专题06 语法知识之动词(短语)-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题06 语法知识之动词(短语) 一、动词的分类​ （一）实义动词​ 实义动词也叫行为动词，表示动作或状态，具有实际行为含义，在句子中能独立作谓语。 1.及物动词和不及物动词​ （1）及物动词：后面能直接跟宾语的实义动词。例如：I like apples.（“like” 是及物动词，“apples” 是宾语）常见的及物动词有：love（爱）、want（想要）、need（需要）、buy（买）、see（看见）、find（找到）等。​ （2）不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语的实义动词。若要接宾语，需要在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。例如： The bird is flying in the sky.（“fly” 是不及物动词，“in the sky” 是介词短语作状语） 常用的不及物动词有：arrive（到达）、come（来）、go（去）、run（跑）、walk（步行）、die（死）、fall（掉；落）、happen（发生）、rise（升起）、stay（待，留）、sit（坐）、lie（躺）、stand（站）等。​ 2.延续性动词和短暂性动词​ （1）延续性动词：表示动作能持续进行的动词。如：study（学习）、play（玩）、do（做）、read（读）、learn（学习）、drive（驾驶）、write（写）、clean（打扫）、sing（唱歌）、dance（跳舞）、sleep（睡觉）、speak（说）、talk（谈话）、wait（等）、fly（飞）、stay（待；停留）、sit（坐）、stand（站）、lie（躺）、keep（保持）等。 延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，如 “for + 一段时间”“since + 时间点” 等。例如：I have studied English for three years.（我学习英语已经三年了。）​ （2）短暂性动词：也叫瞬间动词或终止性动词，表示的动作不能够持续，而是瞬间结束。常用的短暂性动词有：begin（开始）、start（开始）、finish（完成）、go（去）、come（来）、leave（离开）、find（找到）、arrive（到达）、reach（到达）、enter（进入）、stop（停止）、open（开）、close（关）、become（变成）、buy（买）、borrow（借入）、lend（借出）、happen（发生）、join（加入）、lose（丢失）、die（死）、receive（收到）等。 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语直接连用，如果要和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要将短暂性动词转化为延续性动词或状态动词。例如：He has borrowed the book for two weeks.（错误）应改为 He has kept the book for two weeks.（他借这本书已经两周了。） 常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：come - be here；go - be away；borrow - keep；buy - have；die - be dead；begin - be on；finish - be over；open - be open；close - be closed；lose - be lost；get to know - know；turn on - be on；get up - be up；sit down - sit/be seated；join - be in (...) 或 be a member of (...)。​ （二）连系动词​ 连系动词是用来连接句子主语与表语的一种动词，用以说明主语的身份、性质、特征及状态。常见的连系动词有：​ 1.be 动词：am、is、are（一般现在时形式），was、were（一般过去时形式）。例如： I am a student.（我是一名学生。） The flowers are beautiful.（这些花很漂亮。）​ 2.感官动词：look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（摸起来；感觉）。例如： The cake tastes delicious.（这块蛋糕尝起来很美味。） You look tired.（你看起来很累。）​ 3.表示变化的动词：become（变得）、get（变得）、turn（变得）、grow（变得；成长）。例如： It becomes dark.（天变黑了。） The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（秋天树叶变黄了。）​ 4.表示保持某种状态的动词：keep（保持）、stay（保持）。例如： Keep quiet!（保持安静！） We should stay healthy.（我们应该保持健康。）​ （三）助动词​ 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。常见的助动词有：​ 1.be 动词（用于构成进行时态和被动语态）：am/is/are + 动词 - ing（现在进行时）；was/were + 动词 - ing（过去进行时）；am/is/are + 过去分词（一般现在时的被动语态）；was/were + 过去分词（一般过去时的被动语态）。例如： He is reading a book now.（他现在正在读书。） The window was broken by Tom.（窗户被汤姆打破了。）​ 2.do/does/did（用于构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句和疑问句）：一般现在时：do/does + 动词原形（do 用于第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数；does 用于第三人称单数）；一般过去时：did + 动词原形。例如： I don't like milk.（我不喜欢牛奶。） Does she go to school by bike?（她骑自行车去上学吗？） He didn't go to the park yesterday.（他昨天没有去公园。）​ 3.have/has/had（用于构成完成时态）：have/has + 过去分词（现在完成时）；had + 过去分词（过去完成时）。例如： I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的家庭作业。） She had left before I arrived.（在我到达之前她已经离开了。）​ （四）情态动词​ 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如能力、许可、请求、推测等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。常见的情态动词有：​ 1.can（能；会） 能力表达：核心功能是描述某人具备做某事的能力，涵盖知识、技能、体力等多方面。比如，"She can speak three languages."（她会说三种语言。）；"Tom can run very fast."（汤姆能跑得很快。）​ 请求许可：常用于口语场景，向对方询问是否允许自己做某事，语气较为随意自然。例如，"Can I borrow your bike?"（我可以借你的自行车吗？）​ 过去式与用法：过去式为 could，could 除了用于表示过去的能力，如 "When I was young, I could climb trees easily."（我年轻时能轻松爬树。），还常用于表示比 can 更礼貌的请求，让提问显得更加委婉，避免给对方造成压迫感 ，如 "Could you pass me the salt?"（你能递给我盐吗？）​ 特殊用法：在否定句和疑问句中，can 还可用于表示推测，如 "It can't be true!"（这不可能是真的！）​ 2.may（可以；也许）​ 请求许可：用于正式或非正式场合向对方征求同意，语气比 can 更正式、礼貌。例如，在图书馆询问管理员时可以说，"May I take this book out?"（我可以把这本书借出去吗？） 可能性推测：用于表达某事发生的可能性，但这种可能性不如 must 强烈。例如，"It may rain tomorrow."（明天可能会下雨。）​ 过去式与用法：过去式为 might，might 表示的可能性比 may 更小，例如，"He might come to the party, but I'm not sure."（他也许会来参加派对，但我不确定。），也常用于表示比 may 更礼貌的请求，让语气显得更加谦逊，如 "Might I have a glass of water?"（我可以喝杯水吗？）​ 固定搭配：常见短语 "may as well" 意为 “不妨”，如 "We may as well start now."（我们不妨现在就开始。）​ 3.must（必须） 必要性与义务：强调某事是必要的、强制性的，通常与规则、责任、命令相关。比如交通规则要求，"Drivers must stop at red lights."（司机必须在红灯前停车。）；学校规定，"Students must wear uniforms."（学生必须穿校服。）​ 否定形式：must 的否定形式 mustn't 表示 “禁止；不允许”，用于明确禁止某种行为。例如，"You mustn't touch the exhibits in the museum."（你禁止触摸博物馆里的展品。）​ 一般疑问句回答：对 must 引导的一般疑问句进行回答时，如果表示肯定，用 must；如果表示否定，用 needn't 或 don't have to（不必） 。例如：​ A: Must I finish the work today?（我今天必须完成这项工作吗？）​ B: Yes, you must.（是的，你必须。） / No, you needn't.（不，你不必。） / No, you don't have to.（不，你不必。）​ 推测用法：must 用于肯定句中表示有把握的推测，意为 “一定；肯定”，例如，"He must be very tired after working all day."（他工作了一整天，一定很累。）​ 4.should（应该）​ 义务与责任：表示某人有责任或义务做某事，常用于社会道德、行为准则等方面。例如，"We should respect the elderly."（我们应该尊重老人。）；"You should keep your promise."（你应该信守承诺。）​ 建议：用于给他人提出建议或意见，语气比 must 更委婉，不具有强制性。比如，朋友感冒时可以说，"You should drink more water and get some rest."（你应该多喝水，多休息。） 虚拟语气：在一些虚拟语气的句子中，should 可用于表示惊讶、意外等情绪 ，如 "It's strange that he should say such a thing."（他竟然说出这样的话，真奇怪。）​ 对比用法：与 ought to 同义，但 should 更侧重个人观点和建议，ought to 更强调客观责任和义务，如 "You ought to follow the traffic rules."（你应该遵守交通规则，侧重规则的客观性）。​ 二、动词的形态变化​ （一）一般现在时中动词第三人称单数的变化规则​ 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加 - s。例如：work - works；play - plays；run - runs。​ 以字母 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的动词，在词尾加 - es。例如：teach - teaches；wash - washes；fix - fixes；guess - guesses。​ 以辅音字母 + o 结尾的动词，在词尾加 - es。例如：go - goes；do - does。​ 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，先将 y 变为 i，再加 - es。例如：study - studies；carry - carries；fly - flies。​ （二）动词的现在分词（即动词 - ing 形式）的变化规则​ 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加 - ing。例如：play - playing；do - doing；read - reading。​ 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加 - ing。例如：write - writing；make - making；take - taking。​ 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 - ing。例如：run - running；swim - swimming；put - putting。​ 以 ie 结尾的动词，先将 ie 变为 y，再加 - ing。例如：lie - lying；die - dying；tie - tying。 （三）动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则​ 1.规则变化​ 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加 - ed。例如：work - worked；play - played；visit - visited。 以字母 e 结尾的动词，在词尾加 - d。例如：live - lived；like - liked；use - used。​ 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，先将 y 变为 i，再加 - ed。例如：study - studied；carry - carried；worry - worried。​ 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 - ed。例如：stop - stopped；plan - planned；drop - dropped。​ 2.不规则变化 英语中有许多动词的过去式和过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。例如：be - was/were - been；go - went - gone；come - came - come；have - had - had；do - did - done；see - saw - seen；make - made - made；take - took - taken；get - got - got/gotten 等。​ 三、常用动词短语结构​ （一）动词 + 介词​ 常见的有： look for（寻找）、look after（照顾）、ask for（请求；要求）、laugh at（嘲笑）、hear of（听说）、wait for（等待）、listen to（听）、look at（看）、point to（指向）等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。例如：​ I am looking for my keys.（我正在找我的钥匙。）​ We should take care of the old.（我们应该照顾老人。）​ （二）动词 + 副词​ 常见的有： give up（放弃）、pick up（捡起；接某人）、think over（仔细考虑）、find out（查明；弄清楚）、hand in（上交）、put on（穿上；上演）、take off（脱下；起飞）、turn on（打开）、turn off（关闭）、turn up（调高音量；出现）、turn down（调低音量；拒绝）等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。例如：​ He picked up the book. = He picked the book up.（他捡起了那本书。）​ Please turn it on.（请把它打开。）​ （三）动词 + 副词 + 介词​ 常见的有： go on with（继续）、catch up with（赶上）、look forward to（期待）、get along with（与…… 相处）等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。例如：​ Let's go on with our work.（让我们继续我们的工作。）​ You must catch up with your classmates.（你必须赶上你的同学们。）​ （四）动词 + 名词 + 介词​ 常见的有： take care of（照顾）、make use of（利用）、pay attention to（注意）、make fun of（取笑）、take part in（参加）、have a look at（看一下）等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。例如：​ We should make good use of our time.（我们应该充分利用我们的时间。）​ You should pay attention to your pronunciation.（你应该注意你的发音。）​ （五）be + 形容词 + 介词​ 常见的有： be good at（擅长）、be interested in（对…… 感兴趣）、be afraid of（害怕）、be late for（迟到）、be angry with（对某人生气）、be strict with（对某人严格）、be friendly to（对某人友好）等。例如：​ She is good at singing.（她擅长唱歌。）​ I am interested in English.（我对英语感兴趣。） 一、单项选择 1．—Which club does Emma want to join? —She wants to join the _________ club because she can _________ well. A．sports; dance B．sports; dances C．music; dances D．music; dance 2．—Listen! Who ______ in the music room? —Lily and Lucy. They enjoy singing when they ______ free. A．sing; has B．is singing; are C．sings; has D．are singing; is 3．—What time ________ Jack ________ a shower? —At half past six in the morning. A．do; take B．do; takes C．does; take D．does; takes 4．There ________ a teacher’s desk and 40 student desks in the classroom. They ________ so tidy. A．is, are B．am, is C．are, is D．are, are 5．Miss Gao is amazing and she makes everyone in the class ________ special. A．feel B．feels C．to feel D．feeling 6．— What animals ________ Chen Jie’s uncle have on his farm? — He ________ cows, horses and sheep. A．does; has B．do; have C．do; has D．does; have 7．I often ________ with my friends in the park when I ________ a child. A．play; am B．played; am C．play; was D．played; was 8．There ________ still some apple juice in the bottle. You can drink it. A．is B．are C．was D．were 9．Some of the children are watching a movie, and ________ are playing with toys. Everyone ________ happy while waiting for their parents in the room. A．others; is B．the rest; are C．others; are D．the rest; is 10．—________ any people in the room? —No, there ________. A．Are; isn’t B．Are; aren’t C．Is; isn’t D．Is; aren’t 11．Boys, don’t play in the street! There ________ many cars here. A．are B．is C．isn’t D．aren’t 12．—Don’t forget to bring an umbrella when you come to visit Yangzhou in July. —You are right. It ________ be rainy during that time. A．need B．may C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 13．Linda ________ my best friend. She and I ________ in the same school. A．is; am B．is; are C．are; is D．are; am 14．— ________ the bookcases? — They are next to the window. A．Where is B．What is C．What are D．Where are 15．—There ________ a library and two reading rooms in our school. —Wonderful! And there ________ some juice on sale in the dining hall. A．are; is B．is; are C．are; are D．is; is 16．— ________ your room? — Yes. It is small but clean. A．Are these B．What are C．Is this D．Does it 17．You ________ worry about how to solve the problem. I will always be on your side. A．may not B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 18．—Who ________ the dishes in your family? —My father ________. A．washes; do B．washes; does C．wash; do D．wash; wash 19．—Hey, any plans for Saturday morning? How about visiting Xinyu Museum? —Ah, sorry, I______ take part in the piano competition. A．can B．have to C．might D．would 20．—Excuse me, how much ______ the jeans made ______ cotton? —Oh, they’re cheap now. They’re only $25. A．are; of B．are; from C．is; of D．is; from 21．Emma can ______ well, so she wants ______ the music club. A．sings; join B．sing; joining C．sings; joins D．sing; to join 22．You ________ be shy. You are good at so many things. A．may not B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．can 23．—Emma, ________ I use your eraser? —Of course, you can. Here you are. A．should B．must C．can D．need 24．—There are seven people in ________ family. —Wow, her family ________ very big. A．Amy; is B．Amy’s; is C．Amy; are D．Amy’s; am 25．Jack ______ lunch at school. He ______ lunch at home. A．don’t have; have B．doesn’t have; has C．don’t have; has D．doesn’t have; have 26．—What ________ your brother do? —He is a teacher. He teaches ________ English in our school. A．does; we B．is; us C．does; us D．do; we 27．—________ your classroom big or small? —It ________ big. A．Are; is B．Is; is C．Is; are D．Are; are 28．—You and Sam ________ in Class 8, right? —No, we ________. A．is; are B．am; are C．are; aren’t D．is; aren’t 29．—________ that your old bike? —________. Look! My bike is here. A．Is; Yes, it is B．Is; No, it isn’t C．Are; No, it isn’t D．Are; Yes, it is 30．Some students ________ housework at home. A．doesn’t B．don’t C．doesn’t do D．don’t do 31．The boy often ________ the old people, and he ________ a good student in our school. A．help; is B．helps; is C．help; are D．helps; are 32．There ________ some tall trees behind the house now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 33．Jack can ________ three languages. I think ________ really has a talent. A．speaks; he B．speak; he C．speaks; him D．speak; him 34．—________ Dave ________ his homework every day? —Yes, of course. A．Do; do B．Does; do C．Do; does D．Does; does 35．—________ you play basketball, Mike? —No. But I am good at football. A．Can B．Need C．Should D．Must 36．Sandy, you ________ play with knives. It’s too dangerous. A．may B．can C．mustn’t D．needn’t 37．—When ________ he ________ Chinese at a college in London? —Two years ago. A．does; teach B．will; teach C．did; teach D．is; teaching 38．—________ you often ________ volleyball with your classmates after school? —Yes, there’s so much fun. A．Do; play B．Will; play C．Are; playing D．Did; play 39．We ________ follow the traffic rules when crossing the road. A．may B．can C．might D．must 40．The cat ________ climb trees but it ________ swim. A．can; can’t B．can; don’t C．does; isn’t D．can; isn’t 41．What a sunny day it is! How about _______ cycling in the park? A．go B．go to C．to go D．going 42．This hat is ________ wool and it makes her ________ warm. A．made from; feel B．made from; feeling C．made of; feels D．made of; feel 43．My sister ________ love dolls when she was little, but now she is more into books. A．was used to B．used to C．is used to D．gets used to 44．—Sam, would you please help me ________ Spring Festival Couplets? —Of course, mum. A．put on B．put up C．leave for D．care about 45．Little Tom looks smart ________ the jeans, and it goes well ________ his white boots. A．with; on B．with; in C．on; with D．in; with 46．—Lucy, let me first ________ you ________ our school. —That will be great. A．show; visit B．bring; around C．show; around D．take; visit 47．If you want to be a scientist like Qian Xuesen, spend more time ________ maths hard. A．studying B．to study C．to count D．counting 48．—Why do you think English classes are interesting? —Because we’re asked to ________ stories in English with deskmates. A．work out B．get out C．act out D．give out 49．While reading, try not to ________ the dictionary too much. A．put up B．agree with C．care about D．depend on 50．— Mom, could I ________ the TV to watch my favorite talk show? It will start in five minutes. — Sure, but don’t sit too close to the television. A．turn on B．turn off C．turn up D．turn down 51．—I’m not tall. Can you help me ________ these new pictures on the wall? —Of course! A．care about B．depend on C．take apart D．put up 52．People often say “The whole year’s work ________ a good start in spring.” A．puts on B．gets on C．depends on D．goes on 53．The World Cup is an international competition that ________ every four years. A．takes up B．takes part C．takes place D．takes off 54．—Dr. Smith, my son spends too much time on the computer. What should I do? —Do different activities with him, and he may not ________ the computer too much. A．get over B．leave for C．look up D．depend on 55．We often ________ paper cuttings to ________ good luck. A．put up; wish for B．put up ; in the hope of C．put on; wish for D．put on; in the hope of 56．Remember ________ the lights when you leave. A．turn on B．to turn on C．turn off D．to turn off 57．The umbrella will protect you_________the rain. A．from B．with C．by D．out 58．—Tommy, would you like to buy these jeans? —No, thanks, mum. They are too expensive. You always tell me ________. A．to have a busy day B．to buy shoes C．to save for a rainy day D．to exercise more 59．People can easily borrow ideas from other cultures online to help them ________. A．stand up B．stand out C．pick up D．pick out 60．Students should learn how to ________ dictionary. A．make use of B．look out of C．fall in love with D．run out of 二、完形填空 Giraffe Lola wants to have fun with others. She thinks about joining a 61 . She goes to a tennis club first. Why? Because she wants 62 tennis with her best friend Jane. The teacher 63 to Lola, “You’re up there. The net (网) is down here. Sorry!” Lola has to go to the next club. There she sees some pandas playing soccer. She thinks it’s 64 . “Excuse me, Miss. Can I play soccer 65 this club?” Lola asks the teacher. The teacher answers, “Sorry. You run too 66 with long legs.” Then Lola sees 67 swimming club. She thinks she can do it easily. “Miss, can I swim?” Lola asks. “The pool is only 2 m, but you’re too tall. Sorry!” The teacher says. Lola isn’t happy and 68 to a basketball club. There she sees her classmates. “Come on, Lola!” Alan calls her. “We need you!” “Miss, 69 I too tall?” Lola asks. “No,” the teacher says. “For 70 club, you’re just good!” 61．A．club B．life C．reason D．activity 62．A．play B．to play C．plays D．playing 63．A．climbs B．remembers C．says D．reads 64．A．boring B．healthy C．delicious D．fun 65．A．in B．on C．under D．from 66．A．then B．hard C．fast D．pretty 67．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 68．A．listens B．walks C．talks D．wants 69．A．am B．is C．be D．are 70．A．we B．us C．her D．our 三、阅读理解 “Henry! Knock it off! If you do that one more time, I’m going to throw you out of this boat,” warned Cameron angrily. “Yeah, right,” said Henry and half-heartedly rowed the boat up the river. Henry and Cameron were chosen to be partners, but they certainly weren’t friends. Cameron looked down on Henry and spent his time at summer camp keeping away from him. Henry never followed the rules, and that drove Cameron crazy. Cameron hated the fact that the boat ride was at least 5 miles long. Just then Cameron felt some small drops of water again on his neck. “Henry!” shouted Cameron loudly. “I said to leave me alone.” “I’m not doing anything!” answered Henry coolly. “If you look up, you will see that Mother Nature is touching you with water.” Sure enough, when Cameron looked up, he could see light rain coming down. Things got quiet in the boat after that. Before long, the small drops turned into large ones, and thunder and lightning began racing across the sky. Cameron didn’t know what to do. All he remembered was hearing stories about never to be on the water during a lightning storm. There was nothing in sight. Where could they get shelter? At that moment, Henry took over. He guided Cameron to control the boat towards some small wooden houses up ahead. By the time they reached the houses, they were all wet. Lightning continued to flash and they took shelter in the house. 71．According to the story, Cameron and Henry _________. A．both enjoyed the boat ride B．worked together to solve a problem C．were friends with each other D．knew each other for a long time 72．Why didn’t Cameron like Henry? A．Because Henry rowed the boat half-heartedly. B．Because Henry warned Cameron angrily. C．Because Henry always broke the rules. D．Because Henry was crazy about rowing. 73．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “get shelter” in the last paragraph? A．get some food to eat B．get a place to stay safe C．get someone’s help D．get some water to drink 74．According to the passage, which is the right order? a. Cameron and Henry were safe in a house. b. Cameron and Henry rowed the boat carelessly. c. A light rain became lightning storm. d. Cameron and Henry became partners. A．c-b-d-a B．b-d-c-a C．b-d-a-c D．d-b-c-a 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题06 语法知识之动词(短语) 一、动词的分类​ （一）实义动词​ 实义动词也叫行为动词，表示动作或状态，具有实际行为含义，在句子中能独立作谓语。 1.及物动词和不及物动词​ （1）及物动词：后面能直接跟宾语的实义动词。例如：I like apples.（“like” 是及物动词，“apples” 是宾语）常见的及物动词有：love（爱）、want（想要）、need（需要）、buy（买）、see（看见）、find（找到）等。​ （2）不及物动词：后面不能直接跟宾语的实义动词。若要接宾语，需要在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。例如： The bird is flying in the sky.（“fly” 是不及物动词，“in the sky” 是介词短语作状语） 常用的不及物动词有：arrive（到达）、come（来）、go（去）、run（跑）、walk（步行）、die（死）、fall（掉；落）、happen（发生）、rise（升起）、stay（待，留）、sit（坐）、lie（躺）、stand（站）等。​ 2.延续性动词和短暂性动词​ （1）延续性动词：表示动作能持续进行的动词。如：study（学习）、play（玩）、do（做）、read（读）、learn（学习）、drive（驾驶）、write（写）、clean（打扫）、sing（唱歌）、dance（跳舞）、sleep（睡觉）、speak（说）、talk（谈话）、wait（等）、fly（飞）、stay（待；停留）、sit（坐）、stand（站）、lie（躺）、keep（保持）等。 延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，如 “for + 一段时间”“since + 时间点” 等。例如：I have studied English for three years.（我学习英语已经三年了。）​ （2）短暂性动词：也叫瞬间动词或终止性动词，表示的动作不能够持续，而是瞬间结束。常用的短暂性动词有：begin（开始）、start（开始）、finish（完成）、go（去）、come（来）、leave（离开）、find（找到）、arrive（到达）、reach（到达）、enter（进入）、stop（停止）、open（开）、close（关）、become（变成）、buy（买）、borrow（借入）、lend（借出）、happen（发生）、join（加入）、lose（丢失）、die（死）、receive（收到）等。 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语直接连用，如果要和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要将短暂性动词转化为延续性动词或状态动词。例如：He has borrowed the book for two weeks.（错误）应改为 He has kept the book for two weeks.（他借这本书已经两周了。） 常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换：come - be here；go - be away；borrow - keep；buy - have；die - be dead；begin - be on；finish - be over；open - be open；close - be closed；lose - be lost；get to know - know；turn on - be on；get up - be up；sit down - sit/be seated；join - be in (...) 或 be a member of (...)。​ （二）连系动词​ 连系动词是用来连接句子主语与表语的一种动词，用以说明主语的身份、性质、特征及状态。常见的连系动词有：​ 1.be 动词：am、is、are（一般现在时形式），was、were（一般过去时形式）。例如： I am a student.（我是一名学生。） The flowers are beautiful.（这些花很漂亮。）​ 2.感官动词：look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（摸起来；感觉）。例如： The cake tastes delicious.（这块蛋糕尝起来很美味。） You look tired.（你看起来很累。）​ 3.表示变化的动词：become（变得）、get（变得）、turn（变得）、grow（变得；成长）。例如： It becomes dark.（天变黑了。） The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（秋天树叶变黄了。）​ 4.表示保持某种状态的动词：keep（保持）、stay（保持）。例如： Keep quiet!（保持安静！） We should stay healthy.（我们应该保持健康。）​ （三）助动词​ 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。常见的助动词有：​ 1.be 动词（用于构成进行时态和被动语态）：am/is/are + 动词 - ing（现在进行时）；was/were + 动词 - ing（过去进行时）；am/is/are + 过去分词（一般现在时的被动语态）；was/were + 过去分词（一般过去时的被动语态）。例如： He is reading a book now.（他现在正在读书。） The window was broken by Tom.（窗户被汤姆打破了。）​ 2.do/does/did（用于构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句和疑问句）：一般现在时：do/does + 动词原形（do 用于第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数；does 用于第三人称单数）；一般过去时：did + 动词原形。例如： I don't like milk.（我不喜欢牛奶。） Does she go to school by bike?（她骑自行车去上学吗？） He didn't go to the park yesterday.（他昨天没有去公园。）​ 3.have/has/had（用于构成完成时态）：have/has + 过去分词（现在完成时）；had + 过去分词（过去完成时）。例如： I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的家庭作业。） She had left before I arrived.（在我到达之前她已经离开了。）​ （四）情态动词​ 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如能力、许可、请求、推测等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。常见的情态动词有：​ 1.can（能；会） 能力表达：核心功能是描述某人具备做某事的能力，涵盖知识、技能、体力等多方面。比如，"She can speak three languages."（她会说三种语言。）；"Tom can run very fast."（汤姆能跑得很快。）​ 请求许可：常用于口语场景，向对方询问是否允许自己做某事，语气较为随意自然。例如，"Can I borrow your bike?"（我可以借你的自行车吗？）​ 过去式与用法：过去式为 could，could 除了用于表示过去的能力，如 "When I was young, I could climb trees easily."（我年轻时能轻松爬树。），还常用于表示比 can 更礼貌的请求，让提问显得更加委婉，避免给对方造成压迫感 ，如 "Could you pass me the salt?"（你能递给我盐吗？）​ 特殊用法：在否定句和疑问句中，can 还可用于表示推测，如 "It can't be true!"（这不可能是真的！）​ 2.may（可以；也许）​ 请求许可：用于正式或非正式场合向对方征求同意，语气比 can 更正式、礼貌。例如，在图书馆询问管理员时可以说，"May I take this book out?"（我可以把这本书借出去吗？） 可能性推测：用于表达某事发生的可能性，但这种可能性不如 must 强烈。例如，"It may rain tomorrow."（明天可能会下雨。）​ 过去式与用法：过去式为 might，might 表示的可能性比 may 更小，例如，"He might come to the party, but I'm not sure."（他也许会来参加派对，但我不确定。），也常用于表示比 may 更礼貌的请求，让语气显得更加谦逊，如 "Might I have a glass of water?"（我可以喝杯水吗？）​ 固定搭配：常见短语 "may as well" 意为 “不妨”，如 "We may as well start now."（我们不妨现在就开始。）​ 3.must（必须） 必要性与义务：强调某事是必要的、强制性的，通常与规则、责任、命令相关。比如交通规则要求，"Drivers must stop at red lights."（司机必须在红灯前停车。）；学校规定，"Students must wear uniforms."（学生必须穿校服。）​ 否定形式：must 的否定形式 mustn't 表示 “禁止；不允许”，用于明确禁止某种行为。例如，"You mustn't touch the exhibits in the museum."（你禁止触摸博物馆里的展品。）​ 一般疑问句回答：对 must 引导的一般疑问句进行回答时，如果表示肯定，用 must；如果表示否定，用 needn't 或 don't have to（不必） 。例如：​ A: Must I finish the work today?（我今天必须完成这项工作吗？）​ B: Yes, you must.（是的，你必须。） / No, you needn't.（不，你不必。） / No, you don't have to.（不，你不必。）​ 推测用法：must 用于肯定句中表示有把握的推测，意为 “一定；肯定”，例如，"He must be very tired after working all day."（他工作了一整天，一定很累。）​ 4.should（应该）​ 义务与责任：表示某人有责任或义务做某事，常用于社会道德、行为准则等方面。例如，"We should respect the elderly."（我们应该尊重老人。）；"You should keep your promise."（你应该信守承诺。）​ 建议：用于给他人提出建议或意见，语气比 must 更委婉，不具有强制性。比如，朋友感冒时可以说，"You should drink more water and get some rest."（你应该多喝水，多休息。） 虚拟语气：在一些虚拟语气的句子中，should 可用于表示惊讶、意外等情绪 ，如 "It's strange that he should say such a thing."（他竟然说出这样的话，真奇怪。）​ 对比用法：与 ought to 同义，但 should 更侧重个人观点和建议，ought to 更强调客观责任和义务，如 "You ought to follow the traffic rules."（你应该遵守交通规则，侧重规则的客观性）。​ 二、动词的形态变化​ （一）一般现在时中动词第三人称单数的变化规则​ 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加 - s。例如：work - works；play - plays；run - runs。​ 以字母 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的动词，在词尾加 - es。例如：teach - teaches；wash - washes；fix - fixes；guess - guesses。​ 以辅音字母 + o 结尾的动词，在词尾加 - es。例如：go - goes；do - does。​ 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，先将 y 变为 i，再加 - es。例如：study - studies；carry - carries；fly - flies。​ （二）动词的现在分词（即动词 - ing 形式）的变化规则​ 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加 - ing。例如：play - playing；do - doing；read - reading。​ 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，先去掉 e，再加 - ing。例如：write - writing；make - making；take - taking。​ 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 - ing。例如：run - running；swim - swimming；put - putting。​ 以 ie 结尾的动词，先将 ie 变为 y，再加 - ing。例如：lie - lying；die - dying；tie - tying。 （三）动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则​ 1.规则变化​ 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加 - ed。例如：work - worked；play - played；visit - visited。 以字母 e 结尾的动词，在词尾加 - d。例如：live - lived；like - liked；use - used。​ 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，先将 y 变为 i，再加 - ed。例如：study - studied；carry - carried；worry - worried。​ 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 - ed。例如：stop - stopped；plan - planned；drop - dropped。​ 2.不规则变化 英语中有许多动词的过去式和过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。例如：be - was/were - been；go - went - gone；come - came - come；have - had - had；do - did - done；see - saw - seen；make - made - made；take - took - taken；get - got - got/gotten 等。​ 三、常用动词短语结构​ （一）动词 + 介词​ 常见的有： look for（寻找）、look after（照顾）、ask for（请求；要求）、laugh at（嘲笑）、hear of（听说）、wait for（等待）、listen to（听）、look at（看）、point to（指向）等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。例如：​ I am looking for my keys.（我正在找我的钥匙。）​ We should take care of the old.（我们应该照顾老人。）​ （二）动词 + 副词​ 常见的有： give up（放弃）、pick up（捡起；接某人）、think over（仔细考虑）、find out（查明；弄清楚）、hand in（上交）、put on（穿上；上演）、take off（脱下；起飞）、turn on（打开）、turn off（关闭）、turn up（调高音量；出现）、turn down（调低音量；拒绝）等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。例如：​ He picked up the book. = He picked the book up.（他捡起了那本书。）​ Please turn it on.（请把它打开。）​ （三）动词 + 副词 + 介词​ 常见的有： go on with（继续）、catch up with（赶上）、look forward to（期待）、get along with（与…… 相处）等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。例如：​ Let's go on with our work.（让我们继续我们的工作。）​ You must catch up with your classmates.（你必须赶上你的同学们。）​ （四）动词 + 名词 + 介词​ 常见的有： take care of（照顾）、make use of（利用）、pay attention to（注意）、make fun of（取笑）、take part in（参加）、have a look at（看一下）等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。例如：​ We should make good use of our time.（我们应该充分利用我们的时间。）​ You should pay attention to your pronunciation.（你应该注意你的发音。）​ （五）be + 形容词 + 介词​ 常见的有： be good at（擅长）、be interested in（对…… 感兴趣）、be afraid of（害怕）、be late for（迟到）、be angry with（对某人生气）、be strict with（对某人严格）、be friendly to（对某人友好）等。例如：​ She is good at singing.（她擅长唱歌。）​ I am interested in English.（我对英语感兴趣。） 一、单项选择 1．—Which club does Emma want to join? —She wants to join the _________ club because she can _________ well. A．sports; dance B．sports; dances C．music; dances D．music; dance 2．—Listen! Who ______ in the music room? —Lily and Lucy. They enjoy singing when they ______ free. A．sing; has B．is singing; are C．sings; has D．are singing; is 3．—What time ________ Jack ________ a shower? —At half past six in the morning. A．do; take B．do; takes C．does; take D．does; takes 4．There ________ a teacher’s desk and 40 student desks in the classroom. They ________ so tidy. A．is, are B．am, is C．are, is D．are, are 5．Miss Gao is amazing and she makes everyone in the class ________ special. A．feel B．feels C．to feel D．feeling 6．— What animals ________ Chen Jie’s uncle have on his farm? — He ________ cows, horses and sheep. A．does; has B．do; have C．do; has D．does; have 7．I often ________ with my friends in the park when I ________ a child. A．play; am B．played; am C．play; was D．played; was 8．There ________ still some apple juice in the bottle. You can drink it. A．is B．are C．was D．were 9．Some of the children are watching a movie, and ________ are playing with toys. Everyone ________ happy while waiting for their parents in the room. A．others; is B．the rest; are C．others; are D．the rest; is 10．—________ any people in the room? —No, there ________. A．Are; isn’t B．Are; aren’t C．Is; isn’t D．Is; aren’t 11．Boys, don’t play in the street! There ________ many cars here. A．are B．is C．isn’t D．aren’t 12．—Don’t forget to bring an umbrella when you come to visit Yangzhou in July. —You are right. It ________ be rainy during that time. A．need B．may C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 13．Linda ________ my best friend. She and I ________ in the same school. A．is; am B．is; are C．are; is D．are; am 14．— ________ the bookcases? — They are next to the window. A．Where is B．What is C．What are D．Where are 15．—There ________ a library and two reading rooms in our school. —Wonderful! And there ________ some juice on sale in the dining hall. A．are; is B．is; are C．are; are D．is; is 16．— ________ your room? — Yes. It is small but clean. A．Are these B．What are C．Is this D．Does it 17．You ________ worry about how to solve the problem. I will always be on your side. A．may not B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 18．—Who ________ the dishes in your family? —My father ________. A．washes; do B．washes; does C．wash; do D．wash; wash 19．—Hey, any plans for Saturday morning? How about visiting Xinyu Museum? —Ah, sorry, I______ take part in the piano competition. A．can B．have to C．might D．would 20．—Excuse me, how much ______ the jeans made ______ cotton? —Oh, they’re cheap now. They’re only $25. A．are; of B．are; from C．is; of D．is; from 21．Emma can ______ well, so she wants ______ the music club. A．sings; join B．sing; joining C．sings; joins D．sing; to join 22．You ________ be shy. You are good at so many things. A．may not B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．can 23．—Emma, ________ I use your eraser? —Of course, you can. Here you are. A．should B．must C．can D．need 24．—There are seven people in ________ family. —Wow, her family ________ very big. A．Amy; is B．Amy’s; is C．Amy; are D．Amy’s; am 25．Jack ______ lunch at school. He ______ lunch at home. A．don’t have; have B．doesn’t have; has C．don’t have; has D．doesn’t have; have 26．—What ________ your brother do? —He is a teacher. He teaches ________ English in our school. A．does; we B．is; us C．does; us D．do; we 27．—________ your classroom big or small? —It ________ big. A．Are; is B．Is; is C．Is; are D．Are; are 28．—You and Sam ________ in Class 8, right? —No, we ________. A．is; are B．am; are C．are; aren’t D．is; aren’t 29．—________ that your old bike? —________. Look! My bike is here. A．Is; Yes, it is B．Is; No, it isn’t C．Are; No, it isn’t D．Are; Yes, it is 30．Some students ________ housework at home. A．doesn’t B．don’t C．doesn’t do D．don’t do 31．The boy often ________ the old people, and he ________ a good student in our school. A．help; is B．helps; is C．help; are D．helps; are 32．There ________ some tall trees behind the house now. A．is B．are C．was D．were 33．Jack can ________ three languages. I think ________ really has a talent. A．speaks; he B．speak; he C．speaks; him D．speak; him 34．—________ Dave ________ his homework every day? —Yes, of course. A．Do; do B．Does; do C．Do; does D．Does; does 35．—________ you play basketball, Mike? —No. But I am good at football. A．Can B．Need C．Should D．Must 36．Sandy, you ________ play with knives. It’s too dangerous. A．may B．can C．mustn’t D．needn’t 37．—When ________ he ________ Chinese at a college in London? —Two years ago. A．does; teach B．will; teach C．did; teach D．is; teaching 38．—________ you often ________ volleyball with your classmates after school? —Yes, there’s so much fun. A．Do; play B．Will; play C．Are; playing D．Did; play 39．We ________ follow the traffic rules when crossing the road. A．may B．can C．might D．must 40．The cat ________ climb trees but it ________ swim. A．can; can’t B．can; don’t C．does; isn’t D．can; isn’t 41．What a sunny day it is! How about _______ cycling in the park? A．go B．go to C．to go D．going 42．This hat is ________ wool and it makes her ________ warm. A．made from; feel B．made from; feeling C．made of; feels D．made of; feel 43．My sister ________ love dolls when she was little, but now she is more into books. A．was used to B．used to C．is used to D．gets used to 44．—Sam, would you please help me ________ Spring Festival Couplets? —Of course, mum. A．put on B．put up C．leave for D．care about 45．Little Tom looks smart ________ the jeans, and it goes well ________ his white boots. A．with; on B．with; in C．on; with D．in; with 46．—Lucy, let me first ________ you ________ our school. —That will be great. A．show; visit B．bring; around C．show; around D．take; visit 47．If you want to be a scientist like Qian Xuesen, spend more time ________ maths hard. A．studying B．to study C．to count D．counting 48．—Why do you think English classes are interesting? —Because we’re asked to ________ stories in English with deskmates. A．work out B．get out C．act out D．give out 49．While reading, try not to ________ the dictionary too much. A．put up B．agree with C．care about D．depend on 50．— Mom, could I ________ the TV to watch my favorite talk show? It will start in five minutes. — Sure, but don’t sit too close to the television. A．turn on B．turn off C．turn up D．turn down 51．—I’m not tall. Can you help me ________ these new pictures on the wall? —Of course! A．care about B．depend on C．take apart D．put up 52．People often say “The whole year’s work ________ a good start in spring.” A．puts on B．gets on C．depends on D．goes on 53．The World Cup is an international competition that ________ every four years. A．takes up B．takes part C．takes place D．takes off 54．—Dr. Smith, my son spends too much time on the computer. What should I do? —Do different activities with him, and he may not ________ the computer too much. A．get over B．leave for C．look up D．depend on 55．We often ________ paper cuttings to ________ good luck. A．put up; wish for B．put up ; in the hope of C．put on; wish for D．put on; in the hope of 56．Remember ________ the lights when you leave. A．turn on B．to turn on C．turn off D．to turn off 57．The umbrella will protect you_________the rain. A．from B．with C．by D．out 58．—Tommy, would you like to buy these jeans? —No, thanks, mum. They are too expensive. You always tell me ________. A．to have a busy day B．to buy shoes C．to save for a rainy day D．to exercise more 59．People can easily borrow ideas from other cultures online to help them ________. A．stand up B．stand out C．pick up D．pick out 60．Students should learn how to ________ dictionary. A．make use of B．look out of C．fall in love with D．run out of 二、完形填空 Giraffe Lola wants to have fun with others. She thinks about joining a 61 . She goes to a tennis club first. Why? Because she wants 62 tennis with her best friend Jane. The teacher 63 to Lola, “You’re up there. The net (网) is down here. Sorry!” Lola has to go to the next club. There she sees some pandas playing soccer. She thinks it’s 64 . “Excuse me, Miss. Can I play soccer 65 this club?” Lola asks the teacher. The teacher answers, “Sorry. You run too 66 with long legs.” Then Lola sees 67 swimming club. She thinks she can do it easily. “Miss, can I swim?” Lola asks. “The pool is only 2 m, but you’re too tall. Sorry!” The teacher says. Lola isn’t happy and 68 to a basketball club. There she sees her classmates. “Come on, Lola!” Alan calls her. “We need you!” “Miss, 69 I too tall?” Lola asks. “No,” the teacher says. “For 70 club, you’re just good!” 61．A．club B．life C．reason D．activity 62．A．play B．to play C．plays D．playing 63．A．climbs B．remembers C．says D．reads 64．A．boring B．healthy C．delicious D．fun 65．A．in B．on C．under D．from 66．A．then B．hard C．fast D．pretty 67．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 68．A．listens B．walks C．talks D．wants 69．A．am B．is C．be D．are 70．A．we B．us C．her D．our 三、阅读理解 “Henry! Knock it off! If you do that one more time, I’m going to throw you out of this boat,” warned Cameron angrily. “Yeah, right,” said Henry and half-heartedly rowed the boat up the river. Henry and Cameron were chosen to be partners, but they certainly weren’t friends. Cameron looked down on Henry and spent his time at summer camp keeping away from him. Henry never followed the rules, and that drove Cameron crazy. Cameron hated the fact that the boat ride was at least 5 miles long. Just then Cameron felt some small drops of water again on his neck. “Henry!” shouted Cameron loudly. “I said to leave me alone.” “I’m not doing anything!” answered Henry coolly. “If you look up, you will see that Mother Nature is touching you with water.” Sure enough, when Cameron looked up, he could see light rain coming down. Things got quiet in the boat after that. Before long, the small drops turned into large ones, and thunder and lightning began racing across the sky. Cameron didn’t know what to do. All he remembered was hearing stories about never to be on the water during a lightning storm. There was nothing in sight. Where could they get shelter? At that moment, Henry took over. He guided Cameron to control the boat towards some small wooden houses up ahead. By the time they reached the houses, they were all wet. Lightning continued to flash and they took shelter in the house. 71．According to the story, Cameron and Henry _________. A．both enjoyed the boat ride B．worked together to solve a problem C．were friends with each other D．knew each other for a long time 72．Why didn’t Cameron like Henry? A．Because Henry rowed the boat half-heartedly. B．Because Henry warned Cameron angrily. C．Because Henry always broke the rules. D．Because Henry was crazy about rowing. 73．What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “get shelter” in the last paragraph? A．get some food to eat B．get a place to stay safe C．get someone’s help D．get some water to drink 74．According to the passage, which is the right order? a. Cameron and Henry were safe in a house. b. Cameron and Henry rowed the boat carelessly. c. A light rain became lightning storm. d. Cameron and Henry became partners. A．c-b-d-a B．b-d-c-a C．b-d-a-c D．d-b-c-a 参考答案 一、 1．D 【解析】句意：——艾玛想加入哪个俱乐部？——她想加入音乐俱乐部，因为她舞跳得很好。 考查名词和情态动词用法。sports运动；music音乐；dance跳舞。首先从第二空入手，第二空前有情态动词can，动词用原形，排除BC；其次观察选项，A选项不符合，因为sports和dance不是一类，D选项符合题意。故选D。 2．B 【解析】句意：——听！谁在音乐室里唱歌？——莉莉和露西。她们有空的时候喜欢唱歌。 考查动词时态。第一空，根据“Listen”可知应使用现在进行时，be+动词现在分词形式，who作主语，be动词用is，即is singing；第二空be free“空闲的”，主语是they，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。 3．C 【解析】句意：——杰克什么时候洗澡？ ——早上六点半。 考查一般现在时的特殊疑问句。根据答语“At half past six in the morning.”可知，此处询问现在的情况，句子时态应用一般现在时，且主语“Jim”为第三人称单数，特殊疑问句需借助助动词does，后接动词原形take。故选C。 4．A 【解析】句意：教室里有一张老师的桌子和四十张学生的桌子。它们是如此整洁。 考查主谓一致。根据“There ... a teacher’s desk and 40 student desks”可知，空一处是there be句型，be的形式应遵循“就近原则”，就近的主语a teacher’s desk是第三人称单数，因此be用is；根据“They”可知，空二处be动词用are。故选A。 5．A 【解析】句意：高老师很了不起，她让班里的每个人都感觉自己很特别。 考查使役动词的用法。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事” ，固定结构。make是使役动词，其后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。所以空处应填动词原形feel。故选A。 6．A 【解析】句意：——陈杰的叔叔在他的农场里有什么动物？——他有牛、马和羊。 考查动词和助动词。does做，是第三人称单数形式；do做，是复数形式；has有，是第三人称单数形式；have有，是复数形式。主语Chen Jie’s uncle是第三人称单数形式，因此用助动词does；主语he是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式has，故选A。 7．D 【解析】句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常和朋友们在公园里玩。 考查动词时态。play玩，动词原形；played玩，过去式；am是，一般现在时；was是，过去式。根据“when I ... a child”可知，本句主、从句都用一般过去时，动词都用过去式。故选D。 8．A 【解析】句意：瓶子里还有一些苹果汁。你可以喝它。 考查be动词。is是，主语是单数；are是，主语是复数；was是，is的过去式；were是，are的过去式。句子表达的是现在的状态，属于一般现在时；根据主语some orange juice是不可数名词可知，应用is，故选A。 9．A 【解析】句意：一些孩子在看电影，其他人在玩玩具。在屋里等待父母时，每个人都是开心的。 考查代词辨析和主谓一致。第一个空根据“Some of the children are watching a movie, and ... are playing with toys.”，这里表达其他孩子在玩玩具，“others” 可以表示其他人或物，“the rest” 表示剩余的部分，后面通常要接 “of + 名词”，这里没有 “of + 名词” 这种结构，所以这里用 “others” 更合适。第二个空根据“Everyone” 是一个不定代词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以这里用 “is”。故选A。 10．B 【解析】句意：——房间里有人吗？——不，没有。 考查be动词。Are是，be的第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时；aren’t不是；Is是，be 的第三人称单数现在时形式；isn’t不是。根据问句“any people”可知，是一些人，所以be动词用are。根据“No, there…”可知，是否定回答。问句be动词用are，所以第二空填aren’t。故选B。 11．A 【解析】句意：孩子们，不要在街上玩！这里有许多汽车。 考查there be句型。are，be动词的复数形式；is，be动词的第三人称单数形式；isn’t ，is的否定；aren’t，are的否定。根据“There…many cars here.”和选项可知，此处考查there be句型中be动词的选择；又根据前一句“Boys, don’t play in the street!”可知，此处应该表达这里有许多汽车，表达肯定，且该句中的主语名词cars是复数形式，所以be动词要用are。故选A。 12．B 【解析】句意：——你七月份来扬州游玩的时候，别忘了带把伞。——你说得对。那段时间可能会下雨。 考查情态动词辨析。need需要；may可能，也许；mustn’t不能，不允许；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Don’t forget to bring an umbrella when you come to visit Yangzhou in July.”可知，此处是对未来天气的推测，表示那时的扬州可能下雨，may“可能，也许”，表示推测，符合语境。故选B。 13．B 【解析】句意：Linda是我最好的朋友。她和我在同一所学校。 考查主谓一致。第一个空处Linda作主语，be动词用单数is；She and I作主语，be动词用复数are。故选B。 14．D 【解析】句意：——书架在哪里？ ——它们在窗户旁边。 考查特殊疑问句。where在哪里；What什么。根据“They are next to the window”可知，此处是询问书架在哪里，应用where提问，“the bookcases”为复数名词，be动词应用are。故选D。 15．D 【解析】句意：——我们学校有一个图书馆和两个阅览室。 ——很棒的！餐厅里有果汁出售。 考查be动词和主谓一致。根据“There … a library and two reading rooms…”可知，此处考查there be句型，遵循“就近原则”，“a library”为第三人称单数，be动词应用is，排除A和C；第二空，根据“there … some juice…”可知，“some juice”为第三人称单数，be动词应用is，排除B。故选D。 16．C 【解析】句意：——这是你的房间吗？——是的。它很小但很干净。 考查一般疑问句。根据“Yes.”可知，问句为一般疑问句，选项B“What are”是特殊疑问句，故排除选项B。根据“room”可知，这是名词单数，选项A“Are these”后要跟名词复数，故排除选项A。选项D“Does it”是助动词does引导的一般疑问句，适用于句中有实义动词的情况，而本题问句中没有实义动词。“Is this”意为“这是……吗”，后跟名词单数，询问“这是你的房间吗”，符合语境。故选C。 17．D 【解析】句意：你不必担心如何解决这个问题。我永远在你身边。 考查情态动词。may not可能不；mustn’t禁止；can’t不能；needn’t不必，不需要。根据“I will always be on your side.”可知，说话人会帮助对方，所以安慰对方不必担心。故选D。 18．B 【解析】句意：——你们家里谁洗碗？——我爸爸洗。 考查动词和主谓一致。根据“My father”可知，Who为第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式；“My father”作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。故选B。 19．B 【解析】句意：——嘿，星期六早上有什么计划吗？去参观新余博物馆怎么样？——啊，对不起，我得参加钢琴比赛。 考查情态动词的用法。can能；have to不得不；might可能；would会。根据答句“Ah, sorry, I...take part in the piano competition.”可知，说话者在拒绝对方的提议，理由是参加钢琴比赛，这表明说话者有必须做的事情。情态动词“have to”表示“不得不、必须”，符合句意。故选B。 20．A 【解析】句意：——不好意思，请问这条棉制的牛仔裤多少钱？——噢，现在很便宜了，只要25美元。 考查主谓一致和动词短语辨析。be made of由……制成，看得出原材料；be made from由……制成，看不出原材料。主语“jeans”是复数名词，所以需要用“are”；牛仔裤由棉布制成，且棉布作为原材料可以被辨认，用“be made of”。故选A。 21．D 【解析】句意：Emma唱歌唱得很好，所以她想要加入音乐俱乐部。 考查情态动词和固定搭配。根据“can”可知此处应接动词原形，所以第一空填sing；根据“want”可知此处应接不定式形式，want to do sth“想要做某事”，所以第二空填to join。故选D。 22．C 【解析】句意：你不需要害羞。你擅长这么多事情。 考查情态动词。may not可能不；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要；can可以。根据“You are good at so many things.”可知，对方擅长很多事情，所以认为对方不需要害羞，故选C。 23．C 【解析】句意：——Emma，我可以用一下你的橡皮擦吗？——当然可以，给你。 考查情态动词。should应该；must必须；can可以；need需要。根据答语中的“Of course, you can.”可知，此处表示“请求允许”，应用can。故选C。 24．B 【解析】句意：——艾米的家里有七口人。——哇，她的家庭（规模）非常大。 考查名词所有格和be动词。根据“There are seven people in ... family.”可知，此处表示“在艾米的家庭里”，需用名词所有格表示所属关系，故排除A、C选项。根据“her family ... very big”可知，主语“her family”意为“她的家庭”，是一个整体概念，视为单数，be动词用is。故选B。 25．B 【解析】句意：杰克不在学校吃午饭。他在家吃午饭。 考查主谓一致。前一句中的主语“Jack”是第三人称单数，故一般现在时的否定句中助动词用doesn’t，后跟动词原形，可排除AC两项；后一句中的主语“He”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式，have的第三人称单数形式为has。故选B。 26．C 【解析】句意：——你哥哥是做什么的？——他是老师。他在我们的学校教我们英语。 考查助动词及宾格代词。根据“... your brother do”可知，do是实义动词，空处用助动词构成疑问句，主语your brother为第三人称单数，助动词用does。we我们，主格代词；us我们，宾格代词。此处是作动词teaches的宾语，用宾格代词。故选C。 27．B 【解析】句意：——你的教室大还是小？——它很大。 考查主谓一致。分析句子可知，主语是your classroom，be动词用单数is；答语中It作主语，be动词用is。故选B。 28．C 【解析】句意：——你和萨姆在8班，对吗？——不，我们不是。 考查主谓一致。You and Sam作主语，be动词用are，第一个空填are；we作主语，此处作否定回答，应该用aren’t。故选C。 29．B 【解析】句意：——那是你的旧自行车吗？——不，不是。看！我的自行车在这里。 考查一般疑问句。根据答语“My bike is here”可知，上句是问是不是对方的旧自行车，主语“your old bike”表示单数，系动词用is；回答为否定回答，故选B。 30．D 【解析】句意：一些学生在家不做家务。 考查主谓一致。根据“Some students…housework at home.”可知，此处指一些学生在家不做家务，do housework“做家务”，动词短语；此句时态为一般现在时，主语是Some students，变否定句，应借助助动词don’t，其后接动词原形。故选D。 31．B 【解析】句意：这个男孩经常帮助老人，他是我们学校的一个好学生。 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。help帮助，动词原形；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；are 是，be动词的一种形式，用于第二人称单复数(you)和所有复数形式(we，they等)的现在时态。第一个空，根据句意以及“often”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语boy是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。第二个空，主语he是第三人称单数，be动词应是is。故选B。 32．B 【解析】句意：现在房子后面有一些高大的树。 考查be动词。根据“now”可知句子描述的是现在的状态，所以应该使用一般现在时。又因为“some tall trees”是复数名词，所以be动词应该用复数形式“are”。故选B。 33．B 【解析】句意：杰克会说三种语言。我觉得他真的很有天赋。 考查情态动词的用法和代词辨析。he他，人称代词的主格；him他，人称代词的宾格。情态动词can后接动词原形speak，排除选项A和C；动词“has”前为主语，应用主格代词he作主语。故选B。 34．B 【解析】句意：——戴夫每天都做作业吗？——是的，当然。 考查一般疑问句。主语“Dave”为第三人称单数，应借助助动词does构成疑问句，助动词后接动词原形do。故选B。 35．A 【解析】句意：——迈克，你会打篮球吗？——不会。但是我擅长足球。 考查动词辨析。Can能够；Need需要；Should应该；Must必须。根据“No. But I am good at football.”可知，此处应询问对方会不会打篮球，应用情态动词Can，表示能力。故选A。 36．C 【解析】句意：Sandy，你不能玩刀子。那太危险了。 考查情态动词的用法。may可以；can能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不需要。根据“It’s too dangerous.”可知，玩刀子是非常危险的，所以我们禁止这样做，故选C。 37．C 【解析】句意：——他什么时候在伦敦的一所大学教中文的？——两年前。 考查动词时态。根据“Two years ago.”可知，此处询问过去的动作，应使用一般过去时态。故选C。 38．A 【解析】句意：——放学后你经常和同学打排球吗？——是的，很有趣。 考查时态。根据“often”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是you，变疑问句时借助助动词do。故选A。 39．D 【解析】句意：过马路时我们必须遵守交通规则。 考查情态动词。may可以；can能够；might可以；must必须。根据“We ... follow the traffic rules when crossing the road.”可知，我们在过马路时“必须”遵守交通规则，表示一种必要性或强制性，应用“must”。故选D。 40．A 【解析】句意：猫能爬树但不能游泳。 考查情态动词。can能，情态动词；do助动词；is是，be动词。be动词不能和动词原形在一起，第二空后面有实义动词swim，因此直接排除选项C、D。再根据it为第三人称单数，须用does构成否定，排除选项B。故选A。 41．D 【解析】句意：多么晴朗的一天啊！去公园骑自行车怎么样？ 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。根据空格后“cycling”可知，此处考查动词短语：go cycling，意为“去骑自行车”，故排除B选项；又根据空前“about”是介词，所以此处应该填入动名词作宾语。故选D。 42．D 【解析】句意：这顶帽子是羊毛做的，它让她感到温暖。 考查动词短语及非谓语动词。be made of由……制成，能看出原材料；be made from由……制成，看不出原材料。根据“This hat is...wool”的语境可知，此处指这顶帽子是羊毛做的，可以看出原材料，用be made of；make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，是固定词组。故选D。 43．B 【解析】句意：我妹妹小时候曾经很喜欢洋娃娃，但现在她更喜欢书。 考查动词短语。was used to过去习惯于某事，通常后面接名词或动名词；used to过去经常做某事或过去有某种习惯；is used to 表示“现在习惯于某事”；gets used to 表示“逐渐习惯于某事”。根据句意，此处表示过去常常做某事，故选B。 44．B 【解析】句意：——山姆，你能帮我贴春联吗？——当然可以，妈妈。 考查动词短语。put on穿上，增加（体重）；put up张贴；leave for动身去；care about关心。根据“Spring Festival Couplets”可知，应是张贴春联，故选B。 45．D 【解析】句意：小汤姆穿牛仔裤看起来很漂亮，和他的白靴子很搭。 考查介词辨析和固定搭配。with和；on在……上；in穿着。in+衣服，表示“穿着……”，第一空用in表示“穿着牛仔裤”；go well with“与……搭配得好”，固定搭配。故选D。 46．C 【解析】句意：——露西，让我先带你参观一下我们的学校。——那太好了。 考查动词短语。根据“let me first...you...our school”可知，此处表示“让我先带你参观一下我们的学校”，show sb. around意为“带某人参观”。故选C。 47．A 【解析】句意：如果你想成为像钱学森那样的科学家，花多点时间认真学习数学。 考查动词辨析和动名词作宾语。study学习；count数数。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，study maths hard“认真学习数学”。故选A。 48．C 【解析】句意：——你为什么觉得英语课有趣？——因为我们被要求和同桌一起用英语表演故事。 考查动词短语辨析。work out计算出；get out出去；act out表演；give out分发。根据“Because we’re asked to…stories in English with deskmates.”可知，此处说的是和同桌一起用英语表演故事。故选C。 49．D 【解析】句意：阅读时，尽量不要太依赖字典。 考查动词短语。put up张贴；agree with同意；care about关心；depend on依赖。根据“While reading, try not to…the dictionary too much.”可知，此处建议不要太依赖字典，D项符合。故选D。 50．A 【解析】句意：——妈妈，我可以打开电视看我最喜欢的谈话节目吗？它五分钟后开始。——当然，不过不要坐得太近。 考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开；turn off关闭；turn up调高音量；turn down调低音量。根据“the TV to watch my favorite talk show”和“It will start in five minutes.”可知，此处指打开电视看最喜欢的节目。故选A。 51．D 【解析】句意：——我个子不高。你能帮我把这些新图片贴在墙上吗？——当然！ 考查动词短语。care about关心；depend on依靠；take apart拆开；put up张贴。根据“these new pictures on the wall”可知，是指把新图片贴在墙上。故选D。 52．C 【解析】句意：人们常说“一年之计在于春”。 考查动词短语辨析。puts on增加；gets on上车；depends on取决于；goes on发生。根据“The whole year’s work...a good start in spring.”可知，此处表示整年的工作取决于春天的良好开端。故选C。 53．C 【解析】句意：世界杯是每四年举行一次的国际比赛。 考查动词短语辨析。take up占据；take part参加；take place举行；take off起飞。根据“The World Cup is an international competition that ... every four years.”可知，比赛每四年举行一次，故选C。 54．D 【解析】句意：——史密斯博士，我儿子在电脑上花的时间太多了。我该怎么办？——和他一起做不同的活动，这样他就不会太依赖电脑了。 考查动词短语。get over克服；leave for前往；look up查阅；depend on依赖。根据“my son spends too much time on the computer. What should I do?”和“Do different activities with him”可知，孩子花太多时间在电脑上，医生建议和孩子做不同的活动，这样孩子可能就不会太“依赖”电脑。故选D。 55．A 【解析】句意：我们经常张贴剪纸来祈求好运。 考查动词短语。put up张贴；put on穿上；wish for祈求；in the hope of怀着……的希望。根据“We often...paper cuttings to...good luck.”可知，第一个空表达张贴剪纸，put up“张贴”；第二个空wish for good luck表达“祈求好运”。故选A。 56．D 【解析】句意：你离开时记得关灯。 考查动词短语。turn on打开；turn off关上。remember to do sth.意为“记得去做某事”，remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”；根据“when you leave”可知此处指“记得关灯”，应用remember to do sth.这一结构，故选D。 57．A 【解析】句意：这把伞会保护你不受雨淋。 考查介词辨析。from从；with和……一起；by通过；out出去。根据语境可知，此处是在描述这把伞会保护你不受雨淋，protect sb. from sth.表示“保护某人免受某物的伤害”，固定搭配。故选A。 58．C 【解析】句意：——汤米，你想买这条牛仔裤吗？——不，谢谢，妈妈。它们太贵了。你总是告诉我要未雨绸缪。 考查动词短语。to have a busy day度过忙碌的一天；to buy shoes去买鞋；to save for a rainy day未雨绸缪，以备不时之需；to exercise more多锻炼。根据“They are too expensive.”可知，汤米认为牛仔裤太贵了，因此妈妈总是告诉他要未雨绸缪，以备不时之需。故选C。 59．B 【解析】句意：人们可以很容易在网上借鉴其他文化的想法，可以帮助他们在人群中脱颖而出。 考查动词短语含义。stand up站起来 ；stand out脱颖而出；pick up捡起；pick out挑出来。根据“People can easily borrow ideas from other cultures online to help them ... ”可知，在网上借鉴其他文化的想法，可以帮助他们在人群中“脱颖而出”符合题意，故选B。 60．A 【解析】句意：学生应该学会如何使用字典。 考查动词短语辨析。make use of使用；look out of从……向外看；fall in love with爱上……；run out of用光。make use of dictionary表示“使用字典”。故选A。 二、 61．A 62．B 63．C 64．D 65．A 66．C 67．A 68．B 69．A 70．D 【解析】本文讲述了长颈鹿洛拉想和别人一起玩，她考虑加入一个俱乐部。她先后去了网球俱乐部、足球俱乐部以及游泳俱乐部，都给拒绝了。最后，她来到篮球俱乐部，发现自己正合适。 61．句意：她想参加一个俱乐部。 club俱乐部；life生活；reason原因；activity活动。根据下文“She goes to a tennis club first.”可知，她想参加一个俱乐部。故选A。 62．句意：因为她想和她最好的朋友简打网球。 play玩，踢，原形；to play玩，踢，不定式；plays玩，踢，第三人称单数；playing玩，踢，分词形式。根据“wants”可知，want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故选B。 63．句意：老师对洛拉说：“你在上面。网在下面这里。对不起!” climbs爬；remembers记住；says说；reads读。根据“‘You’re up there. The net (网) is down here. Sorry!’”可知，老师是对洛拉说。故选C。 64．句意：她认为这很有趣。 boring无聊的；healthy健康的；delicious可口的；fun有趣的。根据“There she sees some pandas playing soccer.”以及下文“‘Excuse me, Miss. Can I play soccer ... this club?’”可知，洛拉认为足球俱乐部有趣。故选D。 65．句意：“对不起，小姐，我能在这个俱乐部踢足球吗？”洛拉问老师。 in在……里面；on在……上面；under在……下面；from来自。根据“‘Excuse me, Miss. Can I play soccer ... this club?’Lola asks the teacher.”可知，此处洛拉询问能否在这个俱乐部里踢足球。故选A。 66．句意：老师回答说：“对不起。你长腿跑得太快了。” then然后；hard努力的；fast快的；pretty漂亮的。根据“ Sorry. You run too ... with long legs.”可知，此处表达“你的长腿跑得太快了”。故选C。 67．句意：然后洛拉看到了一个游泳俱乐部。 a一个，用于辅音音素单词前；an一个，用于元音音素单词前；/零冠词；the特指。根据“Then Lola sees ... swimming club.”可知，此处表泛指，且“swimming”为辅音音素开头的单词。故选A。 68．句意：洛拉不高兴，走到一个篮球俱乐部。 listens听；walks走；talks谈话；wants想。根据“Lola isn’t happy and ... to a basketball club. There she sees her classmates.”可知，洛拉走到了一个篮球俱乐部。故选B。 69．句意：“老师，我是不是太高了？”洛拉问。 am是；is是；be是；are是。根据“I”可知，需用be动词“am”。故选A。 70．句意：“对我们俱乐部来说，你太棒了！” we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；her她，宾格；our我们的。根据“club”可知，需用形容词性物主代词，是老师和洛拉直接对话，所以是“我们的俱乐部”。故选D。 三、 71．B 72．C 73．B 74．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了原本不是朋友的Henry和Cameron被选为搭档一起划船，在划船过程中遇到困难一起解决的故事。 71．细节理解题。根据“Henry and Cameron were chosen to be partners, but they certainly weren’t friends.”可知，Henry和Cameron是搭档，一起解决问题，故选B。 72．细节理解题。根据“Henry never followed the rules, and that drove Cameron crazy.”可知，Henry从不遵守规则，这使得Cameron发疯，这就是Cameron不喜欢Henry的原因，故选C。 73．词句猜测题。根据“There was nothing in sight. Where could they get shelter?”以及前文内容可知Henry和Cameron遇到电闪雷鸣，雨渐渐变大的情况，需要有地方躲藏，即“找到安全的地方”，故选B。 74． 细节理解题。根据“Henry and Cameron were chosen to be partners”可知，Henry和Cameron先是成为了搭档，“Cameron and Henry rowed the boat carelessly.”一起粗心地划船，“A light rain became lightning storm.”后遇到小雨，逐渐地变成了闪电风暴，“Lightning continued to flash and they took shelter in the house.”但最终他们找到了一所房子，在里面很安全。故选D。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$