at midnight. A.work B.works C.at work D.at working 21.She often helps Tom with his English. A.真正主语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.谓语 22.She should take her temperature. A.谓语 B.宾语 C.表语 D.状语 23.—Can I help you, dear? —Yeah. I don’t know ________ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me. A.what to do B.when to make C.how to make D.why to do 24.—Will the box be _____________? —Maybe, but someone will help me. A.too heavy for you to carry B.too heavy for you to carry it C.so heavy for you to carry it D.so heavy for you to carry 25. —What’s this in English? —It’s . A.P-E-N B.His pen C.a pen D.an pen 26.Miss Gu teaches ______ English this term. We love ______ very much.. A.our, he B.us, she C.our, him D.us, her 27.Lily likes listening to music. It ______ her ______ relaxed. A.makes; feels B.makes; to feel C.makes; feel D.make; feel 28.I have a toy car and my little brother took ________. Can you help ________ it for me? A.apart it; fix B.it apart; fix C.it apart; fixing D.apart it; to fix 29.Mom often asks me to do chores. A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语 30.Dentists can make people’s teeth . A.good B.feeling better C.well D.better 31.Simon saw some boys_______ basketball when he was running in the playground. A.playing B.played C.were playing D.to play 32.Tom saw a policeman ______ after a thief in the street this morning. A.running B.run C.to run D.ran 33.The white shirt makes Mr. Wu ________ young. A.looks B.look at C.look D.looks at 34.—__________ inviting them __________ Beijing opera in the local theatre? —Sounds great! A. How about; enjoying B.Shall we; to enjoy C.What about; to enjoy D.Let’s; enjoy 35.The ________ boy doesn’t like geography class because it’s ________ for him. A.11 years old; boring B.11-year-old; difficult C.11-years-old; interesting D.11 year old; useful 36.My sister is a girl ________long hair. A.has B.have C.with D.is 37.He is a ________ boy and lives next to me. A.five years old B.five year old C.five-years-old D.five-year-old 38.—Who is your good friend? —The boy ________. A.is in blue B.in blue C.in a blue pants D.wears blue pants 39.Nobody can predict (预测) what will happen ________. So enjoy your life. A.in the future B.in the past C.now D.yesterday 40.I lived in this house all my life. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.宾语 41.Scott usually gets up early and is never late for work. A.主语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语 42.Come and visit our school ________. A.two times B.no time C.next time D.at next time 43.We have lived here _________. A.for 20 years ago B.since 20 years C.20 years ago D.since we moved here 44.Mrs Green is a teacher. She works ________. A.in a factory B.at a hospital C.at a hotel D.in a school 45.—What ________ did your teacher give? —To read English for ten minutes ________. A.advise; every day B.advice; everyday C.advise; everyday D.advice; every day 46.I fell in love with him ________. A.a long time B.a long C.long time D.a long time ago 47.I cleaned my classroom ________. A.with three hours B.three hours ago C.in three hours D.three hours before 48.Jack will _______ be an astronaut in 8 years’ time. A.possible B.possibly C.impossible D.possibility 49.—How long does it take you? —The ________ takes me half an hour. A.ride bus B.bus ride C.rides bus D.buses' ride 50.—Who cleaned the room? —It _______ Linda. A.be B.may C.maybe D.may be 二、完形填空 根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个能正确填入相应空格内的最佳答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Do you laugh every day? Scientists say people laugh about 17 times a day. Most people 51 that. It’s not special. In some countries, there are hundreds of laughter (笑声) clubs. Members often go there 52 the morning. First they put their hands on their heads. Then they 53 to laugh. Soon everyone laughs. People say they feel good after laughing 54 in the laughter clubs. That’s good for your health. For one 55 laughter is good exercise. Scientists say one hundred laughs is 56 ten minutes (分钟) of running. This helps you feel like you are playing 57 . That’s also good for you. So, 58 do we laugh? It is a good question to answer. We know it’s good for us. But do you know people laugh more often in a group (群体)? Laughter helps us feel part of a group 59 we can also make more friends. Remember to laugh in 60 life. Enjoy laughing now! 51.A.send B.wear C.do D.read 52.A.at B.in C.on D.for 53.A.start B.mark C.email D.write 54.A.outside B.only C.soon D.together 55.A.reason B.color C.subject D.duty 56.A.different from B.interested in C.similar to D.good at 57.A.sports B.chess C.magic D.music 58.A.where B.why C.how D.when 59.A.but B.so C.because D.and 60.A.his B.her C.our D.their 三、阅读理解 ①Coming to a new school can be difficult. For example, having no friend, meeting new teachers or worrying about the food. Here are some tips (建议) to help you to fit (融入) in. ②Spend a day to know your school. You can’t fit in at school because you don’t know the school well. You need a school map. Try to get to know every corner of your new school. A good school map can help a lot. But to make it easy, ask the people around you, you can say, “Excuse me, I’m new here, and how can I get to the gym?” ③Make friends. Talk to different people. Take a chance (机会) to join clubs or sports teams and make more friends in this way. Share what you think with others. ④Be nice and be yourself. Be nice to everyone. Because they might just be your next teacher or friend after a little while. Be yourself. Don’t think too much about what people think of you. So be yourself when you know exactly you’re right. Do it just as your mind. ⑤The beginning of the new term is always hard. But work hard to fit in while being yourself, you’ll soon fit it. 61.How does the writer support (支持) his idea in Paragraph 1? A.By listing numbers. B.By asking questions. C.By giving some tips. D.By giving examples. 62.How can you make it easy to know your new school? A.Read a good school map. B.Know every corner of the school. C.Ask the people for help. D.Spend a day to know the school. 63.What’s the structure (结构) of the passage (文章)? (①=Paragraph 1        ②=Paragraph 2, ...) A.①//②③④//⑤ B.①③④//⑤ C.①//②③④⑤ D.①②③//④//⑤ 64.What does “be yourself ” mean (意思是) in Paragraph 4? A.share your ideas with others B.don’t change your idea C.be nice to everyone D.think about other people 65.What’s the best title (标题) for this passage? A.How to Make Friends at School B.How to Fit in at a New School C.How to Be Yourself at School D.How to Know a New School 参考答案 一、 1.A 【解析】句意:我认为最受欢迎的节目是《奔跑吧,兄弟》。 考查句子结构。该句是宾语从句,I主句主语;think主句谓语,the most popular program从句主语;is从句系动词;Running Man从句表语。故选A。 2.B 【解析】句意:公园对面有一个邮局。 考查句子成分。There be句型的主语是名词或名词性短语,a post office“一个邮局”为名词性短语,故在句中作主语。故选B。 3.A 【解析】句意:每天练习说英语很重要。 考查句子成分。分析句子可知,it为句子的形式主语,真正的主语是后面的to do不定式。故选A。 4.B 【解析】句意:在隔壁房间里有一些男孩。 考查there be句型。there be句型表示某处存在某物或者某人。there be 句型是为了引出第一次出现的人或者物,所以它的主语往往不能是特指的名词,人名,人称代词主格,故排除A、B、D项,故选A。 5.A 【解析】句意:Ann有一个可爱的猫,它的颜色是棕色的,它是我最喜欢的宠物。 考查人称代词的用法。Its “它的”,形容词性物主代词;It’s它是,主格和be动词。第一空后跟名词color“颜色”,故用形容词性物主代词,排除BC;第二空缺少主语和谓语,it指代猫,作主语,is是系动词,表示“它是我最喜欢的宠物”,故用it’s。故选A。 6.B 【解析】句意:——女教师喜欢去服装店吗?——我不知道。 考查名词作定语和名词的数。woman teacher:女老师,复数是women teachers,当man或woman作定语修饰名词,变为复数时,man或woman与后面的名词同时变为复数,可知排除A和C;clothes shops:服装店;sports shops:体育用品店;vegetable shops:蔬菜店;可知D中的vegetables shops表达错误;故选B。 7.D 【解析】句意:——看这些图片,这是什么?——我认为它是一只猫。 is是;its它的;it’s是it is的缩写,它是……。本句缺少主语和谓语,故选D。 8.D 【解析】句意:我们希望你明天下午能来我们学校参观。 考查谓语。hope后接to do作宾语或接宾语从句,无hope sb. to do sth.的用法,排除C项;此句为宾语从句,从句缺谓语,排除B项;主语you是第二人称,排除A项;D项可作该句的谓语,且可与“tomorrow afternoon”连用。故选D。 9.A 【解析】句意:汤姆像他父亲一样,喜欢踢足球。 考查like的用法。like作动词时,意为“喜欢”;作介词时,意为“像……一样”。分析题干可知,第一空意为“像……一样”,所以此空应用介词like;第二空是此句的谓语,应用动词作谓语,主语Tom表示单数,所以此空应选第三人称单数形式likes。故选A。 10.D 【解析】句意:我希望你能加入音乐俱乐部。 考查谓语动词。根据空前“hope you”可知句子是宾语从句,从句缺少谓语动词,主语是you,谓语动词不能用单三,故排除ABC。故选D。 11.B 【解析】句意:桑迪又高又瘦。她有一头长发。她哥哥是一个留着黑色短发的男孩。 考查动词和介词。has有;is是;with有着。根据“She...long hair.”可知,句子缺少谓语,空处应是实义动词has;根据“Her brother is a boy...short black hair.”可知,句子已有be动词“is”,此处指一个留着黑色短发的男孩,空处应是介词with“有着”,介词短语作后置定语,修饰“boy”。故选B。 12.B 【解析】句意:在我看来,太阳能贴纸在我们的日常生活中真的很重要。 考查词汇辨析。important重要的;matter要紧,事关紧要;useful有用的;good好的。根据“In my mind, solar stickers really ... in our daily life.”可知,此句缺少谓语动词,选项中只有B选项是动词,其他三项是形容词。故选B。 13.D 【解析】句意:戴大眼镜的男孩是丹尼尔。他常常穿蓝色的T恤。 考查介词和动词。wear穿戴,在句中常作谓语成分;in介词,“in+颜色”可以表示“穿着某种颜色的衣服”;with介词,可以表示“带有、具有”。根据is可知,第一句话中已经有谓语成分,应用with glass“戴眼镜的”作后置定语修饰boy,排除A、B;第二句缺少谓语,应使用实义动词wears来充当谓语成分,排除C。故选D。 14.B 【解析】句意:汤姆每周打扫一次他的卧室。 考查句子成分。句子中Tom是主语,cleans打扫,是谓语动词,his bedroom他的卧室,作谓语动词的宾语,once a week频率副词。故选B。 15.D 【解析】句意:你必须手脚并用爬到石头上。 考查句子成分。分析该句子结构可知,You是主语,have to climb是谓语,the stones是宾语,with both your hands and feet是状语。故选D。 16.B 【解析】句意:从山顶上看,这座城市美极了。 考查句子成分。划线词“wonderful”为形容词,在系动词“looked”的后面,与“the city”构成“主-系-表”结构。故选B。 17.D 【解析】句意:稍作休息后,我感觉好多了。 考查句子成分。这里“felt”是系动词,后接形容词“better”作表语,描述主语“I”的状态或特征,因此“much better”作表语。故选D。 18.C 【解析】句意:Scott 对于寒假即将到来感到高兴。 考查句子成分。根据“Scott seems happy”可知,Scott为主语,seems为系动词,happy为表语。故选C。 19.D 【解析】句意:——多么神奇的面条!——是的,它有1704米长,打破了世界纪录成为最长的手工面条。 考查名词短语。 1.“数词+名词(单数)+形容词”构成复合形容词,复合形容词主要用来作定语,并且只作前置定语,例如:an eight- year-old boy/a ten-metre-tall tree;2.数词+名词(单数或复数)+形容词:是名词短语,在句子中做表语,例如,The boy is ten years old。本句做表语,可知填名词短语1704 meters long;故选D。 20.C 【解析】句意:午夜时分他还在工作。 考查介词短语。work工作(名词/动词);works工作,动词的三单形式;at work在工作,介词短语;at working错误表达。句中已有谓语动词,所以排除B;空处在句中作表语,work不合语境,故选C。 21.B 【解析】句意:她经常在英语方面帮助汤姆。 考查句子结构。She是主语;often经常,作状语;helps是动词,作谓语;Tom是人名;with在……方面;his English作介词with的宾语。故选B。 22.B 【解析】句意:她应该量一下体温。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,这句话是“主谓宾”结构,代词“She”作主语,“should take”构成谓语,“her temperature”构成宾语。故选B。 23.C 【解析】句意:——我能帮助你吗?亲爱的。——可以。我不知道如何做香蕉奶昔。也许你能够教我。 考查宾语。what to do做什么;when to make何时做;how to make怎样做;why to do为何做。根据后文“Maybe you can teach me”可知是不知道做的方式,应该用how,故选C。 24.A 【解析】句意:——这个箱子会不会太重,你搬不动?——也许吧,但是有人会帮我的。 考查固定搭配。too+形容词+to do,表示“太……而不能……”;so+形容词/副词+that从句,表示“如此……以至于……”,故排除C、D两项。动词carry的逻辑宾语是前面的主语“the box”,故此处carry后不接宾语。故选A。 25.C 【解析】试题分析:句意:——这个用英语怎么说?——它是pen。 pen是以辅音音素[p]开头,其前用不定冠词a。故选C。 考点:考查名词。 26.D 【解析】句意:顾老师这个学期教我们英语,我们都非常喜欢她。 考查代词。Teach sb sth 跟双宾语,第一空用宾格us;love后跟宾语,用her。选D。 27.C 【解析】句意:莉莉喜欢听音乐。这让她感到放松。 考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。根据“It…her…relaxed.”可知,此句时态为一般现在时,主语It是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用动词的第三人称单数形式,排除D选项;make sb./sth. do sth.“使某人/某物做某事”,动词短语,排除A、B选项。故选C。 28.B 【解析】句意:我有一辆玩具车,我弟弟把它拆开了。你能帮我安装上吗? 考查动词短语及非谓语动词。take apart“把……拆开”,apart是副词,后面跟代词宾格时,代词要放在动词和副词之间,因此第一空it要放在took和apart之间,排除A项和D项;第二空根据help sb (to)do sth可知,空处填fix或to fix;结合选项可知B项符合。故选B。 29.C 【解析】句意:妈妈经常让我做家务。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知,这句话是“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。名词Mom作主语,副词often作状语,修饰asks;动词asks作谓语,代词宾格me作宾语,to do chores是不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 30.D 【解析】句意:牙医能让人们的牙齿更好。 考查make的固定用法。make+sb./sth.+宾语补足语。宾语补足语一般由名词、形容词、动词原形或过去分词充当。B项为现在分词短语,C项为副词,所以可排除B、C两项。A. good意为“好的”,形容词。D. better意为“更好的”,good的比较级形式。better使句意更通顺,更能“体现医生的职能”。故选D。 【点睛】make后接宾语补足语的几种情况 1、名词作宾语补足语:They made him captain.(他们选他当队长。) 2、形容词作宾语补足语:The movie made me sad.(那部电影使我悲伤。) 3、动词原形作宾语补足语:He made me repeat it.(他让我重述一遍。) 4、过去分词作宾语补足语:When I first came to New York, I had a lot of trouble making myself understood.(我刚到纽约时,想让人听懂我的话很困难。) 31.A 【解析】句意:西蒙在操场上跑步时看到一些男孩在打篮球。 考查现在分词作宾补。playing动词现在分词;played动词过去式/过去分词;were playing过去进行时;to play动词不定式。分析句子可知,此处表示“西蒙在操场上跑步时看到一些男孩在打篮球”的含义,构成see sb doing sth结构,此处playing作句中的宾语补足语,故选A。 32.A 【解析】句意:汤姆今早在街上看见一个警察正追着一个小偷跑。 考查现在分词作宾补。running动名词;run动词原形;to run动词不定式;ran动词过去式。分析句子可知,此处构成see sb doing sth结构,表示“看到某人正在做某事”,故选A。 【点睛】注意区分: see/hear sb do sth表示“看见某人做某事(全过程)” 例句:I heard him close the door. see/hear sb doing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事(正在做)” 例句:I heard someone crying in the room when I went by. 33.C 【解析】句意:这件白衬衫使吴先生看起来很年轻。 考查动词的用法。looks第三人称单数;look at看,动词原形;look看起来,动词原形;looks at看,第三人称单数,后面接宾语。根据“young”可知是看起来年轻,make是使役动词,make sb. do sth.“让/使某人做某事”,后面接不带to的动词不定式充当宾语补足语。故选C。 34.C 【解析】句意:——邀请他们在地方剧院欣赏京剧怎么样?——听起来很棒! 考查特殊疑问句和动词不定式。How about/What about doing sth;Shall we do sth;Let’s do sth。根据“inviting”,排除BD;invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事,使用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 35.B 【解析】句意:这个11岁的男孩不喜欢地理课,因为对他来说太难了。 考查定语和形容词辨析。boring无聊的;difficult困难的;interesting有趣的;useful有用的。第一处作定语修饰boy,11-year-old“11岁的”符合;结合语境,不喜欢地理,所以是不好的方面。故选B。 36.C 【解析】句意:我姐姐是一个长头发的女孩。 考查句子结构。have/has表示“有”时是实意动词,做谓语;is是系词,用于构成“主系表”结构的句子;with带有,表伴随。本句是主系表结构,with long hair 有长头发的,介词短语作后置定语修饰a girl,故选C。 37.D 【解析】句意:他是一个5岁的男孩,住在我隔壁。 考查年龄的表达。空格处缺定语修饰“boy”;年龄在英文中有两种表达方式:“基数词+ year(s)+old”或“基数词-year-old”,其中,第一种表达只作表语,第二种表达只作定语,故选D。 38.B 【解析】句意:——谁是你的好朋友?——穿蓝色衣服的那个男孩。 考查固定搭配。is in blue是穿蓝色衣服;in blue穿蓝色衣服;in a blue pants穿蓝色裤子;wears blue pants穿蓝色裤子。表达“穿……颜色衣服的人”用“in+颜色”作后置定语修饰人,相当于“in+(a/an)+衣服种类”,裤子是复数形式,前面不能加a或者an。故选B。 39.A 【解析】句意:没人可以预测将来会发生什么。所以享受生活。 考查时态。in the future未来;in the past过去;now现在;yesterday昨天。根据“will”可知,此句是一般将来时,A选项符合。故选A。 40.B 【解析】句意:我一生都住在这所房子里。 考查句子成分。I是主语;lived是谓语;in this house是介词短语作状语;all my life是时间状语。故选B。 41.D 【解析】句意:Scott通常很早起床,上班从不迟到。 考查句子成分。never是频度副词,在句中作状语,修饰形容词late。故选D。 42.C 【解析】句意:下次再来参观我们的学校。 考查时间状语。two times两次;no time没有时间;next time下次;at next time错误表达。根据句子语境可知此处应用“next time”表示“下次”,作时间状语,前面不加介词。故选C。 43.D 【解析】句意:自从我们搬到这里,我们就一直住在这里。 考查时间状语。根据“We have lived here”可知,时态是现在完成时,时间状语应是“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”,A、B项语法错误;C项用于一般过去时。故选D。 44.D 【解析】句意:格林太太是位教师。她在学校工作。 考查地点状语。in a factory在一家工厂;at a hospital在一家医院;at a hotel在一个酒店;in a school在一所学校;根据前句“Mrs Green is a teacher.”可知,她是在学校工作,故选D。 45.D 【解析】句意:——你的老师给了你什么建议?——每天读十分钟英语。 考查名词和状语。advise建议,是动词;advice建议,是名词。此处是指什么建议,应用名词advice,排除AC;everyday每天的,常作定语;every day每天,常作时间状语。此处位于句末,作状语,应用every day。故选D。 46.D 【解析】句意:我很久以前就爱上他了。 考查时间状语。a long time很长一段时间;long time长时间;a long time ago很久以前。根据“fell”可知,时态为一般过去时,故应用时间状语a long time ago。故选D。 47.B 【解析】句意:三小时前我打扫了我的教室。 考查一般过去时。with three hours有三个小时;three hours ago三个小时前,通常与一般过去时连用;in three hours三个小时后;three hours before三个小时前,通常与完成时连用。结合语境和“cleaned”可知,句子为一般过去时,故应为“三个小时前打扫了教室”。故选B。 48.B 【解析】句意:杰克可能在8年后成为宇航员。 考查词义辨析。possible可能的;possibly可能地;impossible不可能的;possibility可能性。分析句子结构可知,此句不缺少主要成分,所以此空应填副词作状语,故选B。 49.B 【解析】句意:——你要花多长时间?——坐公共汽车要花我半个小时。 考查名词,根据提问“How long”可知是对时间的提问,回答应该是时间。观察句子,这里缺少主语,名词bus作定语修饰ride“旅行,行程”,表示“乘坐公共汽车的路程”,符合语境,故选B。 50.D 【解析】句意:——谁打扫了房间?——可能是琳达。 考查谓语动词。be是动词原形;may可能,情态动词;maybe可能,副词;may be可能,是“情态动词+be”结构。空处缺谓语动词,情态动词不可以单独作谓语,排除B;副词不可以作谓语,排除C;主语是第三人称单数,所以这里不用be动词原形,排除A。D选项符合,故选D。 二、 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.D 55.A 56.C 57.A 58.B 59.D 60.C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们笑的行为、笑的好处以及笑在社交中的作用。 51.句意:大多数人都是这样。 send发送;wear穿着;do做;read阅读。根据上文“Scientists say people laugh about 17 times a day.”可知,此处是指大多数人都这样做。故选C。 52.句意:成员们经常在早上去那里。 at通常用于具体的时刻;in后接年、季节、月或泛指的上午、下午、晚上等;on后接具体的某一天以及特指的上午、下午或晚上等;for后常接一段时间。根据空后“the morning”可知,此处考查in the morning“在早上”,介词短语。故选B。 53.句意:然后他们开始笑。 start开始;mark标记;email发电子邮件;write写。根据“Soon everyone laughs.”可知,很快每个人都笑了,所以此处是指他们开始笑,考查start to do sth.“开始做某事”。故选A。 54.句意:人们说,在笑声俱乐部里一起笑过后,他们感觉很好。 outside在外面;only仅仅;soon很快;together一起。根据上文“Members often go there”可知,成员们经常去那里,此处是指俱乐部成员一起笑。故选D。 55.句意:一方面,笑是很好的锻炼。 reason原因;color颜色;subject科目;duty职责。根据下文“laughter is good exercise” 可知,笑是很好的锻炼,所以此处是在说明笑是有益于健康的一个原因。故选A。 56.句意:科学家说,笑100次相当于跑步10分钟。 different from与……不同;interested in对……感兴趣;similar to与……相似;good at擅长。根据语境可知,此处是指科学家认为一百次笑类似于十分钟的跑步。故选C。 57.句意:这会让你感觉自己像是在做运动。 sports运动;chess象棋;magic魔术;music音乐。根据上文“laughter is good exercise”可知,笑是很好的锻炼,所以此处是指笑让你感觉好像在做运动。故选A。 58.句意:那么,我们为什么会笑呢? where在哪里;why为什么;how怎样;when什么时候。根据下文“It is a good question to answer.”以及后面关于笑的好处等内容可知,这里是在询问我们为什么笑。故选B。 59.句意:笑有助于我们感觉自己是群体的一部分,我们也可以结交更多的朋友。 but但是;so所以;because因为;and和,又。分析句子结构可知,“Laughter helps us feel part of a group” 和 “we can also make more friends” 之间是并列关系,应用and连接。故选D。 60.句意:记住要在生活中笑。 his他的;her她的;our我们的;their他们的。根据上文“we can also make more friends”可知,我们也可以结交更多的朋友,所以此处是指我们的生活。故选C。 三、 61.D 62.C 63.A 64.B 65.B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举一些实用的建议来帮助新生快速融入新环境。 61.推理判断题。根据第一段“For example, having no friend, meeting new teachers or worrying about the food.”可知,作者通过列举没有朋友、遇见新老师、担心食物这些例子来说明来到新学校可能会遇到的困难,从而支持自己的观点,所以是通过举例子的方式。故选D。 62.细节理解题。根据第二段“But to make it easy, ask the people around you”可知,为了更容易地了解你的新学校,你可以向周围的人寻求帮助。故选C。 63.篇章结构题。文章的结构可以分为三个部分:第一段提出问题:如何适应新学校;第二、三、四段给出具体的建议:了解学校、交朋友、保持友善和做自己;最后一段进行总结并鼓励读者努力适应;因此,本文属于“总——分——总”结构,选项A结构划分符合题意。故选A。 64.词句猜测题。根据第四段“Be yourself. Don’t think too much about what people think of you.”可知,做自己,不要过多考虑别人对你的看法;据此可以推断,划线单词“be yourself”的意思是“不要改变自己的想法或原则”。故选B。 65.最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了如何适应新学校的生活,给出了了解学校、交朋友、保持友善和做自己等融入新学校的建议;选项B“如何融入新学校”适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 4 / 4 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题08 语法知识之句子成分 一、句子成分的定义与分类 句子成分是指组成句子的各个部分,它们在句子中各司其职,共同传达完整的语义。英语句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,除此之外,同位语也是英语中重要的句子成分。 (一)主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,是句子的核心,通常是动作的执行者或描述的对象。例句: Tom is a good student.(汤姆是个好学生。) She goes to school by bike.(她骑自行车去上学。) Five is my lucky number.(五是我的幸运数字。) To see is to believe.(眼见为实。) 1.名词作主语:若为可数名词复数形式,在句子中表示多个对象。例如: The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。) The books are on the desk.(这些书在桌子上。) 2.代词作主语:人称代词作主语时,有主格形式,如 I(我)、you(你 / 你们)、he(他)、she(她)、it(它)、we(我们)、they(他们 / 她们 / 它们)。例如: He likes playing football.(他喜欢踢足球。) 3.数词作主语:基数词、序数词等都可作主语。例如: Two plus three is five.(二加三等于五。) The first is better.(第一个更好。) 4.不定式作主语:由 “to + 动词原形” 构成,无形态变化。例如: To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要。) (二)谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征,是句子中非常关键的部分,体现主语的行为或存在方式。谓语动词有人称(第一人称、第二人称、第三人称)和数(单数、复数)的变化,以及时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等)、语态(主动语态、被动语态)和语气(陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气等)的变化。例句: They study hard at school.(他们在学校努力学习。) The cat runs very fast.(这只猫跑得很快。) We visited our grandparents last week.(我们上周看望了祖父母。) 1.一般现在时:当主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it 等)时,动词一般加 -s 或 -es。例如:He plays basketball every day.(他每天打篮球。)而当主语为其他人称时,动词用原形。例如: I play football on weekends.(我周末踢足球。) 2.一般过去时:动词用过去式,规则动词一般在词尾加 -ed,如 work - worked;不规则动词需特殊记忆,如 go - went,do - did。例如: She went to the park yesterday.(她昨天去了公园。) (三)表语 表语是谓语的一部分,位于系动词(如 be 动词、感官动词 look 看起来、sound 听起来、taste 尝起来、smell 闻起来、feel 感觉等)之后,说明主语的身份、特征、属性或状态。例句: Her sister is a nurse.(她姐姐是一名护士。) The soup tastes delicious.(这汤尝起来很美味。) He is here now.(他现在在这里。) The pen is in my bag.(钢笔在我的包里。) 1.名词作表语:例如: My father is a doctor.(我父亲是一名医生。) 2.形容词作表语:例如: The flower is beautiful.(这朵花很漂亮。) 3.副词作表语:如 here(在这里)、there(在那里)等。例如: The book is there.(书在那里。) 4.介词短语作表语:如 in the room(在房间里)、on the desk(在桌子上)等。例如: The keys are on the table.(钥匙在桌子上。) (四)宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,一个指人(间接宾语),一个指物(直接宾语)。例句: We love our country.(我们热爱我们的国家。) She sees him every day.(她每天都见到他。) Pass me the book, please.(请把书递给我。) He decides to go to the zoo.(他决定去动物园。) 1.名词作宾语:一般无形态变化,若为可数名词复数形式,与主语的动作相对应。例如:I like apples.(我喜欢苹果。) 2.代词作宾语:人称代词作宾语时,用宾格形式,如 me(我)、you(你 / 你们)、him(他)、her(她)、it(它)、us(我们)、them(他们 / 她们 / 它们)。例如: He helps me with my homework.(他帮助我做家庭作业。) 3.数词作宾语:例如:Give me two.(给我两个。) 4.不定式作宾语:例如:I want to buy a new bike.(我想买一辆新自行车。) (五)宾语补足语 宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况,使句子的意思更加完整。它与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。例句: The teacher asks us to be quiet.(老师要求我们保持安静。) We found the story very interesting.(我们发现这个故事很有趣。) The boss made the workers work long hours.(老板让工人们长时间工作。) 1.形容词作宾补:例如:We make our classroom clean.(我们使我们的教室干净。) 2.名词作宾补:例如:They elected him monitor.(他们选他当班长。) 3.不带 to 的不定式作宾补:在某些使役动词(如 make 使、let 让、have 使)和感官动词(如 see 看见、hear 听见、watch 观看、notice 注意到)后,作宾补的不定式不带 to 。例如: I saw him play basketball on the playground.(我看见他在操场上打篮球。) (六)定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语,用来限定、描述名词或代词的特征、性质、所属等。例句: There is a tall tree in front of the house.(房子前面有一棵大树。) These are her toys.(这些是她的玩具。) I have three pencils.(我有三支铅笔。) The boy in a red coat is my brother.(穿红色外套的男孩是我的弟弟。) 1.形容词作定语:一般放在被修饰词前面,无形态变化。例如:a beautiful girl(一个漂亮的女孩) 2.代词作定语:如 my(我的)、your(你的 / 你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的)。例如:my book(我的书) 数词作定语:如 one(一个)、two(两个)等。例如:two apples(两个苹果) 3.介词短语作定语:放在被修饰词后面。例如:the book on the desk(桌子上的书) (七)状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分叫做状语,用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度等。例句: They play football in the afternoon.(他们下午踢足球。) She lives in Beijing.(她住在北京。) Because it rained, we didn't go to the park.(因为下雨了,我们没去公园。) He gets up early to catch the first bus.(他早早起床为了赶上第一班公交车。) 1.副词作状语:无形态变化。例如:He runs fast.(他跑得快。) 2.介词短语作状语:如 in the morning(在早上)、at school(在学校)、by bike(骑自行车)等。例如:She goes to school by bike.(她骑自行车去上学。) 3.不定式作状语:通常表示目的。例如:To get good grades, we should study hard.(为了取得好成绩,我们应该努力学习。) (八)同位语 同位语是对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分。同位语通常紧跟在它所解释的名词或代词之后。例句: My sister, Lucy, is a teacher.(我的姐姐,露西,是一名教师。) They all went to the park.(他们所有人都去了公园。)(“all” 是 “They” 的同位语。) I have no idea when he will come back.(我不知道他什么时候回来。)(“when he will come back” 是 “idea” 的同位语从句,解释 “idea” 的内容。) 1.名词作同位语:一般无形态变化。例如:My friend Tom is a good student.(我的朋友汤姆是个好学生。)这里 “Tom” 是 “My friend” 的同位语,对 “朋友” 进行具体说明。 2.代词作同位语:如 We students should study hard.(我们学生应该努力学习。)“students” 是 “We” 的同位语,强调 “我们” 的身份是学生 。 数词作同位语:例如:You two stay here.(你们两个待在这儿。)“two” 是 “You” 的同位语,明确 “you” 所指的人数。 3.从句作同位语:即同位语从句,对前面的名词进行解释说明,通常由 that 引导(在同位语从句中 that 不充当成分,但不能省略),也可由 whether,what,who 等词引导。例如: The news that we won the game is true.(我们赢得比赛的这个消息是真的。)“that we won the game” 是 “The news” 的同位语从句,解释 “消息” 的具体内容。 4.常见位置 紧跟在被解释的名词或代词后:如上述例句 “My friend Tom is a good student.” 和 “We students should study hard.”。 用逗号与被解释的名词或代词隔开:当同位语较长或为了强调时,会采用这种形式。例如:This is Mr. Smith, a famous scientist.(这是史密斯先生,一位著名的科学家。) 5.与其他成分的区别:同位语与定语不同,定语是对名词或代词进行修饰限定,而同位语是对名词或代词进行解释说明,与被解释的词在语法上处于同等地位。例如:a beautiful girl(“beautiful” 是定语,修饰 “girl”,描述 “女孩” 的特征);My friend Lily(“Lily” 是同位语,说明 “friend” 具体是谁) 。 二、常用短语结构中的句子成分 (一)动词短语 1.ask sb. to do sth.(要求某人做某事) 例句:The teacher asks us to read English every day.(老师要求我们每天读英语。) 句子成分分析:“The teacher” 是主语,“asks” 是谓语,“us” 是宾语,“to read English every day” 是宾语补足语。 2.tell sb. to do sth.(告诉某人做某事) 例句:My mother tells me to go to bed early.(妈妈告诉我早点睡觉。) 句子成分分析:“My mother” 是主语,“tells” 是谓语,“me” 是宾语,“to go to bed early” 是宾语补足语。 3.want sb. to do sth.(想要某人做某事) 例句:I want you to help me with my math.(我希望你帮我学数学。) 句子成分分析:“I” 是主语,“want” 是谓语,“you” 是宾语,“to help me with my math” 是宾语补足语。 (二)介词短语 1.in the morning/afternoon/evening(在早上 / 下午 / 晚上) 例句:We have breakfast in the morning.(我们早上吃早餐。) 句子成分分析:“We” 是主语,“have” 是谓语,“breakfast” 是宾语,“in the morning” 是时间状语。 2.at school(在学校) 例句:The students study hard at school.(学生们在学校努力学习。) 句子成分分析:“The students” 是主语,“study” 是谓语,“hard” 是状语,“at school” 是地点状语。 3.by bike/bus/car(骑自行车 / 乘公交车 / 坐汽车) 例句:He goes to work by bike.(他骑自行车去上班。) 句子成分分析:“He” 是主语,“goes” 是谓语,“to work” 是状语,“by bike” 是方式状语。 (三)其他短语 1.It's time to do sth.(是做某事的时候了) 例句:It's time to have lunch.(是吃午饭的时候了。) 句子成分分析:“It” 是形式主语,真正的主语是 “to have lunch”,“is” 是谓语,“time” 是表语。 2.There be...(有……) 例句:There is a book on the desk.(桌子上有一本书。) 句子成分分析:“There” 是引导词,无实际意义,“is” 是谓语,“a book” 是主语,“on the desk” 是地点状语。 一、单项选择 1.I think the most popular program is Running Man. A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语 2.There is a post office across from the park. A.表语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.定语 3.It’s important to practice speaking English every day. A.主语 B.表语 C.定语 D.宾语 4.There ________ in the next room. A.is Tom B.are some boys C.are they D.is the boy 5.Ann has a cute cat. ________ color is brown. ________ my favorite pet. A.Its, It’s B.It’s, Its C.It’s, It’s D.Its, Its 6.—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A.woman teachers, clothes shops B.women teachers, clothes shops C.woman teachers, sport shops D.women teachers, vegetables shops 7.—Look at these pictures. What's this? —I think _______ a cat. A./ B.is C.its D.it's 8.We hope you ________ our school tomorrow afternoon. A.visits B.visiting C.to visit D.can visit 9.Tom, ________ his father, ________ playing football. A.like; likes B.likes; likes C.likes; like D.like; like 10.I hope you _______ the Music Club. A.joining B.to join C.joins D.can join 11.Sandy is tall and slim. She ________ long hair. Her brother is a boy ________ short black hair. A.has; has B.has; with C.is; with D.with; has 12.In my mind, solar stickers really ________ in our daily life. A.important B.matter C.useful D.good 13.The boy _________ big glasses is Daniel. He often _________ in a blue shirt. A.wears; wears B.wears; in C.with; in D.with; wears 14.Tom cleans his bedroom once a week. A.状语 B.谓语 C.定语 D.宾语 15.You have to climb the stones with both your hands and feet. A.宾语 B.主语 C.表语 D.谓语 16.The city looked wonderful from the top of the hill. A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语 17.After a short rest, I felt much better. A.间接宾语 B.定语 C.直接宾语 D.表语 18.Scott seems happy that the winter vacation is coming. A.宾语 B.定语 C.表语 D.状语 19.-How amazing the noodle is! -Yes, it is ________, and breaks the Guinness World Record as the longest handmade noodle. A.1704-meter-long B.1704-meters-long C.1704 meter long D.1704 meters long 20.He is still ________ at midnight. A.work B.works C.at work D.at working 21.She often helps Tom with his English. A.真正主语 B.宾语 C.主语 D.谓语 22.She should take her temperature. A.谓语 B.宾语 C.表语 D.状语 23.—Can I help you, dear? —Yeah. I don’t know ________ a banana milk shake. Maybe you can teach me. A.what to do B.when to make C.how to make D.why to do 24.—Will the box be _____________? —Maybe, but someone will help me. A.too heavy for you to carry B.too heavy for you to carry it C.so heavy for you to carry it D.so heavy for you to carry 25. —What’s this in English? —It’s . A.P-E-N B.His pen C.a pen D.an pen 26.Miss Gu teaches ______ English this term. We love ______ very much.. A.our, he B.us, she C.our, him D.us, her 27.Lily likes listening to music. It ______ her ______ relaxed. A.makes; feels B.makes; to feel C.makes; feel D.make; feel 28.I have a toy car and my little brother took ________. Can you help ________ it for me? A.apart it; fix B.it apart; fix C.it apart; fixing D.apart it; to fix 29.Mom often asks me to do chores. A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.宾语补足语 D.状语 30.Dentists can make people’s teeth . A.good B.feeling better C.well D.better 31.Simon saw some boys_______ basketball when he was running in the playground. A.playing B.played C.were playing D.to play 32.Tom saw a policeman ______ after a thief in the street this morning. A.running B.run C.to run D.ran 33.The white shirt makes Mr. Wu ________ young. A.looks B.look at C.look D.looks at 34.—__________ inviting them __________ Beijing opera in the local theatre? —Sounds great! A. How about; enjoying B.Shall we; to enjoy C.What about; to enjoy D.Let’s; enjoy 35.The ________ boy doesn’t like geography class because it’s ________ for him. A.11 years old; boring B.11-year-old; difficult C.11-years-old; interesting D.11 year old; useful 36.My sister is a girl ________long hair. A.has B.have C.with D.is 37.He is a ________ boy and lives next to me. A.five years old B.five year old C.five-years-old D.five-year-old 38.—Who is your good friend? —The boy ________. A.is in blue B.in blue C.in a blue pants D.wears blue pants 39.Nobody can predict (预测) what will happen ________. So enjoy your life. A.in the future B.in the past C.now D.yesterday 40.I lived in this house all my life. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.宾语 41.Scott usually gets up early and is never late for work. A.主语 B.表语 C.定语 D.状语 42.Come and visit our school ________. A.two times B.no time C.next time D.at next time 43.We have lived here _________. A.for 20 years ago B.since 20 years C.20 years ago D.since we moved here 44.Mrs Green is a teacher. She works ________. A.in a factory B.at a hospital C.at a hotel D.in a school 45.—What ________ did your teacher give? —To read English for ten minutes ________. A.advise; every day B.advice; everyday C.advise; everyday D.advice; every day 46.I fell in love with him ________. A.a long time B.a long C.long time D.a long time ago 47.I cleaned my classroom ________. A.with three hours B.three hours ago C.in three hours D.three hours before 48.Jack will _______ be an astronaut in 8 years’ time. A.possible B.possibly C.impossible D.possibility 49.—How long does it take you? —The ________ takes me half an hour. A.ride bus B.bus ride C.rides bus D.buses' ride 50.—Who cleaned the room? —It _______ Linda. A.be B.may C.maybe D.may be 二、完形填空 根据短文内容,从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个能正确填入相应空格内的最佳答案,并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Do you laugh every day? Scientists say people laugh about 17 times a day. Most people 51 that. It’s not special. In some countries, there are hundreds of laughter (笑声) clubs. Members often go there 52 the morning. First they put their hands on their heads. Then they 53 to laugh. Soon everyone laughs. People say they feel good after laughing 54 in the laughter clubs. That’s good for your health. For one 55 laughter is good exercise. Scientists say one hundred laughs is 56 ten minutes (分钟) of running. This helps you feel like you are playing 57 . That’s also good for you. So, 58 do we laugh? It is a good question to answer. We know it’s good for us. But do you know people laugh more often in a group (群体)? Laughter helps us feel part of a group 59 we can also make more friends. Remember to laugh in 60 life. Enjoy laughing now! 51.A.send B.wear C.do D.read 52.A.at B.in C.on D.for 53.A.start B.mark C.email D.write 54.A.outside B.only C.soon D.together 55.A.reason B.color C.subject D.duty 56.A.different from B.interested in C.similar to D.good at 57.A.sports B.chess C.magic D.music 58.A.where B.why C.how D.when 59.A.but B.so C.because D.and 60.A.his B.her C.our D.their 三、阅读理解 ①Coming to a new school can be difficult. For example, having no friend, meeting new teachers or worrying about the food. Here are some tips (建议) to help you to fit (融入) in. ②Spend a day to know your school. You can’t fit in at school because you don’t know the school well. You need a school map. Try to get to know every corner of your new school. A good school map can help a lot. But to make it easy, ask the people around you, you can say, “Excuse me, I’m new here, and how can I get to the gym?” ③Make friends. Talk to different people. Take a chance (机会) to join clubs or sports teams and make more friends in this way. Share what you think with others. ④Be nice and be yourself. Be nice to everyone. Because they might just be your next teacher or friend after a little while. Be yourself. Don’t think too much about what people think of you. So be yourself when you know exactly you’re right. Do it just as your mind. ⑤The beginning of the new term is always hard. But work hard to fit in while being yourself, you’ll soon fit it. 61.How does the writer support (支持) his idea in Paragraph 1? A.By listing numbers. B.By asking questions. C.By giving some tips. D.By giving examples. 62.How can you make it easy to know your new school? A.Read a good school map. B.Know every corner of the school. C.Ask the people for help. D.Spend a day to know the school. 63.What’s the structure (结构) of the passage (文章)? (①=Paragraph 1        ②=Paragraph 2, ...) A.①//②③④//⑤ B.①③④//⑤ C.①//②③④⑤ D.①②③//④//⑤ 64.What does “be yourself ” mean (意思是) in Paragraph 4? A.share your ideas with others B.don’t change your idea C.be nice to everyone D.think about other people 65.What’s the best title (标题) for this passage? A.How to Make Friends at School B.How to Fit in at a New School C.How to Be Yourself at School D.How to Know a New School 4 / 4 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题08 语法知识之句子成分-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)
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专题08 语法知识之句子成分-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)
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专题08 语法知识之句子成分-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)
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