2025届上海市建平中学高三下学期三模考试英语试题

2025届上海市建平中学高三三模英语试卷 考试时间105分钟 试卷满分115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Silent Crisis of E-Waste Recycling In the narrow streets of the Indian city Mumbai’s Dharavi neighborhood, 34-year-old Rajesh spends his days taking apart old electronics — computers, phones, and televisions — that wealthier citizens throw away. The workshop where he works ____1____ (lack) proper airflow and is filled with circuit boards that contain harmful metals like lead and mercury. For over a decade, Rajesh ____2____ (breathe) in smoke from melted plastics and acids used to extract valuable metals. He is unaware of ____3____ harm these substances could do to his body. Studies show that e-waste, which accounts for 5% of global solid waste, is rarely recycled safely in developing countries. Although governments have introduced regulations, nearly 80% of thrown-away electronics end up in informal workshops like Rajesh’s. Experts warn that workers not provided protection ____4____ the metals face serious health problems. “The harmful substances they’re exposed to daily can damage kidneys, nervous systems, and in ____5____ (bad) cases, even cause cancer,” says Dr. Anika Patel, an environmental health researcher. Rajesh’s situation reflects a global imbalance. Wealthy nations, with consumer behavior ____6____ (drive) by a constant desire to upgrade devices, produce massive e-waste. In contrast, the burden (负担) of processing e-waste falls unfairly on communities lacking the resources to protect themselves. Many workers, whose families depend on this dangerous job, ____7____ (not) afford to quit. Efforts to address the crisis are slowly emerging. NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) have begun training workers like Rajesh on safer techniques and advised ____8____ (wear) gloves and masks, which they have distributed. However, progress is slowed by economic realities. “Recycling devices properly requires expensive machines,” Rajesh explains, “but no one wants to pay extra for ____9____.” The issue extends beyond health. Soil and water near e-waste sites have been polluted, affecting millions who rely on these resources. ____10____ safer systems are valued above anything else, the cycle of harm — driven by inequality — will continue. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dismissed B. frontier C. guarantee D. leap E. lock F. narrowed G. predetermined H. rigid I. routine J. sheltered K. still Facing Uncertainty in the Future The future is an unknown that many of us fear. Throughout childhood, many of us are innocent, ____11____ by the safety of home. We are fed ideals and taught principles by caretakers — parents, teachers, adults who shape our early beliefs. Time passes until, without warning, we’re eighteen and pushed into adulthood, expected to find our way in a world we don’t yet understand. Higher education often feels like the final ____12____ before full adulthood — a stormy space of doubt. Questions arise: What path should I take? Will I find happiness? These uncertainties weigh heavily leaving one mentally exhausted and weakening confidence as the “real world” approaches. Yet, within this fear lies a hidden beauty: the realization that life isn’t as ____13____ as we’re taught. We assume that our early choices ____14____ us in, and that taking a different route only results in failure. But the truth is, we hold more power over our lives than we think. Still, many give up that power, softening their ambitions to fit expectations. There’s much to say for consistency, but standing ____15____ limits potential for growth. Holding tightly to a ____16____ route risks wasting not just days, but an entire lifetime that could have been extraordinary. I know this fear well. Raised to believe success meant perfect grades, a degree from a top university, and a high-paying job, I never questioned the path — until high school, when doubts slowly entered my mind. What if I wanted something else? The pressure ____17____ my world into a small, dark tunnel that I felt I had no choice but to follow. But security doesn’t ____18____ happiness. By university, I felt trapped, convinced I’d failed for not meeting expectations. Then, I took a ____19____: I switched my major to East Asian Studies, a field ____20____ as impractical. Initially, the decision seemed illogical, contrary to everything I was taught to believe in. Yet, instead of regret, I found relief. For the first time, I loved learning, freed from pressures I put on myself. The “right” path isn’t the same for everyone — it’s the one that awakens passion, not fear. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. We all know someone like it. You probably work with or are even related to one. And with Christmas approaching, the season of office parties and family gatherings, you’re increasingly likely to have to ____21____ with one and rediscover just how annoying they are. We’re talking about the ‘know-it-all’. Individuals who will enthusiastically ____22____ you about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about. And often, even though ____23____ do. Why would anyone assume____24____ knowledge to everyone else, about every possible subject matter? One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’, which describes how people instinctively assume that their ____25____ of the world reflects objective reality. In reality, everything we see and ‘know’ about the world passes through our brain’s shortcuts, biases, emotional memories, and other mental processes. What we believe is reality in our heads is often noticeably different from what is reality, but we don’t recognize this happening. ____26____, we regularly encounter people who see the world from another perspective. But naive realism means we assume that those who understand the world differently are ____27____. For a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to ‘correct’ others. It may be 100 per cent well intended, but that doesn’t make it any less ____28____. However, this can’t be the ____29____ story. Many people experience naive realism, yet never do or say anything about it. True know-it-alls don’t actually wait for you to make a mistake before ____30____ to you. This suggests something beyond naive realism that drives know-it-all behavior. Another cognitive bias (认知偏差) at work, proposed in a recent study by Gehlbach, Robinson, and Fletcher, is ‘the illusion of information adequacy’. Put simply, this describes how though many people ____31____ sufficient information to make accurate judgments about something, they’ll assume the opposite. It’s logically very hard to ____32____ what we don’t know. Then there’s the Dunning-Kruger effect: the cognitive bias where people with limited competence in a certain area tend to ____33____ their abilities. Their lack of smart thinking means they struggle to acknowledge when someone else knows more than them, meaning they dare to argue with those who are better informed. And because people often respond more to ____34____ than accuracy, they often get away with it. If this happens often enough, across enough subjects, they could convince themselves that they’re ____35____ on pretty much everything, even though the opposite is true. 21. A. cooperate B. interact C. compete D. identify 22. A. mislead B. question C. encourage D. lecture 23. A. you B. some C. many D. they 24. A. realistic B. practical C. superior D. objective 25. A. domination B. perception C. assessment D. exploitation 26. A. On the contrary B. In other words C. By the way D. As a result 27. A. wrong B. normal C. imaginative D. unprofessional 28. A. controversial B. bothersome C. manageable D. puzzling 29. A. real B. personal C. full D. same 30. A. talking down B. reaching out C. turning around D. holding on 31. A. gain B. require C. lack D. display 32. A. understand B. apply C. explain D. recognize 33. A. distrust B. overestimate C. redefine D. misuse 34. A. confidence B. status C. fluency D. quantity 35. A. advocates B. innovators C. experts D. optimists Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Scientists have created a full map of an adult brain for the first time. The 3D model of all of the neurons (神经元) of a fruit fly, and the 50 million connections between them, is the first time that scientists have been able to see the full brain of an adult that can walk and fly. It represents a major breakthrough compared to previous efforts, which for instance recorded the early growth stage of a fruit fly and its much smaller 3,016 neurons. Researchers hope that the work can be a step towards producing similar studies of larger brains — including, eventually, those of humans. It might also help us gain a better understanding of how brains actually function. Already, it suggests that brains might be more similar than we might think. By comparing the newly mapped brain to previous, smaller studies, researchers saw that the pictures had significant similarities — and that brains themselves are not necessarily a unique structure. “If we want to understand how the brain works, we need a systematic understanding of how all the neurons fit together and let you think. For most brains we have no idea how these networks function,” said Gregory Jefferis, from the University of Cambridge. “Flies can do all kinds of complicated things like walk and fly, and the males sing to the females. Brain wiring diagrams are a first step towards understanding everything we’re interested in — how we control our movement, answer the telephone, or recognize a friend.” The map was produced by taking the brain of a fly, itself less than 1 millimeter (微米) wide, and cutting it into 7,000 thin sections and then scanning them. Researchers used AI to scan those images to build up a map of the 140,000 neurons and 50 million connections. Researchers have made the full database open and free to all researchers, in the hope of better understanding all brains. By understanding how a healthy brain works, we might be better able to see what happens when brains function differently, as in the case of mental health conditions. 36 What have researchers found by comparing studies of fruit fly brains? A. Brains are unique and complex. B. Brains may be structurally similar. C. Brains need to function through neurons. D. Brains have different stages of development. 37. According to Gregory Jefferis, why have researchers chosen to study fruit flies? A. Their ability to perform complex tasks. B. Their excellent communication skills. C. Their ability to control their movement. D. Their complicated problem-solving skills. 38. The 3D model of the fruit fly brain was created by ________. A. scanning the brain as a whole B. drawing pictures of the neurons C. taking images of thinly cut pieces D. recording the brain activity over time 39. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. researchers need to study more kinds of animals B. a comprehensive database is needed for research C. medical treatment will need better technologies D. more studies are needed to understand the brain (B) A Beginner’s Guide to Goal Setting for Teens Are you trying to get into your dream college? Hoping to make it into the school basketball team next year? Or maybe get an A in chemistry? Regardless of what your goal is or how big it is, if you’re a young person who wants to accomplish something, you’ve come to the right place. This guide to goal setting for teens is definitely for you! When it comes to goal setting, SMART goals are the top dog. This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there. If there’s one tool for goal setting for teens to understand, it’s this one. You’ll probably encounter it later on in university or your career as well too! When creating a SMART goal, here’s what you need to consider... A SMARI goal is... Specific→State exactly what you will accomplish Measurable→Progress is trackable and you will know when you achieve it Attainable→It is possible for you to achieve the goal Relevant→It is consistent with your values interests and other goals Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines Where to start? 1. Start by thinking about your whole job and the broad areas (or “buckets”) of responsibility and results over which you have control. 2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks. 3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success. 4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle. 5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results. 6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area. 40. The author recommends SMART most probably because ______. A. he is a trainer for a major company B. it is a tool well supported by theory C. the readers need it for their future life D. teens are big dreamers but not doers 41. Xiao Ming, an average high school student, writes the following goal for the new semester: My goal is to raise my scores above 90（out of 100） in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college. Which two criteria of SMART are seriously missing in Xiao Ming’s goal statement? A. Relevant, Measurable. B. Specific, Attainable. C. Measurable, Attainable. D. Relevance, Timely. 42. According to the guide’s Where to Start, which is the most important factor to consider? A. The sense of responsibility. B. The measurement of success. C. A good knowledge of tasks. D. The right level of goals. (C) In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly — two or three blocks of work, broken up by meetings and phone calls — became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses, and therefore lack the ability to dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention. Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder. Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture. It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible. 43 What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann? A. More and more people have started to hop from one job to another. B. Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually. C. Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed. D. Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work. 44. What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace? A. It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up. B. It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management. C. It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety. D. It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally. 45. What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace? A. Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology. B. Reducing workload and lowering the stress level. C. Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals. D. Redistributing work duties among employees. 46. What can be inferred about the system the author suggests? A. New software can help to hire workers from outside. B. Teamwork will become easier with a big picture. C. Division of labor will be negotiated within a team. D. Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Health Risk in Space On May 30, 2023, China achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching three astronauts to its fully operational space station aboard the Shenzhou 16 spacecraft. This brought the population in orbit at the same time to a record high of 17. With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding. ____47____ Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later. The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation. ____48____ As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease. In addition, it can make the blood-brain barrier leak, exposing the brain to chemicals and proteins that are harmful to it. Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits. ____49____ Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space. ____50____ For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments. A. However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation. B. Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth. C. Space exploration has led to many technological achievements advancing water treatment and satellite systems. D. Certain diets also bring the effects of radiation to a minimum. E. Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body. F. NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Educational Inquiry: From Childhood to the TikTok Math Debate Children are naturally curious. Many constantly ask questions. At some point, most of them just stop. Why does this happen? It’s not as if the world starts to make perfect sense after several years of living. To succeed, to be recognized as smart, children typically feel social pressure to stop asking questions and start providing answers. This pressure persists into adulthood, as an online incident illustrates. During the summer of 2020, on TikTok, a woman named Gracie wondered about the origins of algebra (代数) and about whether math is “real”. The video spread widely when it was shared with the comment “stupidest video I’ve ever seen.” After being laughed at by many, others came to Gracie’s defense, including mathematicians, scientists and philosophers. For not even they knew the answers to her questions. I think this incident is worth examining for what it indicates about questions. Given the comments received, Gracie’s questions initially appeared silly to many. Such a reaction — even the mere threat of being laughed at — is a significant obstacle to asking questions. In response to her critics, Gracie admirably made another attempt to question math. She seemed like an easy target. Her questions were directed at something that is widely supposed to be unquestionable: basic mathematics. Few defenders did so on the basis that her questions were sincere or revealed genuine curiosity. It seems the primary reason the questions came to be considered good is just that they did not have easy answers, as if the difficulty of questions were equivalent to value. Lots of very good questions have easy answers if you ask the right person. Often, a good question is just motivated by curiosity, asked in order to understand better something in the world. By this measure, Gracie’s questions were good from the very start. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 一想到这些年来我在学业上取得的进步，我对父母的一贯支持心存感激。(moment) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 53. 语言学习者应该与人交际、深度理解文本，优先考虑意义协商这一动态过程。(priority) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 54. 外国游客被中国传统文化深深吸引，高效的高铁、方便的移动支付、智能机器人也让他们大开眼界、叹为观止。(appeal) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 55. 与会人员一致认为，面对全球气候变化和能源危机挑战，随着技术的不断发展和市场的持续扩大，在新能源车方面投资的潜力不可限量。(invest) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。学校校报刊登文章，介绍学生们在学习和生活中使用人工智能的经验。你也投稿参与，分享自己的体会。你的稿件内容须包括： 1. 你使用人工智能的情况。 2. 你在使用中遇到的挑战。 3. 给其他同学的忠告。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2025届上海市建平中学高三三模英语试卷 考试时间105分钟 试卷满分115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 【1~10题答案】 【答案】1. lacks 2. has breathed##has been breathing 3. what 4. against##from 5. the worst 6. driven 7. cannot 8. wearing 9. it 10. Until##Before##Unless Section B 【11~20题答案】 【答案】11. J 12. B 13. H 14. E 15. K 16. G 17. F 18. C 19. D 20. A II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 【21~35题答案】 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) 【36~39题答案】 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D (B) 【40~42题答案】 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. D (C) 【43~46题答案】 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. B Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【47~50题答案】 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. D 50. B III. Summary Writing 【51题答案】 【答案】 Social pressure discourages children from raising questions. This continues as they become adults. For example, a woman received negative comments online for questioning basic math. While experts supported her, they valued the difficulty of her questions over her curiosity. This highlights the obstacles to asking questions. Truly good questions are driven by genuine, curiosity (54 words) IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 【52题答案】 【答案】The moment I think of the progress I have made in my studies these years, I am always thankful to my parents for their consistent support. 【53题答案】 【答案】Language learners should communicate with people and deeply understand the texts, giving priority to the dynamic process of meaning negotiation. 【54题答案】 【答案】Foreign tourists are deeply attracted by traditional Chinese culture, and the high-efficient high-speed railway, convenient mobile payment and intelligent robots also appeal to them greatly. 【55题答案】 【答案】In the meeting, all attendees agreed that in face of the challenges of the global climate change and energy crisis, with the constant development of technology and the constant expansion of the market, the potential of investing in new energy vehicles is incalculable. V. Guided Writing 【56题答案】 【答案】As a senior student at Mingqi High School, I’d like to share my experience with Artificial Intelligence (AI). I mainly use AI tools to assist my English learning. For example, I sometimes use them to check grammar mistakes in my writing or to get explanations for difficult questions in practice exercises. This has saved me a lot of time and helped me learn more efficiently. However, I also faced challenges. The biggest one is developing a dependency. Once, I relied too heavily on AI for homework, which made me feel less confident in my own thinking and problem-solving abilities. I realized I wasn’t learning as deeply as I should. Therefore, my advice to fellow students is: Use AI as a helpful tool, not a replacement for your own effort. Always think critically about the answers it provides and try to understand the reasoning behind them. Remember, it’s your brain that needs training for the future. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $