Unit 1 Look it up! 基础过关&综能提升（教材考点精练）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

Unit 1 Look it up!基础过关&综能提升（教材考点精练） 内容导航 第一部分：要点梳理归纳 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第二部分：基础过关检测，强化预习效果 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 第三步：综能提升检测 培素养 提综能：培养综能素养，提高学科综合能力 知识导图 基础过关&综能提升（满分100分） Part I 基础过关（45分） 一、单词拼写（根据中英文提示，用正确的单词填空）（每小题1分，满分20分） 1．When I think of the d of my pet dog, I always feel sad. 【答案】(d)eath 【详解】句意：当我想到我宠物的死亡时，我总是感到悲伤。根据“I always feel sad.”及首字母可知，是指想到宠物狗的死亡，the后跟名词death“死亡”。故填(d)eath。 2．The w world is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer. 【答案】(w)hole 【详解】句意：整个世界缺水。我们不应该再浪费它了。根据“is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer”和首字母可推断是整个世界都缺水。whole“整个的”，形容词，作定语修饰名词world。故填(w)hole。 3．Van Gogh’s style of painting has been copied by other a for a long time. 【答案】(a)rtists 【详解】句意：梵高的绘画风格已经被其他艺术家模仿了好久。根据“Van Gogh's style of painting has been copied…”及首字母提示，可知，梵高的画作被其他艺术家模仿，“artist”艺术家，可数名词。other“其他的”，后接可数名词复数，故填(a)rtists。 4．—Who sent the box to us, Mom? What’s in it? —I’m not sure. P it’s a gift from your grandparents. 【答案】(P)erhaps 【详解】句意：——谁给我们寄的盒子，妈妈？里面有什么？——我不确定。也许它是来自你祖父母的礼物。根据“I’m not sure.”和首字母提示可知，此处表示猜测，也许是祖父母送的礼物。perhaps“也许”，副词修饰后面的句子，作状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填(P)erhaps。 5．Dolphins are very i . They can perform many tricks. 【答案】(i)ntelligent 【详解】句意：海豚非常聪明。它们可以表演许多把戏。根据“They can perform many tricks”和首字母提示可知，海豚很聪明，这里应该填形容词intelligent“聪明的”，作表语。故填(i)ntelligent。 6．Laura is t in music and has got the first place in the singing competition. 【答案】(t)alented 【详解】句意：劳拉在音乐方面有天赋，并且在歌唱比赛中获得了第一名。根据“has got the first place in the singing competition”和所给首字母可知，在歌唱比赛中获得了第一名，说明她有天赋，此空填“talented”表示“有天赋的”，在句中作表语。故填(t)alented。 7．Linda is so hungry. Please give her a p of bread. 【答案】(p)iece 【详解】句意：琳达饿极了。请给她一片面包。根据“Please give her a…of bread.”的语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指一片面包，a piece of“一片”，是固定词组。故填(p)iece。 8．Her dream is to be an of the school newspaper. (edit) 【答案】editor 【详解】句意：她的梦想是成为校报的编辑。根据英文句子和提示词可知，此处表达成为校报的编辑，空处应用名词作表语，edit“编辑”，动词，editor“编者”，名词。故填editor。 9．I don’t have (some) money to buy the book. 【答案】any 【详解】句意：我没有钱买书。根据“I don’t have”可知，此处是否定句，应用any。故填any。 10．How surprised he was to see his lost (笔记本) again on the bookshelf! 【答案】notebook 【详解】句意：当他看到他丢失的笔记本又在书架上时，他是多么惊讶啊！notebook“笔记本”，是名词，此处用单数形式，故填notebook。 11．My little brother is interested in (恐龙) very much. 【答案】dinosaurs 【详解】句意：我弟弟对恐龙很感兴趣。dinosaur“恐龙”，此处用复数形式，表示概数概念。故填dinosaurs。 12．His family came from Italy, then they moved to Germany.(origin) 【答案】originally 【详解】句意：他的家人最初是从意大利来的，后来他们搬到了德国。originally的意思是“起初，原来”,根据句意及所给单词提示，故填originally。 13．She always keeps things in her room in (顺序). 【答案】order 【详解】句意：她总是把房间里的东西收拾得井井有条。“顺序”order，in order表示“整齐，秩序井然”，固定短语，名词在句中作宾语。故填order。 14．The twins look so s (相似的) that I can hardly tell them apart (分开). 【答案】(s)imilar 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎看起来如此相似，以至于我几乎分不清他们。“similar”是一个形容词，意为“相似的”，故填(s)imilar。 15．What was your weight at your (出生)? 【答案】birth 【详解】句意：你出生时的体重是多少？“出生”birth，at one’s birth“在某人出生的时候”。故填birth。 16．If enough of you are interested, we’ll o (组织) a trip to Wuhu Museum. 【答案】(o)rganise/(o)rganise 【详解】句意：如果有足够多的人感兴趣，我们将组织一次去芜湖博物馆的旅行。organize/organise“组织”，will后接动词的原形。故填(o)rganise/(o)rganise。 17．AI technology (技术) (complete) changed many people’s lives. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：人工智能技术彻底改变了许多人的生活。空处修饰动词changed，应用副词completely“彻底地”。故填completely。 18．Zhou Shen is a (talent) singer. Many people love his songs. 【答案】talented 【详解】句意：周深是一个有天赋的歌手。许多人喜爱他的歌曲。根据题意可知，空处修饰名词singer，需用形容词，所以talent的形容词是talented，意为“有天赋的”，符合语境。故填talented。 19．His grandfather’s (die) made him feel very sad. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：他祖父的去世使他非常悲伤。根据“His grandfather’s…made him feel very sad.”可知，空前为“His grandfather’s”，空处应填名词作主语；die“死亡”，动词，其名词形式为death。故填death。 20．He often from headaches. (suffer) 【答案】suffers 【详解】句意：他经常头痛。根据 “often ”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是he ，动词用三单形式。故填suffers。 二、单项选择（每小题1分，满分15分） 21．We were all tired. ________, we still went on with the work. A．Before B．Although C．However D．So 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都累了。然而，我们仍然继续工作。 考查副词用法。before在……之前；although尽管；however然而；so所以。根据“We were all tired...we still went on with the work”可知前后表示转折，且空后有逗号，应用however，故选C。 22．China is very famous ________ its places of interest. A．for B．as C．to D．in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：中国以其名胜古迹而闻名。 考查介词辨析。for为了；as作为；to到；in在……里。be famous for因……而出名，后接出名的原因；be famous as作为……而出名，后接某种职业。根据“its places of interest”可知，名胜古迹是中国出名的原因，所以此空应填for，故选A。 23．We all like the little girl because she is very ________ and knows a lot. A．foolish B．intelligent C．busy D．afraid 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们都喜欢这个小女孩，因为她很聪明，懂得很多。 考查形容词辨析。foolish愚蠢的；intelligent聪明的；busy忙碌的；afraid害怕的。根据“knows a lot”可知，知道很多，说明她很聪明，故选B。 24．—Can you help me ________ the opening time of the library, Mike? —Of course. A．look for B．look up C．look at D．look into 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——迈克，你能帮我查一下图书馆的开放时间吗？——当然可以。 考查动词短语辨析。look for寻找；look up查阅；look at看；look into调查。根据“Can you help me ... the opening time of the library”可知，此处是查阅图书馆的开放时间。故选B。 25．________ time went by, we saw less and less of each other. A．As B．After C．If D．Because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：随着时间的推移，我们彼此的见面越来越少。 考查连词辨析。as随着；after在……之后；if如果；because因为。根据“time went by”可知此处是指随着时间的推移，应用as引导从句。故选A。 26．Of the three foreign friends, one is from London, ________ two are from New York. A．other B．the other C．others D．the others 【答案】B 【详解】句意：三个外国朋友中，一个来自伦敦，另外两个来自纽约。 考查代词辨析。other其他的，形容词；the other两者中的另一个；others其余的；the others其他东西，其余的人，the other的复数形式。根据“one is from London,...two are from New York.”可知把这三个人分成了两部分，也就是成了结构“one…the other…”意为“一个……另外的……”，故选B。 27．Jimmy bought a lot of books yesterday, ________ an English novel. A．include B．including C．included D．to include 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉米昨天买了很多书，包括一本英语小说。 考查词义辨析。include包括，动词；including包括，用作介词和前面的句子用逗号隔开；included包括在内的，多作后置定语；to include是不定式。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作状语，需用介宾结构；including an English novel包括一本英语小说，故选B。 28．I’m different ________ my friends. Are you similar ________ each other? A．to; from B．from; to C．with; to D．from; from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我和朋友们不一样。你们彼此间很相似吗？ 考查介词辨析。to到；from从；with和。be different from“与……不同”，be similar to“与……相似”。故选B。 29．Parents play a role in ________ their children. A．teach B．teaches C．to teach D．teaching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：父母在教育孩子方面发挥着作用。 考查动名词。play a role in doing sth“在做某事中发挥作用”，介词in后面用动名词。故选D。 30．This problem is too hard, so ________ can work it out, I think. A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个问题太难了，所以我认为没人能够解答出来。 考查代词辨析。anybody任何人；nobody没有人；somebody有人，某人；everybody每个人，所有人。根据“This problem is too hard”可知，这个问题太难了，没有人能解答。故选B。 31．— Li Tao came first in the boys’ 200-meter race of the 23rd Sports Meeting. — Great! There is ________ more exciting than the news! A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——李涛在第二十三届运动会男子200米赛跑中获得了第一名。——太棒了！没有比这个消息更令人兴奋的了。 考查不定代词辨析。something某事，某物；anything任何东西，任何事物；everything每件事物；nothing没有什么。根据语境“Great!”可知，此处表达的是没有比这个消息更令人兴奋的了，所以应该用否定词nothing来表示“没有”，与more exciting构成比较级否定结构，表示最高级的意思。故选D。 32．—Would you like ________ noodles for dinner? —No, thank you. I’m full. A．some B．any C．much D．many 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你晚餐想吃些面条吗？——不，谢谢。我饱了。 考查不定代词辨析。some一些，常用于肯定句或表示请求、建议的疑问句；any一些，常用于否定句或疑问句；much许多，修饰不可数名词；many许多，修饰可数名词复数。根据“noodles”为可数名词复数，且该句为表示建议的疑问句，应用some，故选A。 33．To my surprise, my father hardly has _________ hair, because my dad is 85 years old. A．some B．any C．a few D．every 【答案】B 【详解】句意：令我惊讶的是, 我父亲几乎没剩多少头发了，因为我爸爸已经85岁了。 考查不定代词。some一些，用于肯定句中，表达希望得到对方肯定回答时，也可以用于疑问句中；any任何，用于否定和疑问句中；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；every每一个。根据句中的“hardly”可知，本句为否定句，表示几乎没有头发。故选B。 34．—I can’t see ________ there. What about you, Paul? —I can see nothing either. A．nothing strange B．something strange C．anything strange D．strange anything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我在那没看见什么奇怪的东西。你呢，Paul？——我也没看见。 考查复合不定代词的用法。nothing什么都没有；something某物；anything任何东西。根据答句“I can see nothing either.”可知此句表示没看见奇怪的东西，句中有“not”，应用“anything”，not anything=nothing，排除选项A和B；“strange”修饰复合不定代词，应后置。故选C。 35．—In my opinion, reading is more important than speaking in English learning. —I can’t agree with you. I think speaking is ________ reading. A．more important B．the most important C．as important as D．so important as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在我看来，在英语学习中阅读比说更重要。——我不能同意你的看法。我认为说和阅读一样重要。 考查形容词原级比较。more important 更重要，形容词比较级；the most important 最重要，形容词最高级；as important as 和……一样重要，形容词原级比较；so important as 和……一样重要，用于否定句。根据“I can’t agree with you.”可知，此处表示不同意对方的观点，认为说和阅读一样重要，且该句为肯定句，因此应该用“as important as”来表示两者之间的比较。故选C。 三、完成句子（每小题2分，满分10分） 36．如果我们再不停止污染，许多动植物都将会灭绝。 If we don’t stop the pollution, many plants and animals one day. 【答案】 will die out 【详解】由汉语和所给的英语翻译可知“灭绝”译成：die out，if引导的条件状语从句，时态上遵循“主将从现”原则，即：主句用一般将来时will do，从句用一般现在时。故填will；die；out。 37．一些科学家在忙于搜集信息，其他的在严肃地讨论中。 scientists are busy collecting information, are discussing in a serious way. 【答案】 Some others 【详解】some“一些”；others“其他的人”作主语。故填Some；others。 38．电脑在教学中起了重要作用。 Computers teaching. 【答案】 play an important part in 【详解】根据汉语可知，这里是固定词组，play an important part in“起着重要的作用”。主语Computers是复数，时态是一般现在时，所以谓语动词是原形。故填play；an；important；part；in。 39．我的书包与你的书包相似。 My schoolbag yours. 【答案】 is similar to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“与……相似”，be similar to “与……相似”，形容词短语，结合句意可知，时态为一般现在时，又根据主语是My schoolbag，所以此be 动词用is。故填is；similar；to。 40．这个问题肯定与我们今天所学的内容有关。 This problem must what we learned today. 【答案】 have to do with 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英语部分缺少“与……有关”的翻译。have to do with意为“关于；与……有关系”，固定短语，情态动词must后跟动词原形。故填have；to；do；with。 Part II 综能提升（55分） 四、完形填空（每小题1分，满分10分） Every scientist has a childhood dream. A scientist in China once had a(n) 41 . He wished to grow a new type of rice which could produce a lot. This person is Yuan Longping, who was 42 in 1930. He graduated from the Southwest Agricultural(农业) University in 1953. Yuan Longping came up with an idea for a hybrid(杂交的) rice in the 1960s. Since then, he has devoted himself to the research and development of new varieties(品种). In 1973, together with other people, he 43 in the development of hybrid rice. This made China be a worldwide leader in rice production. For this, he was called “Father of Hybrid Rice”. In 1980, the technology for hybrid rice was 44 to the United States. 45 Professor Yuan’s hard work, China now produces enough rice to 46 her people every year. In his 47 time, he loved playing the violin and listening to music. Every night, he read for half an hour 48 he went to sleep. He liked swimming, too. It was said that Professor Yuan is one of the 49 people in China. And he cared about 50 but his research. 41．A．idea B．dream C．thought D．invention 42．A．born B．appeared C．discovered D．took 43．A．failed B．succeeded C．arrived D．defeated 44．A．given B．introduced C．won D．included 45．A．According to B．Compared with C．Because of D．Based on 46．A．feed B．offer C．send D．provide 47．A．spare B．busy C．lonely D．boring 48．A．after B．until C．before D．since 49．A．richest B．poorest C．oldest D．most careful 50．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something 【答案】 41．B 42．A 43．B 44．B 45．C 46．A 47．A 48．C 49．D 50．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国著名的科学家袁隆平教授，他发展的杂交水稻技术，极大地提高了粮食产量，他一心只做研究，是中国最伟大的人物之一。 41．句意：中国的一位科学家曾经有一个梦想。 idea主意；dream梦想；thought想法；invention发明。根据“Every scientist has a childhood dream”可知是指梦想，故选B。 42．句意：这个人叫袁隆平，出生于1930年。 born出生；appeared出现；discovered发现；took拿。根据“This person is Yuan Longping, who was...in 1930”可知是说袁隆平出生于1930年，故选A。 43．句意：1973年，他和其他人一起成功地培育出了杂交水稻。 failed失败；succeeded成功；arrived到达；defeated击败。根据“This made China be a worldwide leader in rice production.”可知袁隆平和其他人一起成功地培育出了杂交水稻。故选B。 44．句意：1980年，杂交水稻技术被引入美国。 given给；introduced介绍，引进；won赢；included包括。根据“In 1980, the technology for hybrid rice was...to the United States”可知杂交水稻技术被引入美国。故选B。 45．句意：由于袁教授的辛勤工作，中国现在每年生产的大米足够养活她的人民。 According to根据；Compared with和……比较；Because of因为；Based on基于。根据“Professor Yuan’s hard work, China now produces enough rice to...her people every year.”可知是由于袁隆平的辛勤工作，中国现在不缺少粮食了，故选C。 46．句意：由于袁教授的辛勤工作，中国现在每年生产的大米足够养活她的人民。 feed喂养；offer提供；send发送；provide提供。根据“China now produces enough rice to...her people”可知是指大米养活中国人，故选A。 47．句意：在业余时间，他喜欢拉小提琴和听音乐。 spare空闲的；busy忙碌的；lonely可爱的；boring无聊的。根据“In his...time, he loved playing the violin and listening to music.”可知空闲时间里，袁隆平喜欢拉小提琴和听音乐。故选A。 48．句意：每天晚上睡觉前，他都要读半个小时的书。 after在……之后；until直到；before在……之前；since自从。根据“he read for half an hour...he went to sleep.”可知看书是在睡觉前，故选C。 49．句意：据说袁教授是中国最细心的人之一。他除了他的研究之外什么也不关心。 richest最富裕的；poorest最穷的；oldest最老的；most careful最细心的。根据全文理解可知，此处是介绍袁隆平教授在工作上的认真、细心。故选D。 50．句意：据说袁教授是中国最细心的人之一。他除了他的研究之外什么也不关心。 everything一切；anything任何事；nothing没有什么；something某事。根据“he cared about…but his research”可知，袁隆平教授除了研究之外，什么也不关心；nothing but“除了……什么也不，只有”。故选C。 5、 阅读理解（每小题2分，满分20分） A Robots and humans can work together as a team, but this brings both good and bad for teamwork. A recent study found that when people work with robots, they might not try as hard or stay as focused. In the study, two groups of people were asked to check circuit boards (电路板) for mistakes. The first group was told a robot named Panda had already checked the boards. They could see and hear Panda when they worked. The second group had to check alone. At first, it seemed like Panda’s presence didn’t make a difference. Both groups spent the same time checking the boards and found a similar number of mistakes. However, the first group found fewer mistakes later on. This could mean that they depended (依赖) too much on the robot and didn’t pay as much attention. They believed that Panda wouldn’t miss any mistakes. _________ In the study, people found out fewer mistakes when working with the robot. So in longer work periods, especially when tasks are boring and there in much super vision (监管), workers are probably unable to stay focused. This could be dangerous, especially in jobs where double-checking is important for safety. To understand the problem better, the scientists suggested doing studies in real work places with skilled workers who often work with robots. This would give us a clearer picture of how attention changes while working with robots. 51．What’s the function (功能) of Paragraph 1? A．To share a story. B．To introduce the topic. C．To discuss robots. D．To describe a study. 52．The first group found fewer mistakes later because________ A．they were more focused B．they were less experienced C．they trusted Panda too much D．they worked faster than the other group. 53．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Robots might take humans’ place. B．This could lead to safety problems. C．However, robots are not so smart. D．There is still a long journey for robots. 54．The study shows us that ________ A．humans don’t take safety seriously B．checking things twice is always important C．humans shouldn’t depend on robots too much D．robots are hard-working while humans are lazy 55．What would the writer write about after the last paragraph? A．How to make robots much smarter. B．How to stop workers from feeling sleepy. C．More examples of people making mistakes. D．The results of further studies in real work places. 【答案】51．B 52．C 53．B 54．C 55．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了机器人与人类团队合作带来的利弊，通过具体研究表明人类在与机器人合作时可能会过度依赖机器人，导致注意力不集中，进而引发安全问题，并提出需要在实际工作场所对熟练工人与机器人合作进行进一步研究。 51．推理判断题。第一段指出机器人和人类一起工作对团队合作有好坏两方面影响，且提到研究发现人类与机器人合作时可能出现的问题，引出了下文关于此研究的详细介绍，所以第一段的功能是引出话题。故选B。 52．细节理解题。根据第三段“This could mean that they depended too much on the robot and didn't pay as much attention. They believed that Panda wouldn’t miss any mistakes.”可知，第一组后来发现错误变少是因为他们过度依赖机器人，认为机器人不会遗漏任何错误。故选C。 53．推理判断题。根据第四段下文“In the study, people found out fewer mistakes when working with the robot. So in longer work periods, especially when tasks are boring and there in much super vision, workers are probably unable to stay focused.”可知，在更长的工作时间中，特别是在任务无聊且监管不足的情况下，工人可能无法保持专注，这可能导致安全问题；因此，此处需要填入一个与安全问题相关的句子；选项B“这可能导致安全问题。”符合语境。故选B。 54．推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent study found that when people work with robots, they might not try as hard or stay as focused.”可知，文章通过研究表明人类在与机器人合作时会过度依赖机器人，导致注意力不集中，从而影响工作质量；据此可以推断，人类不应该过度依赖机器人。故选C。 55．推理判断题。最后一段提到科学家建议在实际工作场所对经常与机器人合作的熟练工人进行研究，以更好地理解问题；据此可以推断，接下来作者可能会写在实际工作场所进一步研究的结果。故选D。 B 1 Throughout history, people have always looked for knowledge. This led to the creation of many important encyclopaedias. Ancient Rome 2 The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny. He wrote about his knowledge of ancient Rome. Although many of his writings were true, some were hard to believe, like the Sciapodae people with one foot as big as an umbrella! However, Pliny never finished improving his work because he went to Pompeii in 79 A．D．to visit Mount Vesuvius and died in the eruption (火山爆发). Ancient China 3 From the 10th to the 17th centuries, the Chinese government asked many clever people to make encyclopaedias. In the 11th century, they wrote Four Great Books of Song to collect all the information about the new Song dynasty. In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later. Enlightenment Ideas (启蒙思想） ④ When printing became common, encyclopaedias grew popular and important. During the Enlightenment, a famous encyclopaedia called Encyclopédie came out in France in 1751. Editor Diderot wanted it to “change the way people think” and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命). The Internet Age ⑤ As the world went online, knowledge grew, too. Internet encyclopaedias started in the early1990s. By 2001, Wikipedia came out. In 2004, it became the biggest encyclopaedia with 300, 000 articles. By 2022, it had 6.5 million articles with pictures, videos, and more, making a lot of information easy to find online. 56．What was the earliest encyclopaedia on record? A．Natural History. B．Four Great Books of Song. C．Encyclopédie. D．Yongle Encyclopaedia. 57．What was the largest encyclopaedia worldwide in the early 1980s? A．Wikipedia. B．Four Great Books of Song. C．Encyclopaedia Britannica. D．Yongle Encyclopaedia. 58．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．French people were stupid at that time. B．Encyclopédie was an English encyclopaedia. C．Encyclopédie challenged the traditions of its time. D．The development of printing did not help people learn. 59．What can we learn from the history of encyclopaedias? A．People have never stopped looking for and sharing knowledge. B．Only intelligent and knowledgeable people can make encyclopaedias. C．Europe was the world’s education centre over the past two thousand years. D．Europeans and Chinese could not exchange information until the Internet age. 60．Where can you most probably find this article? A．From a story book. B．From an art magazine. C．From a newspaper. D．From a learning website. 【答案】56．A 57．D 58．C 59．A 60．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些百科全书的发展历史。 56．细节理解题。根据“The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny.”可知，最早的百科全书是《自然史》。故选A。 57．细节理解题。根据“In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later.”可知，直到维基百科出现之前，《永乐大典》是最大的百科全书。故选D。 58．推理判断题。根据“Editor Diderot wanted it to ‘change the way people think’ and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命).”可知，大百科全书鼓励人们质疑国王的统治，表明其挑战了当时的传统。故选C。 59．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了不论是东方还是西方，不论何种时代，人们一直都在编纂作为知识象征的百科全书，所以本文隐含的主旨是：人们从未停止对知识的追求。故选A。 60．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了百科全书的发展历史，最这篇文章有可能出现在学习网站上。故选D。 六、语法填空（每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，使用括号中词语的正确形式填空或在空格处填入一个适当的词(冠词，介词或连词) ，使短文完整正确。 Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi Province. It lies in 61 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang. He started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 62 (give) it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved 63 (it) great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 64 (build) their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China—is a good example. It 65 (go) around the city and is an important 66 (culture) site (遗址). In central Xi’an, there is the Bell Tower—the 67 (large) bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed (设计) as an emergency alarm (警钟) to warn of danger, 68 it was very often used to tell people the time. While Xi’an is a city 69 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best known as a center for software research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 70 (city). Xi’an is a city always remaking itself and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past. 【答案】 61．the 62．gave 63．its 64．building 65．goes 66．cultural 67．largest 68．but 69．with 70．cities 【导语】本文主要介绍了西安的历史。 61．句意：它位于中国北部。in the north of“在……北部”。故填the。 62．句意：他给它命名为长安。空处位于主语He后，填动词作谓语。命名这件事发生在过去，此句时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。give“给”，动词，其过去式为gave。故填gave。 63．句意：唐代，西安的地位十分重要。空处位于名词importance前，填形容词性物主代词作定语。it“它”，主格，其形容词性物主代词为its。故填its。 64．句意：韩国、日本等都效仿西安建设古都。空处位于介词in后，填动词ing形式。build“建设”，动词，其ing形式为building。故填building。 65．句意：它环绕整个城市，是一个重要的文化遗址。空处位于主语It后，填动词作谓语。描述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语动词用三单形式。go“去，进入某种状态”，动词，其三单形式为goes。故填goes。 66．句意：它环绕整个城市，是一个重要的文化遗址。空处位于名词site前，填形容词作定语。culture“文化”，名词，其形容词为cultural“文化的”。故填cultural。 67．句意：在西安市中心，有一座钟楼——中国现存最大的钟楼。空处位于名词bell tower前，填形容词作定语。根据“in China”可知，空处填形容词最高级。large“大的”，形容词，最高级为largest。故填largest。 68．句意：钟最初是作为警告危险的警钟而设计的，但它经常被用来告诉人们时间。空处填连词连接前后两句话，分析可知，前后构成转折关系，设计目的是警告危险，但是被用来告知时间。but“但是”，表转折关系的连词。故填but。 69．句意：西安是一座历史悠久的城市，同时也是现代世界的一部分。此处用“with+名词短语”的复合结构作后置定语，修饰city。with“具有”，介词。故填with。 70．句意：历史上，西安一直是一座艺术之城、工业之城、商业之城，遥遥领先于许多其他城市。空处位于many other后，填可数名词复数。city“城市”，名词，复数形式为cities。故填cities。 七、书面表达（15分） 71．假设你叫李俊，你的笔友David对中国诺贝尔医学奖获得者屠呦呦很感兴趣。他最近给你写了一封信，询问有关屠呦呦的情况。请给David写一封回信。 屠呦呦自幼对医学(medicine)很感兴趣，于1955年毕业于(graduated)北京医学院(Beijing Medical College)，毕业后一直从事医学研究(medical research)。她工作认真负责，不怕失败，甚至经常带病工作，致力于为中国医学做出贡献(make contributions)。 Place of birth(出生地点) Ningbo, Zhejiang Province Date of birth(出生日期) December 30, 1930 Career(职业) a physician(医学家) Characteristics(性格) Hard-working, creative, full of talent Achievements(成就) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine (October 5, 2015) 你的启发 (至少两点) 写作要求： 1.文章必须包含所有提示内容，并可作适当发挥； 2.表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.字数要求80词左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。 Dear David, Thanks for your letter. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Jun 【答案】例文： Dear David, Thanks for your letter. You said you were interested in Tu Youyou. Now I’ll tell you something about her. Tu Youyou is a famous female physician. She was born on December 30, 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. She has been very interested in medicine since childhood. She graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1955. She has been engaged in medical research since graduation. This is her favorite job. She works hard and she is creative. She is not afraid of failure, and even often works with illness. She often works day and night. She is full of talent. She devoted herself to the research a drug which is useful for cancer patients. After years of unremitting efforts, she finally succeeded. And in 2015, she won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. She has made great contributions to Chinese medicine. I am really proud of her. I will study hard and try to get into my dream university. I also want to be a useful person to society in the future, just like her.                                                    Yours sincerely, Li Jun 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇书信作文； ② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③ 提示：根据所给提示完成写作，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍要告诉一些关于屠呦呦的事情； 第二步，具体介绍屠呦呦的情况； 第三步，最后介绍自己的启发。 [亮点词汇] ① be interested in对……感兴趣 ② be full of 充满 ③ graduate from毕业于 [高分句型] ① She devotes herself to the research a drug which is useful for cancer patients. (which引导的定语从句) ② You said you were interested in Tu Youyou. (宾语从句) / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Look it up!基础过关&综能提升（教材考点精练） 内容导航 第一部分：要点梳理归纳 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第二部分：基础过关检测，强化预习效果 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 第三步：综能提升检测 培素养 提综能：培养综能素养，提高学科综合能力 知识导图 基础过关&综能提升（满分100分） Part I 基础过关（45分） 一、单词拼写（根据中英文提示，用正确的单词填空）（每小题1分，满分20分） 1．When I think of the d of my pet dog, I always feel sad. 2．The w world is short of water. We shouldn’t waste (浪费) it any longer. 3．Van Gogh’s style of painting has been copied by other a for a long time. 4．—Who sent the box to us, Mom? What’s in it? —I’m not sure. P it’s a gift from your grandparents. 5．Dolphins are very i . They can perform many tricks. 6．Laura is t in music and has got the first place in the singing competition. 7．Linda is so hungry. Please give her a p of bread. 8．Her dream is to be an of the school newspaper. (edit) 9．I don’t have (some) money to buy the book. 10．How surprised he was to see his lost (笔记本) again on the bookshelf! 11．My little brother is interested in (恐龙) very much. 12．His family came from Italy, then they moved to Germany.(origin) 13．She always keeps things in her room in (顺序). 14．The twins look so s (相似的) that I can hardly tell them apart (分开). 15．What was your weight at your (出生)? 16．If enough of you are interested, we’ll o (组织) a trip to Wuhu Museum. 17．AI technology (技术) (complete) changed many people’s lives. 18．Zhou Shen is a (talent) singer. Many people love his songs. 19．His grandfather’s (die) made him feel very sad. 20．He often from headaches. (suffer) 二、单项选择（每小题1分，满分15分） 21．We were all tired. ________, we still went on with the work. A．Before B．Although C．However D．So 22．China is very famous ________ its places of interest. A．for B．as C．to D．in 23．We all like the little girl because she is very ________ and knows a lot. A．foolish B．intelligent C．busy D．afraid 24．—Can you help me ________ the opening time of the library, Mike? —Of course. A．look for B．look up C．look at D．look into 25．________ time went by, we saw less and less of each other. A．As B．After C．If D．Because 26．Of the three foreign friends, one is from London, ________ two are from New York. A．other B．the other C．others D．the others 27．Jimmy bought a lot of books yesterday, ________ an English novel. A．include B．including C．included D．to include 28．I’m different ________ my friends. Are you similar ________ each other? A．to; from B．from; to C．with; to D．from; from 29．Parents play a role in ________ their children. A．teach B．teaches C．to teach D．teaching 30．This problem is too hard, so ________ can work it out, I think. A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody 31．— Li Tao came first in the boys’ 200-meter race of the 23rd Sports Meeting. — Great! There is ________ more exciting than the news! A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 32．—Would you like ________ noodles for dinner? —No, thank you. I’m full. A．some B．any C．much D．many 33．To my surprise, my father hardly has _________ hair, because my dad is 85 years old. A．some B．any C．a few D．every 34．—I can’t see ________ there. What about you, Paul? —I can see nothing either. A．nothing strange B．something strange C．anything strange D．strange anything 35．—In my opinion, reading is more important than speaking in English learning. —I can’t agree with you. I think speaking is ________ reading. A．more important B．the most important C．as important as D．so important as 三、完成句子（每小题2分，满分10分） 36．如果我们再不停止污染，许多动植物都将会灭绝。 If we don’t stop the pollution, many plants and animals one day. 37．一些科学家在忙于搜集信息，其他的在严肃地讨论中。 scientists are busy collecting information, are discussing in a serious way. 38．电脑在教学中起了重要作用。 Computers teaching. 39．我的书包与你的书包相似。 My schoolbag yours. 40．这个问题肯定与我们今天所学的内容有关。 This problem must what we learned today. Part II 综能提升（55分） 四、完形填空（每小题1分，满分10分） Every scientist has a childhood dream. A scientist in China once had a(n) 41 . He wished to grow a new type of rice which could produce a lot. This person is Yuan Longping, who was 42 in 1930. He graduated from the Southwest Agricultural(农业) University in 1953. Yuan Longping came up with an idea for a hybrid(杂交的) rice in the 1960s. Since then, he has devoted himself to the research and development of new varieties(品种). In 1973, together with other people, he 43 in the development of hybrid rice. This made China be a worldwide leader in rice production. For this, he was called “Father of Hybrid Rice”. In 1980, the technology for hybrid rice was 44 to the United States. 45 Professor Yuan’s hard work, China now produces enough rice to 46 her people every year. In his 47 time, he loved playing the violin and listening to music. Every night, he read for half an hour 48 he went to sleep. He liked swimming, too. It was said that Professor Yuan is one of the 49 people in China. And he cared about 50 but his research. 41．A．idea B．dream C．thought D．invention 42．A．born B．appeared C．discovered D．took 43．A．failed B．succeeded C．arrived D．defeated 44．A．given B．introduced C．won D．included 45．A．According to B．Compared with C．Because of D．Based on 46．A．feed B．offer C．send D．provide 47．A．spare B．busy C．lonely D．boring 48．A．after B．until C．before D．since 49．A．richest B．poorest C．oldest D．most careful 50．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something 5、 阅读理解（每小题2分，满分20分） A Robots and humans can work together as a team, but this brings both good and bad for teamwork. A recent study found that when people work with robots, they might not try as hard or stay as focused. In the study, two groups of people were asked to check circuit boards (电路板) for mistakes. The first group was told a robot named Panda had already checked the boards. They could see and hear Panda when they worked. The second group had to check alone. At first, it seemed like Panda’s presence didn’t make a difference. Both groups spent the same time checking the boards and found a similar number of mistakes. However, the first group found fewer mistakes later on. This could mean that they depended (依赖) too much on the robot and didn’t pay as much attention. They believed that Panda wouldn’t miss any mistakes. _________ In the study, people found out fewer mistakes when working with the robot. So in longer work periods, especially when tasks are boring and there in much super vision (监管), workers are probably unable to stay focused. This could be dangerous, especially in jobs where double-checking is important for safety. To understand the problem better, the scientists suggested doing studies in real work places with skilled workers who often work with robots. This would give us a clearer picture of how attention changes while working with robots. 51．What’s the function (功能) of Paragraph 1? A．To share a story. B．To introduce the topic. C．To discuss robots. D．To describe a study. 52．The first group found fewer mistakes later because________ A．they were more focused B．they were less experienced C．they trusted Panda too much D．they worked faster than the other group. 53．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Robots might take humans’ place. B．This could lead to safety problems. C．However, robots are not so smart. D．There is still a long journey for robots. 54．The study shows us that ________ A．humans don’t take safety seriously B．checking things twice is always important C．humans shouldn’t depend on robots too much D．robots are hard-working while humans are lazy 55．What would the writer write about after the last paragraph? A．How to make robots much smarter. B．How to stop workers from feeling sleepy. C．More examples of people making mistakes. D．The results of further studies in real work places. B 1 Throughout history, people have always looked for knowledge. This led to the creation of many important encyclopaedias. Ancient Rome 2 The earliest encyclopaedia on record is Natural History by Pliny. He wrote about his knowledge of ancient Rome. Although many of his writings were true, some were hard to believe, like the Sciapodae people with one foot as big as an umbrella! However, Pliny never finished improving his work because he went to Pompeii in 79 A．D．to visit Mount Vesuvius and died in the eruption (火山爆发). Ancient China 3 From the 10th to the 17th centuries, the Chinese government asked many clever people to make encyclopaedias. In the 11th century, they wrote Four Great Books of Song to collect all the information about the new Song dynasty. In 1408, China completed Yongle Encyclopaedia. It was the largest encyclopaedia until Wikipedia came along about six hundred years later. Enlightenment Ideas (启蒙思想） ④ When printing became common, encyclopaedias grew popular and important. During the Enlightenment, a famous encyclopaedia called Encyclopédie came out in France in 1751. Editor Diderot wanted it to “change the way people think” and help the rising middle class teach themselves. Also, the ideas in the book encouraged people to question the king's rule. This helped lay the cultural foundation (基础) for the French Revolution (法国大革命). The Internet Age ⑤ As the world went online, knowledge grew, too. Internet encyclopaedias started in the early1990s. By 2001, Wikipedia came out. In 2004, it became the biggest encyclopaedia with 300, 000 articles. By 2022, it had 6.5 million articles with pictures, videos, and more, making a lot of information easy to find online. 56．What was the earliest encyclopaedia on record? A．Natural History. B．Four Great Books of Song. C．Encyclopédie. D．Yongle Encyclopaedia. 57．What was the largest encyclopaedia worldwide in the early 1980s? A．Wikipedia. B．Four Great Books of Song. C．Encyclopaedia Britannica. D．Yongle Encyclopaedia. 58．What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A．French people were stupid at that time. B．Encyclopédie was an English encyclopaedia. C．Encyclopédie challenged the traditions of its time. D．The development of printing did not help people learn. 59．What can we learn from the history of encyclopaedias? A．People have never stopped looking for and sharing knowledge. B．Only intelligent and knowledgeable people can make encyclopaedias. C．Europe was the world’s education centre over the past two thousand years. D．Europeans and Chinese could not exchange information until the Internet age. 60．Where can you most probably find this article? A．From a story book. B．From an art magazine. C．From a newspaper. D．From a learning website. 六、语法填空（每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，使用括号中词语的正确形式填空或在空格处填入一个适当的词(冠词，介词或连词) ，使短文完整正确。 Xi’an is the capital city of Shaanxi Province. It lies in 61 north of China. The city’s early history is often connected with Liu Bang. He started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 62 (give) it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved 63 (it) great importance. Korea and Japan followed Xi’an’s example in 64 (build) their ancient capitals. Many things from ancient times can still be found in Xi’an today. The city wall—one of the few city walls still left in China—is a good example. It 65 (go) around the city and is an important 66 (culture) site (遗址). In central Xi’an, there is the Bell Tower—the 67 (large) bell tower remaining in China. The bell was first designed (设计) as an emergency alarm (警钟) to warn of danger, 68 it was very often used to tell people the time. While Xi’an is a city 69 a long history, it is also very much a part of the modern world. It is best known as a center for software research, development and services. Historically, Xi’an has always been a city of art, industry and business that have placed it far in front of many other 70 (city). Xi’an is a city always remaking itself and looking forward, all the while keeping the best of the past. 七、书面表达（15分） 71．假设你叫李俊，你的笔友David对中国诺贝尔医学奖获得者屠呦呦很感兴趣。他最近给你写了一封信，询问有关屠呦呦的情况。请给David写一封回信。 屠呦呦自幼对医学(medicine)很感兴趣，于1955年毕业于(graduated)北京医学院(Beijing Medical College)，毕业后一直从事医学研究(medical research)。她工作认真负责，不怕失败，甚至经常带病工作，致力于为中国医学做出贡献(make contributions)。 Place of birth(出生地点) Ningbo, Zhejiang Province Date of birth(出生日期) December 30, 1930 Career(职业) a physician(医学家) Characteristics(性格) Hard-working, creative, full of talent Achievements(成就) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine (October 5, 2015) 你的启发 (至少两点) 写作要求： 1.文章必须包含所有提示内容，并可作适当发挥； 2.表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4.字数要求80词左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。 Dear David, Thanks for your letter. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Jun / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$