18.构词法及长难句的分析方法-2025年秋新九年级英语语法重难点释疑与巩固(通用版)

2025年秋新九年级英语语法重难点释疑与巩固 18.构词法及长难句的分析方法 构词法规律 类型 定义 常见方法 注意事项 派生法 通过添加前缀或后缀构成新词 前缀： 否定前缀：un-（happy→unhappy）, in-（correct→incorrect）, dis-（like→dislike） 时间 / 空间前缀：pre-（school→preschool）, post-（graduate→postgraduate）, re-（write→rewrite） 后缀： 名词后缀：-er/or（teach→teacher）, -tion/ation（educate→education）, -ment（develop→development） 形容词后缀：-ful（care→careful）, -less（care→careless）, -able（drink→drinkable） 副词后缀：-ly（quick→quickly） 1. 注意拼写变化： 以辅音 + y 结尾，去 y 加 - ily（happy→happily） 动词双写最后一个辅音字母（run→runner） 2. 否定前缀的选择：un - 多接形容词（unfair），in - 多接以字母 b/m/p 开头的词（impossible） 合成法 将两个或多个单词组合成一个新词 名词 + 名词：bookstore, football 形容词 + 名词：blackboard, greenhouse 动词 + 副词：breakfast, outcome 副词 + 动词：overcome, input 1. 合成词的词性： 通常保留最后一个词的词性（blackboard 是名词） 2. 注意连字符的使用：部分合成词需用连字符（如：two-year-old） 转化法 单词不改变形式，词性发生变化 名词→动词：book（书→预订）, hand（手→传递） 动词→名词：walk（走→散步）, look（看→表情） 形容词→动词：warm（温暖的→使温暖）, cool（凉爽的→使凉爽） 1. 读音可能变化： 名词 record（/ˈrekɔːd/）→动词 record（/rɪˈkɔːd/） 2. 语境决定词性： He gave me a book.（名词）vs. I want to book a ticket.（动词） 缩略法 通过缩写或省略构成新词 截短法：telephone→phone, photograph→photo 首字母缩略词：WTO（World Trade Organization）, DIY（Do It Yourself） 拼缀法：smoke+fog→smog, breakfast+lunch→brunch 1. 发音规则：首字母缩略词按字母读（WTO 读作 /ˈdʌbljuː tiː əʊ/）；拼缀词按新单词发音（smog 读作 /smɒɡ/） 2. 书写形式：缩略词一般大写（NASA），拼缀词小写（blog） 长难句知识要点 类型 结构特点 常见错误点 应对策略 例句 复合句 包含主句 + 从句（名词性 / 定语 / 状语从句） 1. 从句引导词误用（如宾语从句用疑问语序） 2. 时态不一致（如状语从句未用 “主将从现”） 1. 先找主句主谓宾，再划从句（用括号标注引导词） 2. 牢记宾语从句 “陈述句语序” 3. 定语从句先找先行词，再判断关系词在从句中的成分 I don’t know who he is.（宾语从句） The man who is standing there is my teacher.（定语从句） 并列句 由并列连词（and/but/or/so 等）连接两个简单句 1. 连词误用（如转折用 and） 2. 逗号误用（缺少连词） 1. 识别并列连词，判断逻辑关系（并列 / 转折 / 选择 / 因果） 2. 避免 “逗号粘连”（两句间必须有连词） She likes music, and he enjoys painting. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 含非谓语动词的句子 包含不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（done/doing）作状语 / 定语 1. 非谓语动词与逻辑主语不一致（如主动 / 被动混淆） 2. 固定搭配错误（如 forget to do/doing） 1. 确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语（通常为主句主语） 2. 牢记固定搭配（如 enjoy doing, want to do） 3. 分词作状语时，主动用 - ing，被动用 - ed To pass the exam, we must study hard.（不定式作目的状语） The boy standing by the window is my brother.（现在分词作定语） 强调句 结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分 误判强调句结构（如漏掉 that/who） 1. 去掉 It is/was 和 that/who 后，句子仍完整 2. 强调人用 who/that，强调物用 that It was yesterday that I met him. It is he who helped me. 倒装句 主谓顺序颠倒（如 here/there 开头，或否定词前置） 主谓数不一致（如 Here comes they） 1. 完全倒装：Here/There + 谓语 + 主语（主语为名词时倒装，代词不倒装） 2. 部分倒装：否定词（never/hardly）+ 助动词 + 主语 + 动词 Here comes the bus. Never have I seen such a beautiful view. 含插入语的句子 句子中插入独立成分（如 I think, in my opinion） 误将插入语当作主语或谓语 1. 用逗号隔开插入语，先忽略不看，直接分析主句结构 2. 常见插入语：I believe, as far as I know This book, I think, is very useful. The problem, in my view, is easy to solve. 第一部分 构词法规律 构词法是英语词汇拓展的核心方法，通过词形变化、组合或转化构成新词。在中考英语中，派生法（加前缀 / 后缀）、合成法、转化法是考查的三大重点类型。派生法通过添加前缀或后缀改变词义和词性，如 "happy" 加上后缀 "-ness" 变为名词 "happiness"；合成法则是将两个或多个单词组合成新单词，像 "book" 和 "store" 合成 "bookstore"；转化法指单词在不改变词形的情况下，实现词性转变，例如 "water" 从名词 "水" 转化为动词 "浇水" 。掌握这些构词法规律，不仅能帮助同学们快速理解生词含义，更能在考试中精准应对词汇类题目。 一、派生法（通过前缀 / 后缀构词） （一）前缀构词法（改变词义，不改变词性） 加在词根前，构成意义相反或相关的新词，常见前缀有否定、时间、程度等类别。 1. 否定前缀（un-/im-/dis-） un-（不 / 非）：加在形容词 / 副词前 happy → unhappy（不开心的）She felt unhappy because she failed the exam. lucky → unlucky（不幸的）It was unlucky that he missed the bus. able → unable（不能的）He is unable to solve the problem alone. im-/in-（不 / 无，后接 b/m/p 开头单词用 im-） possible → impossible（不可能的）It's impossible to finish the work in one day. patient → impatient（不耐烦的）Don't be impatient; wait for a moment. correct → incorrect（不正确的）Your answer is incorrect; try again. dis-（否定 / 相反） like → dislike（不喜欢）She dislikes eating spicy food. agree → disagree（不同意）I disagree with your opinion on this matter. appear → disappear（消失）The bird disappeared into the sky quickly. 2. 其他功能前缀（时间 / 程度 / 反义） re-（重新 / 再） write → rewrite（重写）Please rewrite this sentence to make it clearer. build → rebuild（重建）They plan to rebuild the old house next year. use → reuse（重复使用）We should reuse plastic bags to protect the environment. （二）后缀构词法（改变词性，词义与词根相关） 加在词根后，将单词转化为名词、形容词、动词等，是词性转换的核心方法。 1. 名词后缀（-er/-or/-tion） -er/-or（表执行者） teach → teacher（教师）My teacher helps me a lot with my English. act → actor（演员）The actor played the role of a hero in the movie. visit → visitor（参观者）There are many visitors in the museum today. -tion/-sion（表动作 / 状态，动词变名词） invent → invention（发明）The invention of the computer changed our lives. discuss → discussion（讨论）We had a long discussion about the plan. decide → decision（决定）It's difficult to make a decision sometimes. 2. 形容词后缀（-ful/-less/-able） -ful（充满... 的） care → careful（仔细的）Be careful when you cross the street. beauty → beautiful（美丽的）The garden is beautiful with many flowers. meaning → meaningful（有意义的）We had a meaningful experience during the volunteer work. -less（无 / 不） use → useless（无用的）This old book is useless, but I still keep it. care → careless（粗心的）He made a careless mistake in the exam. hope → hopeless（无望的）It seems hopeless to find the lost key now. 二、合成法（通过组合两个独立单词构词，词性多为名词 / 形容词） （一）合成名词（名词 + 名词 / 动词 + 名词等） 将两个名词或动词 + 名词组合，形成新的名词，词义为两者的结合。 1. 名词 + 名词 schoolbag（书包）= school + bagI bought a new schoolbag for my brother. basketball（篮球）= basket + ballThey often play basketball after school. bookshelf（书架）= book + shelfThere are many books on the bookshelf. 2. 动词 + 名词 swimming pool（游泳池）= swimming + poolWe go to the swimming pool every weekend. running shoes（跑鞋）= running + shoesI need to buy a pair of running shoes for the sports meeting. washing machine（洗衣机）= washing + machineMy mother uses the washing machine to clean clothes. （二）合成形容词（形容词 + 名词 / 副词 + 动词等） 组合后修饰名词，常用连字符连接，中考高频考点为复合形容词作定语。 1. 形容词 + 名词 + ed kind-hearted（善良的）= kind + heart + edThe kind-hearted man helped the old woman cross the road. cold-blooded（冷血的）= cold + blood + edThe cold-blooded animal prefers living in warm places. warm-hearted（热心的）= warm + heart + edOur warm-hearted neighbor often helps us with chores. 2. 数词 + 名词（+ed） three-year-old（三岁的）= three + year + oldThe three-year-old girl can sing many songs. ten-minute walk（十分钟步行路程）= ten + minute + walkIt's a ten-minute walk from my home to the school. one-eyed（独眼的）= one + eye + edThere is a story about a one-eyed giant in the book. 三、转化法（不改变词形，词性发生转变，多为名词与动词互转） （一）名词转化为动词（词义相关或引申） 名词直接用作动词，表示 “用该名词进行某种动作”。 hand（手→传递）Please hand me the dictionary on the desk. water（水→浇水）Don't forget to water the flowers every day. name（名字→命名）They named their baby after a famous scientist. （二）动词转化为名词（表动作或结果） 动词直接用作名词，常与动词搭配构成短语。 look（看→样子 / 表情）She gave me a strange look when I asked the question. walk（走→散步）Let's go for a walk after dinner to keep healthy. visit（参观→访问）We had a pleasant visit to the art museum last week. 第二部分 复杂长难句解析 复杂长难句是由多个从句、并列结构、非谓语动词或特殊句式构成的句子，是中考英语阅读理解和写作的核心难点。掌握其结构需拆解“主句核心”与“修饰 / 补充成分”的逻辑关系。 一、复合句嵌套（多个从句层层修饰） （一）宾语从句 + 定语从句 主句包含宾语从句，宾语从句中某一名词再被定语从句修饰，传递多层限定信息。 例句 I know that the boy who sits in front of me is good at math.（宾语从句中，the boy 被定语从句 who sits in front of me 修饰） She told me that the book which I borrowed yesterday was very interesting.（宾语从句中，the book 被定语从句 which I borrowed yesterday 修饰） We believe that the girl whose father is a teacher will win the competition.（宾语从句中，the girl 被定语从句 whose father is a teacher 修饰） （二）状语从句 + 定语从句 状语从句（表时间 / 条件 / 让步）与主句中的名词被定语从句修饰，丰富句子的背景和细节。 例句 When I visited the museum last week, I saw a painting that was created 300 years ago.(时间状语从句 When I visited the museum last week,定语从句 that was created 300 years ago 修饰 painting) If you meet a person who is always kind, you should learn from him.(条件状语从句 If you meet a person, 定语从句 who is always kind 修饰 person） Although she lives in a city where everything is convenient, she misses her hometown.(让步状语从句 Although she lives in a city，定语从句 where everything is convenient 修饰 city） （三）定语从句 + 状语从句 定语从句修饰先行词，同时从句内部包含状语从句，形成“修饰 + 逻辑”的双重结构。 例句 The teacher who taught us last year said that if we work hard, we will succeed.（定语从句 who taught us last year 修饰 teacher，宾语从句 that if we work hard, we will succeed包含条件状语从句 if we work hard） The book which I bought because it was cheap is actually very useful.（定语从句 which I bought 修饰 book， 定语从句内部的原因状语从句 because it was cheap） The girl whom you saw when you entered the room is my cousin.（定语从句 whom you saw 修饰 girl，定语从句内部的时间状语从句 when you entered the room） 二、并列复合句 + 复杂修饰 （一）并列连词连接多个主句，含非谓语动词 通过 and/or/but 连接两个主句，其中至少一个主句包含非谓语动词短语作定语 / 状语。 例句 Tom played basketball for two hours, got tired, and decided to have a rest.[并列主句 1：Tom played basketball for two hours， 并列主句 2：(Tom) got tired（省略主语，与前句一致），并列主句 3：(Tom) decided to have a rest（含不定式作宾语）] She wanted to buy a gift for her mother, went to the store, and chose a beautiful scarf.[ 并列主句 1：She wanted to buy a gift for her mother（含不定式作宾语）;并列主句 2：She went to the store;并列主句 3：She chose a beautiful scarf] I invited him to the party, but he refused, saying that he had too much homework.[并列主句 1：I invited him to the party;并列主句 2：he refused（表转折，用 but 连接）;伴随状语 saying that he had too much homework（含宾语从句）] （二）关联连词（both...and/either...or）连接复杂成分 通过关联连词连接两个并列的从句或短语，需注意主谓一致和成分对称。 例句： Both the teacher who is strict and the students who work hard are respected.[ both...and 连接两个并列主语：主语 1：the teacher who is strict（含定语从句）;主语 2：the students who work hard（含定语从句）] Either you should finish the work today or I will find someone else.[either...or 连接两个并列主句： 主句 1：you should finish the work today; 主句 2：I will find someone else（表选择，二者其一）] Neither the movie that we watched nor the book that he recommended is interesting.[neither...nor 连接两个并列主语：主语 1：the movie that we watched（含定语从句）;主语 2：the book that he recommended（含定语从句; 谓语：is interesting（单数，就近原则，靠近主语 2 为单数）] （三）并列句中嵌套状语从句 并列主句之间包含状语从句，表达更复杂的逻辑关系（如时间、条件、因果）。 例句 He wanted to go hiking, but it rained heavily, so he stayed at home.[并列主句 1：He wanted to go hiking;并列连词 but 表转折，连接主句 2：it rained heavily;结果状语从句 so he stayed at home（用 so 连接结果）] She can speak English fluently, and she often helps others when they have problems.[并列主句 1：She can speak English fluently;并列连词 and 表顺承，连接主句 2：she often helps other;时间状语从句 when they have problems 修饰主句 2（当别人有问题时）] You can choose to study at home, or you can go to the library if you need a quiet place.[并列主句 1：You can choose to study at home;并列连词 or 表选择，连接主句 2：you can go to the library;条件状语从句 if you need a quiet place 修饰主句 2（如果你需要安静的地方）] 三、特殊结构长难句 （一）强调句（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...） 强调句子的某一成分（主语、宾语、状语），去掉 It is/was...that 后句子仍完整。 例句： It is my mother who/that cooks breakfast for me every day.[强调主语 my mother，原句：My mother cooks breakfast for me every day.] It was in the park that we met for the first time.[强调地点状语 in the park，原句：We met for the first time in the park.] It is because he studies hard that he gets good grades.[强调原因状语从句 because he studies hard，原句：He gets good grades because he studies hard.] （二）倒装句（Only/Not until 等开头，主谓倒装） 通过倒装强调状语，使句子结构紧凑，增强语气。 例句： Only when you work hard can you achieve your dream.[Only + 时间状语从句 when you work hard 开头，主句主谓倒装（can you achieve）] Not until she came back did I finish my homework.[Not until + 时间状语从句 she came back 开头，主句主谓倒装（did I finish）] Never have I seen such a beautiful painting before.[否定词 Never 开头，主谓倒装（have I seen），原句：I have never seen such a beautiful painting before.] （三）非谓语动词 + 从句（不定式 / 分词作状语，含逻辑主语） 非谓语动词（to do/doing/done）与从句结合，表达主动 / 被动关系或时间顺序。 例句： To pass the exam, you need to study the grammar rules that are important.[不定式短语 To pass the exam 作目的状语;主句 you need to study the grammar rules↳ 定语从句 that are important 修饰 rules（重要的语法规则）] Feeling tired, she went to bed early, which made her feel better the next day.[现在分词短语 Feeling tired 作原因状语（主动关系）;主句 she went to bed early↳ 非限制性定语从句 which made her feel better 修饰前句（结果）] Built in 2000, the bridge that connects the two towns is still strong.[过去分词短语 Built in 2000 作定语（被动，表完成）;主句 the bridge is still strong↳ 定语从句 that connects the two towns 修饰 bridge（连接两个城镇的桥）] ▲长难句破解步骤 找连接词：识别 that/which/when 等从句引导词，或 and/but/or 等并列连词，划分主句与从句。 划主干成分：先找主句的主语 + 谓语 + 宾语，再分析从句在主句中的成分（宾语 / 定语 / 状语）。 逐层拆解：从外到内，先处理外层主句，再分析内层从句的修饰关系，遇到非谓语动词时判断其逻辑主语和语态。 一、单项选择 1．After living in the countryside for ten years, the ________ writer finished a book on how to live a long and healthy life. A．86-year old B．86-year-old C．86 years’old D．86-years-old 2．The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A．incorrect B．patiently C．humorous D．pancake 3．We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite(相反的) meaning. A．certain B．active C．correct D．possible 4．An adult panda _________ 100-150 kilograms. That is to say, its _________ is 100-150 kilograms. A．weight; weight B．weighs; weighs C．weight; weigh D．weighs; weight 5．Mr. Black is an ________ in the army, not an ________ in the government. You can not easily find him in his________. A．official; officer; office B．officer; office; official C．official; official; official D．officer; official; office 6．We have to learn ________ technology from other countries. A．advance B．advancing C．advantage D．advanced 7．The child looked at me ________. A．stranger B．strangely C．strange D．strangeness 8．Canada is mainly an ________ country. A．English-speaking B．speak-English C．spoken-English D．English-spoken 9．—I’d like to help kids with their homework. —You ________ volunteer in an ________ study program. A．could, after-school B．could; after school C．must; after school D．must; after-school 10．They want to build a _________ bridge over the river. A．2-kilometers-long B．2 kilometers-long C．2-kilometer-long D．2-kilometer long 11．I want to ________ another two ________. A．book; books B．books; book C．book; book D．books; books 12．It is five years since we began to enjoy a ________ spring holiday each year. A．ten­-day B．ten day C．ten day's D．ten days 13．There are many models of places of ________ from all over the world in the World Park. A．interest B．interesting C．interested D．more interesting 14．— What ______ you, dad? —I was ______ that the dog could do so many useful things for the disabled. A．surprised; surprised B．surprising; surprising C．surprised; surprising D．surprising; surprise 15．Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be________ for their children. A．responsible B．responsibility C．responsibly D．response 16．My idol was Kobe Bryant. He was good at playing basketball and he was a member of ______. A．CCTV B．BBC C．NBA D．UFO 17．—Is the library _______  now? —No, it usually _______ at 9 a.m. A．opens; opens B．open; open C．open; opens D．opens; open 18．This book is very boring. I often want to _________ whenever trying to read. A．sleeps B．sleeping C．be sleepy D．slept 19．—What are you going to do after the exam? —We'll have a________ holiday. A．three week's B．three-weeks C．three weeks D．three-week 20．To my ________, the twin sisters went to Peking University at the same time last year. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprises 21．---I want to be ______.What should I do? ---First, you must keep ______every day. A．health;happy B．unhealthy;happily C．healthy;happy D．health;happily 22．- We’re lost in the mountains. It’s ______ for us to find the way. - Don’t give up. Let’s keep trying. A．hopefully B．hope C．hopeless D．hopeful 23．Jim is ill in hospital. Now he is _______ in bed and talking to his doctor. A．lie B．lies C．lying D．lay 24．She spoke________ to the frightened child. A．gently B．gentle C．gentleman D．gentlely 25．Half- time is a ______ for players______. A．ten minutes period ; to rest B．ten-minutes period ; rest C．ten-minute period ; to rest D．ten-minute-period ; to rest 26．Andrew's honesty and wisdom will surely make him a ________ businessman. A．succeed B．success C．successful D．successfully 27．On snowy days, a driver must drive as ________ as possible. A．care B．careful C．careless D．carefully 28．Let's discuss whether it is ________ to talk on the phone while driving. A．safe B．save C．safety D．safely 29．The old lady has been __________ for two weeks and her __________ made her son lose himself. A．died；dead B．died；death C．dead；death D．dead；die 30．The shop _________with old people on weekends，but children _________in the interesting places. A．crowds；crowded B．crowded；crowds C．crowded；crowd D．is crowded；crowd 31．The movie was not a bit interesting. I almost fell . A．sleep B．asleep C．sleepy D．sleeping 32．Mary ____________ the hat very much, because it's ____________ a cat. A．like;like B．like; likes C．likes;like D．likes; likes 33．To tell the ________, I don't agree with you. A．true B．truly C．truth D．truely 34．We are ___________ to hear that we will have a three-day off. A．please B．pleased C．pleasure D．pleasant 35．—There' s a lot of  _____on the road. —Yes. It was _____last night. A．snow; snow B．snow; snowy C．snowy; snowy D．snowy; snow 36．He was ________ boy. But _______ he had a kind grandmother. A．an unlucky; luckily B．a lucky; luckily C．an unlucky; unluckily D．a lucky, unluckily 37．These vegetables are good for the healthy ______ of children. A．develop B．developing C．development D．developed 38．Doing housework helps to develop our ______ . A．independence B．independent C．dependence D．dependent 39．I’m glad to get your ________ to spend vacation with you . A．invite B．invitation C．invites D．inviting 40．He got up ___________ yesterday morning. A．lately B．late C．latest D．latter 41．He is a good , so he is good at . A．runner； run B．run； runner C．run； running D．runner； running 42．The man can make a __________ a horse. It __________ amazing. A．sound like; sounds B．sound like; listens C．sound; sounds like D．sound; sounds 43．Kangkang won the first place in the ______ in the school sports meet last week. A．boy’s 100-meter race B．boys’ 100-meter race C．boy’s 100-meters race D．boys’ 100-meters race 44． His failure made his father think him a ___________ boy. A．disappoint B．disappointed C．disappointing D．disappointment 45．The man is one of the best ______. He is _____ tasty dishes at the moment. A．cooks, cooks B．cooks, cooking C．cookers, cooking D．cooking, cooking 二、单词拼写 46．The weather here is , with sudden storms and temperature drops. (change) 47．Tony’s (happy) because his Chinese is not good. 48．This math problem is very easy. Everyone can solve it (easy). 49．Both of my brothers are (write). Their new books came out last month. 50．Gina likes music and she wants to be a (sing). 51．There will be nothing (possible) if you try your best to do it. 52．Of the four seasons in Chongqing, spring is the most (usual) one, because people are wearing all kinds of clothes. For example, you can see sweaters and T-shirt s at the same time. 53．It is (polite) to speak when you are eating things. 54．It is (mean) for us to be a volunteer. 55．They are having a (discuss) about the party. 56．These (listen) were very excited when they heard the good news. 57． (recent), there have been more tourists in different places of interest in Wuxi. 58．His mother is a nurse and his father is a (manage). 59．—Air (pollute) is a serious problem for people in modern society. —It’s necessary for us to drive less. 60．She thinks a good friend must know her (true). 61．Most (west) people like eating fast food. 62．How those people deeply influenced by wars wish to live (peace)! 63．My father keeps diaries to remember his (day) life. 64．It was (sun) yesterday, but there is much rain today. 65．You can find those (climb) names on the home page of our club. 66．A lot of (art) perform plays, concerts and operas there. 67．I know he is (aware) of his mistake because he still acts in the same old way. 68．No one was willing to help the old man and he felt (help). 69．When you make a (decide), you must be careful. 70．Your (suggest) is of great value and is really worth taking. Thank you so much! 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年秋新九年级英语语法重难点释疑与巩固 18.构词法及长难句的分析方法 构词法规律 类型 定义 常见方法 注意事项 派生法 通过添加前缀或后缀构成新词 前缀： 否定前缀：un-（happy→unhappy）, in-（correct→incorrect）, dis-（like→dislike） 时间 / 空间前缀：pre-（school→preschool）, post-（graduate→postgraduate）, re-（write→rewrite） 后缀： 名词后缀：-er/or（teach→teacher）, -tion/ation（educate→education）, -ment（develop→development） 形容词后缀：-ful（care→careful）, -less（care→careless）, -able（drink→drinkable） 副词后缀：-ly（quick→quickly） 1. 注意拼写变化： 以辅音 + y 结尾，去 y 加 - ily（happy→happily） 动词双写最后一个辅音字母（run→runner） 2. 否定前缀的选择：un - 多接形容词（unfair），in - 多接以字母 b/m/p 开头的词（impossible） 合成法 将两个或多个单词组合成一个新词 名词 + 名词：bookstore, football 形容词 + 名词：blackboard, greenhouse 动词 + 副词：breakfast, outcome 副词 + 动词：overcome, input 1. 合成词的词性： 通常保留最后一个词的词性（blackboard 是名词） 2. 注意连字符的使用：部分合成词需用连字符（如：two-year-old） 转化法 单词不改变形式，词性发生变化 名词→动词：book（书→预订）, hand（手→传递） 动词→名词：walk（走→散步）, look（看→表情） 形容词→动词：warm（温暖的→使温暖）, cool（凉爽的→使凉爽） 1. 读音可能变化： 名词 record（/ˈrekɔːd/）→动词 record（/rɪˈkɔːd/） 2. 语境决定词性： He gave me a book.（名词）vs. I want to book a ticket.（动词） 缩略法 通过缩写或省略构成新词 截短法：telephone→phone, photograph→photo 首字母缩略词：WTO（World Trade Organization）, DIY（Do It Yourself） 拼缀法：smoke+fog→smog, breakfast+lunch→brunch 1. 发音规则：首字母缩略词按字母读（WTO 读作 /ˈdʌbljuː tiː əʊ/）；拼缀词按新单词发音（smog 读作 /smɒɡ/） 2. 书写形式：缩略词一般大写（NASA），拼缀词小写（blog） 长难句知识要点 类型 结构特点 常见错误点 应对策略 例句 复合句 包含主句 + 从句（名词性 / 定语 / 状语从句） 1. 从句引导词误用（如宾语从句用疑问语序） 2. 时态不一致（如状语从句未用 “主将从现”） 1. 先找主句主谓宾，再划从句（用括号标注引导词） 2. 牢记宾语从句 “陈述句语序” 3. 定语从句先找先行词，再判断关系词在从句中的成分 I don’t know who he is.（宾语从句） The man who is standing there is my teacher.（定语从句） 并列句 由并列连词（and/but/or/so 等）连接两个简单句 1. 连词误用（如转折用 and） 2. 逗号误用（缺少连词） 1. 识别并列连词，判断逻辑关系（并列 / 转折 / 选择 / 因果） 2. 避免 “逗号粘连”（两句间必须有连词） She likes music, and he enjoys painting. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 含非谓语动词的句子 包含不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（done/doing）作状语 / 定语 1. 非谓语动词与逻辑主语不一致（如主动 / 被动混淆） 2. 固定搭配错误（如 forget to do/doing） 1. 确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语（通常为主句主语） 2. 牢记固定搭配（如 enjoy doing, want to do） 3. 分词作状语时，主动用 - ing，被动用 - ed To pass the exam, we must study hard.（不定式作目的状语） The boy standing by the window is my brother.（现在分词作定语） 强调句 结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分 误判强调句结构（如漏掉 that/who） 1. 去掉 It is/was 和 that/who 后，句子仍完整 2. 强调人用 who/that，强调物用 that It was yesterday that I met him. It is he who helped me. 倒装句 主谓顺序颠倒（如 here/there 开头，或否定词前置） 主谓数不一致（如 Here comes they） 1. 完全倒装：Here/There + 谓语 + 主语（主语为名词时倒装，代词不倒装） 2. 部分倒装：否定词（never/hardly）+ 助动词 + 主语 + 动词 Here comes the bus. Never have I seen such a beautiful view. 含插入语的句子 句子中插入独立成分（如 I think, in my opinion） 误将插入语当作主语或谓语 1. 用逗号隔开插入语，先忽略不看，直接分析主句结构 2. 常见插入语：I believe, as far as I know This book, I think, is very useful. The problem, in my view, is easy to solve. 第一部分 构词法规律 构词法是英语词汇拓展的核心方法，通过词形变化、组合或转化构成新词。在中考英语中，派生法（加前缀 / 后缀）、合成法、转化法是考查的三大重点类型。派生法通过添加前缀或后缀改变词义和词性，如 "happy" 加上后缀 "-ness" 变为名词 "happiness"；合成法则是将两个或多个单词组合成新单词，像 "book" 和 "store" 合成 "bookstore"；转化法指单词在不改变词形的情况下，实现词性转变，例如 "water" 从名词 "水" 转化为动词 "浇水" 。掌握这些构词法规律，不仅能帮助同学们快速理解生词含义，更能在考试中精准应对词汇类题目。 一、派生法（通过前缀 / 后缀构词） （一）前缀构词法（改变词义，不改变词性） 加在词根前，构成意义相反或相关的新词，常见前缀有否定、时间、程度等类别。 1. 否定前缀（un-/im-/dis-） un-（不 / 非）：加在形容词 / 副词前 happy → unhappy（不开心的）She felt unhappy because she failed the exam. lucky → unlucky（不幸的）It was unlucky that he missed the bus. able → unable（不能的）He is unable to solve the problem alone. im-/in-（不 / 无，后接 b/m/p 开头单词用 im-） possible → impossible（不可能的）It's impossible to finish the work in one day. patient → impatient（不耐烦的）Don't be impatient; wait for a moment. correct → incorrect（不正确的）Your answer is incorrect; try again. dis-（否定 / 相反） like → dislike（不喜欢）She dislikes eating spicy food. agree → disagree（不同意）I disagree with your opinion on this matter. appear → disappear（消失）The bird disappeared into the sky quickly. 2. 其他功能前缀（时间 / 程度 / 反义） re-（重新 / 再） write → rewrite（重写）Please rewrite this sentence to make it clearer. build → rebuild（重建）They plan to rebuild the old house next year. use → reuse（重复使用）We should reuse plastic bags to protect the environment. （二）后缀构词法（改变词性，词义与词根相关） 加在词根后，将单词转化为名词、形容词、动词等，是词性转换的核心方法。 1. 名词后缀（-er/-or/-tion） -er/-or（表执行者） teach → teacher（教师）My teacher helps me a lot with my English. act → actor（演员）The actor played the role of a hero in the movie. visit → visitor（参观者）There are many visitors in the museum today. -tion/-sion（表动作 / 状态，动词变名词） invent → invention（发明）The invention of the computer changed our lives. discuss → discussion（讨论）We had a long discussion about the plan. decide → decision（决定）It's difficult to make a decision sometimes. 2. 形容词后缀（-ful/-less/-able） -ful（充满... 的） care → careful（仔细的）Be careful when you cross the street. beauty → beautiful（美丽的）The garden is beautiful with many flowers. meaning → meaningful（有意义的）We had a meaningful experience during the volunteer work. -less（无 / 不） use → useless（无用的）This old book is useless, but I still keep it. care → careless（粗心的）He made a careless mistake in the exam. hope → hopeless（无望的）It seems hopeless to find the lost key now. 二、合成法（通过组合两个独立单词构词，词性多为名词 / 形容词） （一）合成名词（名词 + 名词 / 动词 + 名词等） 将两个名词或动词 + 名词组合，形成新的名词，词义为两者的结合。 1. 名词 + 名词 schoolbag（书包）= school + bagI bought a new schoolbag for my brother. basketball（篮球）= basket + ballThey often play basketball after school. bookshelf（书架）= book + shelfThere are many books on the bookshelf. 2. 动词 + 名词 swimming pool（游泳池）= swimming + poolWe go to the swimming pool every weekend. running shoes（跑鞋）= running + shoesI need to buy a pair of running shoes for the sports meeting. washing machine（洗衣机）= washing + machineMy mother uses the washing machine to clean clothes. （二）合成形容词（形容词 + 名词 / 副词 + 动词等） 组合后修饰名词，常用连字符连接，中考高频考点为复合形容词作定语。 1. 形容词 + 名词 + ed kind-hearted（善良的）= kind + heart + edThe kind-hearted man helped the old woman cross the road. cold-blooded（冷血的）= cold + blood + edThe cold-blooded animal prefers living in warm places. warm-hearted（热心的）= warm + heart + edOur warm-hearted neighbor often helps us with chores. 2. 数词 + 名词（+ed） three-year-old（三岁的）= three + year + oldThe three-year-old girl can sing many songs. ten-minute walk（十分钟步行路程）= ten + minute + walkIt's a ten-minute walk from my home to the school. one-eyed（独眼的）= one + eye + edThere is a story about a one-eyed giant in the book. 三、转化法（不改变词形，词性发生转变，多为名词与动词互转） （一）名词转化为动词（词义相关或引申） 名词直接用作动词，表示 “用该名词进行某种动作”。 hand（手→传递）Please hand me the dictionary on the desk. water（水→浇水）Don't forget to water the flowers every day. name（名字→命名）They named their baby after a famous scientist. （二）动词转化为名词（表动作或结果） 动词直接用作名词，常与动词搭配构成短语。 look（看→样子 / 表情）She gave me a strange look when I asked the question. walk（走→散步）Let's go for a walk after dinner to keep healthy. visit（参观→访问）We had a pleasant visit to the art museum last week. 第二部分 复杂长难句解析 复杂长难句是由多个从句、并列结构、非谓语动词或特殊句式构成的句子，是中考英语阅读理解和写作的核心难点。掌握其结构需拆解“主句核心”与“修饰 / 补充成分”的逻辑关系。 一、复合句嵌套（多个从句层层修饰） （一）宾语从句 + 定语从句 主句包含宾语从句，宾语从句中某一名词再被定语从句修饰，传递多层限定信息。 例句 I know that the boy who sits in front of me is good at math.（宾语从句中，the boy 被定语从句 who sits in front of me 修饰） She told me that the book which I borrowed yesterday was very interesting.（宾语从句中，the book 被定语从句 which I borrowed yesterday 修饰） We believe that the girl whose father is a teacher will win the competition.（宾语从句中，the girl 被定语从句 whose father is a teacher 修饰） （二）状语从句 + 定语从句 状语从句（表时间 / 条件 / 让步）与主句中的名词被定语从句修饰，丰富句子的背景和细节。 例句 When I visited the museum last week, I saw a painting that was created 300 years ago.(时间状语从句 When I visited the museum last week,定语从句 that was created 300 years ago 修饰 painting) If you meet a person who is always kind, you should learn from him.(条件状语从句 If you meet a person, 定语从句 who is always kind 修饰 person） Although she lives in a city where everything is convenient, she misses her hometown.(让步状语从句 Although she lives in a city，定语从句 where everything is convenient 修饰 city） （三）定语从句 + 状语从句 定语从句修饰先行词，同时从句内部包含状语从句，形成“修饰 + 逻辑”的双重结构。 例句 The teacher who taught us last year said that if we work hard, we will succeed.（定语从句 who taught us last year 修饰 teacher，宾语从句 that if we work hard, we will succeed包含条件状语从句 if we work hard） The book which I bought because it was cheap is actually very useful.（定语从句 which I bought 修饰 book， 定语从句内部的原因状语从句 because it was cheap） The girl whom you saw when you entered the room is my cousin.（定语从句 whom you saw 修饰 girl，定语从句内部的时间状语从句 when you entered the room） 二、并列复合句 + 复杂修饰 （一）并列连词连接多个主句，含非谓语动词 通过 and/or/but 连接两个主句，其中至少一个主句包含非谓语动词短语作定语 / 状语。 例句 Tom played basketball for two hours, got tired, and decided to have a rest.[并列主句 1：Tom played basketball for two hours， 并列主句 2：(Tom) got tired（省略主语，与前句一致），并列主句 3：(Tom) decided to have a rest（含不定式作宾语）] She wanted to buy a gift for her mother, went to the store, and chose a beautiful scarf.[ 并列主句 1：She wanted to buy a gift for her mother（含不定式作宾语）;并列主句 2：She went to the store;并列主句 3：She chose a beautiful scarf] I invited him to the party, but he refused, saying that he had too much homework.[并列主句 1：I invited him to the party;并列主句 2：he refused（表转折，用 but 连接）;伴随状语 saying that he had too much homework（含宾语从句）] （二）关联连词（both...and/either...or）连接复杂成分 通过关联连词连接两个并列的从句或短语，需注意主谓一致和成分对称。 例句： Both the teacher who is strict and the students who work hard are respected.[ both...and 连接两个并列主语：主语 1：the teacher who is strict（含定语从句）;主语 2：the students who work hard（含定语从句）] Either you should finish the work today or I will find someone else.[either...or 连接两个并列主句： 主句 1：you should finish the work today; 主句 2：I will find someone else（表选择，二者其一）] Neither the movie that we watched nor the book that he recommended is interesting.[neither...nor 连接两个并列主语：主语 1：the movie that we watched（含定语从句）;主语 2：the book that he recommended（含定语从句; 谓语：is interesting（单数，就近原则，靠近主语 2 为单数）] （三）并列句中嵌套状语从句 并列主句之间包含状语从句，表达更复杂的逻辑关系（如时间、条件、因果）。 例句 He wanted to go hiking, but it rained heavily, so he stayed at home.[并列主句 1：He wanted to go hiking;并列连词 but 表转折，连接主句 2：it rained heavily;结果状语从句 so he stayed at home（用 so 连接结果）] She can speak English fluently, and she often helps others when they have problems.[并列主句 1：She can speak English fluently;并列连词 and 表顺承，连接主句 2：she often helps other;时间状语从句 when they have problems 修饰主句 2（当别人有问题时）] You can choose to study at home, or you can go to the library if you need a quiet place.[并列主句 1：You can choose to study at home;并列连词 or 表选择，连接主句 2：you can go to the library;条件状语从句 if you need a quiet place 修饰主句 2（如果你需要安静的地方）] 三、特殊结构长难句 （一）强调句（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...） 强调句子的某一成分（主语、宾语、状语），去掉 It is/was...that 后句子仍完整。 例句： It is my mother who/that cooks breakfast for me every day.[强调主语 my mother，原句：My mother cooks breakfast for me every day.] It was in the park that we met for the first time.[强调地点状语 in the park，原句：We met for the first time in the park.] It is because he studies hard that he gets good grades.[强调原因状语从句 because he studies hard，原句：He gets good grades because he studies hard.] （二）倒装句（Only/Not until 等开头，主谓倒装） 通过倒装强调状语，使句子结构紧凑，增强语气。 例句： Only when you work hard can you achieve your dream.[Only + 时间状语从句 when you work hard 开头，主句主谓倒装（can you achieve）] Not until she came back did I finish my homework.[Not until + 时间状语从句 she came back 开头，主句主谓倒装（did I finish）] Never have I seen such a beautiful painting before.[否定词 Never 开头，主谓倒装（have I seen），原句：I have never seen such a beautiful painting before.] （三）非谓语动词 + 从句（不定式 / 分词作状语，含逻辑主语） 非谓语动词（to do/doing/done）与从句结合，表达主动 / 被动关系或时间顺序。 例句： To pass the exam, you need to study the grammar rules that are important.[不定式短语 To pass the exam 作目的状语;主句 you need to study the grammar rules↳ 定语从句 that are important 修饰 rules（重要的语法规则）] Feeling tired, she went to bed early, which made her feel better the next day.[现在分词短语 Feeling tired 作原因状语（主动关系）;主句 she went to bed early↳ 非限制性定语从句 which made her feel better 修饰前句（结果）] Built in 2000, the bridge that connects the two towns is still strong.[过去分词短语 Built in 2000 作定语（被动，表完成）;主句 the bridge is still strong↳ 定语从句 that connects the two towns 修饰 bridge（连接两个城镇的桥）] ▲长难句破解步骤 找连接词：识别 that/which/when 等从句引导词，或 and/but/or 等并列连词，划分主句与从句。 划主干成分：先找主句的主语 + 谓语 + 宾语，再分析从句在主句中的成分（宾语 / 定语 / 状语）。 逐层拆解：从外到内，先处理外层主句，再分析内层从句的修饰关系，遇到非谓语动词时判断其逻辑主语和语态。 一、单项选择 1．After living in the countryside for ten years, the ________ writer finished a book on how to live a long and healthy life. A．86-year old B．86-year-old C．86 years’old D．86-years-old 2．The word “________” is formed the same way as “impatient”. A．incorrect B．patiently C．humorous D．pancake 3．We can put the prefix “un-” before ________ to give it the opposite(相反的) meaning. A．certain B．active C．correct D．possible 4．An adult panda _________ 100-150 kilograms. That is to say, its _________ is 100-150 kilograms. A．weight; weight B．weighs; weighs C．weight; weigh D．weighs; weight 5．Mr. Black is an ________ in the army, not an ________ in the government. You can not easily find him in his________. A．official; officer; office B．officer; office; official C．official; official; official D．officer; official; office 6．We have to learn ________ technology from other countries. A．advance B．advancing C．advantage D．advanced 7．The child looked at me ________. A．stranger B．strangely C．strange D．strangeness 8．Canada is mainly an ________ country. A．English-speaking B．speak-English C．spoken-English D．English-spoken 9．—I’d like to help kids with their homework. —You ________ volunteer in an ________ study program. A．could, after-school B．could; after school C．must; after school D．must; after-school 10．They want to build a _________ bridge over the river. A．2-kilometers-long B．2 kilometers-long C．2-kilometer-long D．2-kilometer long 11．I want to ________ another two ________. A．book; books B．books; book C．book; book D．books; books 12．It is five years since we began to enjoy a ________ spring holiday each year. A．ten­-day B．ten day C．ten day's D．ten days 13．There are many models of places of ________ from all over the world in the World Park. A．interest B．interesting C．interested D．more interesting 14．— What ______ you, dad? —I was ______ that the dog could do so many useful things for the disabled. A．surprised; surprised B．surprising; surprising C．surprised; surprising D．surprising; surprise 15．Even where parents no longer live together, they each continue to be________ for their children. A．responsible B．responsibility C．responsibly D．response 16．My idol was Kobe Bryant. He was good at playing basketball and he was a member of ______. A．CCTV B．BBC C．NBA D．UFO 17．—Is the library _______  now? —No, it usually _______ at 9 a.m. A．opens; opens B．open; open C．open; opens D．opens; open 18．This book is very boring. I often want to _________ whenever trying to read. A．sleeps B．sleeping C．be sleepy D．slept 19．—What are you going to do after the exam? —We'll have a________ holiday. A．three week's B．three-weeks C．three weeks D．three-week 20．To my ________, the twin sisters went to Peking University at the same time last year. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprises 21．---I want to be ______.What should I do? ---First, you must keep ______every day. A．health;happy B．unhealthy;happily C．healthy;happy D．health;happily 22．- We’re lost in the mountains. It’s ______ for us to find the way. - Don’t give up. Let’s keep trying. A．hopefully B．hope C．hopeless D．hopeful 23．Jim is ill in hospital. Now he is _______ in bed and talking to his doctor. A．lie B．lies C．lying D．lay 24．She spoke________ to the frightened child. A．gently B．gentle C．gentleman D．gentlely 25．Half- time is a ______ for players______. A．ten minutes period ; to rest B．ten-minutes period ; rest C．ten-minute period ; to rest D．ten-minute-period ; to rest 26．Andrew's honesty and wisdom will surely make him a ________ businessman. A．succeed B．success C．successful D．successfully 27．On snowy days, a driver must drive as ________ as possible. A．care B．careful C．careless D．carefully 28．Let's discuss whether it is ________ to talk on the phone while driving. A．safe B．save C．safety D．safely 29．The old lady has been __________ for two weeks and her __________ made her son lose himself. A．died；dead B．died；death C．dead；death D．dead；die 30．The shop _________with old people on weekends，but children _________in the interesting places. A．crowds；crowded B．crowded；crowds C．crowded；crowd D．is crowded；crowd 31．The movie was not a bit interesting. I almost fell . A．sleep B．asleep C．sleepy D．sleeping 32．Mary ____________ the hat very much, because it's ____________ a cat. A．like;like B．like; likes C．likes;like D．likes; likes 33．To tell the ________, I don't agree with you. A．true B．truly C．truth D．truely 34．We are ___________ to hear that we will have a three-day off. A．please B．pleased C．pleasure D．pleasant 35．—There' s a lot of  _____on the road. —Yes. It was _____last night. A．snow; snow B．snow; snowy C．snowy; snowy D．snowy; snow 36．He was ________ boy. But _______ he had a kind grandmother. A．an unlucky; luckily B．a lucky; luckily C．an unlucky; unluckily D．a lucky, unluckily 37．These vegetables are good for the healthy ______ of children. A．develop B．developing C．development D．developed 38．Doing housework helps to develop our ______ . A．independence B．independent C．dependence D．dependent 39．I’m glad to get your ________ to spend vacation with you . A．invite B．invitation C．invites D．inviting 40．He got up ___________ yesterday morning. A．lately B．late C．latest D．latter 41．He is a good , so he is good at . A．runner； run B．run； runner C．run； running D．runner； running 42．The man can make a __________ a horse. It __________ amazing. A．sound like; sounds B．sound like; listens C．sound; sounds like D．sound; sounds 43．Kangkang won the first place in the ______ in the school sports meet last week. A．boy’s 100-meter race B．boys’ 100-meter race C．boy’s 100-meters race D．boys’ 100-meters race 44． His failure made his father think him a ___________ boy. A．disappoint B．disappointed C．disappointing D．disappointment 45．The man is one of the best ______. He is _____ tasty dishes at the moment. A．cooks, cooks B．cooks, cooking C．cookers, cooking D．cooking, cooking 二、单词拼写 46．The weather here is , with sudden storms and temperature drops. (change) 47．Tony’s (happy) because his Chinese is not good. 48．This math problem is very easy. Everyone can solve it (easy). 49．Both of my brothers are (write). Their new books came out last month. 50．Gina likes music and she wants to be a (sing). 51．There will be nothing (possible) if you try your best to do it. 52．Of the four seasons in Chongqing, spring is the most (usual) one, because people are wearing all kinds of clothes. For example, you can see sweaters and T-shirt s at the same time. 53．It is (polite) to speak when you are eating things. 54．It is (mean) for us to be a volunteer. 55．They are having a (discuss) about the party. 56．These (listen) were very excited when they heard the good news. 57． (recent), there have been more tourists in different places of interest in Wuxi. 58．His mother is a nurse and his father is a (manage). 59．—Air (pollute) is a serious problem for people in modern society. —It’s necessary for us to drive less. 60．She thinks a good friend must know her (true). 61．Most (west) people like eating fast food. 62．How those people deeply influenced by wars wish to live (peace)! 63．My father keeps diaries to remember his (day) life. 64．It was (sun) yesterday, but there is much rain today. 65．You can find those (climb) names on the home page of our club. 66．A lot of (art) perform plays, concerts and operas there. 67．I know he is (aware) of his mistake because he still acts in the same old way. 68．No one was willing to help the old man and he felt (help). 69．When you make a (decide), you must be careful. 70．Your (suggest) is of great value and is really worth taking. Thank you so much! 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】句意：在乡下住了十年之后，这位八十六岁的作家完成了一本关于如何长寿和健康生活的书。 考查合成形容词。根据“the… writer”可知，空处需要填入意为“八十六岁的”形容词，作定语，合成形容词各词之间需要使用连字符，且名词用单数。故选B。 2．A 【解析】句意：“incorrect”一词的构成与“impatient”相同。 考查构词方式。incorrect不正确的，in为前缀，表否定；patiently耐心地，为副词，是由形容词patient词尾加ly构成；humorous幽默的，由名词humor加ous构成；pancake煎饼，由pan+cake构成。impatient中im是前缀，表否定，与incorrect构成方式相同。故选A。 3．A 【解析】句意：我们可以把前缀“un-”放在certain之前，赋予它相反的含义。 考查形容词的前缀。certain的反义词是uncertain；active的反义词是inactive；correct的反义词是incorrect；possible的反义词是impossible。结合选项可知，选项A符合。故选A。 4．D 【解析】句意：一只成年大熊猫重达100-150公斤。也就是说，它的重量是100-150公斤。 考查派生词。weigh“称重，重多少”，为动词；weight“重量”，为名词。根据“An adult panda...100-150 kilograms.”可知，第一个空填动词，An adult panda为主语，动词用三单，故第一个空填weighs；根据“its...is 100-150 kilograms可知，第二个空填名词，故填weight。故选D。 5．D 【解析】句意：布莱克先生是军队的军官，不是军委的官员。你在他的办公室里很难找到他。 考查词汇辨析，official官员，公务员；officer军官；office办公室。第一空根据“in the army”，可知应该是军官；第二空根据“in the government.”可知应该是公务员；第三空根据“in his…”可知是办公室，故选D。 6．D 【解析】句意：我们必须向其他国家学习先进技术。 考查形容词的用法。advance发展，前进，是动词；advancing前进，是现在分词；advantage有利条件，是名词；advanced先进的，高级的，是形容词。technology是名词，科技，空前用形容词修饰名词，故选D。 7．B 【解析】句意：那孩子奇怪地看着我。 考查词义辨析。stranger陌生人；strangely奇怪地；strange奇怪的；strangeness陌生；奇怪。空前面的 looked at 是动词短语，此处需用副词修饰。故选B。 8．A 【解析】句意：加拿大主要是一个说英语的国家。 考查构词法。English-speaking说英语的；speak English说英语，不用连字符连接；spoken English口语，不用连字符连接。English-spoken英语口语。根据空后的“country”是名词可知，前要用形容词修饰；an English-speaking country表示“一个说英语的国家”，固定表达。故选A。 9．A 【解析】句意：——我想帮助孩子们做家庭作业。——你可以在课外学习项目中做志愿者。 考查情态动词和形容词辨析。could可以；after-school课外的，合成形容词；after school放学后/在课外，是介词短语；must一定，强调必须。结合语境可知，后者建议对方做志愿者，是委婉说法，用could符合语境；program是名词，需用形容词修饰，故选A。 10．C 【解析】句意：他们想在这条河上建一座2公里长的桥。 考查复合形容词。数词、名词和形容词构成复合形容词，名词必须是原形，词与词之间加连字符“-”。结合选项，可知2-kilometer-long符合语法规范，故选C。 11．A 【解析】句意：我还想要预定两本书。 考查构词法。book表示预定，是动词；表示书，是名词。want to do sth想要做某事，第一空用动词book。数词two修饰复数名词，用books，故选A。 12．A 【解析】句意：我们开始享受每年十天的春假已经五年了。 考查复合形容词。此空修饰名词“spring holiday”，要用以连字符连接起来的单数名词作定语，故选A。 13．A 【解析】句意：世界公园里有许多来自世界各地的名胜古迹的模型。 考查名词短语。interest名词，兴趣；interesting形容词，有趣的；interested形容词，感兴趣的；more interesting形容词比较级，更有趣的。此处构成“places of interest”短语，意为“名胜古迹”，故选A。 14．A 【解析】句意：——什么让你惊讶，爸爸？——我很惊讶这只狗能为残疾人做这么多有用的事情。 本题考查形容词和动词。surprise当动词讲时，表示使……惊讶；当名词讲时，表示惊讶；surprising是形容词，表示令人惊讶的。surprised是形容词，表示感到惊讶的。第一空作谓语，用动词，排除BD两项。第二空作为系动词was的表语，用形容词，表示我感到惊讶，用surprised。故选A。 15．A 【解析】句意：甚至父母不在一起居住的情况下，他们也能继续为他们的孩子负责任。 考查词性及词义。responsible负责任的，是形容词；responsibility责任，是名词；responsibly负责任地，是副词；response回应，是名词。根据题意，be动词之后，直接加形容词构成短语be responsible for“为……负责”。故选A。 16．C 【解析】句意：我的偶像是科比·布莱恩特。他擅长打篮球，他曾是美职篮的一员。 考查缩写词辨析。CCTV中央电视台；BBC英国广播公司；NBA美职篮；UFO不明飞行物。根据“He was good at playing basketball”及常识可知，科比·布莱恩特曾是美职篮的一员。故选C。 17．C 【解析】句意：——现在图书馆开门了吗？——没有，它通常九点钟开门。 考查open作为动词和形容词的用法。open开，开着的；opens是动词open的第三人称单数形式；根据第一句中is是be动词，所以此处需要形容词，open可以作为形容词，表示“开着的”，所以第一空用open；第二句中主语it是第三人称单数形式，所以后接动词第三人称单数形式，所以第二空使用opens。故选C。 18．C 【解析】句意：这本书很无聊。每当我想看书的时候，我总是想睡觉。 考查动词基本形式。sleeps睡觉，第三人称单数；sleeping睡觉，现在分词； be sleepy睡着的，slept睡觉，过去式。短语want to do sth.想做某事；want to be sleepy想要睡觉的。根据题意，故选C。 19．D 【解析】句意：——考试之后你打算做什么？——我们将有一个三周的假期。 考查名词所有格。three week’s形式错误，应该是three weeks’；three-weeks形式错误，week不应用复数；three weeks三周，表示一段时间；three-week三周的，形容词。空后holiday是名词，该空应用形容词形式。故选D。 20．A 【解析】句意：令我惊讶的是，这对双胞胎姐妹去年同时上了北京大学。 考查名词。surprise：惊奇，惊讶，不可数名词；作动词讲，意思是“使惊奇，使诧”；surprised：感到惊奇（惊讶）的，形容词，一般修饰人，或是surprise的过去时；surprising：令人吃惊的，出人意料的，一般修饰物，或是surprise的现在分词；surprises是surprise的三单形式。短语to one’s surprise：令人惊讶的是；结合形容词性物主代词my，可知填名词，故选A。 21．C 【解析】句意：—我想要健康。我应该做什么？—首先，你必须每天保持快乐。 考查形容词。health健康，名词；healthy健康的，形容词；unhealthy不健康的，形容词；happy快乐的，形容词；happily快乐地，副词。第一个空，根据系动词be可知，用形容词构成系表结构，故排除A和D；第二个空，keep+形容词"保持某种状态"固定搭配，用形容词happy，故排除B，故选C。 22．C 【解析】句意：——我们在山里迷路了。对我们来说，找到路是没有希望的。——不要放弃。让我们一直努力。 本题考查形容词和句型。hopefully有希望地，是副词；hope希望，是动词和名词；hopeless没有希望的，是形容词；hopeful充满希望的，是形容词。根据句型It’s+形容词+for sb to do sth“对某人来说，做某事是……”，此处用形容词，排除AB两项。结合句意，在山里迷路了，因此没有希望找到出路。故选C。 23．C 【解析】句意：吉姆生病住院了。现在他躺在床上跟医生谈话。 考查动词的现在进行时态。根据副词now可知该句是现在进行时。现在进行时由“be动词+现在分词”构成，现在分词因为lie的进行式是lying, 故选C。 24．A 【解析】句意：她温柔地对那个受惊的孩子说话。 考查副词。gently温柔地，是副词；gentle温柔的，是形容词；gentleman绅士，是名词；此处修饰动词spoke用副词，故选A。 25．C 【解析】句意：中场休息时间对于球员来说就是可以休息的十分钟时间。 第一空，“十分钟时间”的意思，有两种表达方式：a ten-minute period；a ten minutes’ period。第二空，是动词不定式作后置定语修饰period，应填to rest，故选C。 26．C 【解析】句意：安德鲁的诚实和才智一定会让他成为一个成功的商人。 A.成功（动词）；B.成功（名词）；C.成功的（形容词）；D.成功地（副词）。根据空后名词businessman“商人”可知，空处用形容词。故选C。 27．D 【解析】句意：在下雪天，司机必须尽可能小心地开车。 A.关心，在意（动词）；B.小心的（形容词）；C.粗心的（形容词）；D.小心地（副词）。根据as...as可知，空处用形容词或副词的原级，排除A；且表示“尽可能细心”，排除C。根据句意可知，空处修饰动词drive，用副词形式，故选D。 28．A 【解析】句意：让我们讨论开车时打电话是否是安全的。 A.安全的（形容词）；B.救，节约（动词）；C.安全（名词）；D.安全地（副词）。根据空前is可知，空处用形容词作表语，译为“安全的”，故选A。 29．C 【解析】句意：那个老太太死了2周了，她的死亡让她的儿子很消沉。 be系动词，系动词，后接形容词，be dead死亡，延续性动词；die死，短暂性动词；for two weeks用延续性动词，完成时态；her她的，形容词性的物主代词，修饰名词，death死亡，名词；故选C。 30．D 【解析】句意：周末商店挤满老人，但是有趣的地方挤满了孩子。 本题考查动词和名词。crowd作动词讲，意为“挤满”；当名词讲，意为“人群”。be crowded with挤满。第一空缺少谓语，表示商店满是老人，用短语be crowded with。第二空作谓语，表示挤满，用动词，主语children是复数，谓语用复数形式。故选D。 31．B 【解析】句意：电影一点儿也没有意思。我几乎睡着了。 sleep，动词，意为“睡觉”；名词，意为“睡觉，睡眠”。asleep睡着的，形容词，一般作表语；sleeping睡着的，修饰名词。fall asleep入睡，故选B。 32．C 【解析】句意：玛丽非常喜欢那顶帽子，因为它想一只猫。 本题考查动词。like表示“像”，作介词，be like像；表示“喜欢”，是动词。第一空作谓语，故用动词，主语Mary是第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数likes。第二空根据is可知，此处用be like，故选C。 33．C 【解析】句意：说实话，我不认同你（的观点）。 考查固定词组。A. true意为“真正的”，形容词；B. truly意为“真正地”，副词； C. truth 意为“事实、真相、实情”，固定词组：to tell the truth，意为“说实话”，常用作插入语。D项是错误项，true的副词形式应为：truly。故选C。 34．B 【解析】句意：听说我们要休息三天，我们很高兴。 考查形容词辨析。please愉快，动词；pleased高兴的，形容人；pleasure快乐，名词；pleasant令人愉快的，形容物。本句缺表语形容词，主语we是人；根据句意语境，可知We are pleased符合句意，故选B。 35．B 【解析】句意：——在路上有很多雪。——是的。昨天晚上下雪了。snow雪，是名词，动词；snowy下雪的，是形容词。第一空有a lot of修饰，故用名词snow。第二空作为系动词was的表语，故用形容词snowy。故选B。 36．A 【解析】句意：他是个不幸的孩子。但幸运的是，他有一位慈祥的祖母。考查形容词和副词辨析。lucky幸运的，unlucky不幸的；luckily幸运地，unluckily不幸地。but但是，表转折；根据句意语境，可知前句否定，后句肯定，故选A。 37．C 【解析】句意：这些蔬菜有利于儿童的健康发展。A. develop“发展”，动词；B. developing分词或动名词；C. development“发展”，名词；D. developed“发展”，动词过去式。healthy为形容词，放在名词的前面作定语，此处也是of所有格，需要填入一个名词，故答案为C。 38．A 【解析】句意：做家务有助于发展提高我们的独立自主性。A. independence独立，自主，为名词形式；B. independent自主的，为形容词形式； C. dependence依靠，信任，为名词形式；D. dependent依赖的，依靠的，为形容词形式。形容词性物主代词our后跟名词，排除B,D；结合句意可知，答案为A。 39．B 【解析】句意：我很高兴收到你邀请和你一起度假。A. invite邀请，原形；B. invitation邀请，名词；C. invites邀请，第三人称单数； D. inviting邀请，现在分词。这里是得到你的邀请用名词。根据题意，故选B。 40．B 【解析】句意：他昨天早上起晚了。本题中的“晚”应是个副词，修饰“起床”，late本身就可以用作副词，lately意为“最近”，latest意为“最晚或最近的”，latter意为“后面的”。故答案选B。 41．D 【解析】句意：他是个优秀的赛跑运动员，所以他擅长跑步。不定冠词a后跟可数名词单数形式，因此第一个空格填写runner，排除B,C；be good at doing sth.擅长于做某事，故答案为D。 42．A 【解析】试题分析：句意：这个人能够像马发出一种声音。它听起来令人惊讶。此题考查sound是名词声音，还可以当动词，听起来。根据句意，应选A。 考点：考查名词和动词。 43．B 【解析】试题分析：句意：上周康康在学校运动会上赢得男子一百米第一名。在数词和名词构成的形容词中，名词应为单数形式，所以选B。 考点：考查复合形容词 44．C 【解析】试题分析：句意：他的失败使他的父亲让为他是一个令人失望的男孩。分析选项词意：disappoint使失望； disappointed 失望的； disappointing令人失望的; disappointment失望。根据句意讲述这个男孩是使他的父亲失望， 故选C 考点：词形的用法。 45．B 【解析】试题分析：句意:这个人是最好的厨师之一。现在他正在做美味的饭菜。cook 除了做动词做饭的意思外，做名词就是厨师的意思。而cooker 的意思是炊具。one of 加最高级，再跟上名词的复数形式，表示最……的之一。第二空is cooking 是现在进行时，表示此刻正在发生的事情。故选B。 二、 46．changeable 【解析】句意：这里的天气多变，常有突如其来的暴风雨和气温骤降。is为be动词，后跟形容词做表语；change的形容词形式是changeable“多变的”，用于修饰weather多变。故填changeable。 47．unhappy 【解析】句意：托尼不高兴，因为他的中文不好。根据“because his Chinese is not good”可知，是不高兴，在形容词happy“高兴的”前面加否定词缀-un。unhappy“不高兴的”。故填unhappy。 48．easily 【解析】句意：这道数学题非常简单。每个人都能轻易地地算出它。easy是形容词，此处修饰动词solve，应用副词。故填easily。 49．writers 【解析】句意：我的两个兄弟都是作家。他们的新书上个月出版了。根据“Both of my brothers are...”可知，此处表示两个兄弟都是作家，write“写”，其名词为writer“作家”，此处应用其复数形式。故填writers。 50．singer 【解析】句意：吉娜喜欢音乐，她想成为一名歌手。sing“唱歌”，动词，a后面应接名词，表示一名歌手，sing的名词为singer“歌手”。故填singer。 51．impossible 【解析】句意：如果你尽力去做，没有什么是不可能的。根据“if you try your best to do it”可知，此处指没有什么不可能，形容词impossible“不可能的”符合语境。故填impossible。 52．unusual 【解析】句意：在重庆的四季中，春天是最不寻常的一个，因为人们穿着各种各样的衣服。例如，你可以同时看到毛衣和t恤。由“because people are wearing all kinds of clothes. For example, you can see sweaters and T-shirt s at the same time”可知，此处指重庆的春天是最不寻常的，unusual“不寻常的”符合语境。故填unusual。 53．impolite 【解析】句意：你吃东西的时候讲话是不礼貌的。polite意为“有礼貌的”，其反义词impolite，意为“不礼貌的”。根据“to speak when you are eating things”和常识可知，吃东西的时候讲话是不礼貌的，空缺处应用“impolite”在句中作表语。故填impolite。 54．meaningful 【解析】句意：对我们来说，成为一名志愿者是有意义的。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，meaningful是其形容词形式。故填meaningful。 55．discussion 【解析】句意：他们正在谈论关于这个聚会的事宜。根据不定冠词a可知，此处使用可数名词单数形式。discuss：讨论，动词，discussion名词。故填discussion。 56．listeners 【解析】句意：当听众听到这个好消息时，他们非常激动。根据结构及提示可知这里缺少一个主语，同时被these修饰，故用复数；listen听，动词，名词形式是“listener”。故填listeners。 57．Recently 【解析】句意：最近，无锡不同的名胜古迹吸引了更多的游客。空处在句中作状语修饰整个句子，所以空处用recent的副词形式recently“最近”，句首单词首字母大写，故填Recently。 58．manager 【解析】句意：他的母亲是一名护士，他的父亲是一名经理。根据“His mother is a nurse and”可知，后面应该填的是他父亲的职业。manage管理，动词。manager经理，可数名词。空前有a，需用可数名词单数形式。故填manager。 59．pollution 【解析】句意：——空气污染对于现代社会的人们来说是很严重的问题。——我们有必要少开车。此空作主语应用“pollute”的名词形式“pollution”。故填pollution。 60．truly 【解析】句意：她认为好朋友必须真正地了解她。此空修饰动词“know”，应用“true”的副词形式“truly”。故填truly。 61．western 【解析】句意：大部分西方人都喜欢吃快餐。此空修饰名词“people”，因此应用“west”的形容词“western”，表示“西方的”，作定语。故填western。 62．peacefully 【解析】句意：那些被战争深深影响的人们多么希望能和平地生活！此空修饰动词“live”，因此应用“peace”的副词形式“peacefully”，表示和平地生活。故填peacefully。 63．daily 【解析】句意：我爸爸写日记来记录他的日常生活。此处修饰后面的名词“life”，因此应用“day”的形容词“daily”，表示“日常的”，作“life”的定语。故填daily。 64．sunny 【解析】句意：昨天是晴朗的，但是今天有很多雨。此空位于be动词“was”后作表语，应用“sun”的形容词“sunny”。故填sunny。 65．climbers’ 【解析】句意：你能在我们俱乐部的主页找到那些攀登者的名字。此空修饰名词，表示所属，因此需用名词所有格，首先需把动词“climb”变为名词“climber”，前面有“those”修饰，因此用复数“climbers”，“climbers”的名词所有格是“climbers’”。故填climbers’。 66．artists 【解析】句意：许多艺术家在那里演出戏剧，音乐会和歌剧。art“艺术”，名词。根据“A lot of ...(art) perform plays...”可知，此处指艺术家，把art变为artist“艺术家”；“A lot of”后接复数名词，故填artists。 67．unaware 【解析】句意：我知道他没有意识到自己的错误，因为他还是老样子。根据“because he still acts in the same old way”可知，并没有意识到自己的错误，be unaware of“没有察觉到”，故填unaware。 68．helpless 【解析】句意：没有人愿意帮助老人，他感到很无助。根据语境和所给单词推测，他应该是感到无助。感官动词feel后加形容词；help+less可表示“无助的”。故填helpless。 69．decision 【解析】句意：当你做决定的时候，一定要小心。decide是动词，此空前面有不定冠词a修饰，因此应用名词单数形式，decide的名词形式为decision，make a decision“做决定”。故填decision。 70．suggestion 【解析】句意：您的建议具有重大价值，确实值得考虑。非常感谢您！根据句子成分分析，句子缺主语，“Your”后面要用名词形式，且谓语“is”是三单形式，所以主语用名词单数形式。suggest对应的名词是suggestion。故填suggestion。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$