内容正文:
2025年秋新九年级英语语法重难点释疑与巩固
03.代词的种类与用法
代词的用法
类型
用法
例句
注意事项
人称代词
表示人或事物的称呼,分为主格(作主语)和宾格(作宾语 / 表语)。
主格:She is a teacher.
宾格:Let me help you.
主格在句首作主语,宾格在动词或介词后作宾语。
并列使用时顺序通常为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称(如 you and me)。
物主代词
表示所属关系,分为形容词性物主代词(后接名词)和名词性物主代词(独立使用)。
形容词性:This is my book.
名词性:The book is mine.
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词。
不可与冠词(a/an/the)或指示代词(this/that)连用。
反身代词
表示动作返回主语自身,译为 “自己”,常见结构:by oneself(独自)、enjoy oneself(玩得开心)。
She taught herself English.
They enjoyed themselves at the party.
主语和宾语为同一人 / 物时使用,注意与主语在人称和数上一致(如 I→myself,we→ourselves)。
指示代词
指代人或事物,包括 this(近指单数)、that(远指单数)、these(近指复数)、those(远指复数)。
This is my pen.
Those are their cars.
指代上文提到的事物时,单数用 that,复数用 those(如 The weather here is better than that in Beijing)。
不定代词
不明确指代特定对象,常见词:some/any(一些)、both/either/neither(两者)、all/none(三者及以上)、many/much(许多)等。
Some students like math.
Neither of the answers is correct.
some 多用于肯定句,any 用于否定 / 疑问句;
both 表示 “两者都”,neither 表示 “两者都不”,either 表示 “两者中的任意一个”。
相互代词
表示相互关系,包括 each other(两者之间)和 one another(三者及以上)。
They help each other with homework.
The classmates should care for one another.
可加 -’s 构成所有格(如 each other’s books)。
疑问代词
用于构成特殊疑问句,包括 who(问人,主格)、whom(问人,宾格)、what(问事物)、which(问特定范围的人 / 物)、whose(问所属关系)。
Who is singing?
What do you want to eat?
Whose bag is this?
whom 在口语中可用 who 代替(如 Who/Whom did you meet?);
which 可接名词限定范围(如 Which book do you like?)。
关系代词
引导定语从句,指代先行词并在从句中充当成分,包括 who/whom(指人)、which(指物)、that(指人或物)、whose(指所属关系)。
The man who is talking is my teacher.
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
who 在从句中作主语,whom 作宾语;
that 不能用于非限制性定语从句(如逗号后),且介词后不用 that(如 with which)。
一、人称代词
指代人或事物的代词,分主格(作主语)和宾格(作宾语 / 表语),需根据在句中的成分选择形式。
(一)主格(I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
【用法】在句中作主语,置于动词前。例如:
She often helps her classmates with math.(她经常帮助同学学数学。)
[解析]she 作主语,指代前文提到的女性。
It is important to protect the environment.(保护环境很重要。)
[解析]it 作形式主语,真正主语是不定式短语 to protect the environment。
They will visit the Science Museum next week.(他们下周将参观科学博物馆。)
[解析]they 作主语,指代 “他们” 这一复数概念。
(二)宾格(me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
【用法】在句中作动词或介词的宾语,或用于表语位置。例如:
Could you please pass me the dictionary?(你能把字典递给我吗?)
[解析]me 作动词 pass 的宾语,位于动词后。
The teacher asked them to finish the homework on time.(老师让他们按时完成作业。)
[解析]them 作动词 asked 的宾语,指代 “他们”。
Let us discuss the problem together.(我们一起讨论这个问题吧。)
[解析]us 作动词 let 的宾语,let us 可缩写为 let's。
二、物主代词
表示所属关系,分形容词性物主代词(后接名词)和名词性物主代词(独立使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”)。
(一)形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
【用法】相当于形容词,后接名词作定语。例如:
My father is a doctor, and your father is a teacher.(我父亲是医生,你父亲是教师。)
[解析]my/your 修饰 father,明确所属关系。
The cat is hungry. Please give its food to it.(猫饿了,请给它食物。)
[解析]its 修饰 food,注意 its(它的)与 it's(它是)的区别。
Their school has a large library with thousands of books.(他们的学校有一个藏书数千册的大图书馆。)
[解析]their 修饰 school,表明 “他们的” 学校。
(二)名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs)
【用法】独立使用,后不接名词,相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。
—Is this pencil yours? —No, mine is in the pencil box.(—— 这支铅笔是你的吗?—— 不是,我的在铅笔盒里。)
[解析]yours=your pencil,mine=my pencil。
The blue jacket is his, and the pink one is hers.(蓝色夹克是他的,粉色的是她的。)
[解析]his=his jacket,hers=her jacket,避免重复。
Our classroom is cleaner than theirs.(我们的教室比他们的干净。)
[解析]theirs=their classroom,用于比较结构。
三、反身代词
表示动作返回到主语本身,译为 “自己 / 亲自”,形式为 - SELF(单数)/-SELVES(复数),如 myself, yourself, ourselves 等。例如:
Lily taught herself to play the piano at the age of 8.(莉莉 8 岁自学弹钢琴。)
[解析]herself 作 taught 的宾语,主语 Lily 与宾语为同一人。
We should learn to depend on ourselves, not others.(我们应学会依靠自己,而非他人。)
[解析]ourselves 作 depend on 的宾语,强调 “我们自己”。
Help yourself to some cake, Mary.(玛丽,请随便吃些蛋糕。)
[解析]yourself 用于固定搭配 help oneself to,表示 “请自便”。
四、指示代词
指代特定的人或事物,包括单数 this(这个,近指)、that(那个,远指)和复数 these(这些)、those(那些)。例如:
This is my new mobile phone, and that is my old one.(这是我的新手机,那是我的旧手机。)
[解析]this 指近处的新手机,that 指远处的旧手机。
These flowers are from the garden, and those are from the market.(这些花来自花园,那些来自市场。)
[解析]these 指近处的复数花朵,those 指远处的复数花朵。
—What is that in the sky? —It's a bird.(—— 天空中那个是什么?—— 是一只鸟。)
[解析]that 指代远处天空中的物体,回答用 it 指代单数事物。
五、相互代词
表示两者或多者之间的相互关系,主要有 each other(两者之间)和 one another(三者及以上之间),两者在现代英语中可通用。例如:
The twins often help each other with homework.(这对双胞胎经常互相帮助做作业。)
[解析]each other 用于两者(双胞胎)之间的相互动作。
We should learn from one another and make progress together.(我们应互相学习、共同进步。)[解析]one another 用于三者及以上(“我们” 至少三人)的相互关系。
The classmates care about each other like family members.(同学们像家人一样互相关心。)
[解析]each other 用于复数主语 classmates(多人)之间,强调相互关怀。
六、不定代词
不明确指代特定事物的代词,需根据语境区分词义和用法,常见词包括 some, any, both, all, each, every 等。
(一)some & any(一些)
some用于肯定句,或表邀请 / 请求的疑问句(希望得到肯定回答)。any用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。例如:
I have some interesting stories to share with you.(我有一些有趣的故事想和你分享。)
[解析]肯定句中用 some 修饰可数名词 stories。
There aren't any apples in the basket.(篮子里没有苹果了。)
[解析]否定句中用 any 修饰可数名词 apples。
Would you like some milk?(你想喝点牛奶吗?)
[解析]表邀请的疑问句中用 some,体现希望对方接受的意愿。
(二)both & all(都)
both指两者 “都”,后接复数名词或 of 短语。all指三者或以上 “都”,后接复数名词(表人 / 物)或不可数名词(表整体)。例如:
Both of my brothers are university students.(我的两个哥哥都是大学生。)
[解析]both 指 “两个哥哥”(两者),后接 of 短语。
All the teachers in our school are kind.(我们学校的所有老师都很和蔼。)
[解析]all 指 “所有老师”(三者以上),后接复数名词。
She can speak both French and Spanish.(她既会说法语又会说西班牙语。)
[解析]both 连接两个并列宾语,强调 “两者都”。
(三)each & every(每个)
each强调个体,可接 of 短语,谓语动词用单数。every强调整体,后接单数名词,不接 of(除 every one of)。例如:
Each of the students has a dictionary.(每个学生都有一本字典。)
[解析]each of + 复数名词,谓语动词用单数 has。
Every child needs love and care.(每个孩子都需要爱与关怀。)
[解析]every 修饰单数名词 child,强调整体中的每一个。
The teacher gave each student a prize.(老师给每个学生都发了奖品。)
[解析]each 直接修饰单数名词 student,强调个体。
七、疑问代词
用于构成特殊疑问句,包括 who(谁,主格)、whom(谁,宾格)、what(什么)、which(哪一个)、whose(谁的)。例如:
Who is the girl standing under the tree?(站在树下的女孩是谁?)
[解析]who 作主语,提问人(主格)。
What did you buy for your mother's birthday?(你给妈妈买了什么生日礼物?)
[解析]what 作宾语,提问事物。
Which subject do you prefer, English or Chinese?(你更喜欢哪门学科,英语还是语文?)
[解析]which 在限定范围(英语或语文)中提问,后接名词 subject。
八、关系代词
引导定语从句,指代先行词并在从句中充当成分,包括 who(指人,主格)、whom(指人,宾格)、which(指物)、that(指人 / 物)、whose(表所属关系,相当于先行词的所有格)。例如:
The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师谈话的男人是我父亲。)
[解析]who 在从句中作主语,先行词是 the man(人)。
The girl whom you met yesterday is my classmate.(你昨天遇见的女孩是我的同学。)
[解析]whom 在从句中作宾语(you met whom),先行词是 the girl(人)。
This is the book that I borrowed from the library.(这是我从图书馆借的书。)
[解析]that 在从句中作宾语(borrowed that),先行词是 the book(物)。
The house which they bought last year is very beautiful.(他们去年买的房子很漂亮。)
[解析]which 在从句中作宾语(bought which),先行词是 the house(物)。
Do you know the boy whose father is a scientist?(你认识那个父亲是科学家的男孩吗?)
[解析]whose 在从句中作定语(father 属于 the boy),先行词是 the boy(人)。
The tree whose leaves are red is very rare.(那棵叶子红色的树很稀有。)
[解析]whose 在从句中作定语(leaves 属于 the tree),先行词是 the tree(物)。
附:易混点辨析
(一)it vs. one vs. that
代词
用法
例句
it
指代上文提到的同一事物(同名同物)
I have a pen. It is black.
(我有一支笔,它是黑色的。)
one
指代同类事物中的一个(同名异物,可数名词单数)
I need a pen. Can you lend me one?(我需要一支笔,你能借我一支吗?)
that
指代同类事物中的特指对象(常用于比较结构,可接 of 短语)
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.(北京的天气比广州冷。)
(二)few/a few vs. little/a little
搭配
修饰对象
含义
例句
few
可数名词复数
否定(几乎没有)
There are few eggs left. We need to buy some.(剩下的鸡蛋很少了,我们需要买一些。)
a few
可数名词复数
肯定(有一些)
I have a few friends in this city.(我在这个城市有几个朋友。)
little
不可数名词
否定(几乎没有)
Hurry up! There is little time left.(快点!剩下的时间不多了。)
a little
不可数名词
肯定(有一点)
Add a little sugar to the coffee.(给咖啡加一点糖。)
一、单项选择
1.—Is this your toy car?
—No, it’s not ________. It belongs to ________, my little brother Toby.
A.my; him B.your; his C.my; his D.mine; him
2.Everyone couldn’t understand ________ because he expressed ________ in a strange way.
A.him; himself B.his; him C.himself; him D.him; his
3.You’re not good at English, but you can’t _______.
A.give it to B.give to it C.give it up D.give up it
4.—It’s said that a few foreign English teachers will teach ________ English next term.
—Wow! ________! We can practice our spoken English better then.
A.our; What excited news B.us; How excited the news is
C.us; What exciting news D.our; How exciting the news is
5.—Mary, is this ________ sister’s phone?
—No. ________ is pink.
A.yours; His B.your; Mine C.your; Hers D.yours; Hers
6.China is on ________ way to ________ a strong country in science and technology.
A.her; becoming B.my; become C.her; become D.my; becoming
7.My brother enjoys singing and ________ favorite subject is music.
A.his B.my C.her D.our
8.—Hi, Jim! Is this your phone or Linging’s?
—It’s mine, not ________.
A.her B.she C.hers D.she’s
9.—Could I use your dictionary, Amy?
—Sorry, this is Mary’s dictionary. I left ________ at home.
A.my B.mine C.her D.hers
10.Our travel plans are different from ________ . Let’s discuss ________ together.
A.your; theirs B.yours; their C.yours; them D.your; them
11.Andy met a friend of ________ on the way to the sports center yesterday.
A.he B.him C.himself D.his
12.My daughter got up and dressed ________ quickly when her alarm clock went off.
A.himself B.myself C.yourself D.herself
13.After the senior high school entrance examination, I decided to travel to Lijiang by ________.
A.me B.my C.myself D.mine
14.No matter what happens, students should learn to stay calm and protect _________.
A.they B.them C.themselves D.their
15.—When we meet a difficult problem, we should try our best to solve it by ________.
—Can’t agree more. It can improve our independence.
A.himself B.yourselves C.ourselves D.itself
16.—Where did you get the toy car?
—From Betty. She made it .
A.myself B.herself C.itself D.himself
17.—Where’s Tom? I didn’t see him today.
—Oh, he hurt ______ when he rode to school this morning. He went to see the doctor.
A.he B.him C.his D.himself
18.Teacher: Did your father help you with your English homework last night, David?
David: No, he did it all by ________.
A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself
19.Mike hurt ________ when he climbed the mountain.
A.he B.his C.himself D.him
20.Don’t push ________ too hard. If you’re tired, rest for a while.
A.you B.yourself C.me D.myself
21.—Which of ________ do you prefer, this pen or that one?
—I like this one. It writes more smoothly.
A.these B.that C.this D.those ones
22.Look! ________ elephants are drinking water near the river.
A.This B.That C.These D.It
23.Because of the cold weather, the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ________ in Hefei.
A.those B.ones C.these D.that
24.There are more people in this room than ________ in that one.
A.that B.those C.people D./
25.The girl is flying a kite on ________.
A.so a windy day B.such a windy day
C.such windy day D.so windy day
26.To my surprise, ________ a little boy can draw ________ many beautiful pictures.
A.so; so B.so; such C.such; so D.such; such
27.The Christmas lights in your house are brighter than ________ in my house.
A.that B.this C.those D.these
28.—What’s that in English?
—________ is a jacket.
A.It B.It’s C.This D.That
29.Students who often ask questions during or after class can gain more knowledge than _______________ who seldom ask.
A.this B.that C.these D.those
30.Hurry up! There is ________ time left. We must set out now.
A.few B.little C.a few D.a little
31.My daughter has ________ life goals and one of them is to be a volunteer to help the poor children.
A.a few B.few C.a little D.little
32.We can write on ________ sides of the paper to protect the trees.
A.all B.neither C.either D.both
33.________ of Jim’s classmates like skating. They often play together in winter.
A.Neither B.Either C.All D.None
34.This kind of milk tastes ________, but there is ________ in the fridge, we need to buy some.
A.good; a little B.well; little C.good; little D.good; few
35.—I don’t like these hats. Could you please show me ________ one?
—Sure. We have many new hats.
A.other B.the other C.another D.others
36.The museum has five exhibition halls. Three show ancient art, ______ two display modern works.
A.other B.another C.the other D.the others
37.The talk show was so boring that ______ students paid attention to it.
A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
38.—May I have a cup of coffee, please?
—Coffee? Sorry, there’s________left. We only have some juice now.
A.nothing B.something C.anything D.none
39.—How is the interview going?
—We’re satisfied with two men coming for the interview and _________ have an excellent education background and perfect working experience.
A.neither B.all C.none D.both
40.I’ve been expecting to read the books written by Cao Wenxuan, but I haven’t bought ________ so far.
A.it B.those C.that D.one
41.Many hands make light work. ________ will be achieved unless we work together.
A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything
42.—Each of you has ________ that you’re good at, and your friends have theirs.
—I agree. We should learn from each other.
A.everything B.nothing C.something D.anything
43.—I’m trying to learn painting, but it’s not easy.
—Don’t give up! Each try teaches you ______, like color mixing. It’ll get better!
A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing
44.With a strong will, ________ can stop him from completing the running competition.
A.everything B.nothing C.something D.anything
45.When it comes to teenage problems, ________ seems to have an answer, but finding the right way is not always easy.
A.someone B.everyone C.nobody D.none
46.There is ________ in today’s newspaper.
A.important something B.important anything
C.anything important D.something important
47.________ is better worth my respect than Yuan Longping. He is the pride of China.
A.Someone B.Anyone C.Nobody D.Everybody
48.Jogging is getting popular among young people, for it is good for health and it almost costs ________.
A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything
49.There is _______ with my computer. I will have my uncle repair it this afternoon.
A.wrong something B.something wrong C.nothing wrong D.wrong nothing
50.— You went to Shanghai last week. I wonder ________ you went there with.
— Oh, some of my pen friends.
A.which B.whom C.what D.whose
51.—________ smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?
—A smart kitchen.
A.Whose B.What C.Who’s D.Which
52.You must remember that ________ you do, you should be serious about it.
A.however B.wherever C.whichever D.whatever
53.—With ________ did David go to Shanghai last Sunday?
—His parents.
A.whose B.whom C.what D.which
54.“The notebook has been on the teacher’s desk for two days. ________ is it?” asked the monitor.
A.Who B.Which C.What D.Whose
55.Some trees can join roots together underground and pass food and water to ________.
A.one another B.other C.the other D.another
56.We are in a class like a big family and we should help ________.
A.other B.each other C.the other D.others
57.The two old men often take care of ________.
A.one other B.the other C.another D.each other
58.We are in a class like a big family and we should help ________.
A.others B.another C.the other D.each other
59.Jason and Sean are good friends. They often help _________.
A.another B.other C.the other D.each other
60.They know ________ parents.
A.the other B.each other C.one another D.each other’s
61.—Dad, why is ______ important to have friends?
—Whenever you have difficulties, friends are always there lending you a hand.
A.it B.this C.that D.one
62.Online short video apps like Douyin make ________ more convenient to learn about the world at home.
A.one B.this C.it D.that
63.It is very kind ________ you to help me, but it is very hard ________ you to finish too much work in a short time.
A.for; for B.of; of C. for; of D.of; for
64.We all consider ________ of great importance that we should combine theory with practice.
A.that B.it C.which D.this
65.Many students found ________ quite difficult ________ a script based on the texts we learned.
A.it; writing B.it’s; to write C.it’s; writing D.it; to write
二、完成句子
66.人们相信未来科技会改变我们的生活。
It’s technology can change our lives.
67.对国内外游客来说,体验贵州民族团结大巡游是令人激动的。
It is tourists from all over the world to experience Guizhou Ethnic Unity Parade.
68.好多树叶都变黄了,从树上掉了下来。
leaves turned yellow and fell off (掉落) the tree.
69.例如,我们可以做一些有意义的事情。
, we can do .
70.教机器人跳舞是一件很困难的事情。
us teach robots to dance.
71.读书对于每个人都是必需的,阅读不仅仅是一种爱好,更是一种强大能量!
necessary for everyone to read books. Reading is not just a hobby, it’s also a superpower!
72.在美国,一些人见面时相互拥抱。
In the US, some people hug when they meet.
73.老师给了我一个在班上展示才华的机会。
The teacher to show my talent in the class.
74.学生们认为正确地分类垃圾是必须的。
Students all think that to sort the rubbish correctly.
75.均衡的饮食对我们每个人都很重要。
for all of us to have a balanced diet.
76.他的帐篷里有东西,看起来像是一盏灯。
There’s his tent: it looks like a light.
77.我能看到一堆火,但这个人没在煮任何东西。
I can see a fire, but the man isn’t .
78.任何小事情都值得做好,因为即使最小的行为也可能产生很大的影响。
is worth doing well because even the smallest act can make a big difference.
79.李霞每天花费一个小时的时间去制作自备午餐。
Lixia an hour packed lunch.
80.莫高窟因其独特的美而成为了我最喜欢的地方。
The Mogao Caves are place for their unique beauty.
81.你和智力有缺陷的人交谈有困难吗?
Do you to people with intellectual disabilities?
82.这个想法没有问题。
There is with this idea.
83.如果你的电脑出故障,记得向那些志愿者寻求帮助。
If your computer, remember to ask those volunteers for help.
84.我们需要讨论一些关于我们未来计划的重要事情。
We need to discuss about our future plans.
85.灯太亮了。请把它们关掉。
The lights are too light. Please .
参考答案
一、
1.D
【解析】句意:——这是你的玩具车吗?——不,它不是我的。它属于我的弟弟Toby。
考查代词用法。第一空需用名词性物主代词(相当于“my toy car”的省略);第二空“belongs to”后接宾语,需用人称代词宾格“him”(指代Toby)。故选D。
2.A
【解析】句意:大家都听不懂他说的,因为他用一种奇怪的方式表达自己。
考查代词的用法。him是人称代词宾格,意为“他” ;himself 是反身代词,意为“他自己” ;his是物主代词,可作形容词性物主代词,意为“他的” ,也可作名词性物主代词,意为“他的(东西)”。根据“Everyone couldn’t...a strange way.”可知,空一是作understand的宾语,用人称代词宾格him;空二表示“他表达他自己”,强调自身,用反身代词himself。故选A。
3.C
【解析】句意:你不擅长英语,但你不能放弃。
考查动词短语和代词的位置。give it to把它给……;give to it错误表达;give it up放弃它;give up it错误表达。根据“You’re not good at English, but you can’t”可知,做不擅长的事情是会容易放弃的,此处建议不能轻言放弃,当宾语是代词时,要放在give和up中间。故选C。
4.C
【解析】句意:——据说下学期将有几位外籍英语老师教我们英语。——哇!多么令人兴奋的消息!那时我们可以更好地练习英语口语。
考查代词用法以及感叹句。根据“teach…English”以及结合选项可知,此处指“教我们英语”,teach sb. sth.“教某人某物”,第一空应用宾格us,作宾语,排除A和D选项。感叹句有两种结构:“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”和“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”;结合选项可知,news“新闻”,不可数名词,应用形容词exciting修饰,排除B选项。故选C。
5.C
【解析】句意:——玛丽,这是你姐姐的手机吗?——不,她的是粉色的。
考查代词辨析。yours你的,名词性物主代词;His他的,形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词;Mine我的,名词性物主代词;Hers她的,名词性物主代词。根据“—Mary, is this…sister’s phone? —No. …is pink.”可知,第一空修饰sister’s phone,需用形容词性物主代词your;第二空作主语,指代姐姐的手机,且玛丽为女性,故用名词性物主代词Hers。故选C。
6.A
【解析】句意:中国正在成为科技强国的路上。
考查物主代词及非谓语动词。her她的;my我的。空一处指代China,用her指代;根据“China is on ... way to ... a strong country”可知,空二处to是介词,后跟动名词。故选A。
7.A
【解析】句意:我的哥哥喜欢唱歌,他最喜欢的科目是音乐。
考查代词辨析。his他的;my我的;her她的;our我们的 。根据“My brother”可知,这里说的是哥哥,对应的形容词性物主代词是“his”。故选A。
8.C
【解析】句意:——嗨,吉姆!这是你的手机还是玲玲的?——它是我的,不是她的。
考查代词辨析。her她,人称代词宾格;she她,人称代词主格;hers她的,名词性物主代词;she’s她是。根据“Is this your phone or Linging’s?”以及“It’s mine,”可知,此处指不是玲玲的手机,空后没有名词,应用名词性物主代词。故选C。
9.B
【解析】句意:——艾米,我可以用你的字典吗?——抱歉,这是玛丽的字典。我把我的落在家里了。
考查名词性物主代词。my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;her她的,形容词性物主代词或宾格代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词。根据“this is Mary’s dictionary. I left ... at home.”可知,此处是指我把我的字典落在家里,空后无名词,空处用名词性物主代词mine指代“我的字典”。故选B。
10.C
【解析】句意:我们的旅行计划和你的不同。让我们一起讨论它们吧。
考查代词。your你的,形容词性物主代词;theirs它们的,名词性物主代词;yours你的,名词性物主代词;their它们的,形容词性物主代词;them它们,人称代词宾格。第一空,根据“Our travel plans are different from …”可知,此处是指你的旅行计划,应用yours,排除A和D;第二空,再由“Let’s discuss … together.”可知,此处是指一起讨论旅行计划,应用them指代“travel plans”,排除B。故选C。
11.D
【解析】句意:安迪昨天在去体育中心的路上遇到了他的一个朋友。
考查代词。he他(主格);him他(宾格);himself他自己;his他的。根据“Andy met a friend of”可知,这里需要表示“他的朋友”,因此应该用名词性物主代词“his”构成双重所有格。故选D。
12.D
【解析】句意:当我女儿的闹钟响起时,她迅速起床并自己穿好了衣服。
考查反身代词。himself她自己;myself我自己;yourself你/你们自己;herself她自己。根据“My daughter”可知,句子主语是“我的女儿”,反身代词需与主语保持一致,用herself,故选D。
13.C
【解析】句意:高考后,我决定自己去丽江旅游。
考查代词。me我;my我的;myself我自己;mine我的。by oneself“独自”,是固定搭配。故选C。
14.C
【解析】句意:无论发生什么事,学生们都应该学会保持冷静并保护自己。
考查反身代词。they他们,主格;them他们,宾格;themselves他们自己;their他们的。根据“students should learn to”可知,此处指学生要学会保护自己,当主语和宾语是同一人时,应该用反身代词。故选C。
15.C
【解析】句意:——当我们遇到难题时,我们应该尽力自己解决。——我完全同意。它可以提高我们的独立性。
考查反身代词。himself他自己;yourselves你们自己;ourselves我们自己;itself它本身。主语为“we”,这里需要填入与主语一致的反身代词,C项符合。故选C。
16.B
【解析】句意:——你从哪里弄来的玩具车?——从Betty那里。她自己做的。
考查反身代词。myself我自己;herself她自己;itself它自己;himself他自己。根据“She made it...”可知,这里描述的是Betty自己做了玩具车,因此需要用反身代词hersel来表示“她自己”。故选B。
17.D
【解析】句意:——Tom在哪里?我今天没见到他。——哦,他今天早上骑车上学时伤到了自己。他去看医生了。
考查反身代词。he他;him他;his他的;himself他自己。主语和宾语是同一人称,宾语用反身代词。故选D。
18.C
【解析】句意:老师:David,你爸爸昨晚帮你做英语作业了吗?David:不,他一个人做的。
考查反身代词。myself我自己;yourself你自己;himself他自己;herself她自己。根据“he did it all by...”可知,主语是he,应用反身代词himself。故选C。
19.C
【解析】句意:迈克在爬山时伤到了自己。
考查代词辨析。he他(主格);his他的(形容词性物主代词);himself他自己(反身代词);him他(宾格)。根据“Mike hurt”可知,这里需要表示伤到了他自己。故选C。
20.B
【解析】句意:别对自己太苛刻。如果你累了,就休息一会儿。
考查代词辨析。you宾格代词;yourself反身代词;me宾格代词;myself反身代词。根据“If you’re tired,”可知,此句语境是劝对方别给自己太大压力;yourself意为“你自己”,push yourself too hard表示“对自己要求太苛刻;给自己施加太大压力”,即劝对方别过度逼迫自己,符合语境。故选B。
21.A
【解析】句意:——这支笔和那支笔,你更喜欢哪一支?——我喜欢这支。它书写起来更顺滑。
考查代词辨析。these这些;that那个;this这个;those ones那些。根据下文“this pen or that one?”可知,表示两者选其一,空处应用复数代词these,those ones表达重复。故选A。
22.C
【解析】句意:看!这些大象正在河边喝水。
考查代词辨析。This这个;That那个;These这些;It它。根据“elephants”可知,修饰名词复数,应用these。故选C。
23.A
【解析】句意:由于寒冷的天气,哈尔滨的学生比合肥的学生寒假时间更长。
考查代词辨析。those那些,指代同类不同物,表特指,为复数形式;ones指代上文提到的同类事物中的一些,是泛指,不特指;these这些;that那个,指代同类不同物,表特指,为单数形式。根据“the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ... in Hefei.”可知,比较的主体是两地的学生,同类不同物,空格处指代的是合肥特定的那些学生,因此应用those指代。故选A。
24.B
【解析】句意:这个房间里的人比那个房间里的人多。
考查代词。that用于替代单数名词或不可数名词;those那些,替代前面提到的名词复数;people人们;/不填。根据“There are more people in this room than ... in that one.”可知,此句为比较句型,题干中“people”为复数形式,需要“those”指代。故选B。
25.B
【解析】句意:这个女孩在这么大风的天气放风筝。
考查such和so的用法区别。such修饰名词或名词短语,即 such a +形容词+名词;so修饰形容词或副词,结构为 so +形容词+ a +名词;介词on后需接具体某一天,如“on a sunny day”。选项B的“such a windy day”符合这一用法。故选B。
26.C
【解析】句意:令我惊讶的是,这么小的男孩居然能画这么多漂亮的画。
考查so、such的用法。so和such都翻译为“如此”;后边的名词是由many、much、few、little等词修饰的话,则不用such,而使用so。根据“a little boy”表示“一个小男孩”,所以第一空用“such”,再根据“many beautiful pictures”表示“许多漂亮的画”,所以第二空用“so”。故选C。
27.C
【解析】句意:你家的圣诞灯比我家的那些圣诞灯更亮。
考查代词。that那个;this这个;those那些;these这些。句子比较的是两家的圣诞灯,且“Christmas lights”是复数形式,因此需要用复数代词“those”来指代前面提到的Christmas lights,表示“比我家的那些圣诞灯更亮”。故选C。
28.A
【解析】句意:——那个用英语怎么说?——它是一件夹克衫。
考查指示代词。It它;It’s它是;This这个;That那个。回答问句“What’s that/this in English?”时,要用it代替that或this,用“It is a/an …”回答。故选A。
29.D
【解析】句意:经常在课上或课后提问的学生比很少提问的学生能获得更多的知识。
考查代词辨析。this这个;that那个;these这些;those那些。根据语境可知,此处指那些很少提问的学生,在比较结构中指代名词复数用those。故选D。
30.B
【解析】句意:——快点!剩下的时间不多了。我们现在必须出发了。
考查代词辨析。few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数,表示否定含义;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词,表示否定含义;a few几个,修饰可数名词复数,表示肯定含义;a little一点,修饰不可数名词,表示否定含义。time“时间”,为不可数名词,排除A项和C项;根据“We must set out now.”可知,几乎没有时间了,所以要现在出发,表示否定含义,排除D项。故选B。
31.A
【解析】句意:我女儿有几个人生目标,其中之一就是成为一名志愿者,帮助贫困儿童。
考查不定代词。a few一些,修饰可数名词;few很少,修饰可数名词;a little一些,修饰不可数名词;little少的,修饰不可数名词。空处修饰可数名词复数形式life goals,且根据“one of them”可知,是有一些人生目标。故选A。
32.D
【解析】句意:我们可以在纸的两面写字来保护树木。
考查不定代词辨析。all所有(三者及以上);neither两者都不;either两者中任一;both两者都。根据“sides of the paper to protect the trees”和环保目的可知,此处表示“两面都用”,用both符合语境。故选D。
33.C
【解析】句意:吉姆的所有同学都喜欢滑冰。他们经常在冬天一起玩。
考查普通不定代词。Neither两者都不;Either两者中任一个;All都,三者或三者以上;None三者或三者以上都不。根据“They often play together in winter.”可知,他们经常在冬天一起玩,所以此处表达“吉姆的所有同学都喜欢滑冰”,all“都”符合句意。故填C。
34.C
【解析】句意:这种牛奶味道很好,但是冰箱里几乎快没了,我们需要买一些。
考查形容词和代词。good好的,形容词;well好,副词;little几乎没哟,修饰不可数名词;a little一点,修饰不可数名词;few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数。taste是感官系动词,其后跟形容词作表语,所以第一空用good;根据“we need to buy some”可知,要买一下,应是冰箱里几乎没有了,第二空表示否定意义,且修饰不可数名词milk,所以用little。故选C。
35.C
【解析】句意:—— 我不喜欢这些帽子。你能再给我看一顶吗?—— 当然。我们有很多新帽子。
考查点不定代词的用法。other其他的;别的,后接可数名词复数;the other(两者中的)另一个 ;another(三者或三者以上中的)另一个;又一个,后接可数名词单数;others另外几个,是other的复数形式 。根据“I don’t like these...one?”可知,说话者不喜欢现有的这些帽子,想让对方展示更多帽子中的另一顶,且空后有“one”(指代帽子,为可数名词单数 ),应用another。故选C。
36.D
【解析】句意:博物馆有五个展厅。三个展示古代艺术,另外两个展示现代作品。
考查代词辨析。other其他的;another另一个;the other特指两者中的另一个;the others特指其余的全部。根据“The museum has five exhibition halls. Three show ancient art, …two display modern works.”可知,此处特指剩余部分的表达,且“two”明确数量,故空格处需用the others。故选D。
37.C
【解析】句意:这个脱口秀太无聊了以至于很少学生注意它。
考查不定代词辨析。little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词;a little一点儿,修饰不可数名词;few 几乎没有,修饰可数名词;a few一些,修饰可数名词。students是可数名词复数,排除AB选项;根据“boring”可知,应是很少有人注意,用few。故选C。
38.D
【解析】句意:——请给我一杯咖啡好吗?——咖啡吗?对不起,没有了。我们现在只有一些果汁了。
考查不定代词。nothing没有什么;something某事;anythingr任何东西;none没有一个、毫无。根据“We only have some juice now.”可知,没有咖啡了,此处是强调数量上的没有,应用none。故选D。
39.D
【解析】句意:——面试进展如何?——我们很高兴有两个人来面试,他们都有很好的教育背景和完美的工作经验。
考查代词辨析。neither两者都不;all三者或以上都;none三者或以上都不;both两者都。根据“We’re satisfied with two men coming for the interview”可知,是这两个人都有很好的教育背景和完美的工作经验。故选D。
40.D
【解析】句意:我一直想读曹文轩写的书,但至今还没买一本。
考查代词辨析。it指代同名同物;those为复数代词;that指代同名异物,表特指;one指代同名异物,表泛指。根据“I’ve been expecting to read the books written by Cao Wenxuan, but I haven’t bought...so far.”可知,此处指想读曹文轩写的书,但是至今还没买任何一本他的书,表示同类事物中的“一个”,且是泛指,应用one。故选D。
41.A
【解析】句意:人多好办事。除非我们共同努力,否则将一事无成。
考查代词辨析。Nothing没有什么;Anything任何事情;Something某些事情;Everything所有事情。根据“will be achieved unless we work together.”可知,指的是如果合作不好,就没有什么事能够完成,nothing符合语境。故选A。
42.C
【解析】句意:——你们每个人都有自己擅长的东西,而你们的朋友也有他们擅长的。——我同意。我们应该互相学习。
考查不定代词辨析。everything每件事,所有事物;nothing没有什么,没有一件东西;something某事,某物,一般用于肯定句中;anything任何事物,一般用于否定句或疑问句中。根据语境可知,此处是在说每个人都有自己擅长的东西,且句子为肯定句,所以应该用something。故选C。
43.A
【解析】句意:——我在努力学画画,但这并不容易。——别放弃!每一次尝试都能教会你一些东西,比如调色。情况会变好的!
考查不定代词辨析。something某事;everything每件事;anything任何事物;nothing没有什么。根据“Each try teaches you…like color mixing.”可知,根据不同颜色的占比可以调出不同的颜色,每次尝试能教会你一些东西。故选A。
44.B
【解析】句意:有了坚强的意志,没有什么能阻止他完成跑步比赛。
考查代词辨析。everything任何事;nothing没有事情;something一些事;anything任何事。根据“With a strong will, ... can stop him from completing the running competition.”可知,此处表达他意志坚定,没有什么事情可以阻止他完成跑步比赛。故选B。
45.B
【解析】句意:当涉及青少年问题时,似乎每个人都有答案,但找到正确的方法并不总是容易的。
考查不定代词辨析。someone某人;everyone每个人;nobody没有人;none没有任何人/物。根据“seems to have an answer”和“but…not always easy”的对比逻辑,可知前半句应表达“似乎人人都有解决方案”,强调普遍性,故选B。
46.D
【解析】句意:今天的报纸上没有什么重要的东西。
考查不定代词及形容词的用法。important重要的;something某事,一般用于肯定句中,以及表示请求建议等含义的疑问句中;anything任何事,一般用于否定及疑问句中,排除选项B、C,形容词修饰不定代词时,常放于不定代词之后。故选D。
47.C
【解析】句意:没有人比袁隆平更值得我尊敬。他是中国的骄傲。
考查代词辨析。Someone某人;Anyone任何人;Nobody没有人;Everybody每个人。根据“is better worth my respect than Yuan Longping. He is the pride of China.”可知,此处是说“没有人”比袁隆平更值得我尊敬。故选C。
48.C
【解析】句意:慢跑在年轻人中越来越受欢迎,因为它对健康有益,而且几乎不花费任何钱。
考查代词。anything任何事;something某事;nothing没有什么;everything一切。根据“Jogging”可知,慢跑几乎不花费任何钱。故选C。
49.B
【解析】句意:我的电脑出了一些问题。今天下午我要让我叔叔修理它。
考查不定代词。wrong something错误表达;something wrong有问题;nothing wrong没有问题;wrong nothing错误表达。根据后句“I will have my uncle repair it this afternoon.”可知电脑存在问题,且形容词修饰不定代词时需后置,故选B。
50.B
【解析】句意:——你上周去了上海。我想知道你和谁一起去的。——哦,我的一些笔友。
考查宾语从句的引导词。which“哪个”,用于在某个范围内进行选择;whom“谁”,在句中作宾语,指代人;what“什么”,用于询问事物;whose“谁的”,表示所属关系。根据“some of my pen friends”可知,这是和说话者一起去上海的人,whom“谁”符合语境。故选B。
51.D
【解析】句意:——你最喜欢哪个智能设备,智能马桶、水龙头还是厨房?——智能厨房。
考查特殊疑问句。Whose谁的;What什么;Who’s谁是;Which哪一个,用于在两个或多个事物之间进行选择。根据“…smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?”可知,此处询问对方最喜欢哪个智能设备,应用Which“哪一个”。故选D。
52.D
【解析】句意:你必须记住无论你做什么,你都应该认真对待。
考查状语从句。however不管怎样;wherever任何地方;whichever无论哪个;whatever无论什么。根据“...you do, you should be serious about it”可知,应表达无论你做什么,应用whatever引导让步状语从句。故选D。
53.B
【解析】句意:——上周日David和谁去的上海。 ——他父母。
考查特殊疑问词辨析。whose谁的;whom谁(宾格);what什么;which哪一个。由答语“His parents.”可推测是就人提问,而且此空在with后面,需要用宾格。故选B。
54.D
【解析】句意:“笔记本在老师的桌子上已经放了两天了。这是谁的?” 班长问。
考查特殊疑问句。Who谁,问人;Which哪一个,问事物;What什么,问事情;Whose谁的,问物主。根据“‘The notebook has been on the teacher’s desk for two days...is it?’asked the monitor.”可知,笔记本在老师桌子上放了两天了,而班长在问问题,此处应是问笔记本属于谁。whose符合语境。故选D。
55.A
【解析】句意:有些树可以在地下把根连在一起,互相传递食物和水。
考查代词辨析。one another彼此,互相;other其他的;the other两者中的另一个;another三者或三者以上中的另一个。根据“Some trees can join roots together underground and pass food and water to...”可知,此处表达根连在一起的树会“彼此”传递营养。故选A。
56.B
【解析】句意:我们在一个就像一个大家庭的班级,我们应该互相帮助。
考查代词辨析。other其他的;each other互相;其他人或物;the other两者中的另一个;others其他的人或物。根据“We are in a class like a big family and we should help...”可知,一个家庭中的人应该互相帮助。故选B。
57.D
【解析】句意:这两位老人经常互相照顾。
考查代词的用法。one other另外一个;the other表示两者中的另一个;another表示三者或三者以上中的另一个;each other互相。根据“The two old men often take care of...”可知,这两位老人经常互相照顾。故选D。
58.D
【解析】句意:我们在一个就像一个大家庭的班级,我们应该互相帮助。
考查代词辨析。others其他人或物;another多者中的另一个;the other两者中的另一个;each other互相。根据“We are in a class like a big family and we should help”可知一个家庭中的人应该互相帮助。故选D。
59.D
【解析】句意:杰森和肖恩是好朋友。他们经常互相帮助。
考查代词辨析。another三者或三者以上中的另一个;other其他的;the other两者中的另一个;each other互相。根据“They often help...”可知,他们经常互相帮助。故选D。
60.D
【解析】句意:他们认识彼此的父母。
考查代词。the other两者中的另一个;each other互相;one another互相;each other’s彼此的。根据“They know...parents.”可知此处是指彼此的父母,BC选项不符合,应用each other’s,名词所有格形式修饰parents。故选D。
61.A
【解析】句意:——爸爸,为什么朋友很重要?——每当你有困难时,朋友总是在那里伸出援助之手。
考查代词辨析。it它;this这个;that那个;one一个。根据“Dad, why is …important to have friends?”可知,此处为固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.,用it作为形式主语,代替后面的动词不定式短语to have friends。故选A。
62.C
【解析】句意:抖音这样的在线短视频应用让人们在家里了解世界变得更加方便。
考查代词辨析。one一个;this这个;it它;that那个。根据“make…more convenient to learn about the world at home.”可知,make it+形容词+to do sth.“使做某事……的”,it在这里作形式宾语,故选C。
63.D
【解析】句意:你帮助我真是太好了,但对你来说,短时间内完成太多工作很困难。
考查固定句型。It is +形容词+ of/for sb. to do sth.“对某人来说做某事是……”。当形容词用于描述人的固有特质时,用of,当形容词用于说明客观情况对某人的影响时,用for。第一空kind修饰人的品质,用of;第二空hard用于说明事情,用for。故选D。
64.B
【解析】句意:我们都认为理论与实践相结合非常重要。
考查代词。that那个;it它;which哪一个;this这个。consider后接宾语,此处使用it作形式宾语,that从句作真正的宾语。故选B。
65.D
【解析】句意:许多学生发现很难根据我们所学的课文写一个剧本。
考查代词it和动词不定式作宾语。find it adj. to do sth 觉得做某事……,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式,故选D。
二、
66. believed that
【解析】根据中英文句子对比可知,英文句子需要表达“人们相信”这一含义,对应常用句型It’s believed that...,其中it作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正主语,表示“被相信……”。 故填believed;that。
67. exciting for
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,“令人激动的”对应的英文是exciting,“对……来说”用介词for引出对象。句子结构为It is+adj+for sb to do sth,表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”。故填exciting;for。
68. Quite a few
【解析】根据中英文对照可知空格处缺“好多”的英文翻译。根据“leaves”可知此处修饰可数名词复数,可以使用many/quite a few修饰可数名词复数。根据所给空格可知此处要用短语quite a few,quite位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Quite;a;few。
69. For example something meaningful
【解析】根据句意可知,空白处缺少“例如”、“有意义的事情”;for example“例如”,位于句首,首字母大写;该句为肯定句,用something“某事”,不定代词,meaningful“有意义的”,形容词,修饰不定代词时需要后置,something meaningful“有意义的事情”。故填For;exampl;something;meaningful。
70. It’s difficult/hard for to
【解析】根据句意可知,此句想要表达“对某人来说做某事是……的”这一含义,在英语中常用“It’s + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.”这一结构来表达。其中,“It”作为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式“to teach robots to dance”;“difficult”或“hard”作为形容词,表示“困难的”;“for us”表示“对我们来说”。故填It’s;difficult/hard;for;to。
71. It is
【解析】It’s+形容词+for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……的”,固定句型,此处需用it 作为形式主语,时态是一般现在时,be动词用is。故填It;is。
72. each other
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“相互”的英文each other,固定短语。故填each;other。
73. gave me a chance
【解析】给某人某物:give sb. sth.;句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式;我:me;一个机会:a chance。故填gave;me;a;chance。
74. it is necessary
【解析】此处是“it is+形容词+to do sth.”结构,意为“做某事是……的”,其中it是形式主语,真正主语是动词不定式;necessary“必须的”,形容词作表语。故填it;is;necessary。
75. It’s important
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺“很重要”。“It’s+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是一个常用句型,表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”,这里用It作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的“to have a balanced diet”,“重要的”是“important”。故填It’s;important。
76. something in/inside
【解析】something“某物,东西”,常用于肯定句中,in/inside“在里面”。故填something;in/inside。
77. cooking anything
【解析】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“煮任何东西”,cook“煮”,应用现在分词形式,构成现在进行时;anything“任何东西”。故填cooking;anything。
78. Anything small
【解析】结合中英文提示可知,此处缺“任何小事情”。anything“任何事”,复合不定代词;small“小的”,形容词,且修饰复合不定代词时形容词需后置,且句首首字母大写。故填Anything;small。
79. It takes to make
【解析】结合句意和设空情况判断使用句式:It takes sb. some time to do sth.短语“自备午餐”是make packed lunch,故填It;takes;to;make。
80. my favourite/favorite
【解析】根据英汉句子可知,空格处缺少“我最喜欢的”的英文。“我”在这里作定语修饰“place”,应使用形容词性物主代词“my”;“最喜欢的”英文表达是“favourite” 或“favorite”。故填my;favourite/favorite。
81. have any trouble talking
【解析】根据所给句意可知,空白处表示“做某事有麻烦”,用短语have some trouble doing sth.,根据助动词“Do”可知,“have”用原形;此句为疑问句,some变成any;和某人交谈“talk to sb.”,故填have;any trouble;talking。
82. nothing wrong
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,句中缺少“没有问题”的表达。常用短语是“nothing wrong with”,表示“没有问题”。故填nothing;wrong。
83. there’s something wrong with
【解析】对照中英文可知缺少“出故障”,“某物出故障”there’s something wrong with sth,故填there’s;something;wrong;with。
84. something important
【解析】根据汉语提示,可知所缺部分为“重要的事情”,英语为“something important”,形容词作定语修饰不定代词时,放在不定代词后面。故填something;important。
85. turn them off
【解析】turn off“关掉”,句子是祈使句,please后跟动词原形;them“它们”,turn off是动副短语,them置于中间。故填turn;them;off。
4 / 4
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
2025年秋新九年级英语语法重难点释疑与巩固
03.代词的种类与用法
代词的用法
类型
用法
例句
注意事项
人称代词
表示人或事物的称呼,分为主格(作主语)和宾格(作宾语 / 表语)。
主格:She is a teacher.
宾格:Let me help you.
主格在句首作主语,宾格在动词或介词后作宾语。
并列使用时顺序通常为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称(如 you and me)。
物主代词
表示所属关系,分为形容词性物主代词(后接名词)和名词性物主代词(独立使用)。
形容词性:This is my book.
名词性:The book is mine.
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词。
不可与冠词(a/an/the)或指示代词(this/that)连用。
反身代词
表示动作返回主语自身,译为 “自己”,常见结构:by oneself(独自)、enjoy oneself(玩得开心)。
She taught herself English.
They enjoyed themselves at the party.
主语和宾语为同一人 / 物时使用,注意与主语在人称和数上一致(如 I→myself,we→ourselves)。
指示代词
指代人或事物,包括 this(近指单数)、that(远指单数)、these(近指复数)、those(远指复数)。
This is my pen.
Those are their cars.
指代上文提到的事物时,单数用 that,复数用 those(如 The weather here is better than that in Beijing)。
不定代词
不明确指代特定对象,常见词:some/any(一些)、both/either/neither(两者)、all/none(三者及以上)、many/much(许多)等。
Some students like math.
Neither of the answers is correct.
some 多用于肯定句,any 用于否定 / 疑问句;
both 表示 “两者都”,neither 表示 “两者都不”,either 表示 “两者中的任意一个”。
相互代词
表示相互关系,包括 each other(两者之间)和 one another(三者及以上)。
They help each other with homework.
The classmates should care for one another.
可加 -’s 构成所有格(如 each other’s books)。
疑问代词
用于构成特殊疑问句,包括 who(问人,主格)、whom(问人,宾格)、what(问事物)、which(问特定范围的人 / 物)、whose(问所属关系)。
Who is singing?
What do you want to eat?
Whose bag is this?
whom 在口语中可用 who 代替(如 Who/Whom did you meet?);
which 可接名词限定范围(如 Which book do you like?)。
关系代词
引导定语从句,指代先行词并在从句中充当成分,包括 who/whom(指人)、which(指物)、that(指人或物)、whose(指所属关系)。
The man who is talking is my teacher.
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
who 在从句中作主语,whom 作宾语;
that 不能用于非限制性定语从句(如逗号后),且介词后不用 that(如 with which)。
一、人称代词
指代人或事物的代词,分主格(作主语)和宾格(作宾语 / 表语),需根据在句中的成分选择形式。
(一)主格(I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
【用法】在句中作主语,置于动词前。例如:
She often helps her classmates with math.(她经常帮助同学学数学。)
[解析]she 作主语,指代前文提到的女性。
It is important to protect the environment.(保护环境很重要。)
[解析]it 作形式主语,真正主语是不定式短语 to protect the environment。
They will visit the Science Museum next week.(他们下周将参观科学博物馆。)
[解析]they 作主语,指代 “他们” 这一复数概念。
(二)宾格(me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
【用法】在句中作动词或介词的宾语,或用于表语位置。例如:
Could you please pass me the dictionary?(你能把字典递给我吗?)
[解析]me 作动词 pass 的宾语,位于动词后。
The teacher asked them to finish the homework on time.(老师让他们按时完成作业。)
[解析]them 作动词 asked 的宾语,指代 “他们”。
Let us discuss the problem together.(我们一起讨论这个问题吧。)
[解析]us 作动词 let 的宾语,let us 可缩写为 let's。
二、物主代词
表示所属关系,分形容词性物主代词(后接名词)和名词性物主代词(独立使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”)。
(一)形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
【用法】相当于形容词,后接名词作定语。例如:
My father is a doctor, and your father is a teacher.(我父亲是医生,你父亲是教师。)
[解析]my/your 修饰 father,明确所属关系。
The cat is hungry. Please give its food to it.(猫饿了,请给它食物。)
[解析]its 修饰 food,注意 its(它的)与 it's(它是)的区别。
Their school has a large library with thousands of books.(他们的学校有一个藏书数千册的大图书馆。)
[解析]their 修饰 school,表明 “他们的” 学校。
(二)名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs)
【用法】独立使用,后不接名词,相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。
—Is this pencil yours? —No, mine is in the pencil box.(—— 这支铅笔是你的吗?—— 不是,我的在铅笔盒里。)
[解析]yours=your pencil,mine=my pencil。
The blue jacket is his, and the pink one is hers.(蓝色夹克是他的,粉色的是她的。)
[解析]his=his jacket,hers=her jacket,避免重复。
Our classroom is cleaner than theirs.(我们的教室比他们的干净。)
[解析]theirs=their classroom,用于比较结构。
三、反身代词
表示动作返回到主语本身,译为 “自己 / 亲自”,形式为 - SELF(单数)/-SELVES(复数),如 myself, yourself, ourselves 等。例如:
Lily taught herself to play the piano at the age of 8.(莉莉 8 岁自学弹钢琴。)
[解析]herself 作 taught 的宾语,主语 Lily 与宾语为同一人。
We should learn to depend on ourselves, not others.(我们应学会依靠自己,而非他人。)
[解析]ourselves 作 depend on 的宾语,强调 “我们自己”。
Help yourself to some cake, Mary.(玛丽,请随便吃些蛋糕。)
[解析]yourself 用于固定搭配 help oneself to,表示 “请自便”。
四、指示代词
指代特定的人或事物,包括单数 this(这个,近指)、that(那个,远指)和复数 these(这些)、those(那些)。例如:
This is my new mobile phone, and that is my old one.(这是我的新手机,那是我的旧手机。)
[解析]this 指近处的新手机,that 指远处的旧手机。
These flowers are from the garden, and those are from the market.(这些花来自花园,那些来自市场。)
[解析]these 指近处的复数花朵,those 指远处的复数花朵。
—What is that in the sky? —It's a bird.(—— 天空中那个是什么?—— 是一只鸟。)
[解析]that 指代远处天空中的物体,回答用 it 指代单数事物。
五、相互代词
表示两者或多者之间的相互关系,主要有 each other(两者之间)和 one another(三者及以上之间),两者在现代英语中可通用。例如:
The twins often help each other with homework.(这对双胞胎经常互相帮助做作业。)
[解析]each other 用于两者(双胞胎)之间的相互动作。
We should learn from one another and make progress together.(我们应互相学习、共同进步。)[解析]one another 用于三者及以上(“我们” 至少三人)的相互关系。
The classmates care about each other like family members.(同学们像家人一样互相关心。)
[解析]each other 用于复数主语 classmates(多人)之间,强调相互关怀。
六、不定代词
不明确指代特定事物的代词,需根据语境区分词义和用法,常见词包括 some, any, both, all, each, every 等。
(一)some & any(一些)
some用于肯定句,或表邀请 / 请求的疑问句(希望得到肯定回答)。any用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。例如:
I have some interesting stories to share with you.(我有一些有趣的故事想和你分享。)
[解析]肯定句中用 some 修饰可数名词 stories。
There aren't any apples in the basket.(篮子里没有苹果了。)
[解析]否定句中用 any 修饰可数名词 apples。
Would you like some milk?(你想喝点牛奶吗?)
[解析]表邀请的疑问句中用 some,体现希望对方接受的意愿。
(二)both & all(都)
both指两者 “都”,后接复数名词或 of 短语。all指三者或以上 “都”,后接复数名词(表人 / 物)或不可数名词(表整体)。例如:
Both of my brothers are university students.(我的两个哥哥都是大学生。)
[解析]both 指 “两个哥哥”(两者),后接 of 短语。
All the teachers in our school are kind.(我们学校的所有老师都很和蔼。)
[解析]all 指 “所有老师”(三者以上),后接复数名词。
She can speak both French and Spanish.(她既会说法语又会说西班牙语。)
[解析]both 连接两个并列宾语,强调 “两者都”。
(三)each & every(每个)
each强调个体,可接 of 短语,谓语动词用单数。every强调整体,后接单数名词,不接 of(除 every one of)。例如:
Each of the students has a dictionary.(每个学生都有一本字典。)
[解析]each of + 复数名词,谓语动词用单数 has。
Every child needs love and care.(每个孩子都需要爱与关怀。)
[解析]every 修饰单数名词 child,强调整体中的每一个。
The teacher gave each student a prize.(老师给每个学生都发了奖品。)
[解析]each 直接修饰单数名词 student,强调个体。
七、疑问代词
用于构成特殊疑问句,包括 who(谁,主格)、whom(谁,宾格)、what(什么)、which(哪一个)、whose(谁的)。例如:
Who is the girl standing under the tree?(站在树下的女孩是谁?)
[解析]who 作主语,提问人(主格)。
What did you buy for your mother's birthday?(你给妈妈买了什么生日礼物?)
[解析]what 作宾语,提问事物。
Which subject do you prefer, English or Chinese?(你更喜欢哪门学科,英语还是语文?)
[解析]which 在限定范围(英语或语文)中提问,后接名词 subject。
八、关系代词
引导定语从句,指代先行词并在从句中充当成分,包括 who(指人,主格)、whom(指人,宾格)、which(指物)、that(指人 / 物)、whose(表所属关系,相当于先行词的所有格)。例如:
The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师谈话的男人是我父亲。)
[解析]who 在从句中作主语,先行词是 the man(人)。
The girl whom you met yesterday is my classmate.(你昨天遇见的女孩是我的同学。)
[解析]whom 在从句中作宾语(you met whom),先行词是 the girl(人)。
This is the book that I borrowed from the library.(这是我从图书馆借的书。)
[解析]that 在从句中作宾语(borrowed that),先行词是 the book(物)。
The house which they bought last year is very beautiful.(他们去年买的房子很漂亮。)
[解析]which 在从句中作宾语(bought which),先行词是 the house(物)。
Do you know the boy whose father is a scientist?(你认识那个父亲是科学家的男孩吗?)
[解析]whose 在从句中作定语(father 属于 the boy),先行词是 the boy(人)。
The tree whose leaves are red is very rare.(那棵叶子红色的树很稀有。)
[解析]whose 在从句中作定语(leaves 属于 the tree),先行词是 the tree(物)。
附:易混点辨析
(一)it vs. one vs. that
代词
用法
例句
it
指代上文提到的同一事物(同名同物)
I have a pen. It is black.
(我有一支笔,它是黑色的。)
one
指代同类事物中的一个(同名异物,可数名词单数)
I need a pen. Can you lend me one?(我需要一支笔,你能借我一支吗?)
that
指代同类事物中的特指对象(常用于比较结构,可接 of 短语)
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.(北京的天气比广州冷。)
(二)few/a few vs. little/a little
搭配
修饰对象
含义
例句
few
可数名词复数
否定(几乎没有)
There are few eggs left. We need to buy some.(剩下的鸡蛋很少了,我们需要买一些。)
a few
可数名词复数
肯定(有一些)
I have a few friends in this city.(我在这个城市有几个朋友。)
little
不可数名词
否定(几乎没有)
Hurry up! There is little time left.(快点!剩下的时间不多了。)
a little
不可数名词
肯定(有一点)
Add a little sugar to the coffee.(给咖啡加一点糖。)
一、单项选择
1.—Is this your toy car?
—No, it’s not ________. It belongs to ________, my little brother Toby.
A.my; him B.your; his C.my; his D.mine; him
2.Everyone couldn’t understand ________ because he expressed ________ in a strange way.
A.him; himself B.his; him C.himself; him D.him; his
3.You’re not good at English, but you can’t _______.
A.give it to B.give to it C.give it up D.give up it
4.—It’s said that a few foreign English teachers will teach ________ English next term.
—Wow! ________! We can practice our spoken English better then.
A.our; What excited news B.us; How excited the news is
C.us; What exciting news D.our; How exciting the news is
5.—Mary, is this ________ sister’s phone?
—No. ________ is pink.
A.yours; His B.your; Mine C.your; Hers D.yours; Hers
6.China is on ________ way to ________ a strong country in science and technology.
A.her; becoming B.my; become C.her; become D.my; becoming
7.My brother enjoys singing and ________ favorite subject is music.
A.his B.my C.her D.our
8.—Hi, Jim! Is this your phone or Linging’s?
—It’s mine, not ________.
A.her B.she C.hers D.she’s
9.—Could I use your dictionary, Amy?
—Sorry, this is Mary’s dictionary. I left ________ at home.
A.my B.mine C.her D.hers
10.Our travel plans are different from ________ . Let’s discuss ________ together.
A.your; theirs B.yours; their C.yours; them D.your; them
11.Andy met a friend of ________ on the way to the sports center yesterday.
A.he B.him C.himself D.his
12.My daughter got up and dressed ________ quickly when her alarm clock went off.
A.himself B.myself C.yourself D.herself
13.After the senior high school entrance examination, I decided to travel to Lijiang by ________.
A.me B.my C.myself D.mine
14.No matter what happens, students should learn to stay calm and protect _________.
A.they B.them C.themselves D.their
15.—When we meet a difficult problem, we should try our best to solve it by ________.
—Can’t agree more. It can improve our independence.
A.himself B.yourselves C.ourselves D.itself
16.—Where did you get the toy car?
—From Betty. She made it .
A.myself B.herself C.itself D.himself
17.—Where’s Tom? I didn’t see him today.
—Oh, he hurt ______ when he rode to school this morning. He went to see the doctor.
A.he B.him C.his D.himself
18.Teacher: Did your father help you with your English homework last night, David?
David: No, he did it all by ________.
A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself
19.Mike hurt ________ when he climbed the mountain.
A.he B.his C.himself D.him
20.Don’t push ________ too hard. If you’re tired, rest for a while.
A.you B.yourself C.me D.myself
21.—Which of ________ do you prefer, this pen or that one?
—I like this one. It writes more smoothly.
A.these B.that C.this D.those ones
22.Look! ________ elephants are drinking water near the river.
A.This B.That C.These D.It
23.Because of the cold weather, the students in Harbin have a longer winter holiday than ________ in Hefei.
A.those B.ones C.these D.that
24.There are more people in this room than ________ in that one.
A.that B.those C.people D./
25.The girl is flying a kite on ________.
A.so a windy day B.such a windy day
C.such windy day D.so windy day
26.To my surprise, ________ a little boy can draw ________ many beautiful pictures.
A.so; so B.so; such C.such; so D.such; such
27.The Christmas lights in your house are brighter than ________ in my house.
A.that B.this C.those D.these
28.—What’s that in English?
—________ is a jacket.
A.It B.It’s C.This D.That
29.Students who often ask questions during or after class can gain more knowledge than _______________ who seldom ask.
A.this B.that C.these D.those
30.Hurry up! There is ________ time left. We must set out now.
A.few B.little C.a few D.a little
31.My daughter has ________ life goals and one of them is to be a volunteer to help the poor children.
A.a few B.few C.a little D.little
32.We can write on ________ sides of the paper to protect the trees.
A.all B.neither C.either D.both
33.________ of Jim’s classmates like skating. They often play together in winter.
A.Neither B.Either C.All D.None
34.This kind of milk tastes ________, but there is ________ in the fridge, we need to buy some.
A.good; a little B.well; little C.good; little D.good; few
35.—I don’t like these hats. Could you please show me ________ one?
—Sure. We have many new hats.
A.other B.the other C.another D.others
36.The museum has five exhibition halls. Three show ancient art, ______ two display modern works.
A.other B.another C.the other D.the others
37.The talk show was so boring that ______ students paid attention to it.
A.little B.a little C.few D.a few
38.—May I have a cup of coffee, please?
—Coffee? Sorry, there’s________left. We only have some juice now.
A.nothing B.something C.anything D.none
39.—How is the interview going?
—We’re satisfied with two men coming for the interview and _________ have an excellent education background and perfect working experience.
A.neither B.all C.none D.both
40.I’ve been expecting to read the books written by Cao Wenxuan, but I haven’t bought ________ so far.
A.it B.those C.that D.one
41.Many hands make light work. ________ will be achieved unless we work together.
A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything
42.—Each of you has ________ that you’re good at, and your friends have theirs.
—I agree. We should learn from each other.
A.everything B.nothing C.something D.anything
43.—I’m trying to learn painting, but it’s not easy.
—Don’t give up! Each try teaches you ______, like color mixing. It’ll get better!
A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing
44.With a strong will, ________ can stop him from completing the running competition.
A.everything B.nothing C.something D.anything
45.When it comes to teenage problems, ________ seems to have an answer, but finding the right way is not always easy.
A.someone B.everyone C.nobody D.none
46.There is ________ in today’s newspaper.
A.important something B.important anything
C.anything important D.something important
47.________ is better worth my respect than Yuan Longping. He is the pride of China.
A.Someone B.Anyone C.Nobody D.Everybody
48.Jogging is getting popular among young people, for it is good for health and it almost costs ________.
A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything
49.There is _______ with my computer. I will have my uncle repair it this afternoon.
A.wrong something B.something wrong C.nothing wrong D.wrong nothing
50.— You went to Shanghai last week. I wonder ________ you went there with.
— Oh, some of my pen friends.
A.which B.whom C.what D.whose
51.—________ smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?
—A smart kitchen.
A.Whose B.What C.Who’s D.Which
52.You must remember that ________ you do, you should be serious about it.
A.however B.wherever C.whichever D.whatever
53.—With ________ did David go to Shanghai last Sunday?
—His parents.
A.whose B.whom C.what D.which
54.“The notebook has been on the teacher’s desk for two days. ________ is it?” asked the monitor.
A.Who B.Which C.What D.Whose
55.Some trees can join roots together underground and pass food and water to ________.
A.one another B.other C.the other D.another
56.We are in a class like a big family and we should help ________.
A.other B.each other C.the other D.others
57.The two old men often take care of ________.
A.one other B.the other C.another D.each other
58.We are in a class like a big family and we should help ________.
A.others B.another C.the other D.each other
59.Jason and Sean are good friends. They often help _________.
A.another B.other C.the other D.each other
60.They know ________ parents.
A.the other B.each other C.one another D.each other’s
61.—Dad, why is ______ important to have friends?
—Whenever you have difficulties, friends are always there lending you a hand.
A.it B.this C.that D.one
62.Online short video apps like Douyin make ________ more convenient to learn about the world at home.
A.one B.this C.it D.that
63.It is very kind ________ you to help me, but it is very hard ________ you to finish too much work in a short time.
A.for; for B.of; of C. for; of D.of; for
64.We all consider ________ of great importance that we should combine theory with practice.
A.that B.it C.which D.this
65.Many students found ________ quite difficult ________ a script based on the texts we learned.
A.it; writing B.it’s; to write C.it’s; writing D.it; to write
二、完成句子
66.人们相信未来科技会改变我们的生活。
It’s technology can change our lives.
67.对国内外游客来说,体验贵州民族团结大巡游是令人激动的。
It is tourists from all over the world to experience Guizhou Ethnic Unity Parade.
68.好多树叶都变黄了,从树上掉了下来。
leaves turned yellow and fell off (掉落) the tree.
69.例如,我们可以做一些有意义的事情。
, we can do .
70.教机器人跳舞是一件很困难的事情。
us teach robots to dance.
71.读书对于每个人都是必需的,阅读不仅仅是一种爱好,更是一种强大能量!
necessary for everyone to read books. Reading is not just a hobby, it’s also a superpower!
72.在美国,一些人见面时相互拥抱。
In the US, some people hug when they meet.
73.老师给了我一个在班上展示才华的机会。
The teacher to show my talent in the class.
74.学生们认为正确地分类垃圾是必须的。
Students all think that to sort the rubbish correctly.
75.均衡的饮食对我们每个人都很重要。
for all of us to have a balanced diet.
76.他的帐篷里有东西,看起来像是一盏灯。
There’s his tent: it looks like a light.
77.我能看到一堆火,但这个人没在煮任何东西。
I can see a fire, but the man isn’t .
78.任何小事情都值得做好,因为即使最小的行为也可能产生很大的影响。
is worth doing well because even the smallest act can make a big difference.
79.李霞每天花费一个小时的时间去制作自备午餐。
Lixia an hour packed lunch.
80.莫高窟因其独特的美而成为了我最喜欢的地方。
The Mogao Caves are place for their unique beauty.
81.你和智力有缺陷的人交谈有困难吗?
Do you to people with intellectual disabilities?
82.这个想法没有问题。
There is with this idea.
83.如果你的电脑出故障,记得向那些志愿者寻求帮助。
If your computer, remember to ask those volunteers for help.
84.我们需要讨论一些关于我们未来计划的重要事情。
We need to discuss about our future plans.
85.灯太亮了。请把它们关掉。
The lights are too light. Please .
4 / 4
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$