专题06 句型语法（小初考点差异及衔接）-【小升初】2025年新七年级英语暑期衔接讲义（通用版）

专题06 句型语法 （小初考点差异及衔接） 【小学句型考点聚焦】 一、分类：按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、（祈使句和感叹句考查较少）。 1、陈述句 说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他 （1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much. （2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends （3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句 A.一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday. I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane. B.不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn’t go to the park yesterday. 变形总结： A: "be+not" I am not a student. B:"do\does\did +not" He does not like playing basketball. C:"助动词\情态动词+not" I can not swim. D:用no、nothing、nobody表否定.I know nothing about it. （4）陈述句改一般疑问句 A.有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane? B.不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday? 变形口诀：如何将一个肯定的陈述句变为一般疑问句： A:看句中有无be动词，如果有be动词提到句首即可。 B:看句中有无情态动词，如果有情态动词提到句首即可。 C:如上述两者都没有，就应把助动词提到句首。 2、疑问句 用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。 （1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。 —Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t. —Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t. —Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t. （3）特殊疑问句： A.定义：当疑问代词what who whom which whose或疑问副 when where why how引导 的问句，不能用yes,no来回答。 B.句式：当疑问词在句中作主语时，用正常语序。Who is that boy ? 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。When did you go to the cinema ? C.对画线部分提问的顺序：（一代二移三倒四抄） 一代：用疑问代词代替画线部分。 二移：把疑问词移至句首。 三倒：颠倒主谓语。 四抄：照抄其他部分，变句号为问号。 随堂精练 1．We stayed in a hotel by the sea. (变为否定句) We in a hotel by the sea. 【答案】 didn’t stay 【详解】原句句意：我们呆在海边的一个酒店里。本题考查句型转换。句子为一般过去时，含有实义动词的肯定句改为否定句，需借助助动词didn’t，后加动词原形stay。故答案为didn’t；stay。 2．He likes collecting stamps and comics. (改为否定句) He like collecting stamps comics. 【答案】 doesn’t or 【详解】句意：他喜欢收集邮票和连环画杂志。本题考查句型转换。原句中有实义动词likes，主语He是第三人称单数，改为否定句，需要借助助动词doesn’t，likes改为原形like，and改为or。故答案为doesn’t；or。 3．We will have some classes tomorrow. (改为否定句) We have classes tomorrow. 【答案】 won’t any 【详解】原句句意：我们明天将会上一些课。本题考查句型转换。句子时态为一般将来时，变为否定句，will变为否定形式won’t，some用于肯定句，否定句中变为any，故答案为won’t，any。 4．Finally, the lion let the mouse go. (改为否定句) Finally, the lion the mouse go. 【答案】 didn’t let 【详解】句意：最后，狮子让老鼠走了。本题考查句型转换。原句谓语动词let是过去式，改为否定句，助动词用didn’t，let用原形，let原形和过去式一样。否定句句意：最后，狮子没有让老鼠走。故答案为didn’t，let。 5．She woke up early this morning. (改为否定句) She early this morning. 【答案】didn’t wake up。 【详解】原句句意：她今天早上醒得很早。本题考查句型转换。原句是一般过去时的陈述句，句子中有谓语动词的过去式woke，变否定句用助动词did，其后加not即可，did not可缩写为didn’t，放于主语后，动词原形前，woke还原为wake，其余部分顺序不变。故答案为didn’t wake up。 6．Linda is going to play volleyball with her friends. (改为一般疑问句) Linda to play volleyball with her friends? 【答案】 Is going 【详解】句意：琳达打算和朋友打排球。本题考查句型转换，题干要求改为一般疑问句，将be动词is提前即可，其余不变。故答案为Is；going。 7．I like the purple pair of gloves. (改为一般疑问句) like the purple pair of gloves? 【答案】 Do you 【详解】原句句意：我喜欢这副紫色的手套。本题考查句型转换，原句主语是I，时态是一般现在时，改为一般疑问句，主语I变you，助动词用do，在句首首字母大写Do，故答案为Do；you。 8．They went boating last Saturday. (改为一般疑问句) they boating last Saturday? 【答案】 Did go 【详解】原句句意：他们上周六去划船了。本题考查句型转换。原句谓语动词went是过去式，改为一般疑问句，助动词用did，went变原形go，故答案为Did，go。 9．There were some gyms twenty years ago. (改为一般疑问句) there gyms twenty years ago? 【答案】 Were any 【详解】原句句意：二十年前有一些健身房。原句句子中有系动词were，变一般疑问句把were提前，放于句首，其余部分按顺序放在Were之后，同时some变为any，句末加问号。原句变为的一般疑问句就是: Were there any gyms twenty years ago? 故答案为Were，any。 10．Little Charlotte put on her coat by herself before running out. (改为一般疑问句) little Charlotte on her coat by herself before running out? 【答案】 Did put 【详解】原句句意：小夏洛自己穿上外套就跑了出去。本题考查句型转换。由put可知句子是一般过去时，改为一般疑问句，助动词用did，put用原形put，故答案为Did，put。 11．The teacher asked him to draw an egg. (改为一般疑问句) 【答案】Did the teacher ask him to draw an egg? 【详解】原句句意：老师让他画一个鸡蛋。本题考查句型转换。句子是陈述句，时态是一般过去时。改为一般疑问句需借助助动词did，首字母需大写，asked改为原形ask，句意为：老师让他画一个鸡蛋吗？故答案为Did the teacher ask him to draw an egg? 12．I am good at skating. (变为一般疑问句) good at skating? 【答案】 Are you 【详解】原句句意：我擅长滑冰。本题考查句型转换。该句变成一般疑问句的句意是：你擅长滑冰吗？句子是一般现在时，你you，be用are，该句变成一般疑问句将are提至句首，故答案为Are；you。 13．This toy train is sixtynine yuan. (对画线部分提问) is this toy train? 【答案】 How much 【详解】原句句意：这辆玩具火车69元。本题考查句型转换。划线部分是价格，询问价格用How much提问，句意是：这个玩具火车多少钱？故答案为How，much。 14．The boy made a card for his mother. (对画线部分提问) the boy for his mother? 【答案】 What did do 【详解】原句句意：男孩为他妈妈做了一张卡片。本题考查句型转换，句子时态是一般过去时，画线部分是做的事情，用what提问，在句首首字母大写What；其后跟did引导的一般疑问句，did后加动词原形，do是动词原形代替画线部分，故答案为What；did；do。 15．He went to the hospital because he is badly ill. (对划线部分提问) he to the hospital? 【答案】 Why did go 【详解】原句句意：他去了医院，因为他病得厉害。本题考查句型转换。句子是陈述句，时态为一般过去时，划线部分是because引导的原因状语，所以提问用why，放在句首，首字母要大写，后跟助动词did引导的一般疑问句，谓语动词went变为动词原形go，故答案为Why，did，go。 16．Daming is having a birthday party. (就画线部分提问) 【答案】What is Daming doing? 【详解】原句句意：大明正在举办生日派对。本题考查句型转换。句子是陈述句，时态为现在进行时，画线部分是动词短语having a birthday party，用特殊疑问词what提问，后跟be动词引导的一般疑问句，主语是第三人称单数Daming，be用is，动词短语用doing代替，故答案为What is Daming doing? 17．We’re going to eat at half past twelve. (就画线部分提问) 【答案】When are you going to eat? 【详解】原句句意：我们将要在十二点半吃饭。本题考查句型转换，画线部分是具体的时间，用when提问，在句首首字母大写When，后跟are引导的一般疑问句，主语we改为you，故答案为When are you going to eat? 18．I went to the park yesterday. (对画线部分提问) 【答案】Where did you go yesterday? 【详解】原句句意：我昨天去公园了。本题考查句型转换。画线部分是地点，用where提问，问句为：你昨天去哪里了？问句结构为：Where+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？句子是一般过去时，助动词用did，went的原形是go，故答案为Where did you go yesterday? 19．There are three blouses on the bed. (对划线部分提问) on the bed? 【答案】What’s 【详解】原句句意：床上有三件衬衫。本题考查句型转换。句子是陈述句，时态是一般现在时。划线部分是具体物品，对其提问时疑问词用what，搭配be动词is，缩写为What’s。故答案为What’s。 20．I will stay in Beijing for a month. (对划线部分提问) you stay in Beijing? 【答案】How long will 【详解】原句句意：我将在北京呆一个月。本题考查句型转换，句子是陈述句，时态是一般将来时，划线部分是一段时间，对其提问用how long，放句首首字母大写How long，后跟will引导的一般疑问句，故答案为How long will。 21．I washed my clothes last weekend? (对画线部分提问) did you last weekend? 【答案】 What do 【详解】原句句意：我上周末洗衣服了。本题考查句型转换。画线部分是做的事情，用what提问，问句为：上周末你做什么了？助动词did后跟动词原形do做，故答案为What，do。 22．My brother is 34 kilograms. (对画线部分提问) is your brother? 【答案】 How heavy 【详解】句意：我弟弟重34千克。本题考查句型转换。划线部分是重量，用How heavy提问，故答案为How；heavy。 23．They are going to see a film tomorrow. (对画线部分提问) 【答案】When are they going to see a film? 【详解】原句句意：他们明天打算看电影。本题考查句型转换。画线部分是时间，用when提问，后跟are引导的一般疑问句，问句为：他们打算什么时候看电影？故答案为When are they going to see a film? 24．I should exercise every day. (就画线部分提问) should you every day? 【答案】 What do 【详解】句意：我应该每天锻炼。本题考查句型转换。画线部分是动词，对做某事提问用what，画线部分用do代词。故答案为What；do。 25．I’m going to draw a horse. (对画线部分提问) 【答案】What are you going to draw? 【详解】句意：我打算画一匹马。本题考查句型转换。划线部分是a horse，用what提问，What+be动词+主语 +going to+动词原形+其他，I变为you，be动词用are，故答案为What are you going to draw? 26．She usually does chores on weekends. (就画线部分提问) she usually do on weekends? 【答案】 What does 【详解】原句句意：她经常在周末做家务。本题考查句型转换。由画线部分可知要提问做什么，用what提问。句意是：她经常在周末做什么？句子是一般现在时。该句含有实义动词do，主语是she，变成问句需要借助助动词does。什么what，故答案为What；does。 27．He feels sleepy in the morning. (对画线部分提问) he feel in the morning? 【答案】 How does 【详解】原句句意：早上他感到困倦。本题考查句型转换。原句是陈述句，时态是一般现在时，画线部分表示的感受，对其提问要用how，主语是he，所以助动词要用does。故答案为How，does。 28．There are twenty pupils in my class. (就画线部分提问) pupils are there in your class? 【答案】 How many 【详解】句意：我班有二十个学生。本题考查特殊疑问句，画线部分是数量，用How many提问，故答案为How；many。 29．Mike is going to stay in Beijing for a week. (对画线部分提问) is Mike going to stay in Beijing? 【答案】 How long 【详解】原句句意：迈克将在北京待一个星期。本题考查句型转换。句子是陈述句，时态是一般将来时。画线部分是一段时间，对其提问用how long多久，首字母需大写，故答案为How；long。 30．We’ll go to Guilin in July. (对画线部分提问) you go to Guilin? 【答案】 When will 【详解】句意：我们将在七月去桂林。本题考查句型转换，句中画线部分是表示时间的，用特殊疑问词when提问，句中时态是一般将来时，问句结构为：When+will+主语(原句中第一人称改为第二人称)+谓语+宾语？故答案为When；will。 【初中重点句型语法考点聚焦】 考点清单 01 定义 简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。根据句子的功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号。疑问句是用以提问的句子，句末用问号。疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。祈使句是用以表示命令、请求或建议的句子，通常省略主语。感叹句是用以表达快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子，感叹句有用what或how开头的两种形式。 02 知识归类 陈述句。疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 分类 用途 例句 陈 述 句 肯定 肯定的陈述，表示“是如此” They usually go to school by bike. I get up at six o’clock in the morning. 否定 否定的陈述，表示“不是如此” They won’t go to the park tomorrow. I can’t speak Chinese. 疑 问 句 一般疑问句 询问一件事或情况是否属实 Is this your schoolbag? Have you been to Shanghai? 特殊疑问句 针对句子某一具体成分提问 What does your father do? Where is Mike from? 祈使句 表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等 Come in, please. Let’s go to school. 感叹句 表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等感情，常用what或how引导 What beautiful flowers! How clever the girl is! 03 分类解析 一． 感叹句 定义：用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子，多用how或 what引导。感叹句句末用感叹号号。 （1）由what引导的感叹句“what+a\an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”或“what+形容词+可数名词复数\不可数名词+主语+谓语” What a big garden (it is)! What an interesting storybook (it is) ! What lovely weather (it is)! What pretty girls (they are)! （2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词 How nice! How beautiful the flowers are! How tall Yao Ming is! 随堂精练 一．改写句子 1．She is beautiful. (改为感叹句) she is! 【答案】 How beautiful 【详解】原句句意：她很漂亮。本题考查句型转换。该句要求改为感叹句，what引导的感叹句结构为：what+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！how引导的感叹句结构为：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！故答案为How，beautiful。 2．They are working hard. (改为感叹句) they are working! 【答案】 How hard 【详解】原句句意：他们正在努力工作。本题考查句型转换。题干要求改为感叹句，how引导的感叹句结构为：How+形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)！故答案为How，hard。 3．They are lovely girls. (变感叹句) girls they are! 【答案】 What lovely 【详解】原句句意：她们是可爱的女孩。变为感叹句，感叹句的构成：What +形容词 + 名词复数 +主语 +谓语 + 其他！How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 +谓语！故答案为What；lovely。 4．It’s a lovely puppy. (改为感叹句) a it is! 【答案】 What lovely puppy 【详解】句意：这是一条可爱的小狗。句子为陈述句，句子时态为一般现在时，根据题意改为感叹句应说多么可爱的狗啊，其构成为What+冠词+形容词+名词+主语+谓语，故答案为What；lovely；puppy。 5．It is a beautiful dress. (用what改写感叹句） 【答案】What a beautiful dress it is!/What a beautiful dress! 【详解】句意：它是一件漂亮的裙子。what引导的感叹句结构为：What+a+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！主语和谓语可以省略。故答案为What a beautiful dress it is! / What a beautufil dress! 6．It’s an interesting book. (改为感叹句) interesting book it is ! 【答案】 What an 【详解】原句句意：这是一本有趣的书。题干要求改为感叹句，book是可数名词单数，用what引导感叹句，结构为：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)！interesting以元音音素开头，前面用an，故答案为What，an。 7．These dresses are beautiful. (感叹句) ! 【答案】 What beautiful dresses 【详解】句意：这些裙子很漂亮。句子改为感叹句，What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！故答案为What；beautiful；dresses。 8．How nice the flowers in her garden are! (改为同义句) nice in her garden! 【答案】 What flowers 【详解】原句句意：她花园里的花好漂亮啊！该句是感叹句，由How引导，改为同义句即改为由what引导的感叹句，What+形容词 + 名词 +主语 +谓语 + 其他！故答案为What；flowers。 9．The TV play is really wonderful. (改为感叹句) the TV play is! 【答案】 How wonderful 【详解】原句句意：这个电视节目真的很好。改为感叹句，其构成为：What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 其它! How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!故答案为How；wonderful。 10．The fish is big.  (感叹句) a ! 【答案】 What big fish 【详解】原句句意：这条鱼很大。题干要求改为感叹句，结构为：What+a+形容词+名词！故答案为What，big，fish。 二．单项选择 1.In the happy old days, all the other animals were friendly. ________ peaceful and safe life! A．What a B．How a C．What D．How 2.What ________ amazing news! Our school wants to start a gardening club. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3.—Thanks to my English teacher, I learnt ________ new words last year. —________ clever you are! A． hundreds of; What B．eight hundreds; How C．hundreds of; How D．eight hundreds; What 4.Superman can also burn things with his eyes. ________ special eyes he has! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 5.—_________ surprised the mother looks! —I guess she didn’t think her son could be the winner. A．How B．What C．How the D．What a 6.—________ wonderful the TV series To the Wonder (我的阿泰勒) is! —Yes, it’s so good and makes Altay a new place for travelling. A．How B．What C．How a D．What a 7.________ beautiful flowers the girl drew in her art lesson! A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 8.—Kung Fu Panda 4 is so popular these day. Do you like it? — amazing the film is! I love it. A．What an B．What a C．What D．How 9．（23-24七年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Look! Trees are green and flowers are everywhere. — ________ beautiful place it is! A．How a B．What C．What a D．How 10.—_________ exciting news! We will have a two-month holiday after the final exam. A．What an B．How an C．What D．How 1．A 【详解】句意：在过去快乐的日子里，所有的其它动物都很友好。多么和平和安全的生活！ 考查感叹句。根据“…peaceful and safe life!”可知，此句是感叹句，中心词是名词单数life，感叹句型用“What a/an+形容词+名词单数(+主谓)!”，peaceful是辅音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用a。故选A。 2．D 【详解】句意：多么令人惊讶的消息啊！我们学校想成立一个园艺俱乐部。 考查冠词用法。a 一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，那个，表特指。本句是what引导的感叹句，“news”是不可数名词，其结构为：What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓。故此处不使用冠词。故选D。 3．C 【详解】句意：——多亏了我的英语老师，去年我学会了数百个新单词。——你真聪明！ 考查数词和感叹句用法。hundred百，前有数字时，不用复数，排除B、D；前面没有数字时，要用复数，并加上of，hundreds of表示“数以百计的”；由于“clever”是形容词，用How引导，感叹句的结构为“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”，排除A。故选C。 4．A 【详解】句意：超人也能用眼睛燃烧东西。他的眼睛多特别啊！ 考查感叹句。根据“…special eyes he has!”可知，句子是感叹句，其结构为：What+形容词+可数名词复数+主谓，eyes是可数名词复数形式，因此此处用What引导感叹句。故选A。 5．A 【详解】句意：——母亲看上去多么惊讶啊！——我想她没料到她儿子会是赢家。 考查感叹句。分析句子结构可知，此句为感叹句，中心词“surprised”为形容词，符合“how+形容词+主谓！”的结构。故选A。 6．A 【详解】句意：——电视剧《我的阿泰勒》太棒了！——是的，它太好了以至于使阿勒泰成为一个新的旅游胜地。 考查感叹句。设空所在句是一个感叹句，中心词是形容词wonderful，所以用how引导感叹句，结构是“How+形容词+主谓”，故选A。 7．A 【详解】句意：那个女孩在美术课上画的花多漂亮啊！ 考查感叹句。what引导感叹句结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词(单数、复数或不可数)+主+谓!”；how引导感叹句结构为“How+形容词/副词+主+谓!”。本句的中心词是复数名词flowers，所以用what引导感叹句，符合“What+形容词+名词复数+主+谓!”的结构。故选A。 8．D 【详解】句意：——《功夫熊猫4》现在很受欢迎。你喜欢吗？——这部电影太棒了！我喜欢它。 考查感叹句。该句的中心词为形容词amazing，符合感叹句结构“How+形容词+主语+谓语”，故选D。 9．C 【详解】句意：——看！树是绿色的，到处都是鲜花。——多么漂亮的一个地方啊！ 考查感叹句。根据“... beautiful place it is!”是感叹句，且中心词“place”为名词单数，故应用what引导的感叹句，结构为What+a/an+形容词+名词+主谓!；beautiful以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。故选C。 10．C 【详解】句意：——多么令人兴奋的消息！期末考试后我们将有两个月的假期。 考查感叹句。news是不可数名词，根据“what+形容词+不可数名词”可知，横线上是what。故选C。 2． 祈使句 定义：用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 结构： A:以动词原形开头，主语通常省略，等同陈述句。Open the door . B:表示语气更加委婉、客气，通常在句首或句末please. Turn off the TV, please. C:否定形式一般用Don't +动词原形Don't be late for class. 用法： （1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。 A.肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. B.否定祈使句：Don’t be late again. （2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。 Let me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him go home now. Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre? 随堂精练 一．改写句子 1．Let me show you my new clothes. (改为同义句) Let me show new clothes you. 【答案】 my to 【详解】原句句意：让我给你看看我的新衣服。本题考查句型转换。句子是祈使句，show sb sth的同义短语为show sth to sb，故答案为my，to。 12．Please give Tom this book. (写出同义句) Please this book Tom. 【答案】 give to 【详解】原句句意：请给汤姆这本书。本题考查句型转换，给某人某物give sb sth=give sth to sb，故答案为give，to。 13．You shouldn’t go to bed late.(改为祈使句) Please to bed late. 【答案】 don’t go 【详解】原句句意：你不应该晚睡觉。本题考查句型转换，改为祈使句，否定祈使句的句型结构为：Don’t+动词原形+其他，开头是Please，Don’t首字母小写，故答案为don’t；go。 14．Read the book carefully. (改为否定句) 【答案】Don’t read the book carefully. 【详解】句意：仔细阅读这本书。本题考查句型转换，句子是祈使句，改为否定句在句首加Don’t，故答案为Don’t read the book carefully. 15．You shouldn’t smoke here. (改为祈使句) here. 【答案】 No smoking 【详解】句意：你不能在这吸烟。根据句意可改为祈使句：不能在这儿吸烟。No+动名词形式表示禁止做某事，故答案为No；smoking。 16．Point to the ceiling, please! (改为否定句) 【答案】Don’t point to the ceiling, please! 【详解】原句句意：请指着天花板。该句是祈使句，改为否定句需在句首加Don't，故答案为Don’t point to the ceiling, please! 17．Put on the new blouse. (改为否定句) on the new blouse. 【答案】 Don’t put 【详解】原句句意：穿上这件新衬衫。原句是祈使句的肯定形式，题干要求改为否定句，don't+动词原形，故答案为Don't，put。 18．Kitty, put your ball in the bag. (改为否定句) Kitty, your ball in the bag. 【答案】 don’t put 【详解】句意：Kitty，把你的球放书包里。这是祈使句，变否定形式，借助于don't+动词原形，故答案为don't；put。 19．Help yourself. (根据实际情况用英文简短回答) 【答案】Thanks. 【详解】原句句意：请自便。根据实际情况用英文简短回答，答案不唯一，答语通常表示感谢。如：谢谢。故答案为Thanks。 20．Read in bed. (改为否定句) 【答案】Don’t read in bed. 【详解】原句句意：在床上看书。句子是祈使句，改为否定句要在动词前加don’t，句首大写为Don’t，故答案为Don’t read in bed. 二．单项选择 1.Hurry up! It’s time ________ English class. Don’t ________ late for it! A．to; be B．to have; / C．for; be D．for; / 2.Tom, ________ faster, and you will get the toy you want. A．runs B．to run C．running D．run 3.Mum, tomorrow is Saturday. Don’t ________ early. I want to sleep more. A．wake up me B．waking me up C．wake me up D．waking up me 4.________ afraid! ________ with us. A．Not; Come B．Not be; Coming C．Don’t be; Come D．Never; To come 5.The door of the classroom is ________ now. Kate, ________ it, please. A．open; closed B．open; close C．close; open D．closed; opens 6.—Jack, ________ late for school again! —Sorry, I won’t. A．isn’t B．doesn’t be C．don’t be D．not be 7.__________ right, and you will see lovely pandas after you _________ the bridge. A．To turn; cross B．To turn; across C．Turn; across D．Turn; cross 8.Lily, ________ the fish out of water. A．not to take B．don’t taking C．don’t take D．not take 9.Read the book Cute Pets, ________ you will know how to take good care of your cat. A．or B．so C．and D．but 10.Work hard, and our China Dream _______ true. A．came B．come C．comes D．will come 1．C 【详解】句意：快点！该上英语课了，别迟到了！ 考查it固定句型和祈使句。第一空，根据“It’s time … English class.”可知，此处考查It’s time to do sth./for sth.“该是做某事的时候了”，it固定句型，排除A；第二空，根据“don’t … late for it”可知，这里考查be late for“迟到”，形容词短语；句子为祈使句的否定形式，don’t后接动词原形“be”，排除B和D。故选C。 2．D 【详解】句意：汤姆，跑快点，你会得到你想要的玩具。 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，此处是结构“祈使句，and+陈述句”，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选D。 3．C 【详解】句意：妈妈，明天别这么早叫我起床。我想多睡会。 考查否定祈使句和动词短语的用法。根据空前的“Don’t”可知，本句是否定祈使句，后接动词原形；另外动词短语wake…up意为“把……弄醒”，当后接名词时，名词可放在两词之间，也可放在up之后；当后接人称代词时，人称代词只能放wake和up之间。本题中“me”是人称代词，所以放两词之间。故选C。 4．C 【详解】句意：不要害怕，跟我们来。 考查祈使句。第一空根据选项可知，考查祈使句的否定用法don’t加动词原形，因此用don’t be；第二空根据句子结构可知，考查祈使句句型，动词原形开头，come with“与某人来”。故选C。 5．B 【详解】句意：教室的门现在开着。凯特，请把它关上。 考查形容词及动词辨析。open打开，动词，也可以作形容词，意为“开着的”；closed关着的，形容词；close关闭，动词；opens打开，第三人称单数。第一个空，由系动词is可知，此处是系表结构，要用形容词，排除C选项；第二个空，为祈使句，因此应用动词原形close。故选B。 6．C 【详解】句意：——杰克，别再上学迟到了！——对不起，我不会了。 考查祈使句。此处是祈使句的否定形式，结构是助动词don’t+动词原形。be late for“迟到”。故选C。 7．D 【详解】句意：向右拐，过桥后你会看到可爱的熊猫。 考查祈使句和动词。根据“… right, and you will see lovely pandas after you …the bridge.”可知，第一个空所在句为祈使句，使用动词原形，排除A/B；corss the bridge“过桥”，主语you后使用动词cross作谓语。故选D。 8．C 【详解】句意：莉莉，别把鱼从水里拿出来。 考查否定祈使句。否定祈使句的结构为：don’t/never+动词原形或No+v-ing/名词。故选C。 9．C 【详解】句意：读了《可爱的宠物》这本书，你就会知道如何照顾好你的猫。 考查连词。or或者；so所以；and而且；but但是。根据结构：祈使句+and/or+一般将来时的句子，排除BD两项，结合句意，读了《可爱的宠物》这本书，然后你就会知道如何照顾好你的猫，表示承接关系，因此用连词and。故选C。 10．D 【详解】句意：努力工作，我们的中国梦将会实现。 考查动词时态。“祈使句+and +陈述句”的句式中，祈使句表示条件，而陈述句表示结果，所以陈述句经常用一般将来时态，结合该句结构，可知陈述句部分用一般将来时，故选D。 三．there be句型 定义：there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。 结构：A:肯定式：There be + 名词 +时间\地点状语There is a book on the desk . B:否定式：There be not + 名词 +时间\地点状语There are not any flowers in the garden . C:疑问式：Be 动词提到句首且大写。Are there any flowers in the garden ? 用法： （1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。 There is some milk in the fridge. There are some peaches in the basket. （2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。 There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case. There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case. （3）there be句型和have/has区别： there be句型表示某地有某人或某物； have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。 There are some English books on the desk. I have some English books. [注意] A:There be 句型的谓语动词应坚持“就近一致”原则。 There is a teacher and some students in our classroom. There are some students and a teacher in our classroom. B: there be句型变成否定或疑问时，some要变成any. Are there any students in the classroom ? C:针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构： “How many +名次复数+are there +介词短语”How many books are there on the shelf ? “How much +不可数名词+is there +介词短语”How much water is there in the glass ? 1．There ______ a cow and three ducks on the farm. A．is B．are C．has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：农场上有一头奶牛和三只鸭子。本题考查there be句型的“就近原则”， be动词的形式与离它最近的名词保持一致。a cow是单数，be用is，故选A。 2．There is going to _______ a basketball match tomorrow. A．be B．have C．is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：明天将有一场篮球比赛。本题考查there be句型和一般将来时，there be句型译为有，不用have，排除B；be动词+going+to+动词原形，构成一般将来时，排除C，故选A。 3．Thirty years ago, there ________ only one building in our school and there ________ no computers or Internet. A．is; are B．was; were C．were; was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：三十年前，我们学校只有一栋楼，没有电脑或互联网。本题考查there be句型。根据时间可知句子是一般过去时，第一个空后是名词单数，be用is的过去式was，第二个空后是名词复数，be用are的过去式were。故选B。 4．There _______ two bowls of rice on the table. A．is B．have C．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：桌子上有两碗米饭。本题考查there be句型，主语two bowls of rice是复数，be用are，故选C。 5．There ______ no dining hall in my school twenty years ago. A．was B．were C．is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：20年前，在我的学校没有餐厅。本题考查be动词。句子是there be句型，hall是第三人称单数，根据“twenty years ago”可知时态是一般过去时，be动词是was，故选A。 6．There ______ no trees and flowers on the beach last year. A．are B．was C．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：去年海滩上没有树和花。本题考查there be句型，根据last year可知时态为一般过去时，排除A；trees and flowers是名词复数，be用were，排除B。故选C。 7．There ___________ no library in my school three years ago. A．was B．were C．is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：三年前我们学校没有电脑。本题考查there be句型。根据后面的library可知是单数，且three years ago是一般过去时的标志，所以be动词要用was，故选A。 8．There _______ a concert in the school today. A．is B．are C．have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天学校有一场音乐会。本题考查there be句型，横线后是名词单数，be用is，故选A。 9．There ______ no library in my old school. A．is B．was C．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的旧学校没有图书馆。本题考查there be句型。由句意可知句子是一般过去时，library是单数，be用is的过去式was，故选B。 10．There _________ three pairs of shoes in the box. A．is B．are C．have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在盒子里有三双鞋子。本题考查there be句型和be动词，根据后面的名词是可数名词复数，be用are，故选B。 二．完成句子 1.There (be) at least eight more high-speed railways in Wuxi in five years. 2.在中国古代，有许多不同的集市名称，如草市、市肆、亥市、墟市。 In ancient times, many different names of Chinese markets (ji shi), like cǎo shì, shì sì, hài shì and xū shì. 3.贵州有许多美食值得一尝。 a lot of delicious foods which are worth trying in Guizhou. 4.现场将会有超过20个社团。 over 20 clubs in the fair. 5.当前有很多绿色能源帮助减少污染。 plenty of green energy to help reduce pollution nowadays. 1．will be 【详解】句意：五年内，无锡将至少再增加八条高速铁路。根据“in Wuxi in five years”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，there be句型用于一般将来时，结构为“there will be”。故填will be。 2．there were 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“有”，there be“有”，根据“In ancient times”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为“many different names”，be动词用were。故填there；were。 3．There are 【详解】根据题干可知，此处是there be句型，主语是“a lot of delicious foods”，时态为一般现在时，因此be动词用are，句首首字母要大写。故填There；are。 4．There will be 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“将会有”的英文；there be句型，表示“某地有某物”，根据句意可知，此处需一般将来时，There be句型的一般将来时结构为There will be+名词，故填There；will；be。 5.There is 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“有”的表达，表示“有”某物常用句型“There be”。“plenty of green energy”为不可数名词短语，作主语，谓语动词用单数形式“is”。“nowadays”表示现在，句子应使用一般现在时。故填There；is。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 句型语法 （小初考点差异及衔接） 【小学句型考点聚焦】 一、分类：按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、（祈使句和感叹句考查较少）。 1、陈述句 说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他 （1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much. （2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends （3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句 A.一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday. I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane. B.不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn’t go to the park yesterday. 变形总结： A: "be+not" I am not a student. B:"do\does\did +not" He does not like playing basketball. C:"助动词\情态动词+not" I can not swim. D:用no、nothing、nobody表否定.I know nothing about it. （4）陈述句改一般疑问句 A.有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane? B.不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday? 变形口诀：如何将一个肯定的陈述句变为一般疑问句： A:看句中有无be动词，如果有be动词提到句首即可。 B:看句中有无情态动词，如果有情态动词提到句首即可。 C:如上述两者都没有，就应把助动词提到句首。 2、疑问句 用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。 （1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。 —Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t. —Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t. —Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t. （3）特殊疑问句： A.定义：当疑问代词what who whom which whose或疑问副 when where why how引导 的问句，不能用yes,no来回答。 B.句式：当疑问词在句中作主语时，用正常语序。Who is that boy ? 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。When did you go to the cinema ? C.对画线部分提问的顺序：（一代二移三倒四抄） 一代：用疑问代词代替画线部分。 二移：把疑问词移至句首。 三倒：颠倒主谓语。 四抄：照抄其他部分，变句号为问号。 随堂精练 1．We stayed in a hotel by the sea. (变为否定句) We in a hotel by the sea. 2．He likes collecting stamps and comics. (改为否定句) He like collecting stamps comics. 3．We will have some classes tomorrow. (改为否定句) We have classes tomorrow. 4．Finally, the lion let the mouse go. (改为否定句) Finally, the lion the mouse go. 5．She woke up early this morning. (改为否定句) She early this morning. 6．Linda is going to play volleyball with her friends. (改为一般疑问句) Linda to play volleyball with her friends? 7．I like the purple pair of gloves. (改为一般疑问句) like the purple pair of gloves? 8．They went boating last Saturday. (改为一般疑问句) they boating last Saturday? 9．There were some gyms twenty years ago. (改为一般疑问句) there gyms twenty years ago? 10．Little Charlotte put on her coat by herself before running out. (改为一般疑问句) little Charlotte on her coat by herself before running out? 11．The teacher asked him to draw an egg. (改为一般疑问句) 12．I am good at skating. (变为一般疑问句) good at skating? 13．This toy train is sixtynine yuan. (对画线部分提问) is this toy train? 14．The boy made a card for his mother. (对画线部分提问) the boy for his mother? 15．He went to the hospital because he is badly ill. (对划线部分提问) he to the hospital? 16．Daming is having a birthday party. (就画线部分提问) 17．We’re going to eat at half past twelve. (就画线部分提问) 18．I went to the park yesterday. (对画线部分提问) 19．There are three blouses on the bed. (对划线部分提问) on the bed? 20．I will stay in Beijing for a month. (对划线部分提问) you stay in Beijing? 21．I washed my clothes last weekend? (对画线部分提问) did you last weekend? 22．My brother is 34 kilograms. (对画线部分提问) is your brother? 23．They are going to see a film tomorrow. (对画线部分提问) 24．I should exercise every day. (就画线部分提问) should you every day? 25．I’m going to draw a horse. (对画线部分提问) 26．She usually does chores on weekends. (就画线部分提问) she usually do on weekends? 27．He feels sleepy in the morning. (对画线部分提问) he feel in the morning? 28．There are twenty pupils in my class. (就画线部分提问) pupils are there in your class? 29．Mike is going to stay in Beijing for a week. (对画线部分提问) is Mike going to stay in Beijing? 30．We’ll go to Guilin in July. (对画线部分提问) you go to Guilin? 【初中重点句型语法考点聚焦】 考点清单 01 定义 简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。根据句子的功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号。疑问句是用以提问的句子，句末用问号。疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。祈使句是用以表示命令、请求或建议的句子，通常省略主语。感叹句是用以表达快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子，感叹句有用what或how开头的两种形式。 02 知识归类 陈述句。疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 分类 用途 例句 陈 述 句 肯定 肯定的陈述，表示“是如此” They usually go to school by bike. I get up at six o’clock in the morning. 否定 否定的陈述，表示“不是如此” They won’t go to the park tomorrow. I can’t speak Chinese. 疑 问 句 一般疑问句 询问一件事或情况是否属实 Is this your schoolbag? Have you been to Shanghai? 特殊疑问句 针对句子某一具体成分提问 What does your father do? Where is Mike from? 祈使句 表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等 Come in, please. Let’s go to school. 感叹句 表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等感情，常用what或how引导 What beautiful flowers! How clever the girl is! 03 分类解析 一． 感叹句 定义：用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈情感的句子，多用how或 what引导。感叹句句末用感叹号号。 （1）由what引导的感叹句“what+a\an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”或“what+形容词+可数名词复数\不可数名词+主语+谓语” What a big garden (it is)! What an interesting storybook (it is) ! What lovely weather (it is)! What pretty girls (they are)! （2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词 How nice! How beautiful the flowers are! How tall Yao Ming is! 随堂精练 一．改写句子 1．She is beautiful. (改为感叹句) she is! 2．They are working hard. (改为感叹句) they are working! 3．They are lovely girls. (变感叹句) girls they are! 4．It’s a lovely puppy. (改为感叹句) a it is! 5．It is a beautiful dress. (用what改写感叹句） 6．It’s an interesting book. (改为感叹句) interesting book it is ! 7．These dresses are beautiful. (感叹句) ! 8．How nice the flowers in her garden are! (改为同义句) nice in her garden! 9．The TV play is really wonderful. (改为感叹句) the TV play is! 10．The fish is big.  (感叹句) a ! 二．单项选择 1.In the happy old days, all the other animals were friendly. ________ peaceful and safe life! A．What a B．How a C．What D．How 2.What ________ amazing news! Our school wants to start a gardening club. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3.—Thanks to my English teacher, I learnt ________ new words last year. —________ clever you are! A． hundreds of; What B．eight hundreds; How C．hundreds of; How D．eight hundreds; What 4.Superman can also burn things with his eyes. ________ special eyes he has! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 5.—_________ surprised the mother looks! —I guess she didn’t think her son could be the winner. A．How B．What C．How the D．What a 6.—________ wonderful the TV series To the Wonder (我的阿泰勒) is! —Yes, it’s so good and makes Altay a new place for travelling. A．How B．What C．How a D．What a 7.________ beautiful flowers the girl drew in her art lesson! A．What B．How C．What a D．How a 8.—Kung Fu Panda 4 is so popular these day. Do you like it? — amazing the film is! I love it. A．What an B．What a C．What D．How 9．（23-24七年级下·江苏扬州·期末）—Look! Trees are green and flowers are everywhere. — ________ beautiful place it is! A．How a B．What C．What a D．How 10.—_________ exciting news! We will have a two-month holiday after the final exam. A．What an B．How an C．What D．How 2． 祈使句 定义：用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 结构： A:以动词原形开头，主语通常省略，等同陈述句。Open the door . B:表示语气更加委婉、客气，通常在句首或句末please. Turn off the TV, please. C:否定形式一般用Don't +动词原形Don't be late for class. 用法： （1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。 A.肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. B.否定祈使句：Don’t be late again. （2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。 Let me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him go home now. Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre? 随堂精练 一．改写句子 1．Let me show you my new clothes. (改为同义句) Let me show new clothes you. 12．Please give Tom this book. (写出同义句) Please this book Tom. 13．You shouldn’t go to bed late.(改为祈使句) Please to bed late. 14．Read the book carefully. (改为否定句) 15．You shouldn’t smoke here. (改为祈使句) here. 16．Point to the ceiling, please! (改为否定句) 17．Put on the new blouse. (改为否定句) on the new blouse. 18．Kitty, put your ball in the bag. (改为否定句) Kitty, your ball in the bag. 19．Help yourself. (根据实际情况用英文简短回答) 20．Read in bed. (改为否定句) 二．单项选择 1.Hurry up! It’s time ________ English class. Don’t ________ late for it! A．to; be B．to have; / C．for; be D．for; / 2.Tom, ________ faster, and you will get the toy you want. A．runs B．to run C．running D．run 3.Mum, tomorrow is Saturday. Don’t ________ early. I want to sleep more. A．wake up me B．waking me up C．wake me up D．waking up me 4.________ afraid! ________ with us. A．Not; Come B．Not be; Coming C．Don’t be; Come D．Never; To come 5.The door of the classroom is ________ now. Kate, ________ it, please. A．open; closed B．open; close C．close; open D．closed; opens 6.—Jack, ________ late for school again! —Sorry, I won’t. A．isn’t B．doesn’t be C．don’t be D．not be 7.__________ right, and you will see lovely pandas after you _________ the bridge. A．To turn; cross B．To turn; across C．Turn; across D．Turn; cross 8.Lily, ________ the fish out of water. A．not to take B．don’t taking C．don’t take D．not take 9.Read the book Cute Pets, ________ you will know how to take good care of your cat. A．or B．so C．and D．but 10.Work hard, and our China Dream _______ true. A．came B．come C．comes D．will come 三．there be句型 定义：there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。 结构：A:肯定式：There be + 名词 +时间\地点状语There is a book on the desk . B:否定式：There be not + 名词 +时间\地点状语There are not any flowers in the garden . C:疑问式：Be 动词提到句首且大写。Are there any flowers in the garden ? 用法： （1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。 There is some milk in the fridge. There are some peaches in the basket. （2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。 There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case. There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case. （3）there be句型和have/has区别： there be句型表示某地有某人或某物； have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。 There are some English books on the desk. I have some English books. [注意] A:There be 句型的谓语动词应坚持“就近一致”原则。 There is a teacher and some students in our classroom. There are some students and a teacher in our classroom. B: there be句型变成否定或疑问时，some要变成any. Are there any students in the classroom ? C:针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构： “How many +名次复数+are there +介词短语”How many books are there on the shelf ? “How much +不可数名词+is there +介词短语”How much water is there in the glass ? 1．There ______ a cow and three ducks on the farm. A．is B．are C．has 2．There is going to _______ a basketball match tomorrow. A．be B．have C．is 3．Thirty years ago, there ________ only one building in our school and there ________ no computers or Internet. A．is; are B．was; were C．were; was 4．There _______ two bowls of rice on the table. A．is B．have C．are 5．There ______ no dining hall in my school twenty years ago. A．was B．were C．is 6．There ______ no trees and flowers on the beach last year. A．are B．was C．were 7．There ___________ no library in my school three years ago. A．was B．were C．is 8．There _______ a concert in the school today. A．is B．are C．have 9．There ______ no library in my old school. A．is B．was C．were 10．There _________ three pairs of shoes in the box. A．is B．are C．have 二．完成句子 1.There (be) at least eight more high-speed railways in Wuxi in five years. 2.在中国古代，有许多不同的集市名称，如草市、市肆、亥市、墟市。 In ancient times, many different names of Chinese markets (ji shi), like cǎo shì, shì sì, hài shì and xū shì. 3.贵州有许多美食值得一尝。 a lot of delicious foods which are worth trying in Guizhou. 4.现场将会有超过20个社团。 over 20 clubs in the fair. 5.当前有很多绿色能源帮助减少污染。 plenty of green energy to help reduce pollution nowadays. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$