专题03 介词、冠词（小初考点差异及衔接）-【小升初】2025年新七年级英语暑期衔接讲义（通用版）

专题03 介词、冠词 （小初考点差异及衔接） 一．介词 【小学介词考点聚焦】 一、定义：介词又叫前置词，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，它一般放在名词、代词（宾格）或动词（动词ing形式）前面，一般在句子中不单独作句子任何成分。 二、分类： 类别 例词 时间介词 at 、in、 on、 before 、after 、from 方位介词 on、 in、 at 、behind、 over、 above、 under 、below 动向介词 to、 into、 up、 down、 through、 along、 out of 方式介词 by、 on、 in 、with 原因介词 for 、from、 of 、with 随堂精练 1．The CPC was founded ________ July 23rd, 1921________ Shanghai. A．about; in B．on; in C．at; on 2．I’m going to middle school ______ September. A．in B．for C．on 3．The CPC was founded ________ July 23rd, 1921 ________ Shanghai. A．at; in B．on; in C．at; on 4．—The class starts at eight. —Oh! We are late. It’s a quarter ______ eight. A．and B．past C．to 5．My birthday is ______ January 3rd. My brother’s birthday is ______ January, too. A．on; on B．on; in C．in; on 6．Turn right _______ the hospital.  It’s next _______ the cinema. A．at; to B．in; near C．on; with D．in; to 7．—______ are we going to eat? —______ seven. A．When; At B．Where; In C．What; On 8．My birthday is ______ June. It’s ______ June 19th. A．in; on B．on; to C．to; at 9．Turn right _________ the bus stop _______ Sun Street. A．in; on B．at; on C．on; at 10．We have maths _______ Tuesday morning. And _______the afternoon, we have music. A．in; in B．on; in C．in; on 11．Miss Wang has breakfast _____ 7:00 _____ the morning. A．at; on B．in; in C．at; in 12．I get up ______ 7:00 ______ the morning. A．in; in B．in; at C．at; in 【初中介词考点聚焦】 考点清单 【考向1】介词的主要类别 表示时间 at, in, on, before, after, since, until, till, by, during, from...to..., past, to... 表示地点和方位 at, in, on, round, around, over, under, above, below, down, before, behind, between, among, up, in front of, in the front of, beside, next to, near... 表示空间运动 along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of, towards... 表示方式、方法和手段 by, with, in, through, on... 表示原因 for, at, from, with, of, because of... 表示“除……以外” besides, except, except for... 其他常用介词 about, like, without, against, off... 【考向2】常见的时间介词 1.at, in, on at 侧重于表示时间点,用于时刻前。表示“在某一时刻”“在几点几分”,也可表示“在……(点)” at four /four o'clock 在四点 at a quarter to nine 九点差一刻 常用于固定搭配的短语中 at noon 在中午;at night 在夜晚;at/on weekends 在周末;at breakfast/ lunch /supper 在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭时;at this time of day 在每天的这个时候;at the moment此刻,现在;at Christmas 在圣诞节 in 强调某个时间段,常用于上午、下午、晚上或世纪、年、月、季节等之前。in+一段时间,一般用于一般将来时 in the morning /afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上; in the day 在白天 in July在七月;in 2012 在2012年;in March在三月;in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天; in the 21st century 在21世纪; in ten years十年后 on 表示具体的某一天,后接具体的日期,表示某一天的上午、下午、晚上,或用于有形容词修饰的某一天前等 on Sunday 在星期天;on weekdays 在工作日;on Friday morning/afternoon/evening 在星期五早上/上午/下午/晚上;on the afternoon of March 5th 在三月五日下午;on a cold winter evening 在一个寒冷冬天的晚上; on September 28th 在九月二十八日 用于公共节假日前 on New Year's Day 在元旦;on Children's Day 在儿童节;on Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夕 【考向3】常见的地点介词 表示地点的介词有in、 on、 at、 to 介词 用法 示例 in 重点 表示在某范围或空间内的某一点 in the park/garden 在公园里／在花园里 in the hospital 在医院 in the south of China 在中国南部 用于较大的地方（如：国家、城市等）前 in China在中国 in Beijing/Paris在北京／巴黎 at 重点 用于较小的地方（如：车站、机场等）前 at the airport 在机场 at Beijing West Railway Station 在北京西站 on 重点 表示与某地的毗邻关系 Russia is on the northeast of China. 俄罗斯与中国东北部接壤。 表示“在······上面”，与物体表面接触 on the desk 在桌子上 on the wall 在墙上 to 表示在某一地区之外的某个地方（不属于该范围） Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国东边。 【考向4】常见的方位介词 1.方位介词辨析图示 介词 用法 示例 at 表示“在某一点位置或具体位置（范围小） at the library, at the crossing, at the village in 表示“在某一个范围内（大地方）” in the classroom, in China 在某一个范围内 Zhuhai is in Guangdong. （广东内） on 两地接壤 The Pacific is on the east of China.（中国接壤） to 两地相隔 Japan is to the east of China.（中国范围外） between 在两者之间 between...and... I sit between Jane and Mary. among 在（三者或以上）之中 The song is very popular among teenagers. across 表面横过，如过桥、过河、过马路 Be careful while walking across the street. through 内部穿过，如穿过森林、门、玻璃、隧道 The light goes into the room through the window. past 侧面经过、路过 Please call me when walking past my house. on 表示“在…的表面上”，两者有接触 There is a book on the desk. over 表示“在…的正上方”，多暗示悬空，反义词为under There is a bridge over the river. above 表示“在…的上方”，但不一定在正上方， 也不接触另一物，反义词为be1ow There is a bird f1ying above the bridge. below 表示“在…的下方” Please do not write below this 1ine. under 表示“在…的正下方” There is a book under the desk. in a car/on the train 2.方位介词in、 on与 to 在表示方位时,in表示在某一地区内的某个方位(属于该范围);表示两地区“接壤”时,用介词on;表示“在某一范围之外(两地没有挨着)”时,用介词to。 3.besides, except besides 意为“而且”,侧重于“除……之外,还有”,表示加上 except 意为“除……之外”。在肯定句中,侧重把except后的宾语所涉及的部分排除在外,表示减去;在否定句中,except没有排他性 例如: There was another visitor besides me. 除了我之外,还有一位拜访者。(包括“我”在内共两人) The school library opens every day except Sunday. 学校图书馆除星期天外每天都开放。(星期天不开放) 易混易错 beside与besides的区别。beside用作介词,相当于be the side of,强调“在……旁”的含义。 4.across, through across(与on有关,表示从“面上”穿过) 意为“穿过”。强调穿过某一平面、表面。常与动词walk、go、run相连,相当于from side to side。across的前面加上一个动词如walk、go、run,相当于cross through (through与in有关,表示从“空间”纵穿) 表示“穿过,通过”。强调从某一空间内部“通过”“穿过”,往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等等 例如: Walk across the bridge, you will find the bookshop.走过桥,你就会找到那家书店。 The river runs through the city. 这条河从这座城市中间流过。 【考向5】方式介词in、 by与with in 表示“用某种语言”,也可表示“用工具、材料”等 by “by+交通工具名词”表示搭乘或借助某种交通工具,如:by bus / bike / plane /...,可与“take a/the+交通工具名词”互换。例如: by bus=take a /the bus “by+动词的ing形式”表示“通过……方式/手段”。例如: She makes a living by selling clothes.她通过卖衣服谋生。 with 表示“借助于某一具体的工具、材料或人体器官”。例如: I write with a pen. 我用钢笔写字。 易混易错 表示出行的方式也可用“in (on)+冠词(形容词性物主代词等)+交通工具名词”结构;表示“步行”用on foot。walk to...与go...on foot表示“步行去……”,在同一个句子中,两者不能同时使用。 【考向6】常见的介词短语 1.“动词+介词”的搭配。例如: look after照顾, look at看, look like看起来像……, look for寻找, look over仔细检查, listen to听, get to到达, wait for等待, take care of照顾、照料, fall off跌落, catch up with赶上, agree with同意, play with玩弄, knock at敲打, pay for为……付款, hear of听说, send for派人去叫, hear from收到某人的来信, cover...with...用……覆盖, fill...with...用……装满, get on...with...与……相处, stop...from...阻止……去做, point to指向, think about考虑, operate on给……动手术, depend on依靠, do with处置, have nothing to do with与……没关系, turn on 打开。 2.“be动词+形容词+介词”的搭配。例如: be good at擅长于……, be good for对……有益, be bad for对……有害, be late for迟到, be different from与……不同,be (become) interested in对……感兴趣, be weak in在……方面弱/不擅长, be worried about对……担心, be afraid of害怕, be famous/well-known for 因……而闻名, be famous/well-known as作为……而闻名, be proud of因……自豪, be short of短缺, be fond of喜欢, be tired of对……感到厌倦, be busy with忙于……, be strict with对……严格要求, be kind to对……友好, be ready for...为……而做准备。 3.“介词+名词”的搭配。例如: at school在校, at home在家, at work在工作, at night在夜晚, at the moment此刻, at this time of year在一年的这个时候, at the end of在……末端, at the beginning of在……开头, at once立刻, at the same time同时, at noon在中午, at the foot of在……脚下, by air坐飞机, by the way顺便说一下, by then到那时, for example例如, for a holiday度假, in English用英语, in the open air在户外, in front of在……前面, in bed在床上, in line排队, in trouble处于困境中, in a minute马上, in surprise惊奇地, on duty值日, on the way/on one's way (home)在(回家)的路上, of course当然, on top of在……顶部, on show展览。 随堂精练 基础题组 一．用适当的介词完成下列句子 1.There are many apples 　 　 the tree in our yard.  2.My grandpa died peacefully 　 　a cold winter afternoon.  3.Li Fei improved his spoken English 　 　 watching English documentaries.  4.There will be a dancing competition 　 　the sixteenth day of March.  5.The old man's garden is so beautiful 　 　spring that kids like to play there.  6.Lily is only six years old, but she is very good 　 　 cooking.  7.Mr.Lin's flight will arrive 　 　 half an hour.Let's take a taxi to the airport.  8.Miss Yang helped her neighbor buy two kilos 　 　 sugar on her way home.  9.Mary has been looking 　 　 her ruler for 10 minutes. But it is actually in her schoolbag.  10.The students usually have their first class 　 　eight o'clock 　 　the morning.  11.I like dancing and singing and often spend a lot of time　 　 them.  12.Where is the key 　 　the front door?  13.After school, I like playing computer games and chatting 　 　my friends 　 　the Internet.  14.I learned a lot 　 　 the other students in this class.  15.What do you think 　 　my new car?  16.I hurried to school 　 　breakfast this morning, so I feel hungry now.  17.The man is a great basketball player.We are all proud 　 　 him.  18.My mother will come home 　 　 the morning of August 8.  19.I grew up 　 　 the foot of the mountain.  20.That naughty boy hid 　 　 the door and waited for his friends to find him.  提升题组 一．单项选择 1.I can’t see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit ________ me. A．next to B．behind C．in front of D．on 2.Last Friday, we went camping in the countryside ________ Tony because he was ill. A．besides B．expect C．beside D．except 3.We should hang the food ________ the tree because bears can smell food ________ a long way away. A．on; from B．in; from C．on; for D．in; for 4.A big earthquake shook Türkiye _______ 4:17 _______ February 6th, 2023. Many people lost their lives in this earthquake. A．at; on B．in; on C．on; at D．at; at 5.The Chinese women’s table tennis team won the championship ______ February 24th, 2024. A．in B．on C．at D．for 二．正确形式填空 1.He didn’t want to go 　　　　　the expectation of his parents.(违反)  2.The app about how to learn Chinese is very popular 　　　　　the foreigners.(在……当中)  3.Walk 　　　　　(穿过) the bridge， and you’ll see the Panda House.  4.The temperature in our hometown usually drops 　　　　　(在……以下) zero in winter.  5.　　　　　(在……期间) his stay in Yancheng， he made some good friends.  6.Everyone was tired out because they worked w　　　　 a break until about eight in the evening.  7.Both jobs were very attractive， but I had to choose b　　　　　the two jobs.  8.You can use something simple l　　　　　a magazine or a newspaper.  三．语篇填空 介词填空 In the past few years， quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less challenging. They are afraid that the stress of work robs them1.　　　　　 joy and happiness and brings them harm both physically and mentally.  2.　　　　　 fact， however， stress isn’t such a bad thing. Above all， unless it gets out of control， a certain amount of stress is 3.　　　　　 importance as it provides people 4.　　　　　 motivation(动机)， challenges， and purposes. Besides， people under stress prefer to realize their potential(潜能) and achieve their own personal worth—the very purpose of a human life. Last but not least， research has showed that proper stress can strengthen the immune system(免疫系统) and is good 5.　　　　　 health.  Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to escape. Developing our abilities to deal with stress can prevent us 6.　　　　　 being defeated(打败) by competitive society.  二．冠词 【小学冠词考点聚焦】 一、概念：用于名词前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。 二、种类：不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词（\）。 三、特点：不能独立使用，只能在名词前，修饰名词; 除了固定搭配外，单数可数名词前必须有冠词。 四、考点： 1、不定冠词的用法 2、定冠词的使用：定冠词的用法 3、零冠词的用法 随堂精练 1．I have _______ English friend. He likes playing _______ football. A．a; the B．an; / C．an; the D．a; / 2．______ orange basketball on the table is Mr Wood’s. He likes playing _____ basketball very much. A．An; the B．The; the C．The; / D．An; / 3．I really like _______ book you lent me yesterday. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 4．I will buy ______ umbrella on Sunday. A．the B．an C．a D．/ 5．I learned a lot from _________ book. For example, oil is _________ kind of useful energy. A．a; an B．the; a C．the;/ D．an; the 6．My mom is ______ teacher. She’s ______ English teacher. A．a; an B．a; a C．an; a D．an; an 7．My sister likes playing ______ violin and I like playing ______ ping-pong. A．the; the B．the; / C．/; the D．/; / 8．—Is that _____ volleyball? —Yes. Bill likes playing _____ volleyball. _____ volleyball is his. A．the; a; / B．/; the; / C．/; the; The D．a; /; The 9．There is ______ apple tree in my garden. In ______ tree, there is ______ small house for the birds. A．an; the; a B．an; the; an C．the; the; a D．an; the; the 【初中冠词考点聚焦】 考点清单 【考向1】不定冠词的基本用法 用法 例词或例句 用于第一次提到的人或事物前 I saw a boy sleeping over there. 用来指一类人或事物中的任何一个 I want to buy an English book. 表示数量,相当于one或each I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 指某人或某物,但不具体指明是哪个人或物 A man is waiting for you at the gate. 表示类别,泛指某一类人或物 A horse is bigger than a rabbit. 表示“每一”的意思,相当于every once a week; 200 kilometres an hour 用在such、quite、rather、half、what等词之后 such a busy day; half an hour 用在某些固定搭配中 a bit; in a word; have a try 特别提醒 1.不定冠词a和an的区别 a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。判断一个单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头,要根据其读音,而不是仅仅根据其首字母。例如:a horse、an hour、an apple。 2.发音为元音音素开头的字母 26个字母中发音为元音音素开头的有12个,它们分别是a、e、f、h、i、l、m、n、o、r、s、x。例如: There is an “m” in the word “map”. 巧学妙记 1.巧记不定冠词a和an的区别: 冠词a、an两种帽,许多名词常需要。 开头读音若是元,要把an帽来戴好。 辅音起首用a帽,记住规律别乱套。 2.巧记不定冠词的用法: 不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”。可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体。某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。 【考向2】定冠词的基本用法 用法 例词或例句 特指有修饰语的或第二次提及的同一事物或谈话双方都知道的某个或某些人或事物 On the right there was a bed. And on the bed there was a toy. 用于由限制性定语所修饰的名词前,指一类人或事物中特定的人或事物 The man on the right is my father. 表示世界上独一无二的东西 the sun; the world; the Great Wall 用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物 The mobile phone is more useful than the camera. 用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级之前 the first floor; the tallest building 用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛的名称前 the Changjiang River; the Pacific 用在由普通名词构成的一些表示机构、文娱场所、商店、设施等专有名词前 the Science Museum; the Friendship Store 用在姓氏的复数形式前,指一家人或一对夫妇 the Smiths; the Wangs 和某些形容词连用,表示一类人,在意义上常是复数 the old; the rich; the sick 与某些名词所有格连用时表示“在……处” at the doctor's 用在乐器前 play the guitar 用在next、last、same、only等词前 the next moment 用在某些固定搭配中 all the year round; in the end 巧学妙记 巧记定冠词的基本用法: 特指重提与唯一,岛屿海峡和海湾; 海洋党派最高级,沙漠河流与群山; 方位顺序和乐器,年代团体与机关; 船名建筑和组织,会议条约与报刊; 姓氏复数国全名,请你记住用定冠。 【考向3】不用冠词(零冠词)的情况 情况 例词或例句 复数名词和物质名词表示泛指时 Cats like fish, don't they? 人名、地名、街道名、城市名、洲、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园、节日等专有名词前 Beijing Street; Mount Tai; Baiyun Airport; Teachers' Day 表示职位、身份、称呼、头衔的名词前 Mr. Green; head of our province 节假日、季节、月份、星期前 National Day; summer; May; Sunday 表示一日三餐、球类、语言、学科、棋类、游戏等名词前 have supper; play football 在与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前 by train; by bus 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时 this book; my son; Jack's bike 在某些固定搭配中 day and night; by mistake 特别提醒 1.节假日前一般不加冠词,但节日名中含有“Festival”的中国传统节日名前,通常要加the。例如: the Spring Festival 2.在表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词,但如果特指或指具体的饮食,可用定冠词;有修饰词时用不定冠词。例如: ①Were you at the lunch with the English teacher? ②I had a big supper just now. 3.某些短语中有无the表达的意义不同。例如: be in hospital 住院;be in the hospital 在医院;go to school 去上学;go to the school 去学校 巧学妙记 巧记不用冠词的情况: 不用冠词有几点,名前代词这那限; 星期月份和季节,专名球类及语言; 复数名词表泛指,棋类学科三餐前; 交通方式和节日,称呼职务与头衔; 颜色电视和国名,固定搭配记心间。 随堂精练 基础题组 一．用适当的冠词完成下列句子 1.There's 　 　 new schoolbag on Bill's desk.  2.Don't forget to turn left at 　 　third crossing.I'll wait for you there.  3.My grandma used to tell me 　 　old story before going to bed every night.  4.My red sweater is in the washing machine, so I have to choose 　 　another one.  5.It's very surprising that the 65-year-old man has 　 　e-mail address.  6.It is increasingly clear that 　 　Internet is becoming more and more important.  7.What's 　 　address of your new school,Lily? I would like to visit you next month.  8.We all believe that Michael will become 　 　 important and useful member of the society in the future.  9.　 　 Greens arrived in Beijing last week.They will leave for Shanghai this weekend.  10.There will be 　 　talk on teenage problems tomorrow. All the students are asked to attend 　 　 talk.  11.Tomorrow Mr.Smith will leave Paris, 　 　 capital of 　 　 France, for Washington by　 　 air.  12.We were having　 　lunch when they came in.  13.This is the book you gave me last week. 　 　 book is interesting.  14.What did you do 　 　 last Saturday?  15.March 8 is 　 　 Women's Day.  16.If 　 　 weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.  17.I prefer playing 　 　 piano to playing　 　 basketball.  18.At 　 　 age of five, he read a lot of books.  19.Tom and Lucy are of 　 　 same age.  20.　 　 harder we study, 　 　 more we learn.  提升题组 一．单项选择 1.My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填 2.My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece. A．a; an B．a; 不填 C．an; a D．an; 不填 3.After ________ school, I bought ________ present for my mother. A．/; a B．a; / C．a; the D．the; / 4.This is ________ story of friendship. Let’s read ________ story together. A．a; an B．an; the C．an; a D．a; the 5.Lao She is ________ great writer. He’s especially famous for ________ play Teahouse. A．an; the B．a; the C．an; a D．a; an 二．完成句子 1．Kevin is excellent baseball player. 2．Baicizhan is app to help us learn English words in a fun way. 3．Chinese people usually have big meal with their family and friends to celebrate important days. 4．I bought new handbag. There was “s” on the corner. 5．Our school asks every student to wear uniform on weekdays. 6．My family want to visit Great Wall this summer holiday. 7．Both of girls are ill today. 8．Could you please tell me where bank is? 9． Browns are going to visit Shenyang next week. 10．Here is English article. Can you read it? 三．语篇填空 请根据需要，在短文空格处填入合适的冠词，用零冠词的地方填“/”。 Wang Yueyue works at a supermarket in Yangzhou. 1.　　　　　 other day， her mobile phone travelled from Yangzhou to Shanghai for a day without its owner. And this story has brought 2.　　　　　 smile to lots of Chinese netizens(网民).  After she lost it on Monday， Wang didn’t expect to see 3.　　　　　 mobile phone again. Wang was packing vegetables into boxes to be sent to Shanghai to help with the city’s food supply(供应) during the lockdown(封控).  Wearing 4.　　　　　 sweater with small pockets， she had already dropped her phone on the floor three times before the phone disappeared. Looking around， Wang couldn’t find her phone anywhere. She guessed that it dropped in one of the boxes. Her sister posted on Sina Weibo: “Anyone in Shanghai who got a mobile phone in 5.　　　　　 delivery box(快递箱) please contact me. My sister was busy packing the supplies and carelessly left her phone in one of the boxes.”  6.　　　　　 post was quickly spread online. Wang Yongyong， a supply chain manager in 7.　　　　　 Shanghai’s Hongqiao Town， saw it on Tuesday. She， together with some volunteers， helped to search the packs and managed to find the phone in a truck.  Many local people said in their WeChat groups that they should try their best to find the phone in order not to fail the people who were helping them. It was 8.　　　　　 interesting experience for Wang Yueyue， and her mobile phone.  1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 介词、冠词 （小初考点差异及衔接） 一．介词 【小学介词考点聚焦】 一、定义：介词又叫前置词，是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词，它一般放在名词、代词（宾格）或动词（动词ing形式）前面，一般在句子中不单独作句子任何成分。 二、分类： 类别 例词 时间介词 at 、in、 on、 before 、after 、from 方位介词 on、 in、 at 、behind、 over、 above、 under 、below 动向介词 to、 into、 up、 down、 through、 along、 out of 方式介词 by、 on、 in 、with 原因介词 for 、from、 of 、with 随堂精练 1．The CPC was founded ________ July 23rd, 1921________ Shanghai. A．about; in B．on; in C．at; on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国共产党在1921年7月23日在上海被建立。本题考查时间介词和地点方位介词。about关于，on用在具体的某天，at用在具体的时刻点，在1921年7月23日用介词on。in在……里面，on在……上面，在上海用介词in，故选B。 2．I’m going to middle school ______ September. A．in B．for C．on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我九月要上中学。本题考查时间介词。在月份前面要用介词 in，in September表示 “在九月”；for+短时间；on用于具体某一天前面。故选A。 3．The CPC was founded ________ July 23rd, 1921 ________ Shanghai. A．at; in B．on; in C．at; on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国共产党1921年7月23日在上海建立。本题考查时间介词和地点方位介词。在具体某一天前面介词用on；在某个城市前面介词用in。选项B符合题意，故选B。 4．—The class starts at eight. —Oh! We are late. It’s a quarter ______ eight. A．and B．past C．to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—八点上课。—噢！我们迟到了。现在是八点十五分。本题考查时间介词，A并且，B超过，C少于(距整点差……)。选项B符合句意，故选B。 5．My birthday is ______ January 3rd. My brother’s birthday is ______ January, too. A．on; on B．on; in C．in; on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的生日在一月三号。我的哥哥/弟弟的生日也在一月。本题考查时间介词。on用在具体的某天或者某天的上下午晚上，in用在年份月份季节前，在一月三日用介词on，在一月用介词in，故选B。 6．Turn right _______ the hospital.  It’s next _______ the cinema. A．at; to B．in; near C．on; with D．in; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在医院处向右拐。它紧挨着电影院。本题考查地点方位介词和介词固定搭配。at在(某处)，in在……里，to到，near在……附近，on在……上，with和。第一空指在医院处，用介词at，next to紧挨着，故选A。 7．—______ are we going to eat? —______ seven. A．When; At B．Where; In C．What; On 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—我们什么时候吃？—在七点。本题考查疑问副词和时间介词，A什么时候，在，后跟时间；B哪里，在，后跟月份；C什么，在，后跟星期，根据答句句意可知选项A符合题意，故选A。 8．My birthday is ______ June. It’s ______ June 19th. A．in; on B．on; to C．to; at 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的生日在6月。它是6月19日。本题考查时间介词。表示月份用介词in，表示在具体某一天用介词on。故选A。 9．Turn right _________ the bus stop _______ Sun Street. A．in; on B．at; on C．on; at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在太阳接的公交车站向右转。本题考查地点方位介词。in在……里面，at在，on在……上面，在公交车站用介词at，在某条大街用介词on，故选B。 10．We have maths _______ Tuesday morning. And _______the afternoon, we have music. A．in; in B．on; in C．in; on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们周二早上有数学课。而且在下午，我们有音乐。本题考查时间介词和介词的固定搭配，与具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上连用要用介词on，on Tuesday morning在周二早上，in the afternoon在下午，故选B。 11．Miss Wang has breakfast _____ 7:00 _____ the morning. A．at; on B．in; in C．at; in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：王小姐在早上7点吃早餐。本题考查时间介词和介词的固定搭配，at其后加具体的点钟，in其后加较长的时间段或者在上午、下午或晚上，on其后加具体的某一天，7点，前用介词at，在早上in the morning，故选C。 12．I get up ______ 7:00 ______ the morning. A．in; in B．in; at C．at; in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我早上7点起床。本题考查时间介词和介词的固定搭配。in后跟年、月、季节等，at后跟具体点钟；in the morning在早上，固定搭配。故选C。 【初中介词考点聚焦】 考点清单 【考向1】介词的主要类别 表示时间 at, in, on, before, after, since, until, till, by, during, from...to..., past, to... 表示地点和方位 at, in, on, round, around, over, under, above, below, down, before, behind, between, among, up, in front of, in the front of, beside, next to, near... 表示空间运动 along, across, through, over, up, down, from, to, into, out of, towards... 表示方式、方法和手段 by, with, in, through, on... 表示原因 for, at, from, with, of, because of... 表示“除……以外” besides, except, except for... 其他常用介词 about, like, without, against, off... 【考向2】常见的时间介词 1.at, in, on at 侧重于表示时间点,用于时刻前。表示“在某一时刻”“在几点几分”,也可表示“在……(点)” at four /four o'clock 在四点 at a quarter to nine 九点差一刻 常用于固定搭配的短语中 at noon 在中午;at night 在夜晚;at/on weekends 在周末;at breakfast/ lunch /supper 在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭时;at this time of day 在每天的这个时候;at the moment此刻,现在;at Christmas 在圣诞节 in 强调某个时间段,常用于上午、下午、晚上或世纪、年、月、季节等之前。in+一段时间,一般用于一般将来时 in the morning /afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上; in the day 在白天 in July在七月;in 2012 在2012年;in March在三月;in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天; in the 21st century 在21世纪; in ten years十年后 on 表示具体的某一天,后接具体的日期,表示某一天的上午、下午、晚上,或用于有形容词修饰的某一天前等 on Sunday 在星期天;on weekdays 在工作日;on Friday morning/afternoon/evening 在星期五早上/上午/下午/晚上;on the afternoon of March 5th 在三月五日下午;on a cold winter evening 在一个寒冷冬天的晚上; on September 28th 在九月二十八日 用于公共节假日前 on New Year's Day 在元旦;on Children's Day 在儿童节;on Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夕 【考向3】常见的地点介词 表示地点的介词有in、 on、 at、 to 介词 用法 示例 in 重点 表示在某范围或空间内的某一点 in the park/garden 在公园里／在花园里 in the hospital 在医院 in the south of China 在中国南部 用于较大的地方（如：国家、城市等）前 in China在中国 in Beijing/Paris在北京／巴黎 at 重点 用于较小的地方（如：车站、机场等）前 at the airport 在机场 at Beijing West Railway Station 在北京西站 on 重点 表示与某地的毗邻关系 Russia is on the northeast of China. 俄罗斯与中国东北部接壤。 表示“在······上面”，与物体表面接触 on the desk 在桌子上 on the wall 在墙上 to 表示在某一地区之外的某个地方（不属于该范围） Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国东边。 【考向4】常见的方位介词 1.方位介词辨析图示 介词 用法 示例 at 表示“在某一点位置或具体位置（范围小） at the library, at the crossing, at the village in 表示“在某一个范围内（大地方）” in the classroom, in China 在某一个范围内 Zhuhai is in Guangdong. （广东内） on 两地接壤 The Pacific is on the east of China.（中国接壤） to 两地相隔 Japan is to the east of China.（中国范围外） between 在两者之间 between...and... I sit between Jane and Mary. among 在（三者或以上）之中 The song is very popular among teenagers. across 表面横过，如过桥、过河、过马路 Be careful while walking across the street. through 内部穿过，如穿过森林、门、玻璃、隧道 The light goes into the room through the window. past 侧面经过、路过 Please call me when walking past my house. on 表示“在…的表面上”，两者有接触 There is a book on the desk. over 表示“在…的正上方”，多暗示悬空，反义词为under There is a bridge over the river. above 表示“在…的上方”，但不一定在正上方， 也不接触另一物，反义词为be1ow There is a bird f1ying above the bridge. below 表示“在…的下方” Please do not write below this 1ine. under 表示“在…的正下方” There is a book under the desk. in a car/on the train 2.方位介词in、 on与 to 在表示方位时,in表示在某一地区内的某个方位(属于该范围);表示两地区“接壤”时,用介词on;表示“在某一范围之外(两地没有挨着)”时,用介词to。 3.besides, except besides 意为“而且”,侧重于“除……之外,还有”,表示加上 except 意为“除……之外”。在肯定句中,侧重把except后的宾语所涉及的部分排除在外,表示减去;在否定句中,except没有排他性 例如: There was another visitor besides me. 除了我之外,还有一位拜访者。(包括“我”在内共两人) The school library opens every day except Sunday. 学校图书馆除星期天外每天都开放。(星期天不开放) 易混易错 beside与besides的区别。beside用作介词,相当于be the side of,强调“在……旁”的含义。 4.across, through across(与on有关,表示从“面上”穿过) 意为“穿过”。强调穿过某一平面、表面。常与动词walk、go、run相连,相当于from side to side。across的前面加上一个动词如walk、go、run,相当于cross through (through与in有关,表示从“空间”纵穿) 表示“穿过,通过”。强调从某一空间内部“通过”“穿过”,往往指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等等 例如: Walk across the bridge, you will find the bookshop.走过桥,你就会找到那家书店。 The river runs through the city. 这条河从这座城市中间流过。 【考向5】方式介词in、 by与with in 表示“用某种语言”,也可表示“用工具、材料”等 by “by+交通工具名词”表示搭乘或借助某种交通工具,如:by bus / bike / plane /...,可与“take a/the+交通工具名词”互换。例如: by bus=take a /the bus “by+动词的ing形式”表示“通过……方式/手段”。例如: She makes a living by selling clothes.她通过卖衣服谋生。 with 表示“借助于某一具体的工具、材料或人体器官”。例如: I write with a pen. 我用钢笔写字。 易混易错 表示出行的方式也可用“in (on)+冠词(形容词性物主代词等)+交通工具名词”结构;表示“步行”用on foot。walk to...与go...on foot表示“步行去……”,在同一个句子中,两者不能同时使用。 【考向6】常见的介词短语 1.“动词+介词”的搭配。例如: look after照顾, look at看, look like看起来像……, look for寻找, look over仔细检查, listen to听, get to到达, wait for等待, take care of照顾、照料, fall off跌落, catch up with赶上, agree with同意, play with玩弄, knock at敲打, pay for为……付款, hear of听说, send for派人去叫, hear from收到某人的来信, cover...with...用……覆盖, fill...with...用……装满, get on...with...与……相处, stop...from...阻止……去做, point to指向, think about考虑, operate on给……动手术, depend on依靠, do with处置, have nothing to do with与……没关系, turn on 打开。 2.“be动词+形容词+介词”的搭配。例如: be good at擅长于……, be good for对……有益, be bad for对……有害, be late for迟到, be different from与……不同,be (become) interested in对……感兴趣, be weak in在……方面弱/不擅长, be worried about对……担心, be afraid of害怕, be famous/well-known for 因……而闻名, be famous/well-known as作为……而闻名, be proud of因……自豪, be short of短缺, be fond of喜欢, be tired of对……感到厌倦, be busy with忙于……, be strict with对……严格要求, be kind to对……友好, be ready for...为……而做准备。 3.“介词+名词”的搭配。例如: at school在校, at home在家, at work在工作, at night在夜晚, at the moment此刻, at this time of year在一年的这个时候, at the end of在……末端, at the beginning of在……开头, at once立刻, at the same time同时, at noon在中午, at the foot of在……脚下, by air坐飞机, by the way顺便说一下, by then到那时, for example例如, for a holiday度假, in English用英语, in the open air在户外, in front of在……前面, in bed在床上, in line排队, in trouble处于困境中, in a minute马上, in surprise惊奇地, on duty值日, on the way/on one's way (home)在(回家)的路上, of course当然, on top of在……顶部, on show展览。 随堂精练 基础题组 一．用适当的介词完成下列句子 1.There are many apples 　 　 the tree in our yard.  2.My grandpa died peacefully 　 　a cold winter afternoon.  3.Li Fei improved his spoken English 　 　 watching English documentaries.  4.There will be a dancing competition 　 　the sixteenth day of March.  5.The old man's garden is so beautiful 　 　spring that kids like to play there.  6.Lily is only six years old, but she is very good 　 　 cooking.  7.Mr.Lin's flight will arrive 　 　 half an hour.Let's take a taxi to the airport.  8.Miss Yang helped her neighbor buy two kilos 　 　 sugar on her way home.  9.Mary has been looking 　 　 her ruler for 10 minutes. But it is actually in her schoolbag.  10.The students usually have their first class 　 　eight o'clock 　 　the morning.  11.I like dancing and singing and often spend a lot of time　 　 them.  12.Where is the key 　 　the front door?  13.After school, I like playing computer games and chatting 　 　my friends 　 　the Internet.  14.I learned a lot 　 　 the other students in this class.  15.What do you think 　 　my new car?  16.I hurried to school 　 　breakfast this morning, so I feel hungry now.  17.The man is a great basketball player.We are all proud 　 　 him.  18.My mother will come home 　 　 the morning of August 8.  19.I grew up 　 　 the foot of the mountain.  20.That naughty boy hid 　 　 the door and waited for his friends to find him.  1.on　2.on 　3.by　4.on 　5.in 　6.at　7.in　8.of　9.for　10.at 　in　11.on　12.to 　13.with 　on14.from　15.of 　16.without 　17.of　18.on　19.at　20.behind 提升题组 一．单项选择 1.I can’t see the blackboard clearly because two tall boys sit ________ me. A．next to B．behind C．in front of D．on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我看不清黑板，因为两个高个子男孩坐在我前面。 考查介词辨析。next to在……旁边；behind在……后面； in front of在……前面（外部）；on在……上面。根据“I can’t see the blackboard clearly”可知看不清黑板，高个子男孩应是挡在了前面。故选C。 2.Last Friday, we went camping in the countryside ________ Tony because he was ill. A．besides B．expect C．beside D．except 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上周五，我们去乡下露营了，除了托尼，因为他病了。 考查介词辨析。besides除了，包括在内；expect期待；beside在……旁边；except除了，排除在外。根据“we went camping in the countryside…Tony because he was ill”可知，此处指除了Tony，“我们”去乡下露营了，因为Tony生病了，不包括Tony，应填介词except“除了”。故选D。 3.We should hang the food ________ the tree because bears can smell food ________ a long way away. A．on; from B．in; from C．on; for D．in; for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该把食物挂在树上，因为熊可以从很远的地方闻到食物的味道。 考查介词辨析。on在……上；in在……里；from来自；for为了。根据“the food”和“the tree”可知，食物不是生长在树上的，因此用介词短语in the tree表示“在树上”；from a long way away表示“从很远的地方”。故选B。 4.A big earthquake shook Türkiye _______ 4:17 _______ February 6th, 2023. Many people lost their lives in this earthquake. A．at; on B．in; on C．on; at D．at; at 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在2023年2月6日4时17分，土耳其发生了大地震。许多人在地震中丧生。 考查介词辨析。在具体的某一个时刻前用介词at；在具体的某一天前用介词on；在年份，月份，季节前及泛指的早上，下午或晚上前用介词in。“4:17”是具体时刻，应用at；“February 6th”是具体的某一天，应用on。故选A。 5.The Chinese women’s table tennis team won the championship ______ February 24th, 2024. A．in B．on C．at D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国女子乒乓球队在2024年2月24日赢得了冠军。 考查介词辨析。in用于表示在某个月份、季节、年份或者一段时间内；on表示具体的某一天；at用于表示在某个具体的时间点；for后跟时间段。根据“February 24th, 2024.”可知，此处时间具体到某一天，应使用on。故选B。 二．正确形式填空 1.He didn’t want to go 　　　　　the expectation of his parents.(违反)  答案　against　考查介词搭配。“违反”用介词against表示， go against“违背”，是固定短语。故填against。 2.The app about how to learn Chinese is very popular 　　　　　the foreigners.(在……当中)  答案　among　考查方位介词。句意:这个关于如何学习汉语的应用程序在外国人中很受欢迎。“在(三者或三者以上的人或物)之间”用among，故填among。 3.Walk 　　　　　(穿过) the bridge， and you’ll see the Panda House.  答案　across　考查方位介词。根据汉语提示可知，应填across，指从桥的表面“穿过”;walk across“走过”。 4.The temperature in our hometown usually drops 　　　　　(在……以下) zero in winter.  答案　below　考查方位介词。与zero搭配表示温度在零度以下用“below”， drop below zero指(气温)下降到零度以下。 5.　　　　　(在……期间) his stay in Yancheng， he made some good friends.  答案　During　考查时间介词。during his stay in Yancheng表示“在他待在盐城期间”。 6.Everyone was tired out because they worked w　　　　 a break until about eight in the evening.  答案　without　考查介词。根据“Everyone was tired out”并结合首字母提示可知，每个人都筋疲力尽是因为一直工作到晚上八点左右，中途没有休息，without“没有”，故填without。 7.Both jobs were very attractive， but I had to choose b　　　　　the two jobs.  答案　between　考查介词。根据上下文可知，是在两份工作之间做选择。between指“在两者之间”，故填between。 8.You can use something simple l　　　　　a magazine or a newspaper.  答案　like　考查介词。空后的a magazine or a newspaper是在举例子，故设空处表示“例如”，故填like。 三．语篇填空 介词填空 In the past few years， quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less challenging. They are afraid that the stress of work robs them1.　　　　　 joy and happiness and brings them harm both physically and mentally.  2.　　　　　 fact， however， stress isn’t such a bad thing. Above all， unless it gets out of control， a certain amount of stress is 3.　　　　　 importance as it provides people 4.　　　　　 motivation(动机)， challenges， and purposes. Besides， people under stress prefer to realize their potential(潜能) and achieve their own personal worth—the very purpose of a human life. Last but not least， research has showed that proper stress can strengthen the immune system(免疫系统) and is good 5.　　　　　 health.  Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to escape. Developing our abilities to deal with stress can prevent us 6.　　　　　 being defeated(打败) by competitive society.  1.of　rob sb. of sth.指“抢走某人的东西”，此处填of。 2.In　in fact是固定的搭配，指“事实上”。注意首字母要大写。 3.of　be of+名词= be + adj.。此处填of，与importance连用，指“重要的”。 4.with　provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.指“向某人提供某物”。此处填with。 5.for　be good for是固定搭配，指“对……有好处”。 6.from　prevent sb. from doing sth.指“阻止某人做某事”。同义词组有:stop sb. from doing sth.， keep sb. from doing sth.。 二．冠词 【小学冠词考点聚焦】 一、概念：用于名词前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。 二、种类：不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词（\）。 三、特点：不能独立使用，只能在名词前，修饰名词; 除了固定搭配外，单数可数名词前必须有冠词。 四、考点： 1、不定冠词的用法 2、定冠词的使用：定冠词的用法 3、零冠词的用法 随堂精练 1．I have _______ English friend. He likes playing _______ football. A．a; the B．an; / C．an; the D．a; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我有____英国朋友。他喜欢踢足球。本题考查不定冠词、动词短语。a修饰以辅音音素开头的单词，an修饰以元音音素开头的单词，English是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an；在球类、棋类名词前不用冠词，所以football足球前不用冠词，踢足球play football。故选B。 2．______ orange basketball on the table is Mr Wood’s. He likes playing _____ basketball very much. A．An; the B．The; the C．The; / D．An; / 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在桌子上的橙色篮球是伍德老师的。他非常喜欢打篮球。本题考查定冠词和零冠词。第一个空是特指桌子上的橙色篮球，特指名词前用the；play basketball打篮球，球类前不加冠词，故选C。 3．I really like _______ book you lent me yesterday. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我真的很喜欢昨天你借我的这本书，本题考查定冠词。这里的book特指“你昨天借给我的那本书”，表示特指要用定冠词the，故选C。 4．I will buy ______ umbrella on Sunday. A．the B．an C．a D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我在周日会买________雨伞。本题考查不定冠词。A表特指，B一把，C一把，D不填。a后接辅音音素发音开头的单词，an后接元音音素发音开头的单词。umbrella是元音音素发音开头的单词，故选B。 5．I learned a lot from _________ book. For example, oil is _________ kind of useful energy. A．a; an B．the; a C．the;/ D．an; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我从这本书中学到了很多。例如，石油是一种有用的能源。本题考查不定冠词和定冠词的用法，the book特指这本书，kind是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰，故选B。 6．My mom is ______ teacher. She’s ______ English teacher. A．a; an B．a; a C．an; a D．an; an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈是一名老师。她是一名英语老师。本题考查不定冠词。teacher以辅音音素开头，前面用a修饰，English以元音音素开头，前面用an修饰，故选A。 7．My sister likes playing ______ violin and I like playing ______ ping-pong. A．the; the B．the; / C．/; the D．/; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我姐姐喜欢拉小提琴，我喜欢打乒乓球。本题考查冠词和动词短语。乐器前要加the，球类前不加冠词，play the violin拉小提琴，play ping-pong打乒乓球，故选B。 8．—Is that _____ volleyball? —Yes. Bill likes playing _____ volleyball. _____ volleyball is his. A．the; a; / B．/; the; / C．/; the; The D．a; /; The 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—那是排球吗？—是的。比利喜欢打排球。这个排球是他的。本题考查冠词。问句表泛指，用a修饰；表示打排球，排球前不加冠词；最后一个空表特指，用定冠词the。故选D。 9．There is ______ apple tree in my garden. In ______ tree, there is ______ small house for the birds. A．an; the; a B．an; the; an C．the; the; a D．an; the; the 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的花园里有一颗苹果树。在树上，有一个供鸟住的小房子。本题考查冠词的用法。根据句意可知第一三个空表泛指，用a/an修饰，apple以元音音素开头，前面用an修饰，small以辅音音素开头，前面用a修饰，第二个空指已提到的物，用the，故选A。 【初中冠词考点聚焦】 考点清单 【考向1】不定冠词的基本用法 用法 例词或例句 用于第一次提到的人或事物前 I saw a boy sleeping over there. 用来指一类人或事物中的任何一个 I want to buy an English book. 表示数量,相当于one或each I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 指某人或某物,但不具体指明是哪个人或物 A man is waiting for you at the gate. 表示类别,泛指某一类人或物 A horse is bigger than a rabbit. 表示“每一”的意思,相当于every once a week; 200 kilometres an hour 用在such、quite、rather、half、what等词之后 such a busy day; half an hour 用在某些固定搭配中 a bit; in a word; have a try 特别提醒 1.不定冠词a和an的区别 a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。判断一个单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头,要根据其读音,而不是仅仅根据其首字母。例如:a horse、an hour、an apple。 2.发音为元音音素开头的字母 26个字母中发音为元音音素开头的有12个,它们分别是a、e、f、h、i、l、m、n、o、r、s、x。例如: There is an “m” in the word “map”. 巧学妙记 1.巧记不定冠词a和an的区别: 冠词a、an两种帽,许多名词常需要。 开头读音若是元,要把an帽来戴好。 辅音起首用a帽,记住规律别乱套。 2.巧记不定冠词的用法: 不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”。可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体。某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。 【考向2】定冠词的基本用法 用法 例词或例句 特指有修饰语的或第二次提及的同一事物或谈话双方都知道的某个或某些人或事物 On the right there was a bed. And on the bed there was a toy. 用于由限制性定语所修饰的名词前,指一类人或事物中特定的人或事物 The man on the right is my father. 表示世界上独一无二的东西 the sun; the world; the Great Wall 用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物 The mobile phone is more useful than the camera. 用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级之前 the first floor; the tallest building 用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛的名称前 the Changjiang River; the Pacific 用在由普通名词构成的一些表示机构、文娱场所、商店、设施等专有名词前 the Science Museum; the Friendship Store 用在姓氏的复数形式前,指一家人或一对夫妇 the Smiths; the Wangs 和某些形容词连用,表示一类人,在意义上常是复数 the old; the rich; the sick 与某些名词所有格连用时表示“在……处” at the doctor's 用在乐器前 play the guitar 用在next、last、same、only等词前 the next moment 用在某些固定搭配中 all the year round; in the end 巧学妙记 巧记定冠词的基本用法: 特指重提与唯一,岛屿海峡和海湾; 海洋党派最高级,沙漠河流与群山; 方位顺序和乐器,年代团体与机关; 船名建筑和组织,会议条约与报刊; 姓氏复数国全名,请你记住用定冠。 【考向3】不用冠词(零冠词)的情况 情况 例词或例句 复数名词和物质名词表示泛指时 Cats like fish, don't they? 人名、地名、街道名、城市名、洲、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园、节日等专有名词前 Beijing Street; Mount Tai; Baiyun Airport; Teachers' Day 表示职位、身份、称呼、头衔的名词前 Mr. Green; head of our province 节假日、季节、月份、星期前 National Day; summer; May; Sunday 表示一日三餐、球类、语言、学科、棋类、游戏等名词前 have supper; play football 在与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前 by train; by bus 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时 this book; my son; Jack's bike 在某些固定搭配中 day and night; by mistake 特别提醒 1.节假日前一般不加冠词,但节日名中含有“Festival”的中国传统节日名前,通常要加the。例如: the Spring Festival 2.在表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词,但如果特指或指具体的饮食,可用定冠词;有修饰词时用不定冠词。例如: ①Were you at the lunch with the English teacher? ②I had a big supper just now. 3.某些短语中有无the表达的意义不同。例如: be in hospital 住院;be in the hospital 在医院;go to school 去上学;go to the school 去学校 巧学妙记 巧记不用冠词的情况: 不用冠词有几点,名前代词这那限; 星期月份和季节,专名球类及语言; 复数名词表泛指,棋类学科三餐前; 交通方式和节日,称呼职务与头衔; 颜色电视和国名,固定搭配记心间。 随堂精练 基础题组 一．用适当的冠词完成下列句子 1.There's 　 　 new schoolbag on Bill's desk.  2.Don't forget to turn left at 　 　third crossing.I'll wait for you there.  3.My grandma used to tell me 　 　old story before going to bed every night.  4.My red sweater is in the washing machine, so I have to choose 　 　another one.  5.It's very surprising that the 65-year-old man has 　 　e-mail address.  6.It is increasingly clear that 　 　Internet is becoming more and more important.  7.What's 　 　address of your new school,Lily? I would like to visit you next month.  8.We all believe that Michael will become 　 　 important and useful member of the society in the future.  9.　 　 Greens arrived in Beijing last week.They will leave for Shanghai this weekend.  10.There will be 　 　talk on teenage problems tomorrow. All the students are asked to attend 　 　 talk.  11.Tomorrow Mr.Smith will leave Paris, 　 　 capital of 　 　 France, for Washington by　 　 air.  12.We were having　 　lunch when they came in.  13.This is the book you gave me last week. 　 　 book is interesting.  14.What did you do 　 　 last Saturday?  15.March 8 is 　 　 Women's Day.  16.If 　 　 weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.  17.I prefer playing 　 　 piano to playing　 　 basketball.  18.At 　 　 age of five, he read a lot of books.  19.Tom and Lucy are of 　 　 same age.  20.　 　 harder we study, 　 　 more we learn.  1.a　2.the 　3.an 　4./ 　5.an 　6.the　7.the　8.an　9.The　10.a　the　11.the　/　/　12./　13.The　14./ 15./　16.the　17.the　/　18.the　19.the　20.The　the 提升题组 一．单项选择 1.My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。 考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园，“garden”首字母发辅音音素，用a；第二处特指花园里的花，用定冠词the。故选A。 2.My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece. A．a; an B．a; 不填 C．an; a D．an; 不填 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈正在做一个苹果派，我想尝一口。 考查冠词用法。空一处泛指“一个苹果派”，且apple是以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an，可排除AB选项；空二是指“尝一块”，try a piece表示“尝一块”。故选C。 3.After ________ school, I bought ________ present for my mother. A．/; a B．a; / C．a; the D．the; / 【答案】A 【详解】句意：放学后，我给妈妈买了一件礼物。 考查冠词辨析。after school“放学后”，固定搭配，故第一空不填。第二空指“一份礼物”，表泛指，且present是以辅音音素开头的单词，应填a，故选A。 4.This is ________ story of friendship. Let’s read ________ story together. A．a; an B．an; the C．an; a D．a; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是一个关于友谊的故事。让我们一起读这个故事。 考查冠词用法。a不定冠词，表泛指，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用在以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指。句中“story”为单数可数名词，以辅音音素开头，且为第一次提到，应用不定冠词a；第二空中“story”是第二次提到，应用定冠词the表示特指，故选D。 5.Lao She is ________ great writer. He’s especially famous for ________ play Teahouse. A．an; the B．a; the C．an; a D．a; an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老舍是一位伟大的作家。他尤其因为话剧《茶馆》而出名。 考查冠词。a不定冠词，放在辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，放在元音音素开头的单词前； the定冠词，表特指。第一空表示泛指“一位”，great是辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。第二空表示特指“话剧《茶馆》”用定冠词the。故选B。 二．完成句子 1．Kevin is excellent baseball player. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：凯文是一名优秀的棒球运动员。“player”是可数名词单数，这里表示泛指“一名”，要用不定冠词。“excellent”是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词要用“an”，故填an。 2．Baicizhan is app to help us learn English words in a fun way. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：百词斩是一款帮助我们以有趣的方式学习英语单词的应用程序。此处泛指一款应用程序，应用不定冠词，app以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 3．Chinese people usually have big meal with their family and friends to celebrate important days. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：中国人通常与家人和朋友一起吃大餐来庆祝重要的日子。根据“have...big meal”可知，此处泛指吃一顿丰盛的饭菜，应用不定冠词，big是辅音音素开头的单词，应用a修饰，故填a。 4．I bought new handbag. There was “s” on the corner. 【答案】 a an 【详解】句意：我买了一个新手提包。在角落上有一个字母“s”。第一空泛指一个新手提包，且new是以辅音音素/n/开头，用不定冠词a表示“一个”；第二空泛指一个字母“s”，且“s”是以元音音素/e/开头，用不定冠词an表示“一个”。故填a；an。 5．Our school asks every student to wear uniform on weekdays. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：我们学校要求每个学生在平日穿校服。根据“every student”可知，此处应用不定冠词修饰uniform，表示泛指。uniform是以辅音因素开头的单词。故填a。 6．My family want to visit Great Wall this summer holiday. 【答案】the 【详解】句意：今年暑假，我们全家想去参观长城。the Great Wall长城，故填the。 7．Both of girls are ill today. 【答案】the 【详解】句意：两个女孩今天都生病了。根据“Both of...girls are ill today.”可知，此处特指“今天生病的两个女孩”，应用定冠词the。故填the。 8．Could you please tell me where bank is? 【答案】the 【详解】句意：你能告诉我银行在哪里吗？bank“银行”，可数名词，此处用定冠词特指提问者所说的那家银行，故填the。 9． Browns are going to visit Shenyang next week. 【答案】The 【详解】句意：布朗一家计划下周访问沈阳。“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示“某某一家人”，句首首字母大写，故填The。 10．Here is English article. Can you read it? 【答案】an 【详解】句意：这是一篇英语文章。你能读懂吗？结合“…English article”及语境可知，此处指“一篇”英语文章，且English发音是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an表泛指。故填an。 三．语篇填空 请根据需要，在短文空格处填入合适的冠词，用零冠词的地方填“/”。 Wang Yueyue works at a supermarket in Yangzhou. 1.　　　　　 other day， her mobile phone travelled from Yangzhou to Shanghai for a day without its owner. And this story has brought 2.　　　　　 smile to lots of Chinese netizens(网民).  After she lost it on Monday， Wang didn’t expect to see 3.　　　　　 mobile phone again. Wang was packing vegetables into boxes to be sent to Shanghai to help with the city’s food supply(供应) during the lockdown(封控).  Wearing 4.　　　　　 sweater with small pockets， she had already dropped her phone on the floor three times before the phone disappeared. Looking around， Wang couldn’t find her phone anywhere. She guessed that it dropped in one of the boxes. Her sister posted on Sina Weibo: “Anyone in Shanghai who got a mobile phone in 5.　　　　　 delivery box(快递箱) please contact me. My sister was busy packing the supplies and carelessly left her phone in one of the boxes.”  6.　　　　　 post was quickly spread online. Wang Yongyong， a supply chain manager in 7.　　　　　 Shanghai’s Hongqiao Town， saw it on Tuesday. She， together with some volunteers， helped to search the packs and managed to find the phone in a truck.  Many local people said in their WeChat groups that they should try their best to find the phone in order not to fail the people who were helping them. It was 8.　　　　　 interesting experience for Wang Yueyue， and her mobile phone.  答案　 1.The　the other day是固定搭配，指“几天前”。故填The。 2.a　bring a smile to sb.指“给某人带来欢乐”。故填a。 3.the　此处特指王月月丢失的那部手机。故填the。 4.a　sweater是可数名词，此处指“一件口袋很小的毛衣”。故填a。 5.a　box是可数名词，此处泛指“一个快递箱”。故填a。 6.The　此处特指王月月的姐姐在网上发布的帖子。故填The。 7./　在表示地名的专有名词前，通常不需要加冠词。故不填冠词。 8.an　空格后的experience指“经历”，是可数名词，interesting以元音音素开头，故填an。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$