第01讲 Unit 1 Look it up!（知识全梳理&考点精准练）-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（沪教版2024）

第01讲 Unit 1 Look it up!（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 1. 单词学习 序号 英文 音标 词性及中文含义 1 dinosaur /'daɪnəsɔː(r)/ n. 恐龙 p. 4 2 intelligent /ɪn'telɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 p. 5 3 talented /'tæləntɪd/ adj. 有才能的；天才的 p. 5 4 artistic /ɑː'tɪstɪk/ adj. 有艺术天赋的；（尤指）有美术才能的 p. 5 5 perhaps /pə'hæps/ adv. 可能；大概；也许 p. 5 6 notebook /'nəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本 p. 5 7 vehicle /'viːəkl/ n. 交通工具；车辆 p. 5 8 prehistoric /ˌpriːhɪ'stɒrɪk/ adj. 史前的 p. 5 9 completely /kəm'pliːtli/ adv. 完全地；彻底地 p. 5 10 original /ə'rɪdʒənl/ adj. 原来的；起初的 p. 8 11 birth /bɜːθ/ n. 出生 p. 8 12 suffering /'sʌfərɪŋ/ n. 苦难；疼痛 p. 8 13 artist /'ɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 p. 11 14 piece /piːs/ n. （音乐作品的）一首 p. 11 15 death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡 p. 12 16 whole /həʊl/ adj. 全部的；所有的 p. 12 17 editor /'edɪtə(r)/ n. （书籍的）编辑 p. 14 18 organize /'ɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 安排；组织 p. 14 19 order /'ɔːdə(r)/ n. 顺序 p. 14 20 record /rɪ'kɔːd/ v. 记录 p. 14 短 语 die out 灭绝 p. 4 a type of 一种 p. 5 be related to 与……属于同一种类 p. 5 general education 通识教育 p. 14 go back a long way 历史悠久 p. 14 be similar to 与……相似 p. 14 alphabetical order 字母顺序 p. 14 play an important role 起到重要作用 p. 14 2. 教材原文 Reading Read the two entries from a children’s encyclopaedia to learn more about Leonardo da Vinci and dinosaurs. ( Culture and arts arts ) Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. ( The living world ) Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards². They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils. 3. 知识点梳理 考点1 Look it up！查阅它！（教材P2） 【详解】look up 主要有以下两种含义。 例句：I am using the dictionary to look up a new word. 我正在用字典查一个新单词。 I looked up and saw beautiful clouds in the sky. 我抬头看见天空中有美丽的云。 注意：在look up(动词+副词)的结构中，如果宾语是名词，名词可以位于look up 之后， 也可以位于look 和up 之间。如 look up a new word/ look a new word up。 若宾语是代词，则代词必须位于look和up之间。如 look it/ them up。 【拓展】look的相关短语 • look around 环顾 • look after 照顾 • look at 看 • look for 寻找 • look up 向上看；查阅 • look down on 瞧不起 •look up to 尊敬；钦佩 • look through 浏览 • look over 检查 • look out 小心 • look forward to 期待 考点2 Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 达芬奇非常聪明，他在很多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。（教材P5） 【详解】①．intelligent adj. adj. 有才智的；聪明的 → intelligence n. 聪明；才智 ②．talented adj. 有才能的；天才的 → talent n. 才能，天赋 短语运用： be talented in... 在某方面有才能/ 天赋 = be gifted in 例句：From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. （教材原句P5） 他从小就表现出极大的智慧和艺术天赋。 考点3 Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. 列奥纳多·达·芬奇出生在意大利的乡村。（教材P5） 【详解】be born 意为“出生”, 其后可接地点状语或时间状语，用于一般过去时，即was/ were born。 birth 名词，意为“出生”。 Year of birth 出生年份 （教材P8） at birth 出生时 【短语拓展】 be born in+ 地点 出生在某地 Be born in/ on +时间 出生于... （某年某月用in， 某一天用on） be born with 与生俱来；天生具有 be born as 天生就是 考点4 For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.例如，他的笔记本中有一些有趣的飞行器和其他交通工具的图画。（教材P5） 【详解】include ：动词，意为“包含；包括”，作谓语。 vehicles： 名词，意为“交通工具；车辆” 【用法辨析】include，including和included ①include（动词，意为“包括；包含” ，作谓语 ） 1. The price of the tour includes accommodation and meals.这次旅行的费用包括住宿和餐饮 。 2. Her duties include answering the phone and greeting visitors.她的职责包括接听电话和迎接访客 。 ②including（介词，意为“包括……在内” ，用于列举事物 ） 1. Many students, including Tom, are interested in this project.很多学生，包括汤姆在内，对这个项目感兴趣 。 2. There are various fruits in the basket, including apples, bananas and oranges.篮子里有各种各样的水果，包括苹果、香蕉和橙子 。 ③included（形容词，意为“包括在内的” ，常置于名词或代词后 ） 1. Everyone should pay 100 yuan, postage included.每个人要付100元，邮费包括在内 。 2. All the necessary materials, a map included, are provided for the trip.这次旅行所需的所有材料，包括一张地图，都已备好 。 考点5 Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. 恐龙是一种史前动物。（教材P5） 【详解】 a type of： 一种。 此句中type 是名词，意为“种类，一类”。 type 还可以作动词，意为“打字。” prehistoric：adj. 意为“史前的”。 prehistoric=pre（（在……之前））+ historic（ 历史（性）的） 考点6 They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards.它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。（教材P5） 【详解】 be related to... 意为“与……属于同一种类 ”，还有“与...有关”的意思。 例句：The story we read in class is related to the history of our country. 我们在课堂上读的故事与我们国家的历史有关。 考点7 Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. 恐龙生活在陆地上，用两条或四条腿行走。（教材P5） 【详解】"either...or" 意为“或者...或者...”,必须连接语法结构相同的成分（即并列的单词、短语或从句）。 ✅ 连接名词： You can choose either tea or coffee.（茶或咖啡选其一） ✅ 连接动词： She will either call or text you.（打电话或发短信） ✅ 连接介词短语： We can meet either in the library or at the cafe. 主谓一致原则 当用于连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数由最靠近的主语 决定（就近原则）： Either the teacher or the students are responsible.（students 为复数 → 用 are） Either the students or the teacher is responsible.（teacher 为单数 → 用 is） 考点8 Some were as small as chickens，and others were as big as ten elephants.有些像鸡一样小，有些像十头大象一样大。(教材P5) 【详解1】as.....as  与.....一样...... 1) 当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as + 形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“（A和B）一样”......             This tree is as tall as that one. 2) 比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“A不如B....”    Our school is not as big as yours. 【详解2】some ...others...      一些......另一些...... others = other+名词复数。指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。 E. g.: There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill. 【拓展】辨析other，the other，others，another， the others的用法 不定代词 意义 用法 other 另外的人（或物） 常作定语，与可数名词复数连用；其前有the、some等时，也可与单数名词连用。 the other 特指两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”。 others 泛指其他的人或事（物） 泛指别的人或物，相当于“other +可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成“some... others...”。 the others 特指其余所有的所有人或物 特指其余所有的人或物，相当于“the other +可数名词复数”。 another 另外一个 表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”，一般修饰或代替可数名词单数。 例句： Tom always helps other people. 汤姆总是帮助别人。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。 Some students are playing basketball, and others are playing football.一些学生在打篮球，其他的学生在踢足球。 There are 50 students in our class. 20 of them are boys, the others are girls.我们班有50个学生。其中20个是男生，其余的是女生 This cake is delicious. I would like another one.这个蛋糕很好吃。我想再要一个。 考点9 About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. 大约6600万年前，恐龙突然灭绝了。(教材P5) 【详解】die out 意为“灭绝；灭亡”， 是固定短语。 【拓展1】短语辨析 die from （因受伤、事故、严寒等身体外部原因）而死亡 die of （因情感、饥寒、生病、年老等内部原因）而死亡 die off 相继死去 die away 声音变弱,渐渐模糊,逐渐消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火)，逐渐暗淡 die out 熄灭,变弱,消失, (动物) 灭绝 【拓展2】词语辨析die，dead, death 辨析 词性和词义 例句 die 动词; 死亡 The dog died last year. dead 形容词； 死亡的 The dog was dead because of the car accident. death 名词；死亡 People felt sorry for its death. 考点10 Scientists are not completely sure why. 科学家们并不完全确定原因。（教材P5） 【详解】completely adv. 意为“彻底地；完整地”。作程度副词，修饰sure。 【拓展】complete 既可以作形容词，还可以作动词。 ①．作形容词：表示 “完整的；彻底的” This is a complete list of all participants.（这是所有参与者的完整名单。） The movie was a complete disaster.（这部电影彻底失败。） ②作动词：表示“完成；完善”。同义词：finish。 Please complete the form by Friday.（请在周五前填完表格。） The new bridge will complete the highway system.（新桥将使公路系统完善。） The Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408 and had over 11000 volumes.永乐大典于1408年完成，藏书超过11000册。(教材P14) 考点11 They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. 它们与早期的中国百科全书相似，因为它们包含了不同学者的作品。(教材P14) 【详解】be similar to意为“与...相似”，similar是形容词，意为“类似的；相似的”，其中to是介词。 用于比较两个事物（A 和 B）在性质、外观或特征上的相似性，但不完全相同。 【拓展】用于比较的结构 ✅ be the same as 和......一样 My answer is the same as yours. 我的答案和你的是一样的。强调“完全相同”（= 100%相似） ✅ be different from 和.....不同 Chinese food is very different from British food. 中国食物和英国食物很不一样。 考点12 Yuan spent his whole life developing different kinds of hybrid rice.(教材P15) 【详解】spend，cost，pay，take的用法 【详解】whole与all 用法辨析 all与whole的用法 两者都可以翻译成“整个的”、“全部的”，其区别： 1） 修饰单数可数名词或者抽象名词时，它们可以互换，但是词的顺序不一样： all+限定词（the, this, that, my, your）+名词 限定词（the, this, that, my, your）+whole+名词 比如： She has worked all the afternoon. =She has worked the whole afternoon. 她工作了整个下午。 2）修饰复数可数名词时，all的意义是“所有的”，whole的意义是“整整的”，不可以互换。比如： 比如：All students will go there for a meeting.所有的学生都将去那儿开会。 It rained for two whole days. 雨下了两天整。 考点13 Encyclopaedias have played an important role through history in recording and providing information. 百科全书在历史中扮演了记录和提供信息的重要角色。(教材P14 ) 【详解】play an important role in (doing) sth. 在....起重要作用 同义表达：play an important part in (doing) sth. 在....起重要作用 Grammar单元语法：some和any; 复合不定代词 一、some 和any的用法 1） some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 2） some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money? 3）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.   我在某杂志上读到这篇文章。 Any student in this school should follow the rules. 这所学校的任何一个学生都应该遵守规则。    二、复合不定代词 复合不定代词是指由some，any，no，every分别与one，thing，body等组合而成，具体形式如下∶ -one -thing -body some someone something somebody any anyone anything anybody every everyone everything everybody no no one nothing nobody 含有-one和-body的不定代词功能和意义基本相同，含有-one的不定代词比含有-body的不定代词正式。 (1) 带有some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，带有any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 (2) 当表示请求、建议且希望得到对方肯定回答时，some及some构成的不定代词也可以用在一般疑问句中； (3) 含有any的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事”。 (4) 以上复合不定代词都表示单数的概念，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (5) else和形容词作复合不定代词的定语时都要后置，即：不定代词+形容词/else。 Vocabulary practice（教材P7） Here is more information from the encyclopaedia. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below. Change the form if necessary. a type of completely die out perhaps prehistoric In the 1990s, researchers in China discovered something surprising about dinosaurs: some of these (1)____ animals had feathers. This discovery helped explain the connection between birds and dinosaurs. According to scientists, all the non-bird dinosaurs (2)______________, but dinosaurs survived as birds. In fact, birds developed from (3) ____________two - legged, meat - eating dinosaurs called theropods (兽脚类恐龙). (4)____ you've seen exciting movies about dinosaurs like T - Rex （霸王龙）. Well, those huge dinosaurs come from the same family as birds. Today's ducks and chickens aren't scary, but they are actually related to T - Rex! In one way, the dinosaurs never disappeared (5)_________ — they just became smaller. Grammar （教材P10） Complete the conversation between Su Wen and the librarian with some or any. Librarian: Hello, how can I help you? Su Wen: Hi, Miss. Do you have (1)_______ books about dinosaurs? Librarian: Yes, we do. We have (2)_______ next to the encyclopaedias. What type of dinosaurs are you interested in? Su Wen: I don't have (3)__________ idea. I just want to look up (4)_______ facts. Librarian: No problem. Let me show you (5)_______ popular dinosaur books for teenagers. / 考点1： look的短语 1．--Do you have a dictionary? I want to________some new words in it. --Yes, I do. Here you are. A．look for B．look through C．look up D．look over 2．—What are you doing ? —I’m _______my bag . I can’t find it . A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking up 3．She has to stay at home because she must________ her sick brother. A．look at B．look for C．look after D．look up 4．If you want to know the meaning of a word, ________ in a dictionary. A．look it up B．look them up C．to look it up D．look up it 考点2： be born+介词 1．Norman Bethune is a great doctor who was born ________ March 4th, 1890. A．from B．on C．at D．about 2．Tom was not born ________ a family of music, but he is born ________ the ability to sing. A．with...in B．in...with C．with...with 3． —The baby is so lovely. When was he born? —He was born __________ the morning of June 14th. A．in B．at C．on D．for 4．Fu Yuanhui _________ February 7th in 1996 in Wuhan. A．is born in B．was birth on C．were born in D．was born on 考点 3 include, including, included 1．—Do his pets________ the cat? —Yes. He has three pets, ________this one. A．include; include B．include; including C．including; including D．including; include 2．-- Four people were killed in the terrible car accident, a baby __________. -- I’m very sorry to hear that. A．added B．including C．included D．adding 3．—It is said there are still many people who are very poor in Africa. —Yes, many famous movie stars went to help them, ________ Jackie Chan. A．include B．including C．included D．includes 考点4 either...or... 1．—Either you or he ________ going to plant trees this Sunday in the village. —Yes. It’s a great idea to protect the local environment. A．are B．is C．were D．be 2．Either he or I ________ going to host this year’s Talent Show in our school because we are both good at hosting. A．am B．are C．is 考点5 as...as 1．The new science book is not as ________ as the old one. A．interesting B．interest C．interested D．more interesting 2.—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 考点6：other 系列 1．Some audience loves dramas and ________ love animations. A．the others B．others C．the other D．another 2．The museum has five exhibition halls. Three show ancient art, and ______ two display modern works. A．other B．another C．the other D．the others 3．—I don’t like these hats. Could you please show me ________ one? —Sure. We have many new hats. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 4．It’s necessary for the young generation to learn to help ________ people in need. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 5．—This sweater doesn’t fit me very well. Could you please show me __________ one? —I’m sorry, but __________ in our store are the same size as this one. A． the other; another B．the other; the others C．another; the others D．another; others 考点7 die out、die of、 die from 1.—Why are there fewer pandas in the world now? —Because human beings hurt them. We should protect them so that they won’t die out. A．appear suddenly B．be alive C．disappear completely 2．Millions of people ________ cancer from all over the world every year and more and more people _______ car accidents because of the heavy traffic. A．die from; die upon B．die out; die from C．die of; die from D．die upon; die of 考点8 be similar to 1．My mother says my friend is similar ________ me, but I think she is different ________ me. A．from; from B．to; to C．to; from D．from; to 考点9 spend 的用法 1．—Do you spend a lot of time ________ computer? —No, but I spend some time ________ doing my homework. A．on; in B．in; on C．on; on D．in; in 考点10 不定代词 1．—Would you like ________ tea? —No, I don’t like ________ tea, but I would like ________ cakes. A．any, any, some B．some, any, any C．some, any, some 2．Everything ______ fine with us in the first three days but later something went wrong. A．is B．are C．was D．were 3.A kind word costs ________, but it can warm someone’s heart. A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 4．— Listen! ________ is ringing the doorbell. Would you mind opening the door, Bill? — Of course not, Dad. I will do it right now. A．Everybody B．Somebody C．Anybody D．Nobody 5．—Each of you has ________ that you’re good at, and your friends have theirs. —I agree. We should learn from each other. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 6．We need more volunteers. Is there ________ else who is willing to? A．somebody B．nobody C．everybody D．anybody 7．—Who failed the maths test this time? —________. That’s because all of us work harder than before. A．Anybody B．Somebody C．Everybody D．Nobody 8.There is ________ in today’s newspaper. A．important something B．important anything C．anything important D．something important 知识导图记忆 1、 单项选择 1.My mum wants to buy ________ rice because there isn’t ________ in the kitchen. A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some 2.Sorry I’m late. I was talking with a friend and I ________ forgot the time. A．completely B．suddenly C．successfully D．strongly 3.Aunt Kate opened the door, but there was ______ inside, just an empty room. A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 4.You’d better not read today’s newspaper, because there is ________ in it. A．something interesting B．nothing interesting C．anything interesting D．interesting anything 5.Boys, Did you do ________ on Labor Day? A．anything special B．special anything C．something special D．special something 6.—Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play football? —________. I learned by ________. A．Somebody; me B．Nobody; myself C．Nobody; me D．Somebody; myself 7.For students, spending a lot of time ________ web pages on the computer is not beneficial for themselves. A．looking after B．looking through C．looking for D．looking like 8.I don’t like the colour of the coat. Can you show me ________ one? A．other B．others C．another D．the other 9.Some people choose to live in cities, ________ enjoy a peaceful life in suburbs. A．the other B．the others C．another D．others 10.—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 11．— Hi, Helen. When were you born? — I was born ________ February, 2005. My animal sign is the Rooster. A．on B．in C．at D．by 12.—I want to write an essay. Can you suggest some AI apps for it? —Em..., deepseek, doubao, kimi, Qwen, etc. You can choose ________ of them. A．either B．any C．every D．both 13．—Would you like to tell me ________ important news? —Sorry, I don’t want to tell you ________ news today. A．some; some B．some; any C．any; any D．any; some 14．Jane ________ the book and she knew the ________ event. A．completed; complete B．complete; complete C．finishes; complete D．finished; completed 15. Volunteers ______ an important role ______ helping those in need. A. play; on B. make; in C. play; in D. take; on 二、单词拼写 1．I’m sorry. I (complete) forgot that it was your birthday yesterday. 2．If enough of you are interested, we’ll o (组织) a trip to Wuhu Museum. 3．People were shocked (震惊) and heartbroken after hearing about Bryant’s sudden (/deθ/) 4．I knocked on the door but (没有人) answered. 5．—Where is Tony? —I’m not sure. P he is in our school library. 6．The w world is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer. 7．Tom and Lingling can draw well and they want to be [ˈɑːtɪsts] in the future. 8．The little girl is very t and she can play the piano very well. (有天赋的) 9．I have two (piece) of paper. 10．Dolphins are very i (聪明的). They can learn quickly. 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Some artists are often not successful during their lifetime. Vincent van Gogh (梵高) was such an artist. People did not pay attention to his 1 . He began to think he was not an excellent painter. But he did not give up painting. He was so 2 in what he was painting that he did not want to stop. He would even 3 to eat! 4 , his paintings were dark. He used pencils or charcoal sticks (碳条) to them. Then he 5 color. He used lots of brown and dark green. Later, Vincent left Holland for France. He learned from the artist who 6 there. They were trying new 7 of painting. In France, Vincent began using bright colors. He used oil paints (油画颜料) to create his art. He painted both the countryside and people. He 8 painted himself. He created more than 20 works of himself! Vincent completed more than 2,000 paintings in his life. 9 people did not buy his paintings at that time, his paintings sell for a lot of money today. People think his paintings are masterpieces (杰作). For example, the art piece Sunflowers is very 10 all over the world. 1．A．writings B．songs C．stories D．paintings 2．A．tired B．interested C．wrong D．worried 3．A．prevent B．start C．forget D．agree 4．A．At last B．However C．Luckily D．At first 5．A．helped B．added C．missed D．guessed 6．A．worked B．sang C．danced D．cooked 7．A．facts B．places C．ways D．reports 8．A．perhaps B．seldom C．normally D．also 9．A．Before B．Though C．If D．When 10．A．humorous B．well-known C．messy D．tiny 四、阅读理解 In 1974, when some Chinese farmers dug a well near the city of Xi’an, Shanxi province, they discovered something amazing. The farmers dug into an underground room. It was a part of a huge tomb. It turned out that the tomb belonged to the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. It is said that the emperor was afraid of death and spent much of his later life, looking for a way to live forever. For this reason, some experts believe that he had the tomb built to protect him after death. Qin Shi Huang’s tomb looks like his real-life empire(王国) did, except that it is all underground. People found many life-sized soldiers in the tomb. The soldiers are terra-cotta soldiers. Terra-cotta is the kind of baked clay that the soldiers were made from. This explains why the famous archaeological site is sometimes called the Terra-Cotta Soldiers. The soldiers all wear different clothes and have different faces. This makes them look like fossils of real people. Some of them ride on horses, and some of them are in carts pulled by horses. Even the kinds of the horses are different． As archaeologists(考古学家) point out, what is really important is that its more than six thousand soldiers are all facing east and are all ready for battle. It is because some of the soldiers have drawn crossbows and even drawn swords, which amazingly, are still shiny and sharp today. Experts believe that the reason the soldiers are facing east is because Qin Shi Huang’s enemies in life came from that direction. The terra-cotta soldiers, then, were built by the emperor to protect him in his tomb after he was dead． 1．According to the passage, what was the emperor’s purpose to build the tomb? A．To build an underground city B．To show his power and wealth C．To keep him safe after he was dead D．To prove he was not afraid of death 2．Why is the tomb not like the emperor’s real-life empire? A．Because the real-life empire lasted longer． B．Because the tomb was totally underground． C．Because the tomb is much smaller than the real-life empire． D．Because the real-life empire had no armies to protect the emperor． 3．According to the passage, what makes the soldiers look like fossils of real people? A．They are riding horses． B．They are ready for battle． C．They are made from terra-cotta． D．They have different clothes and faces． 4．What can we know about the soldiers being ready for battle? A．Not all armies in Ancient China carried swords and crossbows into battle． B．The drawn crossbows and swords make the soldiers look ready for battle． C．They are ready for battles against the emperor’s enemies from the west． D．These soldiers were just recently uncovered in the tomb． 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The first empire in China B．The death of an emperor C．The tomb of Qin Shi Huang D．The armies of Qin Shi Huang 五、课文语法填空 Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was __2_______(extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he __3______(show)great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 4 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are____6________ type of prehistoric animal. They are _____7________（relate） to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two_____8______four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died ____9______. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by________10___(study) their fossils. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第01讲 Unit 1 Look it up!（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 1. 单词学习 序号 英文 音标 词性及中文含义 1 dinosaur /'daɪnəsɔː(r)/ n. 恐龙 p. 4 2 intelligent /ɪn'telɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的；聪明的 p. 5 3 talented /'tæləntɪd/ adj. 有才能的；天才的 p. 5 4 artistic /ɑː'tɪstɪk/ adj. 有艺术天赋的；（尤指）有美术才能的 p. 5 5 perhaps /pə'hæps/ adv. 可能；大概；也许 p. 5 6 notebook /'nəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本 p. 5 7 vehicle /'viːəkl/ n. 交通工具；车辆 p. 5 8 prehistoric /ˌpriːhɪ'stɒrɪk/ adj. 史前的 p. 5 9 completely /kəm'pliːtli/ adv. 完全地；彻底地 p. 5 10 original /ə'rɪdʒənl/ adj. 原来的；起初的 p. 8 11 birth /bɜːθ/ n. 出生 p. 8 12 suffering /'sʌfərɪŋ/ n. 苦难；疼痛 p. 8 13 artist /'ɑːtɪst/ n. 艺术家；（尤指）画家 p. 11 14 piece /piːs/ n. （音乐作品的）一首 p. 11 15 death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡 p. 12 16 whole /həʊl/ adj. 全部的；所有的 p. 12 17 editor /'edɪtə(r)/ n. （书籍的）编辑 p. 14 18 organize /'ɔːɡənaɪz/ v. 安排；组织 p. 14 19 order /'ɔːdə(r)/ n. 顺序 p. 14 20 record /rɪ'kɔːd/ v. 记录 p. 14 短 语 die out 灭绝 p. 4 a type of 一种 p. 5 be related to 与……属于同一种类 p. 5 general education 通识教育 p. 14 go back a long way 历史悠久 p. 14 be similar to 与……相似 p. 14 alphabetical order 字母顺序 p. 14 play an important role 起到重要作用 p. 14 2. 教材原文 Reading Read the two entries from a children’s encyclopaedia to learn more about Leonardo da Vinci and dinosaurs. ( Culture and arts arts ) Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist. Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. ( The living world ) Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards². They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by studying their fossils. 3. 知识点梳理 考点1 Look it up！查阅它！（教材P2） 【详解】look up 主要有以下两种含义。 例句：I am using the dictionary to look up a new word. 我正在用字典查一个新单词。 I looked up and saw beautiful clouds in the sky. 我抬头看见天空中有美丽的云。 注意：在look up(动词+副词)的结构中，如果宾语是名词，名词可以位于look up 之后， 也可以位于look 和up 之间。如 look up a new word/ look a new word up。 若宾语是代词，则代词必须位于look和up之间。如 look it/ them up。 【拓展】look的相关短语 • look around 环顾 • look after 照顾 • look at 看 • look for 寻找 • look up 向上看；查阅 • look down on 瞧不起 •look up to 尊敬；钦佩 • look through 浏览 • look over 检查 • look out 小心 • look forward to 期待 考点2 Da Vinci was extremely intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. 达芬奇非常聪明，他在很多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。（教材P5） 【详解】①．intelligent adj. adj. 有才智的；聪明的 → intelligence n. 聪明；才智 ②．talented adj. 有才能的；天才的 → talent n. 才能，天赋 短语运用： be talented in... 在某方面有才能/ 天赋 = be gifted in 例句：From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic talent. （教材原句P5） 他从小就表现出极大的智慧和艺术天赋。 考点3 Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. 列奥纳多·达·芬奇出生在意大利的乡村。（教材P5） 【详解】be born 意为“出生”, 其后可接地点状语或时间状语，用于一般过去时，即was/ were born。 birth 名词，意为“出生”。 Year of birth 出生年份 （教材P8） at birth 出生时 【短语拓展】 be born in+ 地点 出生在某地 Be born in/ on +时间 出生于... （某年某月用in， 某一天用on） be born with 与生俱来；天生具有 be born as 天生就是 考点4 For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines and other vehicles.例如，他的笔记本中有一些有趣的飞行器和其他交通工具的图画。（教材P5） 【详解】include ：动词，意为“包含；包括”，作谓语。 vehicles： 名词，意为“交通工具；车辆” 【用法辨析】include，including和included ①include（动词，意为“包括；包含” ，作谓语 ） 1. The price of the tour includes accommodation and meals.这次旅行的费用包括住宿和餐饮 。 2. Her duties include answering the phone and greeting visitors.她的职责包括接听电话和迎接访客 。 ②including（介词，意为“包括……在内” ，用于列举事物 ） 1. Many students, including Tom, are interested in this project.很多学生，包括汤姆在内，对这个项目感兴趣 。 2. There are various fruits in the basket, including apples, bananas and oranges.篮子里有各种各样的水果，包括苹果、香蕉和橙子 。 ③included（形容词，意为“包括在内的” ，常置于名词或代词后 ） 1. Everyone should pay 100 yuan, postage included.每个人要付100元，邮费包括在内 。 2. All the necessary materials, a map included, are provided for the trip.这次旅行所需的所有材料，包括一张地图，都已备好 。 考点5 Dinosaurs are a type of prehistoric animal. 恐龙是一种史前动物。（教材P5） 【详解】 a type of： 一种。 此句中type 是名词，意为“种类，一类”。 type 还可以作动词，意为“打字。” prehistoric：adj. 意为“史前的”。 prehistoric=pre（（在……之前））+ historic（ 历史（性）的） 考点6 They are related to crocodiles, snakes and lizards.它们与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。（教材P5） 【详解】 be related to... 意为“与……属于同一种类 ”，还有“与...有关”的意思。 例句：The story we read in class is related to the history of our country. 我们在课堂上读的故事与我们国家的历史有关。 考点7 Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two or four legs. 恐龙生活在陆地上，用两条或四条腿行走。（教材P5） 【详解】"either...or" 意为“或者...或者...”,必须连接语法结构相同的成分（即并列的单词、短语或从句）。 ✅ 连接名词： You can choose either tea or coffee.（茶或咖啡选其一） ✅ 连接动词： She will either call or text you.（打电话或发短信） ✅ 连接介词短语： We can meet either in the library or at the cafe. 主谓一致原则 当用于连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数由最靠近的主语 决定（就近原则）： Either the teacher or the students are responsible.（students 为复数 → 用 are） Either the students or the teacher is responsible.（teacher 为单数 → 用 is） 考点8 Some were as small as chickens，and others were as big as ten elephants.有些像鸡一样小，有些像十头大象一样大。(教材P5) 【详解1】as.....as  与.....一样...... 1) 当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as + 形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“（A和B）一样”......             This tree is as tall as that one. 2) 比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“A不如B....”    Our school is not as big as yours. 【详解2】some ...others...      一些......另一些...... others = other+名词复数。指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。 E. g.: There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill. 【拓展】辨析other，the other，others，another， the others的用法 不定代词 意义 用法 other 另外的人（或物） 常作定语，与可数名词复数连用；其前有the、some等时，也可与单数名词连用。 the other 特指两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成“one...the other...”。 others 泛指其他的人或事（物） 泛指别的人或物，相当于“other +可数名词复数”，不能作定语，常构成“some... others...”。 the others 特指其余所有的所有人或物 特指其余所有的人或物，相当于“the other +可数名词复数”。 another 另外一个 表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”，一般修饰或代替可数名词单数。 例句： Tom always helps other people. 汤姆总是帮助别人。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。 Some students are playing basketball, and others are playing football.一些学生在打篮球，其他的学生在踢足球。 There are 50 students in our class. 20 of them are boys, the others are girls.我们班有50个学生。其中20个是男生，其余的是女生 This cake is delicious. I would like another one.这个蛋糕很好吃。我想再要一个。 考点9 About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died out. 大约6600万年前，恐龙突然灭绝了。(教材P5) 【详解】die out 意为“灭绝；灭亡”， 是固定短语。 【拓展1】短语辨析 die from （因受伤、事故、严寒等身体外部原因）而死亡 die of （因情感、饥寒、生病、年老等内部原因）而死亡 die off 相继死去 die away 声音变弱,渐渐模糊,逐渐消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火)，逐渐暗淡 die out 熄灭,变弱,消失, (动物) 灭绝 【拓展2】词语辨析die，dead, death 辨析 词性和词义 例句 die 动词; 死亡 The dog died last year. dead 形容词； 死亡的 The dog was dead because of the car accident. death 名词；死亡 People felt sorry for its death. 考点10 Scientists are not completely sure why. 科学家们并不完全确定原因。（教材P5） 【详解】completely adv. 意为“彻底地；完整地”。作程度副词，修饰sure。 【拓展】complete 既可以作形容词，还可以作动词。 ①．作形容词：表示 “完整的；彻底的” This is a complete list of all participants.（这是所有参与者的完整名单。） The movie was a complete disaster.（这部电影彻底失败。） ②作动词：表示“完成；完善”。同义词：finish。 Please complete the form by Friday.（请在周五前填完表格。） The new bridge will complete the highway system.（新桥将使公路系统完善。） The Yongle Dadian was completed in 1408 and had over 11000 volumes.永乐大典于1408年完成，藏书超过11000册。(教材P14) 考点11 They were similar to early Chinese encyclopaedias because they included works by different scholars. 它们与早期的中国百科全书相似，因为它们包含了不同学者的作品。(教材P14) 【详解】be similar to意为“与...相似”，similar是形容词，意为“类似的；相似的”，其中to是介词。 用于比较两个事物（A 和 B）在性质、外观或特征上的相似性，但不完全相同。 【拓展】用于比较的结构 ✅ be the same as 和......一样 My answer is the same as yours. 我的答案和你的是一样的。强调“完全相同”（= 100%相似） ✅ be different from 和.....不同 Chinese food is very different from British food. 中国食物和英国食物很不一样。 考点12 Yuan spent his whole life developing different kinds of hybrid rice.(教材P15) 【详解】spend，cost，pay，take的用法 【详解】whole与all 用法辨析 all与whole的用法 两者都可以翻译成“整个的”、“全部的”，其区别： 1） 修饰单数可数名词或者抽象名词时，它们可以互换，但是词的顺序不一样： all+限定词（the, this, that, my, your）+名词 限定词（the, this, that, my, your）+whole+名词 比如： She has worked all the afternoon. =She has worked the whole afternoon. 她工作了整个下午。 2）修饰复数可数名词时，all的意义是“所有的”，whole的意义是“整整的”，不可以互换。比如： 比如：All students will go there for a meeting.所有的学生都将去那儿开会。 It rained for two whole days. 雨下了两天整。 考点13 Encyclopaedias have played an important role through history in recording and providing information. 百科全书在历史中扮演了记录和提供信息的重要角色。(教材P14 ) 【详解】play an important role in (doing) sth. 在....起重要作用 同义表达：play an important part in (doing) sth. 在....起重要作用 Grammar单元语法：some和any; 复合不定代词 一、some 和any的用法 1） some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 2） some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas?      Could you give me some money? 3）some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 I have read this article in some magazine.   我在某杂志上读到这篇文章。 Any student in this school should follow the rules. 这所学校的任何一个学生都应该遵守规则。    二、复合不定代词 复合不定代词是指由some，any，no，every分别与one，thing，body等组合而成，具体形式如下∶ -one -thing -body some someone something somebody any anyone anything anybody every everyone everything everybody no no one nothing nobody 含有-one和-body的不定代词功能和意义基本相同，含有-one的不定代词比含有-body的不定代词正式。 (1) 带有some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句，带有any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 (2) 当表示请求、建议且希望得到对方肯定回答时，some及some构成的不定代词也可以用在一般疑问句中； (3) 含有any的复合不定代词也可以用于肯定句中表示“任何人”或“任何事”。 (4) 以上复合不定代词都表示单数的概念，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (5) else和形容词作复合不定代词的定语时都要后置，即：不定代词+形容词/else。 Vocabulary practice（教材P7） Here is more information from the encyclopaedia. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below. Change the form if necessary. a type of completely die out perhaps prehistoric In the 1990s, researchers in China discovered something surprising about dinosaurs: some of these (1)____ animals had feathers. This discovery helped explain the connection between birds and dinosaurs. According to scientists, all the non-bird dinosaurs (2)______________, but dinosaurs survived as birds. In fact, birds developed from (3) ____________two - legged, meat - eating dinosaurs called theropods (兽脚类恐龙). (4)____ you've seen exciting movies about dinosaurs like T - Rex （霸王龙）. Well, those huge dinosaurs come from the same family as birds. Today's ducks and chickens aren't scary, but they are actually related to T - Rex! In one way, the dinosaurs never disappeared (5)_________ — they just became smaller. 1. 答案：prehistoric 解析：句意：其中一些史前动物有羽毛。“prehistoric”意为“史前的”，符合语境修饰“animals” 。 2. 答案：died out 解析：根据科学家的说法，所有的非鸟类恐龙灭绝了，但恐龙以鸟类的形式存活了下来。 “die out”（灭绝），这里是过去发生的事，用一般过去时“died out” 。 3. 答案：a type of 解析：鸟类由一种两足、食肉的恐龙进化而来，“a type of”（一种）符合语义 。 4. 答案：Perhaps 解析：句意：可能你看过像霸王龙这样的恐龙电影。“Perhaps”（也许，可能）用于句首，引出一种可能性，符合语境 。 5. 答案：completely 解析：句意：从某种意义上说恐龙没有完全消失，“completely”（完全地）修饰动词“disappeared” 。 Grammar （教材P10） Complete the conversation between Su Wen and the librarian with some or any. Librarian: Hello, how can I help you? Su Wen: Hi, Miss. Do you have (1)_______ books about dinosaurs? Librarian: Yes, we do. We have (2)_______ next to the encyclopaedias. What type of dinosaurs are you interested in? Su Wen: I don't have (3)__________ idea. I just want to look up (4)_______ facts. Librarian: No problem. Let me show you (5)_______ popular dinosaur books for teenagers. 答案 1. any。用于一般疑问句中。 2. some。用于肯定句中。 3. any。用于否定句中。 4. some。用于肯定句中。 5. some。 用于肯定句中。 翻译 图书管理员：你好，我能怎么帮你？ 苏文：你好，女士。你们有关于恐龙的书吗？ 图书管理员：有呀，我们在百科全书旁边有一些（关于恐龙的书） 。你对哪种恐龙感兴趣呢？ 苏文：我没什么想法，就是想查找一些（关于恐龙的）事实资料 。 图书管理员：没问题，我给你展示一些受青少年欢迎的恐龙相关书籍 。 / 考点1： look的短语 1．--Do you have a dictionary? I want to________some new words in it. --Yes, I do. Here you are. A．look for B．look through C．look up D．look over 【答案】C 【详解】句意“-你有字典吗？我想用它查一些新的单词。-我有，给你”。A.寻找；B.浏览；C.查阅；D.检查。根据句意可知，表示“查阅新单词”，故选C。 2．—What are you doing ? —I’m _______my bag . I can’t find it . A．looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“你正在干什么?”“我正在找我的书包，但是我找不到。”A项look at“看一看”。B项，look for“寻找”。C项，look after“照顾”。D项，look up“仰望，查阅，尊敬”。根据题意可知，“我”正在找“我”的书包，但是“我”找不到。此处表示“我正在找我的书包”，应用现在进行时。空格前已经有be动词，空格处应用doing形式表示“寻找”。故选B。 3．She has to stay at home because she must________ her sick brother. A．look at B．look for C．look after D．look up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她不得不待在家里因为她必须照顾她生病的弟弟。 考查动词look的相关短语。A. look at看B. look for寻找C. look after照顾D. look up向上看，查阅。结合本题语境可知,她必须照顾她生病的弟弟。故选C 4．If you want to know the meaning of a word, ________ in a dictionary. A．look it up B．look them up C．to look it up D．look up it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你想知道一个单词的意思，就在字典里查找它。 考查动词短语及代词辨析。look up查阅；it它；them它们。look up为动词短语，后接人称代词宾格时，代词置于短语中间。根据“the meaning of a word”可知，是一个单词的意思，用it代替。故选A。 考点2： be born+介词 1．Norman Bethune is a great doctor who was born ________ March 4th, 1890. A．from B．on C．at D．about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：诺曼·白求恩是一位伟大的医生，生于1890年3月4日。 考查介词辨析。from来自；on在，和具体的日期或者周几连用；at在，和具体的时间点连用；about关于。根据“March 4th, 1890”可知，是具体的一天。故选B。 2．Tom was not born ________ a family of music, but he is born ________ the ability to sing. A．with...in B．in...with C．with...with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆不是出生在音乐世家，但他天生就有唱歌的能力。 考查动词短语。be born in出生在；be born with天生具有。根据“a family of music”可知，不是出生于音乐世家，故第一个空用in；根据“the ability to sing”可知，是天生具有唱歌的能力，故第二个空用with。故选B。 3． —The baby is so lovely. When was he born? —He was born __________ the morning of June 14th. A．in B．at C．on D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——那个男孩是如此的可爱。他什么时间出生的？——他出生在六月十四日早上。 考查时间介词。在年月季节之前用介词in；在具体的某个点钟前用at；在具体一天及具体一天的上下午晚上，都用介词on；for表示为了……，根据空格后的“六月十四日早上”。故选C。 4．Fu Yuanhui _________ February 7th in 1996 in Wuhan. A．is born in B．was birth on C．were born in D．was born on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：傅园慧于1996年2月7日出生在武汉。be born in出生在某年或某月；be born on出生于具体日期。选D。 考点 3 include, including, included 1．—Do his pets________ the cat? —Yes. He has three pets, ________this one. A．include; include B．include; including C．including; including D．including; include 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——他的宠物包括这只猫吗？   ——是的，包括这只猫在内，他一共有三只宠物。 考查动词和介词。include动词，包括；including介词，包括。第一个空缺少谓语，因此用include动词，作谓语，表示“包括”。第二空用介词including。故选B。 2．-- Four people were killed in the terrible car accident, a baby __________. -- I’m very sorry to hear that. A．added B．including C．included D．adding 【答案】C 【详解】句意：-在这场可怕的交通事故中有四个人死亡，包括一名婴儿。-听到那个我很难过。added补充，增加；including 包括…；included…被包括；adding补充，增加。根据句意可知，这里表示“…被包括在内”，baby和include构成被动关系，故应选C。 3．—It is said there are still many people who are very poor in Africa. —Yes, many famous movie stars went to help them, ________ Jackie Chan. A．include B．including C．included D．includes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——据说非洲仍有很多人很穷。——是的，许多著名影星去帮助他们，包括成龙在内。A. include包含，动词原形；B. including包含，介词；C. included动词过去式；D. includes动词三单形式。本句已有谓语动词，只能填介词，故答案为B。 考点4 either...or... 1．—Either you or he ________ going to plant trees this Sunday in the village. —Yes. It’s a great idea to protect the local environment. A．are B．is C．were D．be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个星期天，不是你就是他将在村子里植树。——是的。保护当地环境是个好主意。 考查主谓一致。根据“Either you or he…going to plant trees this Sunday in the village.”可知，“Either…or…”作主语时，遵循“就近”原则，此处he是第三人称单数，所以be动词用 is。故选B。 2．Either he or I ________ going to host this year’s Talent Show in our school because we are both good at hosting. A．am B．are C．is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：要么是他要么是我将主持我们学校今年的才艺秀，因为我们俩都擅长主持。 考查主谓一致。am是，主语为I；are是，主语为第二人称或复数；is是，主语为三单。根据“Either he or I”可知，此处谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词形式与最近的主语保持一致。句中最近的主语是“I”，因此谓语动词用am。故选A。 考点5 as...as 1．The new science book is not as ________ as the old one. A．interesting B．interest C．interested D．more interesting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本新的科学书不如那本旧的有趣。 考查形容词辨析和“as+形容词原形+as”用法。interesting有趣的，形容词，常用来形容事物；interest兴趣、爱好、使感兴趣，可作名词或动词；interested感兴趣的，形容词，通常用来形容人；more interesting更有趣的，比较级。根据“The new science book is not as...as the old one.”可知，句中“not as...as”表示“不如……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级，句中说的是“book”，是物，所以用“interesting”来形容。故选A。 2.—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得英语怎么样？——我认为英语和汉语一样有用。 考查同级比较。useful有用的，原级；more useful比较级；most useful最高级；the most useful定冠词the+最高级。as...as...表示“像……一样……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。 考点6：other 系列 1．Some audience loves dramas and ________ love animations. A．the others B．others C．the other D．another 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一些观众喜欢电视剧，而另一些观众喜欢动画片。 考查不定代词。the others剩余所有人或物；others其他人或物；the other（两者中的）另一个；another（三者或三者以上）另一个。根据“Some audience loves dramas and ...love animations”可知，此处是some...others...表示“一些……另一些……”。故选B。 2．The museum has five exhibition halls. Three show ancient art, and ______ two display modern works. A．other B．another C．the other D．the others 【答案】C 【详解】句意：博物馆有五个展厅。三个展示古代艺术，另外两个展示现代作品。    考查代词辨析。other其他的；another另一个；the other特指两者中的另一个或两组中的另一组；the others特指其余的全部。根据“The museum has five exhibition halls. Three show ancient art, and …two display modern works.”可知，此处把五个展厅分成两组，空格处为第二组也是最后一组，且空格后有“two”，用the other修饰。故选C。 3．—I don’t like these hats. Could you please show me ________ one? —Sure. We have many new hats. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 我不喜欢这些帽子。你能再给我看一顶吗？—— 当然。我们有很多新帽子。 考查点不定代词的用法。other其他的；别的，后接可数名词复数；the other（两者中的）另一个 ；another（三者或三者以上中的）另一个；又一个，后接可数名词单数；others另外几个，是other的复数形式 。根据“I don’t like these...one?”可知，说话者不喜欢现有的这些帽子，想让对方展示更多帽子中的另一顶，且空后有“one”（指代帽子，为可数名词单数 ），应用another。故选C。 4．It’s necessary for the young generation to learn to help ________ people in need. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 【答案】A 【详解】句意：年轻一代有必要学会帮助其他有需要的人。 考查不定代词辨析。other其他的，后接复数名词；the other两者中的另一个；another三者或三者以上的另一个；others其他的，后不接名词。空格后people是复数名词，此处表示“其他有需要的人”，要用other修饰，故选A。 5．—This sweater doesn’t fit me very well. Could you please show me __________ one? —I’m sorry, but __________ in our store are the same size as this one. A． the other; another B．the other; the others C．another; the others D．another; others 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这件毛衣不太适合我。你能给我看另一件吗？——对不起，我们店里的其他毛衣和这件一样大。 考查代词辨析。the other表示两者中的另一个；another表示三者或三者以上的另一个；the others表示特指的其余所有；others表示泛指的其他。根据“Could you please show me … one”可知，想看看另一件毛衣，三者以上的另一个，应填another。根据“but … in our store are the same size as this one”可知，店里剩余的其他所有毛衣都和这件一样大，第二空应填the others，故选C。 考点7 die out、die of、 die from 1.—Why are there fewer pandas in the world now? —Because human beings hurt them. We should protect them so that they won’t die out. A．appear suddenly B．be alive C．disappear completely 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么现在世界上的熊猫越来越少了？——因为人类伤害了他们。我们应该保护它们，这样它们就不会灭绝。 考查词义辨析。appear suddenly突然出现；be alive活着的；disappear completely完全消失。根据“We should protect them so that they won’t die out”可知，保护它们的目的是为了不让它们灭绝，所以划线部分与disappear completely同义，故选C。 2．Millions of people ________ cancer from all over the world every year and more and more people _______ car accidents because of the heavy traffic. A．die from; die upon B．die out; die from C．die of; die from D．die upon; die of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年全世界数百万的人死于癌症，越来越多的人因为交通拥堵死于交通事故。 考查动词短语辨析。die from死于（某种外因，也可用于疾病、过度悲伤等）；die out灭绝，逐渐消亡；die of死于（疾病、过度悲伤，也可用于外因等）； die upon死在。根据题干中“cancer”癌症可知是疾病，应用die of；题干中的“car accidents”意为车祸，属于某种外在原因，故用die from。故选C。 考点8 be similar to 1．My mother says my friend is similar ________ me, but I think she is different ________ me. A．from; from B．to; to C．to; from D．from; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈说我的朋友和我很像，但我觉得她和我不一样。 考查介词辨析和固定搭配。from来自；to到。be similar to…“与……相似”，be different from“不同于”，是固定词组。故选C。 考点9 spend 的用法 1．—Do you spend a lot of time ________ computer? —No, but I spend some time ________ doing my homework. A．on; in B．in; on C．on; on D．in; in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你花很多时间在电脑上吗？——不，但是我花很多时间做作业。 考查介词用法。on在……上；in在……里。spend time on+sth.“在某事上花时间”，故第一个空填on；spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，固定搭配，故第二个空填in。故选A。 考点10 不定代词 1．—Would you like ________ tea? —No, I don’t like ________ tea, but I would like ________ cakes. A．any, any, some B．some, any, any C．some, any, some 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想喝点茶吗？——不，我不喜欢茶，但我想要一些蛋糕。 考查代词辨析。some一些，用于肯定句和表示希望得到肯定答复的疑问句；any任何，用于否定句和疑问句。根据“Would you like…tea”可知，第一个空是表示提议的疑问句，填some；根据“No, I don’t like”可知，该句是否定句，填any；根据“but I would like…cakes.”可知，此处在肯定句中表示“一些”，填some。故选C。 2．Everything ______ fine with us in the first three days but later something went wrong. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在前三天我们一切都很顺利，但后来出了点问题。 考查主谓一致和时态。is是，一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；are是，一般现在时的复数形式；was是，一般过去时的第三人称单数形式；were是，一般过去时的复数形式。根据“but later something went wrong”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，又因为“everything”是不定代词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。故选C。 3.A kind word costs ________, but it can warm someone’s heart. A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一句善意的话不用花钱，但它却能温暖一个人的心。 考查不定代词的辨析。nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；something某物；everything所有事物。根据“but it can warm someone’s heart”可知，此处表示转折，空处应为nothing，cost nothing表示善意的话本身并不花钱。故选A。 4．— Listen! ________ is ringing the doorbell. Would you mind opening the door, Bill? — Of course not, Dad. I will do it right now. A．Everybody B．Somebody C．Anybody D．Nobody 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 听！有人在按门铃。比尔，你介意去开下门吗？ —— 当然不介意，爸爸。我马上就去。 考查复合不定代词。Everybody所有人；Somebody某个人；Anybody任何人；Nobody没有人。根据“is ringing the doorbell”可知，此处是肯定句，描述某个人在按门铃，身份是不确定的。故选B。 5．—Each of you has ________ that you’re good at, and your friends have theirs. —I agree. We should learn from each other. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你们每个人都有自己擅长的东西，而你们的朋友也有他们擅长的。——我同意。我们应该互相学习。 考查不定代词辨析。everything每件事，所有事物；nothing没有什么，没有一件东西；something某事，某物，一般用于肯定句中；anything任何事物，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。根据语境可知，此处是在说每个人都有自己擅长的东西，且句子为肯定句，所以应该用something。故选C。 6．We need more volunteers. Is there ________ else who is willing to? A．somebody B．nobody C．everybody D．anybody 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们需要更多的志愿者。还有其他愿意做的人吗？ 考查不定代词辨析。somebody某人，常用于肯定句中；nobody没有人；everybody每个人；anybody某人，任何人，常用于否定句或疑问句中。根据句子“Is there ... else who is willing to?”可知，这是一个疑问句，询问是否还有其他愿意做志愿者的人，所以应该用anybody。故选D。 7．—Who failed the maths test this time? —________. That’s because all of us work harder than before. A．Anybody B．Somebody C．Everybody D．Nobody 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这次谁数学考试没及格？——没有人。那是因为我们所有人都比以前更努力了。 考查代词辨析。Anybody任何人；Somebody某人；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。根据“That’s because all of us work harder than before.”可知，大家都比以前更努力了，所以没有人不及格。故选D。 8.There is ________ in today’s newspaper. A．important something B．important anything C．anything important D．something important 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今天的报纸上没有什么重要的东西。 考查不定代词及形容词的用法。important重要的；something某事，一般用于肯定句中，以及表示请求建议等含义的疑问句中；anything任何事，一般用于否定及疑问句中，排除选项B、C，形容词修饰不定代词时，常放于不定代词之后。故选D。 知识导图记忆 1、 单项选择 1.My mum wants to buy ________ rice because there isn’t ________ in the kitchen. A．some; any B．some; some C．any; any D．any; some 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈想买一些米，因为厨房里没有了。 考查some和any的用法。some一些，常放肯定句中；any一些，常放疑问句和否定句中。第一个句子是肯定句，用some，第二个句子是否定句，用any。故选A。 2.Sorry I’m late. I was talking with a friend and I ________ forgot the time. A．completely B．suddenly C．successfully D．strongly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对不起，我迟到了。我在和一个朋友聊天，完全忘记了时间。 考查副词词义辨析。completely完全地；suddenly突然地；successfully成功地；strongly强烈地。根据“Sorry I’m late”可知，此处是说完全忘记了时间，故选A。 3.Aunt Kate opened the door, but there was ______ inside, just an empty room. A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：凯特阿姨打开了门，但里面什么都没有，只有一个空房间。 考查代词辨析。everything一切；something某事；anything任何事；nothing没有什么。根据“just an empty room.”可知，应说里面什么都没有，nothing符合语境。故选D。 4.You’d better not read today’s newspaper, because there is ________ in it. A．something interesting B．nothing interesting C．anything interesting D．interesting anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你最好不要读今天的报纸，因为里面没有什么有趣的事。 考查形容词位置和不定代词。something interesting有趣的事（常用于肯定句）；nothing interesting没有什么有趣的；anything interesting有趣的事（常用于否定句和疑问句）；interesting anything错误表达。根据“You’d better not read today’s newspaper ...”可知，建议对方不要读今天的报纸，说明报纸上没有什么有趣的事，表示否定用nothing，形容词修饰不定代词后置。故选B。 5.Boys, Did you do ________ on Labor Day? A．anything special B．special anything C．something special D．special something 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孩子们，你们在劳动节做了什么特殊的事情吗？ 考查复合不定代词的用法。anything special什么特殊的事情，用于疑问句或否定句；special anything错误表达；something special一些特别的事情；special something错误表达。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，需要放在其后，所以排除选项B和D；本句是一般疑问句，应该使用anything。故选A。 6.—Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play football? —________. I learned by ________. A．Somebody; me B．Nobody; myself C．Nobody; me D．Somebody; myself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——哇，太酷了！谁教你踢足球的？——没人教我。我是自学的。 考查不定代词和反身代词。Somebody某人，有人；Nobody没有人；me我；myself我自己。根据“...I learned by...”和选项可知，此处应是指没有人教“我”踢足球，“我”是自学的，by myself“我自己”。故选B。 7.For students, spending a lot of time ________ web pages on the computer is not beneficial for themselves. A．looking after B．looking through C．looking for D．looking like 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对学生来说，花很多时间在电脑上浏览网页对他们自己没有好处。 考查动词短语。looking after照顾；looking through浏览、翻阅；looking for寻找；looking like看起来像。根据“ web pages...is not beneficial for themselves”可知此处指在电脑上浏览网页。故选B。 8.I don’t like the colour of the coat. Can you show me ________ one? A．other B．others C．another D．the other 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不喜欢这件外套的颜色。你能给我看另外一件吗？ 考查不定代词。other 其他的（后接复数名词）；others 其他的人或物（单独使用）；another 另一个（泛指三者或以上）；the other 特指两者中的另一个。根据“I don’t like the colour of the coat. Can you show me”可知此处需要表示“再一件/另一件”（泛指），且空格后是单数名词“one”，故选C。 9.Some people choose to live in cities, ________ enjoy a peaceful life in suburbs. A．the other B．the others C．another D．others 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一些人选择住在城市，另一些人喜欢郊区的平静的生活。 考查代词。the other另一个，经常和one连用，表示“一个，另一个”；the others剩余的人；another又，再，后面接可数名词单数；others其他人，可以单独使用。前面的“Some people”和后面的“others”对应，构成some...others...结构。故选D。 10.—What do you think of English? —I think English is as ________ as Chinese. A．useful B．more useful C．most useful D．the most useful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得英语怎么样？——我认为英语和汉语一样有用。 考查同级比较。useful有用的，原级；more useful比较级；most useful最高级；the most useful定冠词the+最高级。as...as...表示“像……一样……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。 11．— Hi, Helen. When were you born? — I was born ________ February, 2005. My animal sign is the Rooster. A．on B．in C．at D．by 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你好，Helen。你什么时候出生的？——我在2005年2月份出生的。我属鸡。 考查时间介词辨析。on后接具体一天；in后接某年某月某季节；at后接具体时刻；by到……为止。“February”是月份，故选B。 12.—I want to write an essay. Can you suggest some AI apps for it? —Em..., deepseek, doubao, kimi, Qwen, etc. You can choose ________ of them. A．either B．any C．every D．both 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想写一篇论文。你能推荐一些AI应用吗？——嗯……DeepSeek、豆包、Kimi、通义千问等等。你可以选择它们中的任何一个。 考查代词辨析。either两者中任意一个；any三者及以上中任意一个；every每一个；both两者都。根据“deepseek, doubao, kimi, Qwen, etc.”可知，此处需用any表示“三者及以上中任意一个”，any of them“它们中的任意一个”。故选B。 13．—Would you like to tell me ________ important news? —Sorry, I don’t want to tell you ________ news today. A．some; some B．some; any C．any; any D．any; some 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我一些重要消息吗？——对不起，今天我不想告诉你任何消息。 考查some和any的用法。第一个句子是一般疑问句，希望得到肯定回答，用some；第二个句子是否定句，用any。故选B。 14．Jane ________ the book and she knew the ________ event. A．completed; complete B．complete; complete C．finishes; complete D．finished; completed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：简读完了这本书，她知道整个事件。 考查动词时态和形容词作定语。completed完成，动词过去式；complete全部的，完整的；finishes完成，动词三单；finished完成，动词过去式。根据“Jane...the book and she knew the...event.”可知，她看完了书，了解了整个事件，第一空用动词过去式，第二空用形容词作定语，故选A。 15. Volunteers ______ an important role ______ helping those in need. A. play; on B. make; in C. play; in D. take; on 【答案】C 【详解】“play an important role in”是固定搭配，意为“在……中起重要作用”，这里表示志愿者在帮助有需要的人方面起重要作用，C选项正确。 二、单词拼写 1．I’m sorry. I (complete) forgot that it was your birthday yesterday. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：很抱歉。我完全忘记了昨天是你的生日。“forgot”是动词，需要用副词来修饰，“complete”是形容词，其副词形式是“completely”，在句中作状语，修饰动词“forgot”，表示“完全地忘记”。故填completely。 2．If enough of you are interested, we’ll o (组织) a trip to Wuhu Museum. 【答案】(o)rganise/(o)rganise 【详解】句意：如果有足够多的人感兴趣，我们将组织一次去芜湖博物馆的旅行。organize/organise“组织”，will后接动词的原形。故填(o)rganise/(o)rganise。 3．People were shocked (震惊) and heartbroken after hearing about Bryant’s sudden (/deθ/) 【答案】death 【详解】句意：听到科比突然去世的消息，人们都感到震惊和心碎。根据提示音标可知，其英文表达为death，名词。故填death。 4．I knocked on the door but (没有人) answered. 【答案】nobody 【详解】句意：我敲了门，但是没有人应答。根据汉语提示可知此处应填nobody“没有人”。故填nobody。 5．—Where is Tony? —I’m not sure. P he is in our school library. 【答案】(P)erhaps 【详解】句意：——托尼在哪里？——我不确定。也许他在我们学校图书馆。根据“I’m not sure.”以及句子结构可知，此处应填一个副词表示不确定的推测，结合首字母提示，perhaps“也许；大概”，符合语境，句首单词首字母需大写。故填(P)erhaps。 6．The w world is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer. 【答案】(w)hole 【详解】句意：整个世界缺水。我们不应该再浪费它了。根据“is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer”和首字母可推断是整个世界都缺水。whole“整个的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词world。故填(w)hole。 7．Tom and Lingling can draw well and they want to be [ˈɑːtɪsts] in the future. 【答案】artists 【详解】句意：汤姆和玲玲画得很好，他们将来想成为画家。根据音标可知，此处为名词复数artists“画家”。故填artists。 8．The little girl is very t and she can play the piano very well. (有天赋的) 【答案】(t)alented 【详解】句意：这个小女孩很有天赋，她钢琴弹得很好。talented“有天赋的”，此处是形容词作表语，故填(t)alented。 9．I have two (piece) of paper. 【答案】pieces 【详解】句意：我有两张纸。two后接piece的复数形式pieces，two pieces of paper“两张纸”。故填pieces。 10．Dolphins are very i (聪明的). They can learn quickly. 【答案】(i)ntelligent 【详解】句意：海豚非常聪明。它们学得很快。intelligent“聪明的”，形容词作表语，故填(i)ntelligent。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Some artists are often not successful during their lifetime. Vincent van Gogh (梵高) was such an artist. People did not pay attention to his 1 . He began to think he was not an excellent painter. But he did not give up painting. He was so 2 in what he was painting that he did not want to stop. He would even 3 to eat! 4 , his paintings were dark. He used pencils or charcoal sticks (碳条) to them. Then he 5 color. He used lots of brown and dark green. Later, Vincent left Holland for France. He learned from the artist who 6 there. They were trying new 7 of painting. In France, Vincent began using bright colors. He used oil paints (油画颜料) to create his art. He painted both the countryside and people. He 8 painted himself. He created more than 20 works of himself! Vincent completed more than 2,000 paintings in his life. 9 people did not buy his paintings at that time, his paintings sell for a lot of money today. People think his paintings are masterpieces (杰作). For example, the art piece Sunflowers is very 10 all over the world. 1．A．writings B．songs C．stories D．paintings 2．A．tired B．interested C．wrong D．worried 3．A．prevent B．start C．forget D．agree 4．A．At last B．However C．Luckily D．At first 5．A．helped B．added C．missed D．guessed 6．A．worked B．sang C．danced D．cooked 7．A．facts B．places C．ways D．reports 8．A．perhaps B．seldom C．normally D．also 9．A．Before B．Though C．If D．When 10．A．humorous B．well-known C．messy D．tiny 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文主要介绍世界著名的画家梵高。 1．句意：人们对他的画作并不关注。 writings写作；songs歌曲；stories故事；paintings绘画。根据“He began to think he was not an excellent painter. But he did not give up painting”可知当时人们对他的画作不关注。故选D。 2．句意：他对自己正在画的东西如此感兴趣，以至于他不想停下来。 tired疲倦的；interested感兴趣的；wrong错误的；worried担心的。根据“He was so...in what he was painting that he did not want to stop.”可知，他对自己正在画的东西很感兴趣，此处是be interested in“对……感兴趣”，故选B。 3．句意：他甚至会忘记吃饭！ prevent阻止；start开始；forget忘记；agree同意。根据“He was so...in what he was painting that he did not want to stop.”可知，他对自己正在画的东西很感兴趣，甚至会忘记吃饭。故选C。 4．句意：起初，他的画作色调很暗。 At last最后；However然而；Luckily幸运的是；At first起初。根据“Then...”可知刚开始他的画色调很暗。故选D。 5．句意：然后他添加颜色。 helped帮助；added增加；missed错过；guessed猜测。根据“He used lots of brown and dark green.”可知是添加了颜色。故选B。 6．句意：他向在那里工作的艺术家学习。 worked工作；sang唱歌；danced跳舞；cooked烹饪。根据“He wanted to learn from the artists who...there.”可知，他想向在那里工作的艺术家学习。故选A。 7．句意：他们正在尝试新的绘画方式。 facts事实；places地点；ways方法；reports报告。根据“of painting.”可知是尝试新的绘画方式。故选C。 8．句意：他也还画自己。 perhaps也许；seldom很少；normally通常；also也。根据“painted himself”可知他也给自己作画。故选D。 9．句意：尽管当时人们并不购买他的画作，但如今他的画作却能卖出很高的价格。 Before在……之前；Though尽管；If如果；When当。前后两句构成让步关系，用Though引导让步状语从句，故选B。 10．句意：例如，《向日葵》这幅艺术作品在全世界都非常著名。 humorous幽默的；well-known著名的；messy杂乱的；tiny微小的。根据“People think his paintings are masterpieces”可知人们认为他的画作是杰作，《向日葵》这幅画在全世界都很有名，故选B。 四、阅读理解 In 1974, when some Chinese farmers dug a well near the city of Xi’an, Shanxi province, they discovered something amazing. The farmers dug into an underground room. It was a part of a huge tomb. It turned out that the tomb belonged to the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang. It is said that the emperor was afraid of death and spent much of his later life, looking for a way to live forever. For this reason, some experts believe that he had the tomb built to protect him after death. Qin Shi Huang’s tomb looks like his real-life empire(王国) did, except that it is all underground. People found many life-sized soldiers in the tomb. The soldiers are terra-cotta soldiers. Terra-cotta is the kind of baked clay that the soldiers were made from. This explains why the famous archaeological site is sometimes called the Terra-Cotta Soldiers. The soldiers all wear different clothes and have different faces. This makes them look like fossils of real people. Some of them ride on horses, and some of them are in carts pulled by horses. Even the kinds of the horses are different． As archaeologists(考古学家) point out, what is really important is that its more than six thousand soldiers are all facing east and are all ready for battle. It is because some of the soldiers have drawn crossbows and even drawn swords, which amazingly, are still shiny and sharp today. Experts believe that the reason the soldiers are facing east is because Qin Shi Huang’s enemies in life came from that direction. The terra-cotta soldiers, then, were built by the emperor to protect him in his tomb after he was dead． 1．According to the passage, what was the emperor’s purpose to build the tomb? A．To build an underground city B．To show his power and wealth C．To keep him safe after he was dead D．To prove he was not afraid of death 2．Why is the tomb not like the emperor’s real-life empire? A．Because the real-life empire lasted longer． B．Because the tomb was totally underground． C．Because the tomb is much smaller than the real-life empire． D．Because the real-life empire had no armies to protect the emperor． 3．According to the passage, what makes the soldiers look like fossils of real people? A．They are riding horses． B．They are ready for battle． C．They are made from terra-cotta． D．They have different clothes and faces． 4．What can we know about the soldiers being ready for battle? A．Not all armies in Ancient China carried swords and crossbows into battle． B．The drawn crossbows and swords make the soldiers look ready for battle． C．They are ready for battles against the emperor’s enemies from the west． D．These soldiers were just recently uncovered in the tomb． 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The first empire in China B．The death of an emperor C．The tomb of Qin Shi Huang D．The armies of Qin Shi Huang 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了秦始皇陵的发现，也详细介绍了兵马俑的特点以及考古学的发现。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段末尾的“For this reason, some experts believe that he had the tomb built to protect him after death.”可知，秦始皇建立这个陵墓是为了能够在他死后给他庇护。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段开头的“Qin Shi Huang’s tomb looks like his real-life empire(王国) did, except that it is all underground. ”可知，秦始皇陵和他真实的王国看起来相似，除了是全部建立在地底下。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The soldiers all wear different clothes and have different faces. This makes them look like fossils of real people. ”可知，兵马俑的士兵都穿着不同的衣服也有不同的面孔，这就让他们看起来像真人化石。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段的“…all facing east and are all ready for battle. It is because some of the soldiers have drawn crossbows and even drawn swords,”可知，所有士兵面朝东边准备着迎战，这是因为一些士兵们拔弩甚至拔剑。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。从文章的主要内容可知，开头介绍了秦始皇陵的发现，接着介绍其中的兵马俑以及考古学家对其的研究发现，因此主要是关于秦始皇陵的文章。故选C。 五、课文语法填空 Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and 1 (science). Da Vinci was __2_______(extreme) intelligent, and he was unusually talented in many different fields. He was a true genius, and his paintings and inventions changed the way we think about art and science. Leonardo da Vinci was born in the countryside in Italy. From an early age, he __3______(show)great intelligence and artistic talent. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His 4 (paint) are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some 5 (interest) drawings of flying machines and other vehicles. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs are____6________ type of prehistoric animal. They are _____7________（relate） to crocodiles, snakes and lizards. They are also the ancestors of today’s birds. Dinosaurs first appeared around 245 million years ago. The word “dinosaur” comes from two Greek words, and it means “terrible lizard”. Dinosaurs lived on land and walked on either two_____8______four legs. Many dinosaurs ate plants, but some ate meat. Dinosaurs came in different sizes. Some were as small as chickens, and others were as big as ten elephants. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for more than 180 million years. About 66 million years ago, dinosaurs suddenly died ____9______. Scientists are not completely sure why. However, they are learning more and more about dinosaurs by________10___(study) their fossils. 【答案】 1.scientist 2. extremely 3．showed 4．paintings 5．interesting 6. a 7. related 8. or 9. out 10. studying 【导语】本文主要介绍了一本百科全书的两篇文章。 1．句意：多·达·芬奇是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。根据“painter, inventor, musician, engineer and…”可知，画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师这些都是职业，“科学家”是scientist，是名词。故填scientist。 2. 句意：达芬奇是极其聪明的，他在许多不同的领域都有非凡的才能。 此处需要填入一个副词，修饰形容词intelligent，extreme的副词是extremely。故填extremely。 3．句意：从很小的时候，他就表现出了巨大的智慧和艺术才能。根据“From an early age”可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。show的过去式是showed。故填showed。 4．句意：他的画非常有名，其中一幅《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的画。根据“the Mona Lisa”可知，《蒙娜丽莎》是作品。本句表达的应是：他的画非常有名。“画、作品”可译为painting，是可数名词，此处需用名词的复数paintings。故填paintings。 5．句意：例如，他的笔记本上有一些有趣的飞行器图。根据“his notebooks include some…(interest) drawings of flying machines”可知，此处缺形容词，并且它是修饰物“drawings”，需用形容词“令人感兴趣的”interesting。故填interesting。 6.句意：恐龙是一种史前动物。“a type of”表示“一种”，这里是说恐龙是一种史前动物，故填a。 7. 句意：恐龙和恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种。“be related to”是固定搭配，表示“与……属于同一种类”，这里是说恐龙与鳄鱼、蛇和蜥蜴属于同一物种，故填related。 8.句意：恐龙在陆地上行走，要么用两条腿要么用四条腿“either...or...”是固定搭配，表示“要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，，故填or。 9.句意：大约6600万年前恐龙突然灭绝了。“die out”表示“灭绝”，故填out。 10. 然而，他们正在通过研究他们的化石来了解更多关于恐龙的知识。“by”是介词，后接动词的 -ing形式，故填studying。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$