英语(十)-【步步为赢】2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末综合冲刺卷

第二节 7.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Idon't think 参考范文： people should let age discourage them,even on those Paragraph 1: jobs that require some amount of physical fitness. On that Sunday,I paid a visit to Willard's 知，Peggy Whitson认为人们不应被年龄所击败，即使 family.On entering his house,I was surprised to find a 是从事那些对身体健康状况有一定要求的工作。由 barely empty room with only a broken bed and a dirty 此可知她会说当你老了的时候，你也可以微一些需要 second-hand sofa.Willard told me that his mother died a 体力的事情。故选A。 few years ago and that his father was missing,leaving him to live with a sick grandma.When asked why he 【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类说明文，主要介绍了章 had given the two quarters,Willard mumbled."There 金机器人的优点和投入应用的可能性。 are people poorer than me,so I just want to do some 8.A细节理解题。从第一段中的“Traditionally,robots help by contributing my milk money."Hearing his have been hard,made of metal'”以及“has managed to words,I couldn't help bursting into tears.I thought I build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration should help him break his silence. from an octopus'”可知，机器人Octobot最特殊的特点是 Paragraph 2: 柔软。故选A项。 The next day,I had a special class for Willard.I9.D细节理解题。分析第二段倒数第一、二句可知，传 shared his story with the whole class and said,"Now. 统机器人的缺点是：在糟糕的地形或者不可预知的情 on behalf of the people in need,I should say thank you, 况下，表现不是那么好；对人类不是特别安全。因此， Willard.You are great!"After a silence,all the D项（它们不能一直表现得很好）符合题意。故选 students clapped,saying,"Willard,you are great! D项。 Willard,you are great!"and they walked slowly to him 10.D细节理解题。从例数第二段中的“it's still a and hugged him tightly.A friendly relationship was built grand challenge to construct flexible versions of and Willard's silence was broken by a smile on his face. essential parts,such as a source of power'”可知，最大 高一下学期期末综合冲刺卷·英语（十） 的挑战之一是制造机器人Octobot的柔性电源。故选 D项。 第一部分听力（略） 11.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句 第二部分阅读 "Although soft robotics is still in its early stage,it 第一节 holds great promise for several applications,such as search-rescue operations and exploration”可推知，机 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几本不同的书的 器人Octobot还设有应用到授救领域。故选B项。 信息。 D 1,A细节理解题。根据本题设问谁写的书能教你做饭 12.B词义猜测题。画线部分前一句提到“And those 可知，是Martha Stewart。故选A。 benefits include a longer life.”每周锻炼几次的益处 2.C细节理解题。Mighty Jack这本书讲述了小男孩Jack 包括长寿，所以该句指的是每周锻炼是可以降低死 的奇妙生活经历，如果读者想看这本书，需要支付$14 亡风险的。A.Loss失去：B.Death死亡：C.Sadness 15。故选C. 难过：D.Failure失败。故B选项正确。 3.D细节理解题。根据Zeroes by Scott Westerfeld, 13.D细节理解题。由文中第二段的“The World Margo Lanagan,Deborah Biancotti可知，Zeroes是由 Health Organization recommends that adults 三位作家一起完成的，故选D。 perform two and a half hours of moderate-intensity B (中等强度的)physical exercise,or an hour and25 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了最年长的女 minutes of more energetic exercise per week.”以及 宇航员纪录保持者Peggy Whitson在太空的体验以及她 例数第二段的"Weekend warrior'exercise sessions 积极向上的心态。 are usually 75-minute energetic workouts,according 4.B词义猜测题。根据第三段中Whitson的话可知， to the study.”可知，这些weekend warriors要比那 她认为人们不应该被年龄所击败，以57岁“高龄”进 些每周锻炼几次的人更精力充沛，强度更大，才能获 行太空飞行是一件很正常的事情，因此她对自己创下 得益处，才能够有效。故D选项正确。 的纪录并不感到惊讶。由此可知画线词义为“平常：14.B推理判断题。根据文中倒数第三段的“The lower 的”。故选B。 risks of cardiovascular disease and overall death were 5.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“breaking the similar to the risks of people who worked out regularly record last November when she began her third long- over the week.”可知，每周进行一次高强度的镀炼与一 term stay at the International Space Station.After 周进行几次规律的锻炼的效果是相似的。故B选项 returning home in September,2017”可知，从20l6年 正确 11月到2017年9月，Peggy Whitson在国际空间站待！15.A推理判断题。根据文中最后一段的“So,if you 了300天左右的时间。故选A。 are just too busy on weekdays,let go of the guilt( 6.D细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，2017年 疚)，Just make sure to hit the gym hard at Peggy Whitson57岁，她在42岁和48岁时也进行过 weekends.”可知，并不是只有周末锻炼就没有用，事 太空飞行，由此可知这两次飞行分别发生在2002年 实上，周末锻炼对健康也能起到很大的作用。故A 和2008年。故选D. 选项正确。 19 第二节 43.accepted过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory 【语篇解读】跑步对某些人来说很快乐，但是对另一些 (分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关 人则不然。如何跑得更好，本文给出了六条建议。 系)。 16.G本段的主旨是：要坚持。G项（所以如果你要锻 44.which in which he explained his famous theory of 炼到下一个水平层次，要确保你始终坚持)契合本段 evolution是“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句，修 主旨，符合上下文语境。 饰先行词his famous book。 17,E本段的主旨是：学会正确的姿势。上文说明了姿势 45.the形容词最高级前用定冠词the。 不正确会造成的伤害，故选E项（跑步时，头要直，肩膀 第四部分写作 要放松)。 第一节 18.C上句提到空腹跑步不会让你得到适量的能量，但是 参考范文： 吃得太多会导致抽筋。C项（找，点零食提供持续能量） Dear Leslie. 符合语境。 19.F本段的主旨是：要喝水。F项（喝足够的水是确 I'm writing this letter to invite you to the Cultural 保你跑得好的另一种方式)符合本段主旨。 Center of our city to do voluntary work with us on 20.A由下文可知：在路上跑步时不要限制自己提高速 Sunday.which can make our spare time colorful and 度：不跑步时可以做许多事情，比如每次跑步后做做 meaningful. 仲展运动，定期加强力量训练，并且睡眠要充足。A The Cultural Center lies in Zhenxing road,opposite 项（除了跑步，可以做更多的事情）可以概括本段内 Xinhua post office.Since it's newly opened,lots of 容，适合作主旨句。 people are needed to offer help.Meanwhile,it's a good 第三部分语言运用 chance for you to get exposed to the Chinese culture. 第一节 We're expected to help do some cleaning and keep 【语篇解读】本文是一篇关于怎样发明和使用圆珠笔 order.We can also hand out flyers,providing visitors 的文章。 with more detailed information to make their visits more 21.B从上下文判断应选B。 enjoyable.Not only can we help those who need our 22.B用笔写，可用write with pens来表达。 help,but also we can enrich our life. 23.A钢笔里的墨水容易从笔管溢出来，所以选A。 I do hope you can join us.It will be of great benefit 24.D指他在为一家报社工作。 to you.Your early reply is highly appreciated. 25.C at one's desk意思是“坐在桌前”。 Yours. 26.C批改文稿，可用correct pages来表达。 Li Hua 27.B往笔里装墨水，可用fill the pen with ink。这里 第二节 省路了with ink。 参考范文： 28.A用副词well修饰动词write. 29.C由于他发现用钢笔写有麻频，所以他和George Paragraph 1: Sandra drove while I stayed in the back seat trying 开始做实验。 30.D为什么不在末端用一个小圆球？ to comfort Bosco.I thought we lost him a couple of 31.D他们喜欢这个设想。 times when he was seemingly out of breath and his eyes 32.B the time of表示“…的时候”. seemed to close.By the time we arrived,Bosco was 33.C指当时空军正需要这样的笔。 wheeled into the animal care center to receive emergency 34.A句意理解和实际判断相结合，根据the Air Force care.Bosco was put on oxygen and was taken good care 可知选planes。 of by staff there and we waited anxiously for the dog to 35.A他们生产并销售圆珠笔供空军使用，故选sold。 get out of danger.Rinaldi said another dog in Detroit 第二节 Dog Rescue had already been named Bosco,and she 【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。本章介绍了世界著名生 wanted this new member to have a new name for his 物学家达尔文的生平事迹。 new life. 36.looking looking at plants and birds是现在分词短 Paragraph 2: 语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式（分词动作lo0k与逻 So Bosco is now being called Roscoe.whose critical 辑主语之间是主动关系)。 care and recovery were estimated to be several thousand 37.was sent主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被 dollars.It would be difficult for Roscoe's new home to 动语态：这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。 cover the costs as a non-profit organization.Thankfully, 38.scientific空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词 many people who knew Roscoe's story on Detroit Dog studies,故用其形容词形式。 Rescue's Facebook page donated money to his care. 39.poorly空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其 With the help of supporters.Detroit Dog Rescue 副词形式。 managed to make it.Once Roscoe was in a stable state, 40.with be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。 41.tog0 ask sb.to do sth.意思是“让某人做某事”。 Sandra and I returned to our original mission,knowing 42.insects根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填 we had already been given the chance to help one insect的复数形式。 desperate soul. 20高一下学期期末综合冲刺卷·英语（十） (满分：120分) 第一部分听力（略）（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）》 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Everyday Food by Martha Stewart 郑 No matter how busy you are,at the end of the day you want meals that are easy to prepare.And you want lots of choices and variations.You'll find all of that in this book: 250 simple recipes for delicious meals that bring freshness and nutrition. 金 Paperback,published by Random House,$16.79 Zeroes by Scott Westerfeld,Margo Lanagan.Deborah Biancotti New York Times best-selling author Scott Westerfeld teams up with Margo Lanagan and Deborah Biancotti in the book about six teenagers with amazing abilities.These teenagers have powers that set them apart.They can do things ordinary people can't. 的 Paperback,published by Simon &Schuster,$12.99 Mighty Jack 都 by Ben Hatke Jack dislikes summer.But he's got a good reason:summer is when his single mom takes a second job and leaves him at home to watch his sister,Maddy.It's lots of responsibility,and it's boring,too,because Maddy doesn't talk ever.But one day,at the market,Maddy does talk-to tell Jack to trade their mom's car for a box of mysterious 好 seeds.It's the best mistake Jack has ever made. Hardcover,published by First Second,$14.15 翻 Only Daughter by Anna Snoekstra She's caught stealing.She's homeless and on the run.But she happens to look the same as a girl who went missing a decade ago,Rebecca Winter.She assumes Rebecca's identity, using it as a way out.Little does she know her new life as Rebecca is itself a prison and it looks like a killer might be after her. Kindle edition,published by Harlequin Enterprises,$8.88 10-1 1.Who wrote a book to help you cook a meal? A.Martha Stewart.B.Scott Westerfeld.C.Ben Hatke. D.Anna Snoekstra. 2.How much should readers pay for a story about a boy's amazing experience? A.S16.79 B.S12.99 C.S14.15 D.S8.88 3.How is Zeroes different from the rest books? A.It tells a story. B.It's in paperback C.It's quite popular. D.It's a co-written book. B Peggy Whitson's job demands a daily two-hour workout in a gym where weight has no meaning and the view changes at 17,000 miles an hour. Whitson makes it look easy.At 57,she is the oldest woman to fly in space,breaking the record last November when she began her third long-term stay at the International Space Station.After returning home in September,2017,the NASA astronaut felt matter- of-fact about the age milestone(里程碑). "It wasn't a record I was seeking for,"Whitson said."I was 42 and 48 for my first two space flights.I feel lucky that I was able to get to do another one in my 50s.I don't think people should let age discourage them,even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness.The oldest man is John Glenn (at 77),and we've had male astronauts in their 60s before,so it's just a matter of time before women start flying in space at this age.” On the earth,she stays fit by weightlifting,biking,playing basketball and water skiing.She shared what it's like to live in microgravity:"It's like you're in a swimming pool,but you don't have to worry about breathing.If I push off from one side,I'm going to float to the other side.Every direction feels exactly the same,which is really hard for your brain to grasp,but it's amazing how fast you adapt. It's a big shock for the body to come back to Earth-everything is so heavy.We spend a lot of time getting used to being back in gravity again.Back pain was really the most dramatic for me this time.For me,coming home is harder than going up into space." 4.What does the underlined word "matter-of-fact"probably mean in the passage? A.Amazing. B.Natural. C.Enthusiastic. D.Unbelievable. 5.How many days did Peggy Whitson spend for her third stay in the International Space Station? A.About 300 days.B.About 708 days.C.About 107 days.D.About 57 days. 6.According to the passage,which of the following is true? A.Peggy Whitson is the oldest person to fly in space,breaking the record. B.There had been female astronauts flying in space in their 60s before. 10-2 C.Peggy Whitson likes swimming most to stay fit on the earth. D.Peggy Whitson had been in space in 2002 and 2008. 7.Which of the following will Peggy Whitson probably say? A.You can still be successful and do physical things when you get old. B.I spent quite a lot of time getting used to the life in space. C.The moment we reached the earth,we felt so relaxed. D.I feel lucky that I am physically all right after the whole journey. C Traditionally,robots have been hard,made of metal and other rigid material.But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the U.S.has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus(). Described in science journal Nature,the"Octobot"could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search,rescue and exploration."The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft,autonomous robots,"the study's authors wrote.Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don't do so well on rough terrains() or in unpredictable conditions.And they aren't especially safe around humans,because they're made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users. So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades.They've taken inspiration from nature,looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches,which are often made up of more flexible matter. But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge.Even if engineers build a silicone (body,it's still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts,such as a source of power. "Although soft robotics is still in its early stage,it holds great promise for several applications,such as search-rescue operations and exploration,"Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology's Center for Micro-BioRobotics, wrote in a comment."Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and the quality of life. 8.What's the special feature of Octobot? A.It's soft. B.It's made of metal. C.It's very small. D.It looks like an octopus. 9.What's the disadvantage of traditional robots? A.They're hard to control. B.They're too heavy to move. C.They can't predict conditions. D.They can't behave well all the time. 10-3 10.Which is one of the biggest challenges to build Octobot? A.Silicone body. B.Complex components. C.Precise movements. D.Flexible power source. 11.What can we infer about the application of Octobot? A.It has been used in various fields. B.It has not been in the field of rescue. C.It has been used in the field of rescue. D.It has not been improved yet. D Weekend gym rats might be onto something.Weekend warriors,who put recommended amounts of exercise into one or two gym sessions(),experience similar health benefits to those who work out several times a week,according to a new study.And those benefits include a longer life."It is encouraging news that working out in just one or two days per week is connected to a lower risk of demise,even among people who do some activities but don't quite meet recommended exercise levels,"the lead researcher Emmanuel Stamatakis says in a statement. The World Health Organization recommends that adults perform two and a half hours of moderate--intensity(中等a强度的)physical exercise,or an hour and25 minutes of more energetic exercise per week.Usually this is done within several days,with experts suggesting that adults get up to 30 minutes of regular exercise each day.However,the new study suggests that busy people may be able to meet the standards when they have more free time,such as at weekends,and stay healthy all the same. Researchers studied data from more than 63,000 men and women in England and Scotland,including data about their activity habits and risks for death.The researchers put each individual in one of four groups:those who described themselves as inactive,those who exercised but less than what was recommended,those who exercised in the "weekend warrior"style,and those who worked out regularly more than three days a week. Adults who exercised in the "weekend warrior"style had a 40 percent lower risk of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease and a30 percent lower risk of death by any cause than those who did not exercise at all.The lower risks of cardiovascular disease and overall death were similar to the risks of people who worked out regularly over the week. But take a pause before you give up your weekday gym habit.Just a couple of light sessions won't be enough to get benefits."Weekend warrior"exercise sessions are usually 75-minute energetic workouts,according to the study. The results are promising overall,if you just simply can't fit physical activities into most days..The key here is that exercise is truly a lifeline(救生索)：It reduces your risk of illnesses like heart disease,diabetes,cancer and depression,according to the WHO.So,if you are just too busy on weekdays,let go of the guilt().Just make sure to hit the gym hard at weekends. 10-4 12.What does the underlined word "demise"in Paragraph 1 mean? A.Loss. B.Death. C.Sadness. D.Failure. 13.What should "weeekend warriors"do to get benefits? A.Focus on moderate-intensity physical exercise. B.Exercise to meet different physical activity standards. C.Exercise for at least 75 minutes either on Saturday or Sunday. D.Perform more energetically than those who work out regularly. 14.What can we learn from the study? A.We should let go of our guilt. B.Short but hard workouts help as well. C.It's harmful to live a too busy life.D.We'd better do our best to stay healthy. 15.After reading the passage,we can say that people should A.stop feeling bad about only exercising at weekends B.take part in more energetic workouts than before C.work out on both weekdays and weekends D.give up their habit of exercise on weekdays 第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。 For some,running is fun;for others,it's tiresome.But if you're striving to become better,then here are six things you can do to become a better runner. Keep it consistent.If you stop running for a while,then you'll have to build your conditioning back up.16 Sign up for a race and start a training program to track your progress;you'll be able to see how much your hard work has paid off. Learn proper form.It may seem like the simplest way to work out,but running does take skill to make sure you don't make your body easy to injury.17 Dress the part.There's no need to invest in anything fancy,but be sure to spend wisely.The perfect pair of shoes can be light on your feet,and it can also help prevent injuries. Fuel right.Running on an empty stomach can keep you from having the right amount of energy,but eating too much can lead to cramping().18 Timing is everything, however;if you're rushing out the door without eating anything,then go for something with 15 grams which can be digested easily. Drink water.19 Make sure you drink an ounce of water for every 10 pounds of body weight about an hour or two before your workout. 20 Don't limit yourself to improving your pace just while you're on the road.There are many things you can do when you aren't running that can help you,like stretching after every run,strength training regularly and getting enough sleep. 10-5 A.Do more than run B.Have a practical plan C.Look for a small snack for lasting energy. D.Have a good and right amount of breakfast to start your day. E.When running,keep your head straight and relax the shoulders. F.Drinking enough water is another way to ensure you'll have a good run. G.So if you want to take your workout to the next level,make sure you're staying consistent. 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）》 第一节完形填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Ballpoint pens have made life easier for millions of people.At one time 21 did not like their students to 22 with pens.Perhaps it was because pens can leak and it is 23 to spill the ink.And it is hard to write on thin or cheap paper with them. Ladislao Biro 24 for a newspaper in Budapest.He spent all day 25 his desk. Day in and day out,he corrected 26 of thin,cheap paper with a pen and ink.He often had to stop to 27 his pen and it did not write 28 on the thin paper.He and his brother George 29 some experiments.They wanted a pen that did not leak,with ink that did not spill.Why not 30 a little ball at the end? Two Englishmen,Henry Martin and Frederick Miles,like the 31.It was the 32 of the Second World War.The Air Force 33 a non-leak,non-spill pen for the men to write with in 34.Martin and Miles made and 35 many thousands of Biro “writing-sticks'”to the Air Force. 21.A.factories B.schools C.shops D.restaurants 22.A.play B.write C.come D.meet 23.A.easy B.hard C.free D.popular 24.A.left B.waited C.looked D.worked 25.A.0n B.near C.at D.in 26.A.mistakes B.books C.pages D.diaries 27.A.mend B.fill C.brush D.change 28.A.well B.down C.out D.up 29.A.kept B.finished C.began D.studied 30.A.find B.wear C.grow D.use 31.A.matter B.result C.meaning D.idea 32.A.day B.time C.break D.year 33.A.bought B.took C.needed D.preferred 34.A.planes B.ships C.trains D.buses 35.A.sold B.lent C.moved D.passed 10-6 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a boy,Charles Darwin showed a great interest in living things.He loved to walk through the woods,36. (look)at plants and birds.At the age of 8,Darwin 37. (send)to school,where he studied Latin,classical literature and ancient history. Young Darwin thought that these subjects were boring and useless.He preferred 38. (science)studies.As a result,he did 39. (poor)in his school lessons. In 1828,Darwin's father,who was very strict 40. his son,sent him to Cambridge and he became a student of Professor John Henslow.Upon graduation,Professor Henslow asked him 41. (go)with Captain Fitzroy on a survey trip around the world.During the voyage,Darwin collected rocks,bones and 42. (insect).He noted what he observed. The widely 43. (accept)theory in those days was that God created all the creatures on earth.In 1859,Darwin published his famous book,The Origin of Species,in 44. he explained his famous theory of evolution () Today,Charles Darwin is recognized as one of 45. greatest scientists the world has ever seen for his great achievements. 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节应用文写作（满分15分） 假设你是李华，请你给英国留学生Leslie写一封电子邮件，邀请他周末到振兴路新华 邮局对面刚开业的文化中心去做义工。内容包括： 1.目的和意义； 2.时间和地点； 3.义务和责任（打扫卫生，维持秩序等）。 注意：1.词数100左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为150左右。 Last Sunday afternoon,Sandra and I were eager to meet up with a man on Detroit's east side to help him get ready for a job interview this week.But on the way,we spotted a dog lying near the road next to his owner.We thought he'd been hit by a car.My friend, Sandra Abrahamian,and I had assisted animal rescue groups before and we thought there might be something we could do,so we quickly pulled over to help. 10-7 His owner,a woman told us the dog's name is Bosco,and she was walking him over a mile in the heat to her new home.She said Bosco was an outside dog and no one would give him a ride to her new place.That's when she and a friend decided to walk the entire way. He was going from a life on a chain in one backyard to another.She said Bosco was having trouble breathing along the way,but they thought he could make it.But just a block away from their destination,Bosco fell down.We could tell he was suffering from heatstroke ()She told us he had thrown up and could no longer stand.Bosco was out of breath quickly;his drool()was also thick.Bosco's owner said she wanted to give him away because she didn't have time for him.She said he would never be allowed into her new “home”because her children have allergies(过敏症)and she worried he would dirty the carpet. I made a call to Kristina Rinaldi of Detroit Dog Rescue to ask if they could help Bosco because it was clear that he was going to die without emergency care.To our happiness, Rinaldi said they could help.At once she told the people at Oakland Veterinary Referral Services that a dog which needed critical care was being rushed in and they must be ready to try their best to save him. 注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好： 4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1: Sandra drove while I stayed in the back seat trying to com fort Bosco. Paragraph 2: So Bosco is now being called Roscoe,whose critical care and recovery were estimated to be several thousand dollars. 10-8