17.主谓一致的原则及用法-2025年秋新九年级英语语法重难点释疑与巩固(通用版)

2025年秋新九年级英语语法重难点释疑与巩固 17.主谓一致的原则及用法 类型 核心规则 例句 注意事项 语法一致 主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数 The dog runs fast. They play football. 1. 不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数（Water is important.） 2. 复数形式的学科 / 疾病（maths, physics, news）用单数（The news is true.） 意义一致 主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语用复数 The family are watching TV. 1. 集体名词（family, team, class）强调整体用单数，强调个体用复数 （The team is strong. vs. The team are arguing.） 2. 时间 / 金钱 / 距离等复数名词作整体用单数（Ten dollars is enough.） 就近原则 谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致 Either you or he is right. There is a pen and two books. 1. 常见结构：either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, there be 句型 2. Not only I but also he likes music. → 动词与 he 保持一致 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致 The teacher, with his students, is coming. 1. 常见结构：along with, together with, as well as, besides, except 等连接主语时 2. My mother, as well as my sisters, enjoys shopping. → 动词与 mother 保持一致 特殊主语 固定搭配或短语的主谓一致规则 1. each/every + 单数名词：用单数 2.a number of=many:用复数 3. the number of 表数量，用单数 3. 分数 / 百分比 + of + 名词：与 of 后的名词一致 1. both...and连接主语用复数（Both Tom and Jerry are happy.） 2. one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which 从句：从句谓语用复数（He is one of the boys who play football.） 3. none of + 复数名词：谓语可用单数或复数（None of them is/are wrong.） 主谓一致指主语与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致，是中考英语的高频核心考点，在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中频繁出现，稍有疏忽就可能导致失分。这一语法规则主要遵循语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三大基本原则：语法一致强调形式上的匹配，即单数主语搭配单数谓语，复数主语搭配复数谓语；意义一致注重句子表达的实际含义，根据主语所表达的概念决定谓语形式；就近一致则以靠近谓语动词的主语部分为依据确定谓语单复数。 一、语法一致原则（单数主语搭配单数谓语，复数主语搭配复数谓语） （一）单数主语 + 单数谓语 主语为单数名词、代词或不可数名词时，谓语用单数。这类规则在中考英语中常通过选择题、改错题和写作场景考查，考生需注意不可数名词无复数形式，以及复合不定代词作主语的特殊性。 1.单个名词 / 代词 普通名词：The book is on the desk.（这本书在桌上。主语 the book 为单数名词，遵循语法一致原则） 复合不定代词：Everyone knows the answer.（每个人都知道答案。everyone、someone、nobody 等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：Nobody likes being criticized.） 2.不可数名词 物质名词：Water is necessary for life.（水是生命必需的。water、air、rice 等物质名词无复数形式，谓语用单数） 抽象名词：Advice helps us make better decisions.（建议帮助我们做出更好的决定。advice、information、knowledge 等抽象名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，需特别注意 advice 不可与可数名词 suggestion 混淆） 3.动名词 / 不定式作主语 动名词短语：Reading is a good habit.（阅读是个好习惯。单个动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数；若两个并列动名词表不同行为，谓语用复数，如：Reading and writing are important skills.） 不定式短语：To learn English well requires patience.（学好英语需要耐心。不定式短语作主语常可转化为 It requires patience to learn English well 的形式，it 作形式主语） （二）复数主语 + 复数谓语 主语为复数名词、代词或多个并列主语时，谓语用复数。中考常结合 there be 句型、 主谓倒装句等句式考查，需注意集合名词作主语时的主谓一致性判断。 1.复数名词 / 代词 规则复数名词：The students are playing basketball.（学生们在打篮球。以 -s 结尾的规则复数名词作主语，谓语用复数） 不规则复数名词：They have finished their homework.（他们完成了作业。they 指代复数人称，children、men 等不规则复数名词同理，如：Children enjoy playing games.） 2.由 and 连接的并列主语（表不同事物） 并列人或物：Tom and Lily are twins.（汤姆和莉莉是双胞胎。并列主语为不同个体，谓语用复数） 并列抽象概念：Books and pens are in my schoolbag.（书和笔在我书包里。若 and 连接的名词前分别有冠词，需视为复数，如：The teacher and the student are discussing the problem.） 3.集体名词表多个个体 强调成员个体：The family are watching TV together.（全家人在一起看电视。family、class、team 等集体名词，若强调个体行为，谓语用复数） 易混淆用法：The class have different opinions.（全班同学有不同意见。对比 The class is large.（这个班级规模大），后者强调整体概念，谓语用单数） （三）特殊情况：and 连接的主语表单一概念 当并列主语表示同一人、同一事物或固定搭配时，谓语用单数。此类考点常出现在完形填空和语法填空中，需结合语境判断名词组合是否构成整体概念。 1.同一人 / 事物 双重身份主语：The singer and dancer is coming to the party.（这位歌手兼舞者要来派对。and 连接的两个名词共用同一冠词，暗示同一人，谓语用单数） 固定搭配短语：Bread and butter is his favorite breakfast.（面包配黄油是他最爱的早餐。fish and chips、meat and potatoes 等食物组合视为整体，谓语用单数） 2.时间、距离、金额等复数主语表整体 时间单位：Ten years is a long time.（十年是很长的时间。复数时间作主语强调整体时长，谓语用单数；若强调单位个体，如 Ten years have passed since we met. 则用复数） 数量概念：Fifty dollars is enough for the book.（50 美元够买这本书。Two kilometers is not a long distance. 同理，复数距离、重量等单位作主语表总量时，谓语用单数） 二、意义一致原则（主语形式与意义不一致时，按意义确定谓语） 意义一致原则突破了语法形式的限制，强调从主语表达的实际语义出发选择谓语动词的单复数形式。该原则在中考英语中常通过集体名词、不定代词及带修饰语的主语等考点呈现，需要考生结合语境灵活判断。 （一）集体名词作主语 集体名词既可以表示作为一个整体的概念（视为单数），也可以强调组成集体的个体成员（视为复数），谓语动词需相应变化。 1.强调整体（视为单数） 当集体名词作为一个统一的单位或实体时，谓语动词用单数形式。常见集体名词：family, company, team, government, class, group 等。例如： The family is a happy one.（此处 family 作为一个完整的家庭单元，强调整体性） The company has 500 employees.（company 被看作一个经营实体，谓语用单数） 2.强调个体（视为复数） 若描述集体中的各个成员的行为或状态，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： My family are all fond of music.（这里强调家庭中的每个成员都有相同爱好） The team are celebrating their victory.（着重表现队员们各自的庆祝行为） 易错提醒：集体名词 people（人们）, police（警察）, cattle（牛群）等，因本身表示复数概念，谓语动词始终用复数。如：The police are searching for the missing child. （二）不定代词作主语 不定代词指代的内容直接决定谓语动词的单复数形式，需根据语境判断其所指对象。 1.表单数意义（each/every/someone 等） each/every + 单数名词：Each of the students has a dictionary.（each 强调个体，谓语用单数） 复合不定代词：Someone is knocking at the door.（anyone, everyone, nobody 等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语均用单数） 2.表复数意义（both/several/many 等） both/several/many + 复数名词：Both of my parents are teachers.（both 指代两个个体，谓语用复数） a few, many a, a number of 等短语修饰复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数：A number of students are interested in science. 3.表不可数 / 单复数均可（all/most/some 等） 指代不可数名词：All of the milk is gone.（milk 为不可数名词，谓语用单数） 指代复数名词：All of the students are here.（students 为复数，谓语用复数） （三）主语后接修饰语 当主语后紧跟 with, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的单复数仅由主语本身决定，修饰成分不影响主谓一致。 1.with/along with/together with The teacher, together with her students, is visiting the museum.（主语核心为 the teacher，视为单数） Tom, along with his friends, plays basketball every day.（真正主语是 Tom，谓语用第三人称单数） 2.as well as/except/besides My sister, as well as I, likes drawing.（主语重点在 my sister，谓语与之一致） Everyone except Jim has passed the exam.（主语为 everyone，不受 except 短语影响） 特别注意：使用not only...but also...和either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与靠近的主语保持一致。如：Not only the students but also the teacher is excited. 三、就近一致原则（谓语与靠近的主语一致） 就近一致原则，又称 “邻近原则” 或 “就近原则”，指在特定句式或连接词结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式由离其最近的主语决定。这种语法规则打破了常规的主语与谓语一一对应的关系，需要学习者重点关注句子结构特征。 （一）there be 句型 be 动词与最近的主语在数上一致，常用于描述 “某处存在某人或某物” 的场景。 1.单数主语在前 在 "There be" 句型中，当第一个主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，be 动词用单数形式 "is"。 There is a book and two pens on the desk.（桌上有一本书和两支笔。最近主语 a book 为单数） There is an apple in the basket.（篮子里有一个苹果。最近主语 an apple 为单数） 注意：即使后续出现多个复数主语，be 动词仍以首个主语为准。例如：There is a cup, three plates and some cutlery on the table. 2.复数主语在前 若句子开头的主语为复数形式，be 动词需用复数形式 "are"。 There are two pens and a book on the desk.（桌上有两支笔和一本书。最近主语 two pens 为复数） There are some students in the classroom.（教室里有一些学生。最近主语 students 为复数） 例外情况：当多个主语由 and 连接且表示同一概念时，be 动词用单数，如 There is bread and butter on the plate.（面包黄油视为整体） （二）由 or/either...or/neither...nor 连接的主语 谓语动词与靠近的主语在数和人称上保持一致，常用于表达两者间的选择或否定关系。 1.either...or：表示 “要么... 要么...”，强调二者择一。谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致。 Either you or he is wrong.（要么你错了，要么他错了。靠近主语 he 为单数） Either the students or the teacher knows the answer.（要么学生们知道答案，要么老师知道。靠近主语 the teacher 为单数） 提示：实际使用时，可通过调整主语顺序避免主谓不一致的歧义，如将复数主语置于靠近谓语位置。 2.neither...nor：表示 “两者都不”，否定并列的两个主语。谓语动词同样遵循就近原则。 Neither the parents nor the child likes the movie.（父母和孩子都不喜欢这部电影。靠近主语 the child 为单数） Neither I nor they are going to the party.（我和他们都不去派对。靠近主语 they 为复数） 特殊情况：当 neither 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如 Neither of them is here. 3.not only...but also：意为 “不仅... 而且...”，强调后者。谓语动词与 but also 后的主语保持一致。 Not only the teacher but also the students are interested in the game.（不仅老师，学生们也对游戏感兴趣。靠近主语 the students 为复数） Not only Tom but also his sister has visited Beijing.（不仅汤姆，他姐姐也去过北京。靠近主语 his sister 为单数） 补充说明：当 not only 位于句首时，前半句需部分倒装，如 Not only does he speak English, but also he writes well. 一、单项选择 1．— What would you like, tea ________ coffee? — Either is OK. But I prefer coffee ________ milk. A．to;with B．or;with C．to;to D．to;than 2．—Either you or he ________ going to plant trees this Sunday in the village. —Yes. It’s a great idea to protect the local environment. A．are B．is C．were D．be 3．—I don’t know what to wear in the party next weekend. —You can wear ________ the white dress ________ the yellow skirt. A．either; or B．from; to C．both; and D．between; and 4．You can choose ________ the black pen or the red one—both are good. A．as well B．too C．either D．also 5．______ Jenny ______Ann is going to the supermarket with you because one of them must help with the party preparation. A．Neither; nor B．Either; or C．Not only; but also D．Both; and 6．Neither Jim nor I ________ our promises easily. So our classmates like to be friends with us. A．break B．breaks C．was breaking D．broke 7．Neither Jim nor Tom ________ France before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 8．Just remember ______ success ______ failure is your final result. They are just parts of your life. A．both; and B．not only; but also C．either; or D．neither; nor 9．—I hear ________ your father ________ your mother likes watching Beijing Opera. —Right, just as many old people do in Beijing. A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not only, but also 10．Not only Tom but also his parents ________ to Beijing. A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone 11．—After watching “To the Wonder” on TV, I can’t wait to go to Altay for a look on my own. —Why not join the study tour in the coming summer holiday? There ________ different routes (线路) for school students to choose to travel in Xinjiang. A．is going to be B．are going to have C．will be D．will have 12．There ________ some big trees behind this house years ago. A．are B．is C．were D．was 13．There ________ some beef and many tomatoes in the kitchen. A．is B．are C．has D．have 14．—Is there a library in your city? —________. I often read books there. A．Yes, it is B．No, it isn’t C．Yes, there is D．No, there isn’t 15．Here ________ some good news about our school. A．is B．are C．have D．has 16．—Jack, here ______ two nice photos of my family. —Wow! It’s great. A．is B．are C．am D．be 17．Here a pair of on the sofa. A．is; shoe B．are; shorts C．is; trousers D．are; shoes 18．—I called you but you didn’t answer me. —Oh, sorry. I, together with friends, ________ the film Formed Police Unit at the cinema. A．has watched B．have watched C．was watching D．were watching 19．—________ Amy with her sister ________ the Statue of Liberty in the USA? —Yes, only once. A．Have; been in B．Have; been to C．Has; been in D．Has; been to 20．Jack, with his friends, ________ watch a new film at the cinema tomorrow. A．is going to B．are going to C．goes to D．go to 21．—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 22．—History as well as PE________ more and more important in middle school. —We should pay more attention to them. A．are becoming B．are getting C．is becoming D．is getting 23．A teacher’s job is to teach students knowledge __________ help improve their study habits. A．also B．as well C．while D．as well as 24．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 25．Nothing but grass and trees ________ the hill and it looks alive with nature. A．cover B．covers C．are covering D．will cover 26．Everyone except Tom and Mike London before. A．has gone to B．have been to C．have gone to D．has been to 27．Everyone except Tom and Mike ________ London before. A．has gone to B．have been to C．has been to D．have gone to 28．Dragon Boat racing has been a much-loved sport all over the world, ______the US cities such as New York and Boston. A．include B．includes C．included D．including 29． Mr. Hunt his friends is going to visit the museum. A．Not only; but also B．/; rather than C．Both; and D．Neither; nor 30．He rather than I _____  going to clean the room. A．is B．am C．will D．was 31．Every means ________, but none proved ________. A．have tried; a success B．have been tried; successfully C．has tried; to be successful D．has been tried; successful 32．—________ 300 pounds enough for Lisa ________ a new bike? —Yes, quite enough. A．Are; to buy B．Is; to buy C．Are; buy D．Is; buy 33．I plan to travel to Beijing next month, and I think 3,000 yuan ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 34．—Bob, hurry up! We only have 15 minutes. —Oh, Dad, 15 minutes ________ enough for us. A．is B．have C．were D．was 35．Three years ________ a short time. So we have to value the time we work together. A．is B．are C．has D．have 36．— Dad, I’ve listened to music for only forty minutes. Listening to music is good for us. — Forty minutes ______ enough. Now you must do your homework. A．was B．is C．are D．were 37．The police ________ looking for the lost child everywhere. A．is B．are C．was D．be 38．The Greens ________ in a big city. A．lives B．live C．living D．to live 39．—Do you like your community? —Yes. Life here is easy and people around ________ friendly. A．am B．is C．are D．be 40．Jenny’s family _______ flying kites in the park now. A．am B．is C．be D．\ 41．The number of teachers in our school ________ 400 and sixty percent of them ________ women teachers. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 42．—Do you think the rich ________ always happy? —I don’t know. A．are B．is C．be D．was 43．The old ________ the cold more than the young. A．feels B．feel C．is feeling D．are feeling 44．The poor ________ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the leadership of President Xi. A．is B．are C．was D．were 45．There ______ a lot of fish in the pond. A．is B．are C．have D．has 46．Here ________ some flowers for you. A．be B．is C．are D．am 47．The fish ______ for some time. You’d better cook them at once. A．have been dead B．has died C．have died D．has been dead 48．Look! Some sheep ________ grass near the lake. A．eat B．is eating C．are eating D．eats 49．The number of dog parks in the United States ________ by 40 percent in the past 5 years. A．has increased B．have increased C．is increasing D．are increasing 50．The number of blue whales on the Earth __________ recently. Something must be done to save them. A．drops B．has dropped C．have dropped D．dropped 51．—________ this pair of jeans blue? —Yes, I like blue. The jeans ________ very nice for me. A．Is; is B．Are; are C．Is; are D．Are; is 52．—How much ________ this pair of trousers cost? —Thirty yuan. A．do B．is C．are D．does 53．She and her classmates often ______ the old books to the school library. It makes them happy. A．give away B．gives away C．gave away D．giving away 54．On the left of the playground ___________ the new library and the reading rooms. There ___________ a number of useful books for us to read. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 55．Tom and his parents _______ to America. They _______ back in two weeks. A．have gone; will come B．has gone; will come C．have been; have come D．have been; come 56．Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A．are B．is C．were D．was 57．Doing sports ________ us energy and makes us ________ strong. A．give, to feel B．gives, feel C．give, feel D．gives, to feel 58．—How nice these flowers are! —So they are! That lady ______ care of them whenever she has time. A．took B．is taking C．will take D．takes 59．—Why were you absent from the basketball training yesterday? —Because there ________ an important examination. A．are B．were C．is D．was 60．Because of the special situation last year, about _________ of the students in our school _______ having classes on the Internet at home. A．two thirds; are B．two third; is C．two thirds; was D．two thirds; were 61．—What do you think of the environment here? —Wonderful! ________ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass. A．Two fifths, are B．Two fifth, is C．Two fifths, is D．Second five, are 62．About three quarters of the population ________ Chinese in Singapore. A．is B．are C．be D．were 63．The environment here is better now because ________ of the land ________ covered with plants. A．three fourth; is B．three fourths; is C．three fourths; are D．three fourth; are 64．The two dogs are fighting ________ the bone. Each of them ________ the only bone. A．with; wants B．for; wants C．with; want D．for; want 65．When the teacher arrived at the classroom, the children ________ quietly. It made the teacher surprised and happy. A．was reading B．is reading C．are reading D．were reading 二、完成句子 66．这儿附近有一座图书馆和两家书店。 a library and two bookstores near here. 67．梵净山有许多珍贵的野生动物。 many precious wild animals in Fanjing Mountain. 68．必要时我才会勇敢，勇敢并不意味着你要到处闯祸。——《狮子王》 I’m only brave when I have to be. Being brave you go looking for trouble. —The Lion King 69．我姐姐不仅会跳舞，还会弹钢琴。 My elder sister can dance but also play the piano. 70．她总是乐于帮助他人，所以她和同学们相处得很好。 She is always willing to help others, so she with her classmates. 71．无论大小困难都不会使这些年轻人放弃他们的想法。 small big difficulties will cause these young people to give up their ideas. 72．贵州位于中国的西南部，这里有许多风景名胜和特色民族文化。 Guizhou is located in the southwest of China. plenty of places of interest and unique ethnic culture. 73．——下周日在社区中心有一场“援助之手”会议吗？ ——有的。 — a “helping hands” meeting next Sunday? —Yes, there is. 74．我们班的学生人数是25。 students in our class is 25. 75．电影《哪吒之魔童闹海》非常值得一看。 The movie Ne Zha 2 . 76．这个机器人不仅会唱歌还会写歌。 This robot can not only sing write songs. 77．“一带一路”源于中国，但它属于整个世界。 “The Belt and Road” is from China but the whole world. 78．李雷和他的同学们此刻正在愉快地打篮球。 Li Lei his classmates is playing basketball happily at the moment. 79．——50块钱够买个披萨吗？  ——当然不够。 — 50 yuan enough a pizza?     — Of course not. 80．我的家人对于我来说很重要。 My family me. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年秋新九年级英语语法重难点释疑与巩固 17.主谓一致的原则及用法 类型 核心规则 例句 注意事项 语法一致 主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数 The dog runs fast. They play football. 1. 不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数（Water is important.） 2. 复数形式的学科 / 疾病（maths, physics, news）用单数（The news is true.） 意义一致 主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语用复数 The family are watching TV. 1. 集体名词（family, team, class）强调整体用单数，强调个体用复数 （The team is strong. vs. The team are arguing.） 2. 时间 / 金钱 / 距离等复数名词作整体用单数（Ten dollars is enough.） 就近原则 谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致 Either you or he is right. There is a pen and two books. 1. 常见结构：either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, there be 句型 2. Not only I but also he likes music. → 动词与 he 保持一致 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致 The teacher, with his students, is coming. 1. 常见结构：along with, together with, as well as, besides, except 等连接主语时 2. My mother, as well as my sisters, enjoys shopping. → 动词与 mother 保持一致 特殊主语 固定搭配或短语的主谓一致规则 1. each/every + 单数名词：用单数 2.a number of=many:用复数 3. the number of 表数量，用单数 3. 分数 / 百分比 + of + 名词：与 of 后的名词一致 1. both...and连接主语用复数（Both Tom and Jerry are happy.） 2. one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which 从句：从句谓语用复数（He is one of the boys who play football.） 3. none of + 复数名词：谓语可用单数或复数（None of them is/are wrong.） 主谓一致指主语与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致，是中考英语的高频核心考点，在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中频繁出现，稍有疏忽就可能导致失分。这一语法规则主要遵循语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三大基本原则：语法一致强调形式上的匹配，即单数主语搭配单数谓语，复数主语搭配复数谓语；意义一致注重句子表达的实际含义，根据主语所表达的概念决定谓语形式；就近一致则以靠近谓语动词的主语部分为依据确定谓语单复数。 一、语法一致原则（单数主语搭配单数谓语，复数主语搭配复数谓语） （一）单数主语 + 单数谓语 主语为单数名词、代词或不可数名词时，谓语用单数。这类规则在中考英语中常通过选择题、改错题和写作场景考查，考生需注意不可数名词无复数形式，以及复合不定代词作主语的特殊性。 1.单个名词 / 代词 普通名词：The book is on the desk.（这本书在桌上。主语 the book 为单数名词，遵循语法一致原则） 复合不定代词：Everyone knows the answer.（每个人都知道答案。everyone、someone、nobody 等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如：Nobody likes being criticized.） 2.不可数名词 物质名词：Water is necessary for life.（水是生命必需的。water、air、rice 等物质名词无复数形式，谓语用单数） 抽象名词：Advice helps us make better decisions.（建议帮助我们做出更好的决定。advice、information、knowledge 等抽象名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，需特别注意 advice 不可与可数名词 suggestion 混淆） 3.动名词 / 不定式作主语 动名词短语：Reading is a good habit.（阅读是个好习惯。单个动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数；若两个并列动名词表不同行为，谓语用复数，如：Reading and writing are important skills.） 不定式短语：To learn English well requires patience.（学好英语需要耐心。不定式短语作主语常可转化为 It requires patience to learn English well 的形式，it 作形式主语） （二）复数主语 + 复数谓语 主语为复数名词、代词或多个并列主语时，谓语用复数。中考常结合 there be 句型、 主谓倒装句等句式考查，需注意集合名词作主语时的主谓一致性判断。 1.复数名词 / 代词 规则复数名词：The students are playing basketball.（学生们在打篮球。以 -s 结尾的规则复数名词作主语，谓语用复数） 不规则复数名词：They have finished their homework.（他们完成了作业。they 指代复数人称，children、men 等不规则复数名词同理，如：Children enjoy playing games.） 2.由 and 连接的并列主语（表不同事物） 并列人或物：Tom and Lily are twins.（汤姆和莉莉是双胞胎。并列主语为不同个体，谓语用复数） 并列抽象概念：Books and pens are in my schoolbag.（书和笔在我书包里。若 and 连接的名词前分别有冠词，需视为复数，如：The teacher and the student are discussing the problem.） 3.集体名词表多个个体 强调成员个体：The family are watching TV together.（全家人在一起看电视。family、class、team 等集体名词，若强调个体行为，谓语用复数） 易混淆用法：The class have different opinions.（全班同学有不同意见。对比 The class is large.（这个班级规模大），后者强调整体概念，谓语用单数） （三）特殊情况：and 连接的主语表单一概念 当并列主语表示同一人、同一事物或固定搭配时，谓语用单数。此类考点常出现在完形填空和语法填空中，需结合语境判断名词组合是否构成整体概念。 1.同一人 / 事物 双重身份主语：The singer and dancer is coming to the party.（这位歌手兼舞者要来派对。and 连接的两个名词共用同一冠词，暗示同一人，谓语用单数） 固定搭配短语：Bread and butter is his favorite breakfast.（面包配黄油是他最爱的早餐。fish and chips、meat and potatoes 等食物组合视为整体，谓语用单数） 2.时间、距离、金额等复数主语表整体 时间单位：Ten years is a long time.（十年是很长的时间。复数时间作主语强调整体时长，谓语用单数；若强调单位个体，如 Ten years have passed since we met. 则用复数） 数量概念：Fifty dollars is enough for the book.（50 美元够买这本书。Two kilometers is not a long distance. 同理，复数距离、重量等单位作主语表总量时，谓语用单数） 二、意义一致原则（主语形式与意义不一致时，按意义确定谓语） 意义一致原则突破了语法形式的限制，强调从主语表达的实际语义出发选择谓语动词的单复数形式。该原则在中考英语中常通过集体名词、不定代词及带修饰语的主语等考点呈现，需要考生结合语境灵活判断。 （一）集体名词作主语 集体名词既可以表示作为一个整体的概念（视为单数），也可以强调组成集体的个体成员（视为复数），谓语动词需相应变化。 1.强调整体（视为单数） 当集体名词作为一个统一的单位或实体时，谓语动词用单数形式。常见集体名词：family, company, team, government, class, group 等。例如： The family is a happy one.（此处 family 作为一个完整的家庭单元，强调整体性） The company has 500 employees.（company 被看作一个经营实体，谓语用单数） 2.强调个体（视为复数） 若描述集体中的各个成员的行为或状态，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： My family are all fond of music.（这里强调家庭中的每个成员都有相同爱好） The team are celebrating their victory.（着重表现队员们各自的庆祝行为） 易错提醒：集体名词 people（人们）, police（警察）, cattle（牛群）等，因本身表示复数概念，谓语动词始终用复数。如：The police are searching for the missing child. （二）不定代词作主语 不定代词指代的内容直接决定谓语动词的单复数形式，需根据语境判断其所指对象。 1.表单数意义（each/every/someone 等） each/every + 单数名词：Each of the students has a dictionary.（each 强调个体，谓语用单数） 复合不定代词：Someone is knocking at the door.（anyone, everyone, nobody 等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语均用单数） 2.表复数意义（both/several/many 等） both/several/many + 复数名词：Both of my parents are teachers.（both 指代两个个体，谓语用复数） a few, many a, a number of 等短语修饰复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数：A number of students are interested in science. 3.表不可数 / 单复数均可（all/most/some 等） 指代不可数名词：All of the milk is gone.（milk 为不可数名词，谓语用单数） 指代复数名词：All of the students are here.（students 为复数，谓语用复数） （三）主语后接修饰语 当主语后紧跟 with, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的单复数仅由主语本身决定，修饰成分不影响主谓一致。 1.with/along with/together with The teacher, together with her students, is visiting the museum.（主语核心为 the teacher，视为单数） Tom, along with his friends, plays basketball every day.（真正主语是 Tom，谓语用第三人称单数） 2.as well as/except/besides My sister, as well as I, likes drawing.（主语重点在 my sister，谓语与之一致） Everyone except Jim has passed the exam.（主语为 everyone，不受 except 短语影响） 特别注意：使用not only...but also...和either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与靠近的主语保持一致。如：Not only the students but also the teacher is excited. 三、就近一致原则（谓语与靠近的主语一致） 就近一致原则，又称 “邻近原则” 或 “就近原则”，指在特定句式或连接词结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式由离其最近的主语决定。这种语法规则打破了常规的主语与谓语一一对应的关系，需要学习者重点关注句子结构特征。 （一）there be 句型 be 动词与最近的主语在数上一致，常用于描述 “某处存在某人或某物” 的场景。 1.单数主语在前 在 "There be" 句型中，当第一个主语为单数名词或不可数名词时，be 动词用单数形式 "is"。 There is a book and two pens on the desk.（桌上有一本书和两支笔。最近主语 a book 为单数） There is an apple in the basket.（篮子里有一个苹果。最近主语 an apple 为单数） 注意：即使后续出现多个复数主语，be 动词仍以首个主语为准。例如：There is a cup, three plates and some cutlery on the table. 2.复数主语在前 若句子开头的主语为复数形式，be 动词需用复数形式 "are"。 There are two pens and a book on the desk.（桌上有两支笔和一本书。最近主语 two pens 为复数） There are some students in the classroom.（教室里有一些学生。最近主语 students 为复数） 例外情况：当多个主语由 and 连接且表示同一概念时，be 动词用单数，如 There is bread and butter on the plate.（面包黄油视为整体） （二）由 or/either...or/neither...nor 连接的主语 谓语动词与靠近的主语在数和人称上保持一致，常用于表达两者间的选择或否定关系。 1.either...or：表示 “要么... 要么...”，强调二者择一。谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致。 Either you or he is wrong.（要么你错了，要么他错了。靠近主语 he 为单数） Either the students or the teacher knows the answer.（要么学生们知道答案，要么老师知道。靠近主语 the teacher 为单数） 提示：实际使用时，可通过调整主语顺序避免主谓不一致的歧义，如将复数主语置于靠近谓语位置。 2.neither...nor：表示 “两者都不”，否定并列的两个主语。谓语动词同样遵循就近原则。 Neither the parents nor the child likes the movie.（父母和孩子都不喜欢这部电影。靠近主语 the child 为单数） Neither I nor they are going to the party.（我和他们都不去派对。靠近主语 they 为复数） 特殊情况：当 neither 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数，如 Neither of them is here. 3.not only...but also：意为 “不仅... 而且...”，强调后者。谓语动词与 but also 后的主语保持一致。 Not only the teacher but also the students are interested in the game.（不仅老师，学生们也对游戏感兴趣。靠近主语 the students 为复数） Not only Tom but also his sister has visited Beijing.（不仅汤姆，他姐姐也去过北京。靠近主语 his sister 为单数） 补充说明：当 not only 位于句首时，前半句需部分倒装，如 Not only does he speak English, but also he writes well. 一、单项选择 1．— What would you like, tea ________ coffee? — Either is OK. But I prefer coffee ________ milk. A．to;with B．or;with C．to;to D．to;than 2．—Either you or he ________ going to plant trees this Sunday in the village. —Yes. It’s a great idea to protect the local environment. A．are B．is C．were D．be 3．—I don’t know what to wear in the party next weekend. —You can wear ________ the white dress ________ the yellow skirt. A．either; or B．from; to C．both; and D．between; and 4．You can choose ________ the black pen or the red one—both are good. A．as well B．too C．either D．also 5．______ Jenny ______Ann is going to the supermarket with you because one of them must help with the party preparation. A．Neither; nor B．Either; or C．Not only; but also D．Both; and 6．Neither Jim nor I ________ our promises easily. So our classmates like to be friends with us. A．break B．breaks C．was breaking D．broke 7．Neither Jim nor Tom ________ France before, but they know the country very well. A．has gone to B．has been to C．have gone to D．have been to 8．Just remember ______ success ______ failure is your final result. They are just parts of your life. A．both; and B．not only; but also C．either; or D．neither; nor 9．—I hear ________ your father ________ your mother likes watching Beijing Opera. —Right, just as many old people do in Beijing. A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not only, but also 10．Not only Tom but also his parents ________ to Beijing. A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone 11．—After watching “To the Wonder” on TV, I can’t wait to go to Altay for a look on my own. —Why not join the study tour in the coming summer holiday? There ________ different routes (线路) for school students to choose to travel in Xinjiang. A．is going to be B．are going to have C．will be D．will have 12．There ________ some big trees behind this house years ago. A．are B．is C．were D．was 13．There ________ some beef and many tomatoes in the kitchen. A．is B．are C．has D．have 14．—Is there a library in your city? —________. I often read books there. A．Yes, it is B．No, it isn’t C．Yes, there is D．No, there isn’t 15．Here ________ some good news about our school. A．is B．are C．have D．has 16．—Jack, here ______ two nice photos of my family. —Wow! It’s great. A．is B．are C．am D．be 17．Here a pair of on the sofa. A．is; shoe B．are; shorts C．is; trousers D．are; shoes 18．—I called you but you didn’t answer me. —Oh, sorry. I, together with friends, ________ the film Formed Police Unit at the cinema. A．has watched B．have watched C．was watching D．were watching 19．—________ Amy with her sister ________ the Statue of Liberty in the USA? —Yes, only once. A．Have; been in B．Have; been to C．Has; been in D．Has; been to 20．Jack, with his friends, ________ watch a new film at the cinema tomorrow. A．is going to B．are going to C．goes to D．go to 21．—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 22．—History as well as PE________ more and more important in middle school. —We should pay more attention to them. A．are becoming B．are getting C．is becoming D．is getting 23．A teacher’s job is to teach students knowledge __________ help improve their study habits. A．also B．as well C．while D．as well as 24．Frank isn’t very friendly to others. As a result, all my classmates except him ________ Christmas presents from one another. A．have got B．has got C．gets D．were getting 25．Nothing but grass and trees ________ the hill and it looks alive with nature. A．cover B．covers C．are covering D．will cover 26．Everyone except Tom and Mike London before. A．has gone to B．have been to C．have gone to D．has been to 27．Everyone except Tom and Mike ________ London before. A．has gone to B．have been to C．has been to D．have gone to 28．Dragon Boat racing has been a much-loved sport all over the world, ______the US cities such as New York and Boston. A．include B．includes C．included D．including 29． Mr. Hunt his friends is going to visit the museum. A．Not only; but also B．/; rather than C．Both; and D．Neither; nor 30．He rather than I _____  going to clean the room. A．is B．am C．will D．was 31．Every means ________, but none proved ________. A．have tried; a success B．have been tried; successfully C．has tried; to be successful D．has been tried; successful 32．—________ 300 pounds enough for Lisa ________ a new bike? —Yes, quite enough. A．Are; to buy B．Is; to buy C．Are; buy D．Is; buy 33．I plan to travel to Beijing next month, and I think 3,000 yuan ________ enough. A．was B．are C．is D．were 34．—Bob, hurry up! We only have 15 minutes. —Oh, Dad, 15 minutes ________ enough for us. A．is B．have C．were D．was 35．Three years ________ a short time. So we have to value the time we work together. A．is B．are C．has D．have 36．— Dad, I’ve listened to music for only forty minutes. Listening to music is good for us. — Forty minutes ______ enough. Now you must do your homework. A．was B．is C．are D．were 37．The police ________ looking for the lost child everywhere. A．is B．are C．was D．be 38．The Greens ________ in a big city. A．lives B．live C．living D．to live 39．—Do you like your community? —Yes. Life here is easy and people around ________ friendly. A．am B．is C．are D．be 40．Jenny’s family _______ flying kites in the park now. A．am B．is C．be D．\ 41．The number of teachers in our school ________ 400 and sixty percent of them ________ women teachers. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 42．—Do you think the rich ________ always happy? —I don’t know. A．are B．is C．be D．was 43．The old ________ the cold more than the young. A．feels B．feel C．is feeling D．are feeling 44．The poor ________ getting fewer and fewer in our country these years under the leadership of President Xi. A．is B．are C．was D．were 45．There ______ a lot of fish in the pond. A．is B．are C．have D．has 46．Here ________ some flowers for you. A．be B．is C．are D．am 47．The fish ______ for some time. You’d better cook them at once. A．have been dead B．has died C．have died D．has been dead 48．Look! Some sheep ________ grass near the lake. A．eat B．is eating C．are eating D．eats 49．The number of dog parks in the United States ________ by 40 percent in the past 5 years. A．has increased B．have increased C．is increasing D．are increasing 50．The number of blue whales on the Earth __________ recently. Something must be done to save them. A．drops B．has dropped C．have dropped D．dropped 51．—________ this pair of jeans blue? —Yes, I like blue. The jeans ________ very nice for me. A．Is; is B．Are; are C．Is; are D．Are; is 52．—How much ________ this pair of trousers cost? —Thirty yuan. A．do B．is C．are D．does 53．She and her classmates often ______ the old books to the school library. It makes them happy. A．give away B．gives away C．gave away D．giving away 54．On the left of the playground ___________ the new library and the reading rooms. There ___________ a number of useful books for us to read. A．is; is B．is; are C．are; is D．are; are 55．Tom and his parents _______ to America. They _______ back in two weeks. A．have gone; will come B．has gone; will come C．have been; have come D．have been; come 56．Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country. A．are B．is C．were D．was 57．Doing sports ________ us energy and makes us ________ strong. A．give, to feel B．gives, feel C．give, feel D．gives, to feel 58．—How nice these flowers are! —So they are! That lady ______ care of them whenever she has time. A．took B．is taking C．will take D．takes 59．—Why were you absent from the basketball training yesterday? —Because there ________ an important examination. A．are B．were C．is D．was 60．Because of the special situation last year, about _________ of the students in our school _______ having classes on the Internet at home. A．two thirds; are B．two third; is C．two thirds; was D．two thirds; were 61．—What do you think of the environment here? —Wonderful! ________ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass. A．Two fifths, are B．Two fifth, is C．Two fifths, is D．Second five, are 62．About three quarters of the population ________ Chinese in Singapore. A．is B．are C．be D．were 63．The environment here is better now because ________ of the land ________ covered with plants. A．three fourth; is B．three fourths; is C．three fourths; are D．three fourth; are 64．The two dogs are fighting ________ the bone. Each of them ________ the only bone. A．with; wants B．for; wants C．with; want D．for; want 65．When the teacher arrived at the classroom, the children ________ quietly. It made the teacher surprised and happy. A．was reading B．is reading C．are reading D．were reading 二、完成句子 66．这儿附近有一座图书馆和两家书店。 a library and two bookstores near here. 67．梵净山有许多珍贵的野生动物。 many precious wild animals in Fanjing Mountain. 68．必要时我才会勇敢，勇敢并不意味着你要到处闯祸。——《狮子王》 I’m only brave when I have to be. Being brave you go looking for trouble. —The Lion King 69．我姐姐不仅会跳舞，还会弹钢琴。 My elder sister can dance but also play the piano. 70．她总是乐于帮助他人，所以她和同学们相处得很好。 She is always willing to help others, so she with her classmates. 71．无论大小困难都不会使这些年轻人放弃他们的想法。 small big difficulties will cause these young people to give up their ideas. 72．贵州位于中国的西南部，这里有许多风景名胜和特色民族文化。 Guizhou is located in the southwest of China. plenty of places of interest and unique ethnic culture. 73．——下周日在社区中心有一场“援助之手”会议吗？ ——有的。 — a “helping hands” meeting next Sunday? —Yes, there is. 74．我们班的学生人数是25。 students in our class is 25. 75．电影《哪吒之魔童闹海》非常值得一看。 The movie Ne Zha 2 . 76．这个机器人不仅会唱歌还会写歌。 This robot can not only sing write songs. 77．“一带一路”源于中国，但它属于整个世界。 “The Belt and Road” is from China but the whole world. 78．李雷和他的同学们此刻正在愉快地打篮球。 Li Lei his classmates is playing basketball happily at the moment. 79．——50块钱够买个披萨吗？  ——当然不够。 — 50 yuan enough a pizza?     — Of course not. 80．我的家人对于我来说很重要。 My family me. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】句意：——你想要什么，茶还是咖啡?——随便哪个都行。但是我更喜欢咖啡加奶。 考查固定搭配。to到；with和；or或者；than比；第一空较为简单，表示两样东西的选择用“or”；第二空易错，根据“But I prefer coffee ________ milk”可知，此处不是选择上一句的“茶还是咖啡”，而是指加奶的咖啡，故选B。 2．B 【解析】句意：——这个星期天，不是你就是他将在村子里植树。——是的。保护当地环境是个好主意。 考查主谓一致。根据“Either you or he…going to plant trees this Sunday in the village.”可知，“Either…or…”作主语时，遵循“就近”原则，此处he是第三人称单数，所以be动词用 is。故选B。 3．A 【解析】句意：—— 我不知道下周末聚会穿什么。—— 你可以穿白色连衣裙或黄色裙子。 考查连词辨析。either...or...要么……要么……；from...to... 从……到……；both...and...两者都……；between...and...在……和……之间。根据“I don’t know what to wear in the party next weekend...You can wear…the white dress…the yellow skirt.”可知，回答者建议在两件衣服中选择其一，either…or…符合语境，故选A。 4．C 【解析】句意：你可以选择黑色的钢笔或者红色的钢笔——两者都很好。 考查词汇辨析。as well也，通常用于句末；too也，用于肯定句末；either也，用于否定句末尾，两者中的任何一个，常与 or 搭配，构成either...or...要么……要么……；also也，用于句中。根据“the black pen or the red one”可知，这里表示在两者中选择其一，应用either。故选C。 5．B 【解析】句意：要么珍妮要么安将和你一起去超市，因为她们中的一个必须帮忙准备聚会。 考查连词短语辨析。Neither…nor…既不……也不……，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则；Either…or…要么……要么……，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则；Not only…but also…不仅……而且……，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则；Both…and………和……都，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。根据“because one of them must help with the party preparation.”可知，她们中的一个必须帮忙准备聚会，所以只能有一个人去超市，因此此处表达的是“要么珍妮要么安将和你一起去超市”，所以应该用Either…or…。故选B。 6．A 【解析】句意：无论是吉姆还是我都不会轻易违背我们的承诺。所以我们的同学喜欢和我们做朋友。   考查主谓一致和动词时态。break打破；breaks打破（第三人称单数）；was breaking正在打破；broke打破（过去式）。neither...nor遵循就近原则，I是第一人称，根据“Neither Jim nor I”可知主语是复数概念，且句子陈述一般事实用现在时，谓语动词需用原形。故选A。 7．B 【解析】句意：吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过法国，但他们对这个国家非常了解。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。has gone to去了某地，主语为第三人称单数；has been to去过某地，主语是第三人称单数；have gone to去了某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数；have been to去过某地，主语为第一人称或者是复数。根据“Neither Jim nor Tom ... France before”可知，吉姆和汤姆以前没去过法国，表示“去过某地”应用have/has been to；“neither... nor...”连接两个主语时，遵循“就近原则”，Tom是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故选B。 8．D 【解析】句意：记住，成功和失败都不是你的最终结果。它们只是你生活的一部分。 考查并列连词辨析。both...and两者都； not only...but also不但……而且；either...or要么……要么；neither...nor既不……也不。根据“They are just parts of your life.”可知，它们只是你生活的一部分，因此成功和失败都不是最终结果，应用neither...nor。故选D。 9．D 【解析】句意：——我听说不仅你的父亲而且你的母亲都喜欢看京剧。——是的，就像北京的许多老人一样。 考查连词短语辨析。both...and...表示“两者都”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；either...or...意为“要么……要么……” ，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；neither...nor...意思是“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词同样遵循“就近原则”；not only...but also..表示“不仅……而且……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词也遵循“就近原则” 。 本句中谓语动词“likes”为第三人称单数形式，所以排除“both...and...”；根据答语“Right, just as many old people do in Beijing.”可知，爸爸和妈妈都喜欢看京剧，“either...or...”和“neither...nor...”不符合语境，“not only...but also...”表示递进关系，符合“两者都喜欢”的语境。故选D。 10．A 【解析】句意：不仅汤姆而且他的父母都去过北京。 考查主谓一致和现在完成时。have been to去过某地，已回来；has been to用于主语是第三人称单数时；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；has gone to用于主语是第三人称单数时。根据“Not only Tom but also his parents…to Beijing.”可知，Not only…but also…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，这里靠近谓语的主语是his parents，谓语动词用复数形式，而汤姆和他的父母去过北京，现在已经回来了，用have been to符合语境，故选A。 11．C 【解析】句意：——看完电视上的《我的阿勒泰》后，我迫不及待想亲自去阿勒泰看看。——为什么不参加即将到来的暑假研学游呢？将有不同的线路供学生选择去新疆旅行。 考查there be句型将来时。is going to be将有，单数；are going to have错误结构；will be将有；will have错误结构。根据“routes”和there be结构可知，用will be符合。故选C。 12．C 【解析】句意：几年前，这所房子后面有一些大树。    考查there be句型的时态和主谓一致。are/is一般现在时，分别对应复数/单数主语；were/was：一般过去时，分别对应复数/单数主语。根据时间状语“years ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语“some big trees”为复数，be动词应用were。故选C。 13．A 【解析】句意：厨房里有一些牛肉和许多西红柿。     考查主谓一致。is是，单数形式；are是，复数形式；has有，第三人称单数形式；hav有，原形。本句为There be句型，缺少be动词，在There be句型中，谓语动词的单复数遵循 “就近原则”，即与离它最近的名词保持一致。此处最近的名词是 some beef，为不可数名词，谓语动词用 is。故选 A。 14．C 【解析】句意：——在你的城市里有图书馆吗？——是的，有。我经常在那里读书。 考查一般疑问句。Yes, it is是的，它是；No, it isn’t不，它不是；Yes, there is是的，有；No, there isn’t不，没有。根据“Is there a library in your city?”可知，这是there be句型的一般疑问句，其肯定回答是“Yes, there is”，否定回答是“No, there isn’t”。再根据“I often read books there.”可知，此处是肯定回答，表示城市里有图书馆。故选C。 15．A 【解析】句意：这里有一些关于我们学校的好消息。 考查主谓一致。根据“Here…some good news about our school.”可知，此处指的是这里有一些好消息，为here be句型，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“news”，不可数名词，be动词为“is”。故选A。 16．B 【解析】句意：——杰克，这是我全家的两张好照片。——哇！太棒了。 考查be动词。句子主语是two nice photos of my family，be动词用are。故选B。 17．C 【解析】句意：这里有一条裤子在沙发上。 考查Here be句型和名词单复数。is单数，are复数。shoe“鞋”、shorts“短裤”和trouser“裤子”都属于成双成对出现的名词，要用复数形式，所以排除选项A；根据“a pair of”可知，这里指一条，是单数，所以第一空用is，排除BD，故选C。 18．C 【解析】句意：——我给你打电话了，但你没接。——哦，抱歉。我当时正和朋友在电影院看《维和防暴队》。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“I called you but you didn’t answer me.”可知，指的是那时候正在看电影，所以应用过去进行时，此句主语是together with前的I，be动词用was。故选C。 19．D 【解析】句意：——Amy和她姐姐去过美国的自由女神像吗？——是的，只去过一次。 考查主谓一致及时态。have/has been to去过某地；have/has been in在某地停留一段时间。根据“Amy with her sister”可知，核心主语是Amy，with her sister为伴随状语，因此助动词需用Has，排除选词A和B；根据答句“Yes, only once.”可知，强调“去过”的经历，需been to，故选D。 20．A 【解析】句意：杰克和他的朋友们明天打算去电影院看一部新电影。 考查时态。根据“tomorrow”可知，句子要用一般将来时，其结构为“be going to do”或“will do”；主语是with前的Jack，为单数，be动词使用is。故选A。 21．A 【解析】句意：——Tom和他的朋友们都对机器人很感兴趣。——他们经常在一起制作机器人模型。 考查主谓一致。is用于主语为第三人称单数；are用于主语为复数；was为is和am的过去式；were为are的过去式。根据语境可知，谈论的是一般的状况，句子用一般现在时；主语后有 as well as 连接的其他名词时，谓语动词的数由第一个主语决定；句子主语是Tom，第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 22．C 【解析】句意：——历史和体育在中学变得越来越重要。——我们应该更加重视它们。 考查主谓一致和动词搭配。主语是“History as well as PE”，其中“as well as”连接两个名词时，谓语动词应与其前面的名词（History）保持一致，因此be动词用单数形式。“become important”和“get important”均可表示“变得重要”，但“become”更正式，更符合语境。故选C。 23．D 【解析】句意：教师的工作是教授学生知识，以及帮助改善他们的学习习惯。 考查词义辨析及用法。also也，副词；as well也，副词短语；while然而；as well as和，以及，可用作连词。分析句子成分可知，设空处应填写连词连接“teach students knowledge”和“help improve their study habits”，D选项符合句意及语法要求。故选D。 24．A 【解析】句意：弗兰克对别人不太友好。因此，除了他之外，我所有的同学都收到了彼此送的圣诞礼物。 考查主谓一致以及现在完成时的用法。根据“all my classmates（我的所有同学，复数概念）”以及句子语境可知，这里表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，要用现在完成时，且主语不是第三人称单数，所以要用have got。故选A。 25．B 【解析】句意：山上只有草和树木，它看起来充满了自然的生机。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据“it looks alive with nature”可知，句子时态是一般现在时，排除C和D；根据“but grass and trees”，此处是就远原则，主语是三单，covers符合句意，故选B。 26．D 【解析】句意：除了汤姆和迈克之外，每个人都曾经去过伦敦。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。have been to去过（已回来）；have gone to去了（还未回来）。根据“before”可知，已经回来，用结构have been to；根据“Everyone except Tom and Mike”可知，此处except连接的成分作主语时，遵循“就远原则”，谓语动词和Everyone保持一致，助动词用has。故选D。 27．C 【解析】句意：除了汤姆和迈克，每个人以前都去过伦敦。 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。have been to去过（已回来）；have gone to去了（还未回来）。根据“before”可知已经回来，用结构have been to；根据“Everyone except Tom and Mike”可知此处except连接的成分作主语时，遵循“就远原则”，谓语动词和Everyone保持一致，助动词用has。故选C。 28．D 【解析】句意：龙舟赛已经成为全世界很受欢迎的运动，包括美国的纽约和波士顿等城市。 本题考查词性和词义辨析。句子有谓语动词has been ，空格处不能用作动词，include是动词，常作谓语，意为“包括;包含”；including是介词，意为“包括，包含”，位于名词或代词之前；included被包括，位于名词或代词后。此处作状语，位于名词短语the US cities之前，用介词including。故选D。 29．B 【解析】句意：亨特先生要去参观博物馆，而不是他的朋友们。 本题考查主谓一致。Not only; but also不仅，而且，连接并列主语，谓语用就近原则；B. /; rather than而不是，连接并列主语，谓语用就远原则；C. Both; and……和……两者都，连接并列主语，谓语用复数形式；D. Neither; nor既不，也不，连接并列主语，谓语用就近原则；谓语is going to visit是第三人称单数，主语根据Mr. Hunt判断，因此用就远原则，故选B。 30．A 【解析】试题分析：句意：将要去打扫这个房间的人是他，而不是我。rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与rather than前面的名词或代词在时态和数上保持一致。故选 A 考点：考查主谓一致。 31．D 【解析】句意：每个方法都被尝试了，但是没有一个证明是成功的。 考查主谓一致及现在完成时的被动语态。means是单复数同形的名词，单复数取决于修饰词。“means”用“every”修饰，说明是单数，故谓语用单数，且“means”和“try”是被动关系，用has been tried，第二空的prove是连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。故选D。 32．B 【解析】句意：——300英镑够Lisa买新自行车吗？——当然，相当够。 考查一般疑问句和副词短语。固定短语sth be enough for sb to do sth“某物对某人来说做某事是足够了”。英语中金钱，距离等为一个整体作主语，谓语动词用单数。句子主语是300 pounds“三百英镑”，此处表示一个整体，be动词用is；第二个空to do不定式，to buy。故选B。 33．C 【解析】句意：我计划下个月去北京旅行，我认为3000元足够了。 考查主谓一致和时态。“3000 yuan”作为金额整体时，视为单数概念，谓语动词需用单数形式；根据“I plan”和“and”可知，“and”前后时态一致，句子为一般现在时态，所以be动词填is。故选C。 34．A 【解析】句意：——鲍勃，快点！我们只有15分钟了。——哦，爸爸，15分钟就够了。 考查主谓一致。根据“15 minutes ... enough for us.”可知，表示金钱、时间、距离、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式；主语“15 minutes”是一个整体，be动词用is。故选A。 35．A 【解析】句意：三年时间很短。所以我们必须珍惜我们一起工作的时间。 考查动词辨析和主谓一致。is是，be动词的单三；are是，be动词的复数；has有，动词单三；have有，动词原形。根据“Three years...a short time”可知三年是一段很短的时间，故此处用be动词，主语是Three years，表示时间，be动词用is。故选A。 36．B 【解析】句意：——爸爸，我才听了40分钟的音乐。听音乐对我们有好处。——四十分钟够了。现在你必须做作业了。 考查主谓一致。根据“Forty minutes”可知，时间作主语，谓语动词用三单形式，时态是一般现在时，所以用is，故选B。 37．B 【解析】句意：警方正在到处寻找那个走失的孩子。 考查主谓一致。police是集体名词，通常表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。句子时态为现在进行时，所以be动词用are。故选B。 38．B 【解析】句意：格林一家住在一个大城市里。 考查动词形式。lives居住（第三人称单数形式）；live居住（动词原形）；living居住（现在分词）；to live居住（动词不定式）。句子为一般现在时。根据句意可知，主语“The Greens”表示“格林一家”，是复数形式，谓语动词用live。故选B。 39．C 【解析】句意：——你喜欢你的社区吗？——是的。这里的生活很轻松，周围的人也很友好。 考查be动词的用法。am主语为I；is主语为第三人称单数；are主语为第二人称或第一、三人称复数；be是动词原形。“people around”作主语，可知此处people是复数，复数主语对应的be动词形式是are。故选C。 40．B 【解析】句意：珍妮的家庭现在正在公园放风筝。 考查主谓一致。句子主语是“Jenny’s family”，指一个家庭，是单数名词，be动词用is，故选B。 41．B 【解析】句意：我们学校老师的数量是400，他们中百分之六十是女老师。 考查主谓一致。the number of作主语，谓语动词用单数；“ sixty percent of them”分数作主语时，be动词与of后名词决定，them指代teachers in our school，be动词用are。故选B。 42．A 【解析】句意：——你认为富人总是很高兴吗？——我不知道。 考查主谓一致。the rich指“富人”，表示一个群体，be动词用are。故选A。 43．B 【解析】句意：老年人比年轻人更会感到寒冷。 考查感官动词和主谓一致。结合语境和主语“The old老年人”可知，当“the+形容词”作主语表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数，排除选项A和C。本句中“feel感到”属于系动词，一般不用进行时态。故选B。 44．B 【解析】句意：近年来，在习主席的领导下，我国的穷人越来越少。 考查主谓一致。根据题干可知“the+形容词”表示一类人，作句子主语时，谓语动词用复数，根据语境和句意可知近年来，中国的穷人越来越少，故时态用现在进行时，所以填are。故选B。 45．B 【解析】句意：池塘里有许多鱼。 考查主谓一致。is为be动词的单数；are为be动词的复数；have拥有，动词原形；has拥有，动词三单。根据“There...a lot of fish in the pond.”可知为There be句型，表示“存在，有”；“a lot of fish”意为“许多鱼”，为句子的主语，是复数，fish单复数同形，根据“主谓一致”可知，be动词应用are。故选B。 46．C 【解析】句意：这里有你一些花。 考查主谓一致。“here is/are…”表示“这里有……”。“here is”后接单数，“here are”后跟复数。some flowers表示复数，故用“here are”，故选C。 47．A 【解析】句意：这些鱼已经死了一段时间了。你最好马上煮了它们。 考查现在完成时。根据“for some time”可知动词应用延续性动词，而die“死亡”是非延续性动词，排除BC；根据“cook them”可知此处“The fish”是复数，助动词用have。故选A。 48．C 【解析】句意：看！一些羊正在湖边吃草。 考查现在进行时。根据“Look!”可知句子为现在进行时，其结构为：am/is/are+动词的现在分词。根据“Some sheep”可知主语为复数名义，be动词应用are。故选C。 49．A 【解析】句意：在过去的五年里，美国狗公园的数量增加了40%。    考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in the past 5 years”可知，句子应用现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词；主语“The number of dog parks”强调“数量”，是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式has increased，故选A。 50．B 【解析】句意： 地球上蓝鲸的数量最近下降了。必须做点什么拯救它们。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“recently”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，B项符合。故选B。 51．C 【解析】句意：——这条牛仔裤是蓝色的吗?——是的，我喜欢蓝色。这条牛仔裤对我来说很好看。 考查主谓一致。this/a pair of...短语作主语时，应被视为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；the jeans是复数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式。故选C。 52．D 【解析】句意：——这条裤子多少钱？——30元。 考查特殊疑问句。根据“How much…cost?”可知本句是特殊疑问句，句中含有实义动词cost，时态为一般现在时，主语“ this pair of trousers”是第三人称单数，所以疑问句中需要借助助动词does，故选D。 53．A 【解析】句意：她和她的同学经常把旧书捐给学校图书馆。这让他们开心。 考查动词时态。give away捐赠。句中有时间副词“often”，表明动作是经常发生的，需用一般现在时，主语是“She and her classmates”，因此谓语动词需用动词原形。故选A。 54．B 【解析】句意：操场的左边是新的图书馆和阅览室。有许多有用的书供我们阅读。 考查主谓一致。第一句的主语是the new library and the reading rooms，图书馆和阅览室是一个整体，be动词要用单数；第二句的主语a number of useful books为复数，be动词用are。故选B。 55．A 【解析】句意：汤姆和他的父母去了美国。他们将在两周后回来。 考查时态及主谓一致。have gone to去了某地（未归）；have been to曾经去过（已返回）。根据“They…back in two weeks.”可知，此处指将在两周后回来，此处应用一般将来时，且表示他们去了美国还未归来；根据第一个空所在句的主语为“Tom and his parents”可知，A项符合。故选A。 56．B 【解析】句意：当你访问外国时，有良好的举止是必要的。    考查主谓一致。are是，一般现在时复数形式；is是，一般现在时单数形式；were复数过去式；was单数过去式。主语为“Having good manners”，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。结合语境可知，句子描述的是一般性情况，应用一般现在时。故选B。 57．B 【解析】句意：运动给我们能量，让我们感觉强壮。 考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。“Doing sports” 是动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 ，所以第一空用 “gives” ；“make sb. do sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “使某人做某事” ，所以第二空用 “feel” ，故选B。 58．D 【解析】句意：——这些花多么漂亮！——是啊！那位女士一有空就会照顾它们。 考查一般现在时。took一般过去时；is taking现在进行时；will take一般将来时；takes一般现在时。根据“whenever she has time”可知，应用一般现在时，表示一种习惯性或经常发生的动作。故选D。 59．D 【解析】句意：——昨天的篮球训练你为什么没来？——因为有一个重要的考试。 考查There be句型的一般过去时。主语“an important examination”是单数，且根据“yesterday”可知动作发生在过去，be动词用was。故选D。 60．D 【解析】句意：由于去年的特殊情况，我们学校约三分之二的学生在家通过互联网上课。 考查分数的表达以及主谓一致和时态。空一处表示分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母需用复数，因此此处三分之二应表示为two thirds；“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致，of后the students是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式，且根据“last year”可知，时态用一般过去时，因此be用were。故选D。 61．C 【解析】句意：——你认为这儿的环境怎么样？——好极了！五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖着。 考查分数的表达及用法。英语中分数表达方式为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1的时候，分母要加s，五分之二应表达为two fifths；“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与名词的数保持一致，结合land为不可数名词，所以be动词用其三单形式is。故选C。 62．B 【解析】句意：新加坡大约四分之三的人口是中国人。 考查主谓一致。is第三人称单数；are名词复数；be动词原形；were过去式，原形are。根据主谓一致规则，当分数修饰population时，动词的数取决于population所指的内容。如果population指整个群体作为整体，用单数；如果强调其中的成员个体，用复数。这里Chinese指人，所以强调个体，切陈述的是客观情况，所以应该用复数are。故选B。 63．B 【解析】句意：这里的环境现在更好了，因为四分之三的土地都被植物覆盖了。 考查分数表达和主谓一致。分数的表达方式为“基数词+序数词”，基数词是分子，序数词是分母，分子大于1时，分母用复数，故 “四分之三” 表达为three fourths；“分数 + of + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词与名词一致，land为不可数名词，谓语用单数is。故选B。 64．B 【解析】句意：两只狗正在为骨头打架。它们每只都想要唯一的骨头。 考查介词辨析和主谓一致。with和；for为了。根据“The two dogs are fighting...the bone.”可知，此处指为了骨头而打架，不是和骨头打架，应用介词for；“each of+代词复数”作主语时，谓语动词多用单数，wants为第三人称单数形式。故选B。 65．D 【解析】句意：当老师到达教室时，孩子们正在安静地阅读。这让老师既惊讶又高兴。 考查时态及主谓一致。根据“When the teacher arrived at the classroom”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，主语为“the children”，be动词用were。故选D。 二、 66． There is 【解析】对照中英文可知，缺少“有”，可以用there be句型，连接并列主语时，遵循“就近原则”；句中时态为一般现在时，根据“a library”可知，be动词用is。故填There；is。 67． There are 【解析】根据所给句意可知，空白处表示“有”，应用there be结构，句中逻辑主语“many preious wild animals”表示复数，此句为一般现在时，be动词用are。故填There；are。 68． doesn’t mean 【解析】根据题干可知，mean表示“意味着”，此处是否定句，句子是一般现在时，主语是动名词，所以需要用doesn’t，后跟动词原形。故填doesn’t；mean。 69． not only 【解析】根据题干可知，空处缺少“不仅……（还）”，应用固定结构not only…(but also)表示。故填not；only。 70． gets along/on well 【解析】get along/on well with“和……相处得很好”，主语she是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填gets；along/on；well。 71． Neither nor 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，既不……也不……：neither...nor...，句首首字母大写，故填Neither；nor。 72． There/Here are 【解析】there/here be“有”，时态是一般现在时，be的形式遵循“就近原则”，距离be动词最近的主语plenty of places of interest是复数，be用are。故填There/Here；are。 73． Is there going to be at the community center 【解析】根据“Yes, there is.”可知，问句是there be句型的一般疑问句，且句中有“next Sunday”时间状语，用一般将来时，be动词is放在句首，首字母需要大写，第一空填Is there going to be；at the community center“在社区中心”，作地点状语。故填Is there going to be；at the community center。 74． The number of 【解析】the number of“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。故填The；number；of。 75． is well worth watching 【解析】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“非常值得一看”；be well worth doing“非常值得做”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“The movie Ne Zha 2”，be动词用is，watch“观看”。故填is；well；worth；watching。 76． but also 【解析】对照中英文可知缺少“还”，此处是not only...but also结构，表示“不仅……而且/还……”，故填but：also。 77． belongs to 【解析】belong to表示“属于”，该句陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语“The Belt and Road”是第三人称单数形式，谓语用单三形式，故填belongs；to。 78． as well as 【解析】根据题意可知，缺少 “和”，as well as意为“也，还”，符合语境，常用来连接两个并列的成分，此处连接两个名词作主语。故填as；well；as。 79． Is to buy 【解析】分析题干可知，主语是“50 yuan”，be动词应用单数is，且句首首字母i大写；enough to do sth.“足够做某事”，不定式表示结果；buy“买”，动词。故填Is；to；buy。 80． are important to 【解析】be important to sb表示“对某人来说很重要”。根据句意可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语my family强调的是成员，谓语动词用复数。故填are；important；to。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$