专题01 名词、代词(小初考点差异及衔接)-【小升初】2025年新七年级英语暑期衔接讲义(通用版)

2025-06-06
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 七年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 名词,代词
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2025-06-06
更新时间 2025-06-06
作者 小米夏
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-06-06
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专题01名词、代词 (小初考点差异及衔接) 一 名词 【小学名词考点聚焦】 一、概念:用来表示人或事物名称的词。 二、种类: 1、专有名词:表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名称。 2、普通名词:是指一类人或东西或是一个抽象的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类:(个体名词和集体名词是可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词) 三.考点 1.可数名词的数(可数名词变复数的规则和不规则变化) 2、不可数名词一般只有原形,没有复数形式,但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时,量词需要用复数形式,不可数名词不变。 e.g. a bottle of water ,a cup of coffee,two glasses of milk ,five bags of rice 4、名词所有格 (1)大多数表示有生命的东西。e.g. Tom’s book (2)如果复数名词末尾已有s,就直接加 ’ 。e.g. the teachers’ office (3)如果一些物品为两者共有,只需在后一个名词后加’s ; 如果为各自所有,则需在每个名词后加’s。 e.g. Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.(Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室) Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms.(Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室) (4)表示无生命的物体的名词所有格,一般与of短语连用。e.g. a map of the world ,a photo of my family (5)双重所有格:把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。e.g. a friend of my father’s 随堂精练 1.December is the ________ month of the year. ________ is in December. A.twelve; Teachers’ Day B.twelfth; Children’s Day C.twelfth; Christmas 2.—Are vegetables _______ food? —Yes. They’re good for our _______. A.healthy; health B.health; health C.healthy; healthy D.health; healthy 3.Mrs Wang wants to go to a _____ shop to buy a pair of ______ for her son. A.shoe; shoe B.shoe; shoes C.shoes; shoes D.shoes; shoe 4.A: What’s _____ job? B: He’s a policeman. A.my father B.father C.my father’s D.my fathers 5.—What do you want? —I want some _________. A.vegetables B.hamburger C.noodle 6.We bought some pizza, some apples and ______ for the picnic. A.6 bottle of juice B.6 bottles of juice C.6 bottles of juices 【初中名词考点聚焦】 考点清单 【考向1】名词的分类 专有名词 Einstein, Beijing, CCTV, December, the Spring Festival, the Great Wall... 普通名词 可数 名词 个体 名词 book, kid, friend, scarf, sweater, boat, library... 集体 名词 people, class, family, police... 不可数 名词 物质 名词 beef, meat, wood, water, air, bread... 抽象 名词 wealth, honesty, love, ability, health... 复合名词 grandfather, blackboard, classroom, birthday, housework, newspaper... 【考向2】名词的数 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 一般情况直接加-s map/maps, Indian/Indians, book/books, pencil/pencils 以s、 x、 ch、 sh等结尾的单词加-es brush/brushes, church/churches,watch/watches, dish/dishes 以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es story/stories, baby/babies, key/keys, city/cities, day/days 以f,fe 结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加-es half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife/wives 以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-es tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes, potato/potatoes, Negro/Negroes 表示无生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-s radio/radios, piano/pianos, photo/photos, zoo/zoos 注意:zero的复数形式有两种,即zeros/zeroes ★元音字母o结尾的名词变复数 小贴士: 名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。 例如:hero/heroes、 tomato/tomatoes、 potato/potatoes、 zero/zeros或zeroes ★以f,fe结尾的名词变复数   以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆: 小贴士: 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。 例如:leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen oo变ee式 tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese 词尾加-ren child/children 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 易混易错 man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。 ★有些名词单数与复数形式相同 小贴士:单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如: Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep ★有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词) 小贴士:世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如: Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。 3. 不可数名词的分类 物质 名词 食物 bread, meat, rice, food, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken... 饮料 juice, milk, tea, water, cola, coffee... 自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood... 抽象 名词 情感、概念 peace, love, friendship, joy, happiness, time, news, population, knowledge... 学科 Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, politics, history... 国家、城市 等专有名词 China, England, Japan, Sydney... 小贴士: 不可数名词成员多,常用词语记心头。茶水牛奶兑橘汁,米肉面包和食品;作业家务工作忙,幸福时间钱财多。即tea、 water、 milk、 orange、 rice、 meat、 bread、 food、 homework、 housework、 work、 happiness、 time、 money。 4.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词 名词 用作可数名词 用作不可数名词 fish 表示条数,单数复数形式相同 意为“鱼肉” 表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es glass “玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜” 意为“玻璃” orange 意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s 意为“橙汁;橙色” room 意为“房间”,复数加-s 意为“余地;地方;空间” paper 意为“文件;试卷; 报纸”,复数加-s 意为“纸” work 意为“著作”,复数加-s 意为“工作” chicken 意为“小鸡”,复数加-s 意为“鸡肉” light 意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s 意为“光线” 【考向3】名词的所有格 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 易混易错 's不全是名词所有格 It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。) My dog is from China, but her dog's from Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dog is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。) 随堂精练 基础题组 根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Johnny is so hungry that he can eat up all the    (bread).  2.This morning market sells different kinds of fresh    (fish).  3.How amazing! The little cat caught two    (mouse) last night.  4.The little boy has to peel three baskets of    (potato) before lunch.  5.Jack spent about two hours sweeping    (leaf) in the back garden.  6.It's about twenty    (minute) drive from my house to the park.  7.There are few spelling and grammar    (mistake) in Lily's homework.  8.The old man likes reading books very much.He owns two private    (library).  9.There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are    (man) teachers.  10.The worst thing about working in the shopping mall is that you're on your    (foot) all day.  11.Different people have different    (hobby).  12.You can look for    (information) about the shop on the Internet.  13.She bought a pair of    (glove).  14.—Are those    (sheep)?  —No, they aren't.They're    (cow).  15.15.15.  ( Lucy and Lily ) room is on the 5th floor.  提升题组 一.正确形式填空 1.My mother prepared a basket of (strawberry) for our picnic. 2.Many young people choose to have a yogurt between (meal). 3.Whenever we have any problem, our parents will give us some (advice). 4.The Double Ninth Festival offers people a chance to love our and respect them.  (old) 5.The word “match” has several different (mean). 6.On her 12th birthday, Kitty got a lot of special (present) from her friends 7.The girl likes to collect different . She finds them so beautiful. (leaf) 8.Every year many come here to see the milu deer. (visit) 9.It’s amazing that the mountain stands 6000 (foot) above the sea. 10.Please look after the (fireman) clothes. They will come back soon. 11.The watch may be one of those (gentleman). He looks worried. 12.It’s about ten (minute) walk from my home to school. 13.You can see (mouse) everywhere in India. 二.请根据括号内的提示填空。 It was late at night. Two 1.     (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found somebody slipping into their room to try his 2.     (lucky). She had three thousand dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.     (小偷) usually bring lethal weapons(凶器) with them,” she thought in 4.     (silent) and worried about her 5.     (safe). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a6.     (sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room with luxurious(奢华的) 7.     (decorate). When he was looking for some 8.     (钱) or jewellery in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. In five 9.     (minute) time, the police showed up. Finally, the police caught the man. For Mrs. Green, it was really one of the most unusual 10.     (经历).  二 代词 【小学代词考点聚焦】 一、概念:代词(pronoun,缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词、数词的词。 二、种类: 1、人称代词:表示你、我、她、他、它、你们、我们、他们、的 词。人称代词 有人称、数和格的变化。 2、物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。 3、反身代词:表示动作返回到动作执行者本身的词。 4、指示代词:指示人或事物的代词叫指示代词。 5、不定代词:没有明确指定代替某个(些)人或物的词叫不定代词。 (1)some和any (2)both和all (3)many和much (4)each和every (5)other、others、the other、another (6)something和everything (7) nobody 没有人 (8) either 和 neither (9) little 、a little 、few、a few 6、疑问代词:用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词,一般放在疑问句的句首。 随堂精练 1.Let ________ tell you ________ about my community. A.me; something B.I; something C.we; anything 2.Can you tell me _______ more _______ Beijing? A.something; at B.anything; about C.something; about 3.Kate often meets ________ friend Mary on ________ way home. A.her; her B.hers; her C.her; them 4.—Do you like this pair of shoes? —Yes. Can I _______? A.try it on B.try them on C.try on it D.try on them 5.Look at these children! _______ cute, and everyone likes _______. A.He’s; hem B.They’re; him C.They’re; them D.He’s; they 6.—Would you like some more noodles? —Yes, just ______, please. A.a few B.few C.a little D.little 7.It’s time to _______, please. A.wake up her B.wake she up C.wake her up D.wake up she 8._______ shoes are bigger? A.Who B.What C.Whose D.When 9.They are _____ good friends. Please look after______. A.I; their B.my; them C.me; they D.I; she 10.There aren’t _______ apples on the plate, but there are _______ on the table. A.some; any B.some; some C.any; any D.any; some 【初中冠词考点聚焦】 考点清单 【考向1】人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 数人称 单  数 复  数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称 代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 【考向2】人称代词的用法 1.人称代词有单数和复数之分。人称代词主格用作主语,置于谓语动词之前。例如: She is a good teacher. 她是一名好老师。 They are good teachers. 他(她)们是好老师。 小贴士: 开头主语用主格,主格常置谓语前, 复数概念全用are。 2.几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是: 单数:“二、三、一”(单数人称为you、 he/she/it、 I) 复数:“一、二、三”(复数人称为we、you、 they);在自我批评或承担责任时则把I放在前面。例如: Sorry, I and he have made a mistake. 对不起,我和他犯了个错误。 小贴士: 代词并列作主语,排列顺序记心间。复数人称一二三,单数人称二三一。承担责任I领先,you站后面I心安。 3.人称代词宾格的用法。人称代词宾格常用作宾语,置于动词和介词后,构成动宾和介宾结构。有时在口语中还用作表语,也可以放在be动词之后作主语补足语。例如: Let me help you.(you用作宾语,构成动宾结构) The new bag is for him.(him用作宾语,构成介宾结构) Who's that? It's me, Tom.(me作表语,用于非正式语体中) 小贴士: 宾格充当宾和表。宾格处在介动后。 【考向3】物主代词的用法 1.物主代词的构成 小贴士: 物主代词有两类,一是“形”二是“名”。我的my,你的your,男的his,女的her,它的its别加点,我们的our,你们的your,他们的their别混用。见到“名词”就上前,“形代”总站名词前,转变“名代”加个-s。留下his与its,唯独my变为mine。 2.物主代词的用法 (1)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的关系。 形容词性物主代词后面要跟名词,而名词性物主代词后则不能再跟名词,它们的关系可以理解为“形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词”。例如: This is my pen. That isn't mine.这是我的钢笔。那不是我的。(mine相当于my pen) (2)名词性物主代词常用于指代上下文所提到的东西,以避免重复。例如: This is his bag.=This bag is his.这个包是他的。 That is her book.= That book is hers. 那本书是她的。 小贴士: “形代”爱交友,单独它不走。和冠词,不相连,“形代”总在名词前。没有“形物”用“名代”,单数复数要分清。作主语,数一致,单复数看后面的“名”。 易混易错 his和its既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词。在使用上要区分。例如: This is its bone. / This bone is its. 这个骨头是它的。 3.含有物主代词的固定短语 on one's way to 在某人去……的路上;with one's help 在某人的帮助下;all one's life 一生,终生;to one's surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是;to one's joy 使某人高兴的是;change one's mind 改变主意;take one's time 不急;try / do one's best 尽某人最大的努力;in one's way 挡路,妨碍。 【考向4】反身代词的用法 1.反身代词的构成 反身代词随着人称变化而变化。反身代词由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词以及第三人称代词宾格词尾加-self或-selves构成,有单数、复数之分。 易混易错 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用“形物”,复数-ves代替f。 2.反身代词的常用短语 by oneself=on one's own 单独,靠某人自己;all by oneself 全靠自己;enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得高兴,过得愉快;teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学;help oneself to 随便吃,自己吃;hurt oneself 伤着自己;for oneself 为自己;devote oneself 献身于;come to oneself 恢复常态;say to oneself 自言自语;dress oneself 给自己穿衣服; lose oneself 失去自我。 【考向5】复合不定代词的用法 1.复合不定代词的构成 指人的复合不定代词一般是由some、 any、 every、 no等加上-body/-one构成的。指物的复合不定代词一般是由some、 any、 every、no等加上-thing构成的。 2.复合不定代词的用法 (1)something、 somebody、 someone通常用于肯定句;anything、 anybody、 anyone用于否定句和疑问句。表示邀请、请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时常用something、 somebody、 someone。复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如: Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长。 (2)复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,一般是形容词放在复合不定代词之后。例如: Is there anything new in today's newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新东西吗?  (3)动词不定式、介词短语修饰复合不定代词(副词)时须后置,作后置定语。例如: Could you give me something to eat? 你能给我一些吃的吗?  (4)复合不定代词与else 一词相连时,应注意else 必须置于复合不定代词之后。例如: There is nothing else in the bag. 包里没有别的东西了。  3.复合不定代词的转换 (1)anything一般用于否定句和疑问句;not...anything相当于nothing;nothing是否定词,不与否定词not连用。 (2)anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句,not...anybody相当于nobody。例如: There isn't anybody in the room. / There is nobody in the room.房间里没有人。 易混易错 everyone不可写成every one。everyone一般用来指人,相当于everybody,意为“人人,每人”。every one意为“每个”。everyone后面不能跟of短语,而every one后面可跟of短语,此时的every one可指人或物。 【考向6】普通不定代词的用法 1.other, the other, others, the others, another 意义 习惯搭配 备注 other “另外的,其他的”,泛指“另一些人或物” other+复数名词=others 常起形容词作用,多修饰复数名词 the other 表示两个人或物中的另一个或另一部分,特指“两者中的另一个”;若把三者或三者以上的人或物分成两部分来叙述,则指“另外几个(或一些)” one...the other..., the other+名词 others 泛指“另一些(不是其余全部)” some...others 只能作代词,该词不能指“其余全部的人或物” the others 特指范围内的“其余的人或物”或已知的人或物中“(除……之外)其余的全部” some...the others another 表示三个或更多的人或物中同类的另一个;特指多数中还没提及的“另一个”“再一个” one...another 该词还可表示“又”“再”放于数字前,如another two weeks 2.it, one it 可以代替上文出现过的名词,但it通常代替上文所提事物本身,有特指作用,即同类同物。it既可代替可数名词单数,也可代替不可数名词 one 指代上文中出现的可数名词单数形式,使句子更简洁。one指代的名词与上文中出现的名词不是同一事物,而是同类事物中的另外一个,即同类异物 例如: My brother has a nice bag. I want to use it. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想用一下。(同类事物,且指同一个书包)  My brother has a nice bag. I want to buy one. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想去买一个。(同类事物,但不是指同一个书包)  3.no one, none no one= nobody 意为“没有人”,只指人,不指代物。一般不和of相连。当no one作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 none 意为“一个人也没有”,既可用来代替人,表示“(三个以上)一个也没有”,也可用来代替物(可数与不可数皆可),表示“没有任何东西” 指“(三个或三个以上的人或物中)没有一个人或物”,常与of连用,表示全部否定。作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数 例如: No one is perfect. 人无完人。 None of the stories are (is) interesting. 没有一个故事有意思。 易混易错 用who, what提问的句子用no one/nobody或nothing来回答。在简略回答中,none用来回答How many...?/ How much...? 的疑问句。 4.little, a little, few, a few little 很少的;几乎没有 表示否定,修饰不可数名词。比较级为less,最高级为least,反义词是much (more, most) 例如:There is little milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里几乎没有牛奶了。 a little 一些,一点,少量 表示肯定,修饰不可数名词 例如:There is a little water in my bottle. I can give you some. 我的水瓶里有一些水,我可以给你一些。 few 少数的;几乎没有 表示否定,修饰可数名词的复数。比较级是fewer,最高级为fewest,反义词是many (more, most) 例如:Lily has few apples. Lily 几乎没有苹果。 a few 一些,几个 表示肯定,修饰可数名词的复数 例如:I'm going to buy a few bananas. 我打算去买一些香蕉。 5.every, each every 强调整体,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,只能作定语。还可与not连用构成部分否定 each 强调个人,用于两者或两者以上,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等,后面可以跟表示范围的of...结构。不可以与not连用 例如: Every boy in the room knows it. 房间里的每个男孩都知道它。 Each of them has read this book. 他们中的每个人都读过这本书。 【考向7】指示代词的用法 指示代词 近指 远指 单数 复数 this √ √ that √ √ these √ √ those √ √ 小贴士: 指示代词四兄弟,近指远指有规律。this、 that是单数,these、 those是复数;this、 these说“近处”,that、 those表“远处”。 易混易错 1.在回答this或that(指物时)为主语的疑问句时,用it代替this或that。that is可以缩写成that's,而this is却不能缩写为this's。在回答主语是these或those的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,通常用they来代替问句的these或those,以避免重复。例如: —Are those her books? 那些是她的书吗? —Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 是的, 它们是。/ 不, 它们不是。 2.在电话用语中,用this指代自己,that指代对方。例如: —Hello! This is Li Ping. Who's that? 你好,我是李平。你是哪位? —Hey, Li Ping. This is Wang Hai. 嘿,李平。我是王海。 【考向8】疑问代词的用法 疑问代词 意义 基本用法 例句 who 谁 who是主格,询问人的身份或对句子中的人进行提问,在句子中充当主语或表语的角色。who与is相连可缩写成who's(谁是),与whose同音 —Who is not here? (who作主语) —Han Meimei isn't here. —Who's that? (who作表语) —That's Lucy. whom 谁 whom是宾格,用作宾语,但在口语中,也可用who作宾语,但是在介词的后面只能用whom Whom did you go to the park with?你和谁一起去的公园? whose 谁的 whose既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词,不可与who's混在一起 Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车? what 什么 指物,对句子中的事物或一些名词进行提问 What color bike do you have? 你有什么颜色的自行车? which 哪个 用于对“定语”进行提问,通常用于在一个确定的、有限的范围内做出选择 —Which color is your bike, black or blue? 你的自行车是哪种颜色,黑色的还是蓝色的? —The black one. 黑色的。 【考向9】it用作形式主语的用法 (1)It's time for sb. to do sth./ It's time for sth.; (2)It takes sb. some time to do sth.; (3)It costs/cost sb. some money to do sth.; (4)It is one's turn to do sth.; (5)It's +名词/形容词+(for/ of sb.)+不定式; 随堂精练 基础题组 根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This isn't Julie's notebook.   (she) is in her schoolbag.  2.You have to ask Mike    (he).Nobody else knows his address.  3.These flowers belong to Miss Wang.They are as beautiful as    (we).  4.“Sit down and make    (you) at home, boys and girls!” said Mrs.Li kindly.  5.George introduced us to some friends of    (he) at the party.  6.—Oh, I'm feeling so thirsty and tired.—   (I), too.  7.This physics problem isn't hard at all.I can work it out    (I).  8.    (I) Chinese teacher asked me with whom I had discussed the problem.  9.—Do you know Alice?—Yes.I know    (she) very well.We have been friends for long.  10.This English dictionary is not mine.It must be    (Tom).  11.Lily's backpack is much bigger than    (me).  12.Mrs.Guo teaches    (we) history.  13.We should always keep     (we) away from danger.  14.I found it impossible for     (he) to work out the maths problem.  15.The boy who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with     (he) own name in it as a souvenir.  16.These boys have been able to dress     (them) at the age of five.  17.Betty and her sister went to the museum with a relative of    (them).  18.—Is this your cousin's sweater? —No.    (she) is on the chair behind the desk.  提升题组 一.正确形式填空 1.Hey, guys! Are you in Hainan now? Hope you’ll enjoy      there!(you)  2.She told a white lie and kept the secret to      .(her)  3.—Whose book is it, Ken? —It’s      (I).  4.Girls, I believe that you all can solve these problems by y     .  5.Nick and Nora have a lot in common.      (they) favourite China’s star runner is Su Bingtian.  6.Many people taught      (they) to cook instead of ordering takeout food.  7.When he was only a child, he found      (he) interested in math.  8.We can clean our room first and      (they) a little later.  9.—Do you know that girl who is speaking to Mr. Wang? —Yes, she’s Tina. I’m a friend of      (她的).  10.Kids were reminded to take some money with      (they) before the school trip.  二.代词选词填空   “Without the ball, 1.     (myself, my) life is incomplete,” Luis Figo, one of the world’s greatest football players, once said.  The Portuguese played his first international match at the age of 17. He reached a new mark by playing 2.   (his, him) hundredth match for his national team. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for3.     (him,them). “Figo! Figo!” 4.     (all, both) shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.  The Real Madrid player wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win 5.     (another, other) Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Real Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona, and he showed 6.     (everyone, someone) what a great player he was by winning FIFA’s Footballer of the Year award in 2001.  “Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,” said former FIFA president Joseph S.Blatter. Figo 7.     (himself, he) was a real leader 8.     (who, which) always tried his best on the field and a good team player. He didn’t have any problems working together with his teammate David Beckham. In fact, Figo was the first 9.     (one, that) to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team, and we can help each 10.     (other, another) and work together to be successful,” Figo said.  1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 专题01名词、代词 (小初考点差异及衔接) 一 名词 【小学名词考点聚焦】 一、概念:用来表示人或事物名称的词。 二、种类: 1、专有名词:表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名称。 2、普通名词:是指一类人或东西或是一个抽象的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类:(个体名词和集体名词是可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词) 三.考点 1.可数名词的数(可数名词变复数的规则和不规则变化) 2、不可数名词一般只有原形,没有复数形式,但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时,量词需要用复数形式,不可数名词不变。 e.g. a bottle of water ,a cup of coffee,two glasses of milk ,five bags of rice 4、名词所有格 (1)大多数表示有生命的东西。e.g. Tom’s book (2)如果复数名词末尾已有s,就直接加 ’ 。e.g. the teachers’ office (3)如果一些物品为两者共有,只需在后一个名词后加’s ; 如果为各自所有,则需在每个名词后加’s。 e.g. Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.(Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室) Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms.(Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室) (4)表示无生命的物体的名词所有格,一般与of短语连用。e.g. a map of the world ,a photo of my family (5)双重所有格:把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。e.g. a friend of my father’s 随堂精练 1.December is the ________ month of the year. ________ is in December. A.twelve; Teachers’ Day B.twelfth; Children’s Day C.twelfth; Christmas 【答案】C 【详解】句意:十二月是一年中的________月。________在十二月。本题考查序数词和专有名词,A十二;教师节。 B第十二;儿童节。C第十二;圣诞节。第一空用序数词twelfth表示第十二个月;圣诞节在十二月。故选C。 2.—Are vegetables _______ food? —Yes. They’re good for our _______. A.healthy; health B.health; health C.healthy; healthy D.health; healthy 【答案】A 【详解】句意:—蔬菜是健康的食物吗?—是的。它们对我们的身体有好处。本题考查形容词的用法和不可数名词。health健康,名词;healthy健康的,形容词。第一空是修饰名词food,用形容词healthy;第二空形容词物主代词our后面接名词health。故选A。 3.Mrs Wang wants to go to a _____ shop to buy a pair of ______ for her son. A.shoe; shoe B.shoe; shoes C.shoes; shoes D.shoes; shoe 【答案】B 【详解】句意:王女士想去一家鞋店为儿子买一双鞋。本题考查可数名词单复数用法。shoe shop表示鞋店,shoe作定语修饰shop,用单数;a pair of shoes表示一双鞋,shoe是可数名词,一双鞋要用复数shoes,故选B。 4.A: What’s _____ job? B: He’s a policeman. A.my father B.father C.my father’s D.my fathers 【答案】C 【详解】句意:A:我父亲是做什么工作的?B:他是一名警察。本题考查名词所有格。我父亲my father,所有格形式my father’s,可以修饰后面的可数名词job工作,故选C。 5.—What do you want? —I want some _________. A.vegetables B.hamburger C.noodle 【答案】A 【详解】句意:—你想要什么?—我想要一些蔬菜。本题考查可数名词及其单复数和名词辨析。A蔬菜,B汉堡包,C面条。根据题干中some,可知其后的名词要用复数形式,vegetables蔬菜,名词复数。故选A。 6.We bought some pizza, some apples and ______ for the picnic. A.6 bottle of juice B.6 bottles of juice C.6 bottles of juices 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我们为野餐买了一些披萨,一些苹果和6瓶果汁。本题考查可数名词及其单复数和不可数名词。bottle是可数名词,瓶子,根据6可知bottle用复数bottles,排除A。juice是不可数名词,果汁,排除C。6 bottles of juice是6瓶果汁。B符合题意,故选B。 【初中名词考点聚焦】 考点清单 【考向1】名词的分类 专有名词 Einstein, Beijing, CCTV, December, the Spring Festival, the Great Wall... 普通名词 可数 名词 个体 名词 book, kid, friend, scarf, sweater, boat, library... 集体 名词 people, class, family, police... 不可数 名词 物质 名词 beef, meat, wood, water, air, bread... 抽象 名词 wealth, honesty, love, ability, health... 复合名词 grandfather, blackboard, classroom, birthday, housework, newspaper... 【考向2】名词的数 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 一般情况直接加-s map/maps, Indian/Indians, book/books, pencil/pencils 以s、 x、 ch、 sh等结尾的单词加-es brush/brushes, church/churches,watch/watches, dish/dishes 以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es story/stories, baby/babies, key/keys, city/cities, day/days 以f,fe 结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加-es half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife/wives 以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-es tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes, potato/potatoes, Negro/Negroes 表示无生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-s radio/radios, piano/pianos, photo/photos, zoo/zoos 注意:zero的复数形式有两种,即zeros/zeroes ★元音字母o结尾的名词变复数 小贴士: 名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。 例如:hero/heroes、 tomato/tomatoes、 potato/potatoes、 zero/zeros或zeroes ★以f,fe结尾的名词变复数   以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆: 小贴士: 树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。 例如:leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives 2.可数名词复数的不规则变化 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen oo变ee式 tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese 词尾加-ren child/children 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 易混易错 man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。 ★有些名词单数与复数形式相同 小贴士:单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如: Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep ★有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词) 小贴士:世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如: Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。 3. 不可数名词的分类 物质 名词 食物 bread, meat, rice, food, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken... 饮料 juice, milk, tea, water, cola, coffee... 自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood... 抽象 名词 情感、概念 peace, love, friendship, joy, happiness, time, news, population, knowledge... 学科 Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, politics, history... 国家、城市 等专有名词 China, England, Japan, Sydney... 小贴士: 不可数名词成员多,常用词语记心头。茶水牛奶兑橘汁,米肉面包和食品;作业家务工作忙,幸福时间钱财多。即tea、 water、 milk、 orange、 rice、 meat、 bread、 food、 homework、 housework、 work、 happiness、 time、 money。 4.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词 名词 用作可数名词 用作不可数名词 fish 表示条数,单数复数形式相同 意为“鱼肉” 表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es glass “玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜” 意为“玻璃” orange 意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s 意为“橙汁;橙色” room 意为“房间”,复数加-s 意为“余地;地方;空间” paper 意为“文件;试卷; 报纸”,复数加-s 意为“纸” work 意为“著作”,复数加-s 意为“工作” chicken 意为“小鸡”,复数加-s 意为“鸡肉” light 意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s 意为“光线” 【考向3】名词的所有格 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 易混易错 's不全是名词所有格 It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。) My dog is from China, but her dog's from Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dog is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。) 随堂精练 基础题组 根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Johnny is so hungry that he can eat up all the    (bread).  2.This morning market sells different kinds of fresh    (fish).  3.How amazing! The little cat caught two    (mouse) last night.  4.The little boy has to peel three baskets of    (potato) before lunch.  5.Jack spent about two hours sweeping    (leaf) in the back garden.  6.It's about twenty    (minute) drive from my house to the park.  7.There are few spelling and grammar    (mistake) in Lily's homework.  8.The old man likes reading books very much.He owns two private    (library).  9.There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are    (man) teachers.  10.The worst thing about working in the shopping mall is that you're on your    (foot) all day.  11.Different people have different    (hobby).  12.You can look for    (information) about the shop on the Internet.  13.She bought a pair of    (glove).  14.—Are those    (sheep)?  —No, they aren't.They're    (cow).  15.15.15.  ( Lucy and Lily ) room is on the 5th floor.  1.bread 2.fishes  3.mice  4.potatoes 5.leaves 6.minutes'  7.mistakes 8.libraries 9.men 10.feet  11.hobbies 12.information 13.gloves 14.sheep cows15.Lucy and Lily's 提升题组 一.正确形式填空 1.My mother prepared a basket of (strawberry) for our picnic. 【答案】strawberries 【详解】句意:我妈妈为我们的野餐准备了一篮草莓。strawberry“草莓”,可数名词,此处指“一篮草莓”,应用复数形式。故填strawberries。 2.Many young people choose to have a yogurt between (meal). 【答案】meals 【详解】句意:许多年轻人选择在两餐之间喝酸奶。根据空前介词“between”可知,此处是指在两餐之间,应用名词meal的复数形式meals。故填meals。 3.Whenever we have any problem, our parents will give us some (advice). 【答案】advice 【详解】句意:每当我们有任何问题,我们的父母会给我们一些建议。“advice”意为 “建议”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,不能加“s”。“some”既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词,所以这里直接用“advice”,故填advice。 4.The Double Ninth Festival offers people a chance to love our and respect them.  (old) 【答案】elders 【详解】句意:重阳节为人们提供了一个爱护长辈、尊敬长辈的机会。根据空前的“our”可知,此处应用名词形式作宾语,根据语境可知,此处指爱护长辈,elder“长辈”,此处用复数形式,表示概数概念。故填elders。 5.The word “match” has several different (mean). 【答案】meanings 【详解】句意:单词“match”可能有一些不同的意思。根据“several”可知,空格处要填名词的复数形式;根据给出英文单词提示可知,名词meaning “意义”的复数形式meanings符合句意,故填meanings。 6.On her 12th birthday, Kitty got a lot of special (present) from her friends 【答案】presents 【详解】句意:在她12岁生日那天,Kitty从她的朋友那里收到了许多特别的礼物。“a lot of”意为“许多的、大量的”,后面需要用名词复数形式,“present”的复数形式为“presents”,“a lot of special presents”表示“很多特别的礼物”。故填presents。 7.The girl likes to collect different . She finds them so beautiful. (leaf) 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意:这个女孩喜欢收集不同的树叶。她觉得它们很美。结合空前形容词“different”和“She finds them…”可知,此处是指不同的树叶,应用名词leaf的复数形式leaves作动词collect的宾语。故填leaves。 8.Every year many come here to see the milu deer. (visit) 【答案】visitors 【详解】句意:每年都有许多游客来这里看麋鹿。根据“come here to see the milu deer”可知是很多游客来这里看麋鹿,many后加可数名词复数visitors“游客”。故填visitors。 9.It’s amazing that the mountain stands 6000 (foot) above the sea. 【答案】feet 【详解】句意:这座山海拔6000英尺,真令人惊奇。根据“6000”可知,此处用名词复数feet,意为“英尺”。故填feet。 10.Please look after the (fireman) clothes. They will come back soon. 【答案】firemen’s 【详解】句意:请照看消防员的衣服。他们很快就会回来。根据“They ”可知,消防员不止一个,fireman应用复数形式firemen。空后是名词clothes,应用firemen的所有格形式修饰。故填firemen’s。 11.The watch may be one of those (gentleman). He looks worried. 【答案】gentlemen’s 【详解】句意:这块表可能是那些绅士之一的。他看起来很担心。those后加名词复数gentlemen“绅士”,根据“The watch may be one of those...”可知是绅士之一的,故此处用名词复数的所有格。故填gentlemen’s。 12.It’s about ten (minute) walk from my home to school. 【答案】minutes’ 【详解】句意:从我家步行到学校大约十分钟。根据句意可知,考查minute复数形式所有格,表示“十分钟的”。故填minutes’。 13.You can see (mouse) everywhere in India. 【答案】mice 【详解】句意:在印度到处都能看到老鼠。分析“You can see...everywhere in India.”可知,此处表示复数含义,mouse的复数是mice,故填mice。 二.请根据括号内的提示填空。 It was late at night. Two 1.     (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found somebody slipping into their room to try his 2.     (lucky). She had three thousand dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.     (小偷) usually bring lethal weapons(凶器) with them,” she thought in 4.     (silent) and worried about her 5.     (safe). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a6.     (sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room with luxurious(奢华的) 7.     (decorate). When he was looking for some 8.     (钱) or jewellery in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. In five 9.     (minute) time, the police showed up. Finally, the police caught the man. For Mrs. Green, it was really one of the most unusual 10.     (经历).  答案  1.Germans 设空处作主语,应用名词。根据空格前的Two可知,此处填名词的复数形式。German变复数是在词尾直接加⁃s,故填Germans。 2.luck 由空前的his可知,此处填名词,lucky的名词形式为luck。try one’s luck碰碰运气。 3.thieves 根据中文和空格前的Many可知,此处填thief的复数形式,故填thieves。 4.silence in silence是固定搭配,指“沉默地,无声地”。 5.safety 根据空格前的物主代词her可知,此处填名词,safe的名词形式为safety。 6.sports sport修饰名词时,用复数形式,如a sports meeting, sports shoes等,“sports suit”指运动装。 7.decoration 根据空格前的luxurious可知,此处填名词,decorate的名词形式为decoration,此处指“奢华的装饰”。 8.money money是不可数名词,故此空填原形money。 9.minutes’ 根据空格前的five可知,此处填minute的复数形式;结合空格后的time可知,此处填名词所有格,指“5分钟的时间”,故填minutes’。 10.experiences 根据空格前的one of...可知,此处填名词的复数形式。“经历”experience是可数名词,故填experiences。 二 代词 【小学代词考点聚焦】 一、概念:代词(pronoun,缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词、数词的词。 二、种类: 1、人称代词:表示你、我、她、他、它、你们、我们、他们、的 词。人称代词 有人称、数和格的变化。 2、物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。 3、反身代词:表示动作返回到动作执行者本身的词。 4、指示代词:指示人或事物的代词叫指示代词。 5、不定代词:没有明确指定代替某个(些)人或物的词叫不定代词。 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 (1)some和any (2)both和all (3)many和much (4)each和every (5)other、others、the other、another (6)something和everything (7) nobody 没有人 (8) either 和 neither (9) little 、a little 、few、a few 6、疑问代词:用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词,一般放在疑问句的句首。 随堂精练 1.Let ________ tell you ________ about my community. A.me; something B.I; something C.we; anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意:让我告诉你一些关于我社区的事情。本题考查人称代词和不定代词。let后面的人称代词用宾格形式me,句子是肯定句,不定代词用something,故选A。 2.Can you tell me _______ more _______ Beijing? A.something; at B.anything; about C.something; about 【答案】C 【详解】句意:你能告诉我更多关于北京的事吗?本题考查不定代词和介词辨析。A一些,在;B一些,关于;C一些,关于;疑问句中表示请求建议时,something不用变anything,所以第一个空填something;about符合句意。故选C。 3.Kate often meets ________ friend Mary on ________ way home. A.her; her B.hers; her C.her; them 【答案】A 【详解】句意:凯特经常在她回家的路上遇见她的朋友玛丽。本题考查形容词性物主代词的用法。her她的/她,形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格;them它们,人称代词宾格;hers她的,名词性物主代词。两个空都是缺少形容词性物主代词,分别修饰后面的名词friend和way。故选A。 4.—Do you like this pair of shoes? —Yes. Can I _______? A.try it on B.try them on C.try on it D.try on them 【答案】B 【详解】句意:—你喜欢这双鞋子吗?—是的。我能试试它们吗?本题考查动词短语和宾格人称代词。try on穿上,根据shoes可知该处是复数,they它们,try是动词,后跟宾格人称代词,代词作宾语时要放在try on中间,故选B。 5.Look at these children! _______ cute, and everyone likes _______. A.He’s; hem B.They’re; him C.They’re; them D.He’s; they 【答案】C 【详解】句意:看这些孩子们!他们是可爱的,每个人都喜欢他们。本题考查人称代词,these children是名词复数,第一空代词用They;动词likes后面接宾格,them是宾格,故选C。 6.—Would you like some more noodles? —Yes, just ______, please. A.a few B.few C.a little D.little 【答案】A 【详解】句意:—你想多来点面条吗?—是的,请来一点就可以。本题考查不定代词。a few 一些,几个(修饰可数名词复数);few几乎没有(表否定,修饰可数名词复数);a little一点(修饰不可数名词);little几乎没有(表否定,修饰不可数名词)。noodles是可数名词复数,根据 Yes可知是要一些,所以用a few,故选A。 7.It’s time to _______, please. A.wake up her B.wake she up C.wake her up D.wake up she 【答案】C 【详解】句意:到了叫醒她的时间了。本题考查人称代词和人称代词在短语中的位置。wake up叫醒,后跟人称代词的宾格,she她,宾格形式为her,代词位于短语的中间,故选C。 8._______ shoes are bigger? A.Who B.What C.Whose D.When 【答案】C 【详解】句意:谁的鞋子更大?本题考查疑问词。A谁,B什么,C谁的,D什么时候。Whose谁的,符合句意,故选C。 9.They are _____ good friends. Please look after______. A.I; their B.my; them C.me; they D.I; she 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他们是我的好朋友。请照顾他们。本题考查形容词性物主代词和人称代词,I我,人称代词主格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;me我,人称代词宾格,good friends是名词,前面需要形容词性物主代词修饰,my符合题意;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;them他们,人称代词宾格;they他们,人称代词主格;she她,人称代词主格,look after是动词短语,其后加人称代词宾格做宾语,them符合题意,故选B。 10.There aren’t _______ apples on the plate, but there are _______ on the table. A.some; any B.some; some C.any; any D.any; some 【答案】D 【详解】句意:盘子里没有苹果,但桌子上有一些。本题考查不定代词。some一般用于肯定句,any用于否定句中。根据aren’t可知句子前半句是否定句,所以用any;根据句意可知句子后半句是肯定句,所以用some,故选D。 【初中冠词考点聚焦】 考点清单 【考向1】人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 数人称 单  数 复  数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称 代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 【考向2】人称代词的用法 1.人称代词有单数和复数之分。人称代词主格用作主语,置于谓语动词之前。例如: She is a good teacher. 她是一名好老师。 They are good teachers. 他(她)们是好老师。 小贴士: 开头主语用主格,主格常置谓语前, 复数概念全用are。 2.几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是: 单数:“二、三、一”(单数人称为you、 he/she/it、 I) 复数:“一、二、三”(复数人称为we、you、 they);在自我批评或承担责任时则把I放在前面。例如: Sorry, I and he have made a mistake. 对不起,我和他犯了个错误。 小贴士: 代词并列作主语,排列顺序记心间。复数人称一二三,单数人称二三一。承担责任I领先,you站后面I心安。 3.人称代词宾格的用法。人称代词宾格常用作宾语,置于动词和介词后,构成动宾和介宾结构。有时在口语中还用作表语,也可以放在be动词之后作主语补足语。例如: Let me help you.(you用作宾语,构成动宾结构) The new bag is for him.(him用作宾语,构成介宾结构) Who's that? It's me, Tom.(me作表语,用于非正式语体中) 小贴士: 宾格充当宾和表。宾格处在介动后。 【考向3】物主代词的用法 1.物主代词的构成 小贴士: 物主代词有两类,一是“形”二是“名”。我的my,你的your,男的his,女的her,它的its别加点,我们的our,你们的your,他们的their别混用。见到“名词”就上前,“形代”总站名词前,转变“名代”加个-s。留下his与its,唯独my变为mine。 2.物主代词的用法 (1)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的关系。 形容词性物主代词后面要跟名词,而名词性物主代词后则不能再跟名词,它们的关系可以理解为“形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词”。例如: This is my pen. That isn't mine.这是我的钢笔。那不是我的。(mine相当于my pen) (2)名词性物主代词常用于指代上下文所提到的东西,以避免重复。例如: This is his bag.=This bag is his.这个包是他的。 That is her book.= That book is hers. 那本书是她的。 小贴士: “形代”爱交友,单独它不走。和冠词,不相连,“形代”总在名词前。没有“形物”用“名代”,单数复数要分清。作主语,数一致,单复数看后面的“名”。 易混易错 his和its既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词。在使用上要区分。例如: This is its bone. / This bone is its. 这个骨头是它的。 3.含有物主代词的固定短语 on one's way to 在某人去……的路上;with one's help 在某人的帮助下;all one's life 一生,终生;to one's surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是;to one's joy 使某人高兴的是;change one's mind 改变主意;take one's time 不急;try / do one's best 尽某人最大的努力;in one's way 挡路,妨碍。 【考向4】反身代词的用法 1.反身代词的构成 反身代词随着人称变化而变化。反身代词由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词以及第三人称代词宾格词尾加-self或-selves构成,有单数、复数之分。 易混易错 反身代词有规律,第三人称宾格加,其余开头用“形物”,复数-ves代替f。 2.反身代词的常用短语 by oneself=on one's own 单独,靠某人自己;all by oneself 全靠自己;enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得高兴,过得愉快;teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学;help oneself to 随便吃,自己吃;hurt oneself 伤着自己;for oneself 为自己;devote oneself 献身于;come to oneself 恢复常态;say to oneself 自言自语;dress oneself 给自己穿衣服; lose oneself 失去自我。 【考向5】复合不定代词的用法 1.复合不定代词的构成 指人的复合不定代词一般是由some、 any、 every、 no等加上-body/-one构成的。指物的复合不定代词一般是由some、 any、 every、no等加上-thing构成的。 2.复合不定代词的用法 (1)something、 somebody、 someone通常用于肯定句;anything、 anybody、 anyone用于否定句和疑问句。表示邀请、请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复时常用something、 somebody、 someone。复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如: Everything begins to grow in spring. 春天万物开始生长。 (2)复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,一般是形容词放在复合不定代词之后。例如: Is there anything new in today's newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么新东西吗?  (3)动词不定式、介词短语修饰复合不定代词(副词)时须后置,作后置定语。例如: Could you give me something to eat? 你能给我一些吃的吗?  (4)复合不定代词与else 一词相连时,应注意else 必须置于复合不定代词之后。例如: There is nothing else in the bag. 包里没有别的东西了。  3.复合不定代词的转换 (1)anything一般用于否定句和疑问句;not...anything相当于nothing;nothing是否定词,不与否定词not连用。 (2)anybody一般用于否定句和疑问句,not...anybody相当于nobody。例如: There isn't anybody in the room. / There is nobody in the room.房间里没有人。 易混易错 everyone不可写成every one。everyone一般用来指人,相当于everybody,意为“人人,每人”。every one意为“每个”。everyone后面不能跟of短语,而every one后面可跟of短语,此时的every one可指人或物。 【考向6】普通不定代词的用法 1.other, the other, others, the others, another 意义 习惯搭配 备注 other “另外的,其他的”,泛指“另一些人或物” other+复数名词=others 常起形容词作用,多修饰复数名词 the other 表示两个人或物中的另一个或另一部分,特指“两者中的另一个”;若把三者或三者以上的人或物分成两部分来叙述,则指“另外几个(或一些)” one...the other..., the other+名词 others 泛指“另一些(不是其余全部)” some...others 只能作代词,该词不能指“其余全部的人或物” the others 特指范围内的“其余的人或物”或已知的人或物中“(除……之外)其余的全部” some...the others another 表示三个或更多的人或物中同类的另一个;特指多数中还没提及的“另一个”“再一个” one...another 该词还可表示“又”“再”放于数字前,如another two weeks 2.it, one it 可以代替上文出现过的名词,但it通常代替上文所提事物本身,有特指作用,即同类同物。it既可代替可数名词单数,也可代替不可数名词 one 指代上文中出现的可数名词单数形式,使句子更简洁。one指代的名词与上文中出现的名词不是同一事物,而是同类事物中的另外一个,即同类异物 例如: My brother has a nice bag. I want to use it. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想用一下。(同类事物,且指同一个书包)  My brother has a nice bag. I want to buy one. 我哥哥(弟弟)有一个漂亮的书包。我想去买一个。(同类事物,但不是指同一个书包)  3.no one, none no one= nobody 意为“没有人”,只指人,不指代物。一般不和of相连。当no one作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 none 意为“一个人也没有”,既可用来代替人,表示“(三个以上)一个也没有”,也可用来代替物(可数与不可数皆可),表示“没有任何东西” 指“(三个或三个以上的人或物中)没有一个人或物”,常与of连用,表示全部否定。作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数 例如: No one is perfect. 人无完人。 None of the stories are (is) interesting. 没有一个故事有意思。 易混易错 用who, what提问的句子用no one/nobody或nothing来回答。在简略回答中,none用来回答How many...?/ How much...? 的疑问句。 4.little, a little, few, a few little 很少的;几乎没有 表示否定,修饰不可数名词。比较级为less,最高级为least,反义词是much (more, most) 例如:There is little milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里几乎没有牛奶了。 a little 一些,一点,少量 表示肯定,修饰不可数名词 例如:There is a little water in my bottle. I can give you some. 我的水瓶里有一些水,我可以给你一些。 few 少数的;几乎没有 表示否定,修饰可数名词的复数。比较级是fewer,最高级为fewest,反义词是many (more, most) 例如:Lily has few apples. Lily 几乎没有苹果。 a few 一些,几个 表示肯定,修饰可数名词的复数 例如:I'm going to buy a few bananas. 我打算去买一些香蕉。 5.every, each every 强调整体,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”,只能作定语。还可与not连用构成部分否定 each 强调个人,用于两者或两者以上,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等,后面可以跟表示范围的of...结构。不可以与not连用 例如: Every boy in the room knows it. 房间里的每个男孩都知道它。 Each of them has read this book. 他们中的每个人都读过这本书。 【考向7】指示代词的用法 指示代词 近指 远指 单数 复数 this √ √ that √ √ these √ √ those √ √ 小贴士: 指示代词四兄弟,近指远指有规律。this、 that是单数,these、 those是复数;this、 these说“近处”,that、 those表“远处”。 易混易错 1.在回答this或that(指物时)为主语的疑问句时,用it代替this或that。that is可以缩写成that's,而this is却不能缩写为this's。在回答主语是these或those的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,通常用they来代替问句的these或those,以避免重复。例如: —Are those her books? 那些是她的书吗? —Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 是的, 它们是。/ 不, 它们不是。 2.在电话用语中,用this指代自己,that指代对方。例如: —Hello! This is Li Ping. Who's that? 你好,我是李平。你是哪位? —Hey, Li Ping. This is Wang Hai. 嘿,李平。我是王海。 【考向8】疑问代词的用法 疑问代词 意义 基本用法 例句 who 谁 who是主格,询问人的身份或对句子中的人进行提问,在句子中充当主语或表语的角色。who与is相连可缩写成who's(谁是),与whose同音 —Who is not here? (who作主语) —Han Meimei isn't here. —Who's that? (who作表语) —That's Lucy. whom 谁 whom是宾格,用作宾语,但在口语中,也可用who作宾语,但是在介词的后面只能用whom Whom did you go to the park with?你和谁一起去的公园? whose 谁的 whose既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词,不可与who's混在一起 Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车? what 什么 指物,对句子中的事物或一些名词进行提问 What color bike do you have? 你有什么颜色的自行车? which 哪个 用于对“定语”进行提问,通常用于在一个确定的、有限的范围内做出选择 —Which color is your bike, black or blue? 你的自行车是哪种颜色,黑色的还是蓝色的? —The black one. 黑色的。 【考向9】it用作形式主语的用法 (1)It's time for sb. to do sth./ It's time for sth.; (2)It takes sb. some time to do sth.; (3)It costs/cost sb. some money to do sth.; (4)It is one's turn to do sth.; (5)It's +名词/形容词+(for/ of sb.)+不定式; 随堂精练 基础题组 根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This isn't Julie's notebook.   (she) is in her schoolbag.  2.You have to ask Mike    (he).Nobody else knows his address.  3.These flowers belong to Miss Wang.They are as beautiful as    (we).  4.“Sit down and make    (you) at home, boys and girls!” said Mrs.Li kindly.  5.George introduced us to some friends of    (he) at the party.  6.—Oh, I'm feeling so thirsty and tired.—   (I), too.  7.This physics problem isn't hard at all.I can work it out    (I).  8.    (I) Chinese teacher asked me with whom I had discussed the problem.  9.—Do you know Alice?—Yes.I know    (she) very well.We have been friends for long.  10.This English dictionary is not mine.It must be    (Tom).  11.Lily's backpack is much bigger than    (me).  12.Mrs.Guo teaches    (we) history.  13.We should always keep     (we) away from danger.  14.I found it impossible for     (he) to work out the maths problem.  15.The boy who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with     (he) own name in it as a souvenir.  16.These boys have been able to dress     (them) at the age of five.  17.Betty and her sister went to the museum with a relative of    (them).  18.—Is this your cousin's sweater? —No.    (she) is on the chair behind the desk.  1.Hers 2.himself 3.ours 4.yourself/yourselves5.his 6.Me  7.myself 8.My 9.her  10.Tom's 11.mine 12.us 13.ourselves 14.him 15.his16.themselves 17.theirs 18.Hers 提升题组 一.正确形式填空 1.Hey, guys! Are you in Hainan now? Hope you’ll enjoy      there!(you)  答案 yourselves 考查反身代词。enjoy oneself是固定结构,指“玩得开心,过得愉快”,根据上文的guys和空格前的you可知,此处填yourselves。 2.She told a white lie and kept the secret to      .(her)  答案 herself 考查反身代词。keep the secret to oneself是固定结构,指“把秘密埋在某人心底(不告诉别人)”。根据主语She可知,此处填反身代词herself。 3.—Whose book is it, Ken? —It’s      (I).  答案 mine 考查物主代词。空后无名词,此处应填名词性物主代词,代指“我的书”。故填mine。 4.Girls, I believe that you all can solve these problems by y     .  答案 yourselves 考查反身代词。句意:姑娘们,我相信你们都能自己解决这些问题。by oneself“独自,靠自己”,“Girls”是复数,故填yourselves。 5.Nick and Nora have a lot in common.      (they) favourite China’s star runner is Su Bingtian.  答案 Their 考查物主代词。根据空格后的favourite China’s star runner可知,此处填形容词性物主代词,注意首字母大写。故填Their。 6.Many people taught      (they) to cook instead of ordering takeout food.  答案 themselves 考查反身代词。根据语境可知,此处表示自学做饭,“自学”用teach oneself表示;根据主语Many people和提示词they可知,此处用themselves。 7.When he was only a child, he found      (he) interested in math.  答案 himself 考查反身代词。句意:当他还是一个小孩子时,他发现自己对数学感兴趣。空格处填反身代词作宾语。故填himself。 8.We can clean our room first and      (they) a little later.  答案 theirs 考查物主代词。空格处指“他们的房间”,但空后没有名词,所以填名词性物主代词theirs。 9.—Do you know that girl who is speaking to Mr. Wang? —Yes, she’s Tina. I’m a friend of      (她的).  答案 hers 考查物主代词。此处应用双重所有格,所以此空填名词性物主代词。故填hers。 10.Kids were reminded to take some money with      (they) before the school trip.  答案 them 考查人称代词。take sth. with sb.指“某人随身携带某物”。注意:句中的主语Kids和宾语them虽然是同一个对象,但不用反身代词。介词with后填人称代词的宾格形式。 二.代词选词填空   “Without the ball, 1.     (myself, my) life is incomplete,” Luis Figo, one of the world’s greatest football players, once said.  The Portuguese played his first international match at the age of 17. He reached a new mark by playing 2.   (his, him) hundredth match for his national team. A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for3.     (him,them). “Figo! Figo!” 4.     (all, both) shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.  The Real Madrid player wanted to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win 5.     (another, other) Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. Real Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona, and he showed 6.     (everyone, someone) what a great player he was by winning FIFA’s Footballer of the Year award in 2001.  “Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,” said former FIFA president Joseph S.Blatter. Figo 7.     (himself, he) was a real leader 8.     (who, which) always tried his best on the field and a good team player. He didn’t have any problems working together with his teammate David Beckham. In fact, Figo was the first 9.     (one, that) to welcome Beckham when he arrived. “We have a strong team, and we can help each 10.     (other, another) and work together to be successful,” Figo said.  1.my 根据空后名词life可知,此空填形容词性物主代词my。 2.his 此空填his,指“他的第100次比赛”。 3.him 此处作介词的宾语,用宾格形式。故填him。 4.all all指“(三者或三者以上)都”,both指“(两者)都”。根据上文more than 30,000 fans可知,此空填all。 5.another 此空填another,指“又一”。 6.everyone 此空填everyone,意为“向每个人展示他是一名多么棒的球员”。 7.himself 此空填反身代词himself作主语Figo的同位语,表示强调,指“Figo本人”。 8.who 此处引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词a real leader。定语从句中,如先行词指“人”,关系代词用who或that;如先行词指“物”,关系代词用which或that。此处指人,故填who。 9.one one指代同类事物或同类人中的一个,此处与first连用,指“第一个球员”。 10.other each other是固定结构,指“彼此,互相”。 $$

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专题01 名词、代词(小初考点差异及衔接)-【小升初】2025年新七年级英语暑期衔接讲义(通用版)
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