内容正文:
非谓语动词专题
目录
考点集锦 1
考点一:动词不定式(to do) 1
考点二:动名词(doing) 4
考点三:分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done) 6
考点四:易混点辨析 6
考点五:固定搭配总结 9
小试牛刀 9
考点集锦
非谓语动词是指在句中不能作谓语的动词形式,包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)。其核心考点如下:
考点一:动词不定式(to do)
1. 结构:to + 动词原形(否定式:not to do)
2. 句法功能:
(1) 作主语
用法:表示具体的、一次性的动作,常用 it 作形式主语,避免句子头重脚轻。
例句:It is important to learn a second language for future career development.(对未来职业发展而言,学习第二语言很重要。)
(2) 作宾语
用法:接在及物动词后(如 want, hope, decide, plan 等)。
例句:She wants to become a doctor and save lives when she grows up.(她长大后想成为医生拯救生命。)
(3) 作宾语补足语
用法:
a. 带 to 的不定式:tell/ask/want sb. to do sth.
例句:The teacher told us to finish the homework before Friday.(老师让我们周五前完成作业。)
b. 不带 to 的不定式:感官动词(see, hear, watch 等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接动词原形。
例句:I saw him play basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我看见他在操场打篮球。)
(4) 作定语
用法:置于被修饰词后,表将来的动作。
例句:I have nothing to worry about because everything is well-prepared.(我没什么可担心的,因为一切都准备就绪。)
(5) 作状语
用法:表目的、原因、结果等。
例句:He got up early to catch the first bus to the airport.(他早起为了赶去机场的首班车。)(目的)
(6) 作表语
用法:说明主语的内容或目的。
例句:Her dream is to travel around the world and experience different cultures.(她的梦想是环游世界,体验不同文化。)
3. 不定式的复合结构
(1) 结构:for/of sb. to do sth.
for sb.:用于形容事物性质(如 easy, difficult, important)。
例句:It’s necessary for students to learn basic life skills.(对学生来说,学习基本生活技能很有必要。)
(2) of sb.:用于形容人的品质(如 kind, clever, brave)。
例句:It’s very kind of you to help me carry the heavy box.(你帮我搬重箱子,真是太好了。)
4. 不定式的省略现象
(1) 并列结构中省略 to:
例句:He wants to study medicine and become a doctor in the future.(他想学医并成为医生。)(第二个不定式省略 to)
(2) 感官动词 / 使役动词后省略 to:
例句:Let him go out and play with his friends.(让他出去和朋友玩。)(make/let 后不定式无 to)
5. 不定式的被动式与完成式
(1) 被动式:to be done(表被动)
例句:The problem needs to be solved as soon as possible.(这个问题需要尽快解决。)
(2) 完成式:to have done(表动作先于谓语发生)
例句:I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.(很抱歉让你等了这么久。)
不定式口诀:想要拒绝忘记(want/refuse/forget),需要努力学习(need/try/learn),喜欢同意帮助(like/agree/help),希望决定开始(hope/decide/start)。
【2024 广东广州】I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous.
A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play
答案:A。解析:不定式做 tell 的宾语补足语,构成 tell sb. to do sth. 结构,否定式为 tell sb. not to do sth.,意为 “告知某人不要做某事”。
【2024 山东济宁】I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? I haven’t decided where ________.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
答案:D。解析:decide 后可接宾语从句,也可接 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构,此处是 “where + 不定式” 作宾语。
【2024 江西】Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates _____dancing with her.
A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice
答案:D。解析:invite 的用法是 invite sb. to do sth.,所以用 to practice 作宾语补足语。
【2024 江苏扬州】What are you going to do when you grow up? A singer, but my parents wish me ________ a teacher.
A. am B. to be C. will be D. be
答案:B。解析:wish sb. to do sth. 是固定结构,意为 “希望某人做某事”,此处用 to be 作宾语补足语。
【2024 山东泰安】When you leave, please turn off the lights ______ energy.
A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved
答案:B。解析:“关灯” 的目的是 “节约能源”,用不定式作目的状语。
【2024・天津・中考真题】People may use different body language _________ the same feelings.
A. express B. to express C. expressing D. expressed
答案:B。解析:use sth to do sth “用某物做某事”,使用动词不定式作目的状语。
【2024・某地中考】______ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
A. Create B. To create C. Creating
答案:B。解析:动词不定式作目的状语,表示 “为了”,此处是 “为了创造一个共享未来”。
考点二:动名词(doing)
1. 结构:动词原形 + ing
2. 句法功能:
(1) 作主语
用法:表示习惯性、经常性的动作,可与不定式互换(但不定式更侧重具体动作)。
例句:Reading aloud every morning is helpful for improving English pronunciation.(每天早上大声朗读有助于提高英语发音。)
(2) 作宾语
用法:
a. 接在介词后:be good at doing, be interested in doing 等。
例句:He is fond of listening to music while doing homework.(他喜欢边听音乐边做作业。)
b. 接在特定动词后(如 enjoy, finish, practice, mind 等)。
例句:She finished writing the composition in 30 minutes and felt relieved.(她 30 分钟内写完作文,感到如释重负。)
(3) 作定语
用法:表示用途或功能,相当于 “for + 名词”。
例句:This is a swimming pool for children under 12 years old.(这是供 12 岁以下儿童使用的游泳池。)
(4) 作表语
用法:说明主语的内容或性质。
例句:Her favorite hobby is drawing cartoons and sharing them online.(她最喜欢的爱好是画卡通并在网上分享。)
3. 动名词作主语的固定句型
(1) It’s no use/good doing sth.:做某事无用 / 不好
例句:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收。)
(2) There is no sense in doing sth.:做某事无意义
例句:There is no sense in arguing with him about this matter.(和他争论这件事没意义。)
4. 接动名词的高频动词及短语
动词 / 短语
例句
admit(承认)
He admitted stealing the money.(他承认偷了钱。)
avoid(避免)
Try to avoid making the same mistake next time.(下次尽量避免犯同样的错误。)
consider(考虑)
We are considering taking a trip to Shanghai this summer.(我们在考虑今夏去上海旅行。)
can’t help(忍不住)
She couldn’t help laughing when she saw the funny video.(看到搞笑视频,她忍不住笑了。)
look forward to(期待)
I’m looking forward to meeting you at the party.(期待在派对见到你。)
5. 动名词的复合结构
(1) 结构:形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词
(2) 例句:Do you mind my opening the window? It’s too hot.(我开窗你介意吗?太热了。)
动名词口诀:喜欢错过别介意(enjoy/miss/mind),完成实践别推(finish/practice/postpone),建议保持不放弃(suggest/keep/give up)。
【2024 湖北孝感】Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games? For your health, my boy.
A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing
答案:D。解析:stop doing sth. 意为 “停止正在做的某件事”,这里是停止玩电脑游戏,用动名词作宾语。
【2024 广东广州】Sarah, you'd better drink more water after ______ for such a long time.
A. run B. runs C. to run D. running
答案:D。解析:after 是介词,后接动名词形式,所以用 running 作宾语。
考点三:分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)
1. 现在分词(doing)
用法:表主动、进行的动作,可作定语、状语、宾补、表语。
作定语:The girl singing in the classroom is my classmate.(在教室唱歌的女孩是我同学。)(表主动、进行)
作状语:Feeling tired, he went to bed early without dinner.(感到累,他没吃晚饭就早早睡了。)(表原因)
作宾补:I heard her laughing loudly in the next room.(我听见她在隔壁大声笑。)(表动作正在进行)
2. 过去分词(done)
用法:表被动、完成的动作,可作定语、状语、宾补、表语。
作定语:The house built last year is now used as a library.(去年建的房子现在用作图书馆。)(表被动、完成)
作状语:Surprised at the news, she couldn’t say a word for a moment.(听到消息很惊讶,她一时说不出话。)(表状态)
作宾补:He had his bike repaired yesterday because it was broken.(他昨天把自行车修了,因为它坏了。)(表被动)
【2024・某地中考】The book ______ by Mo Yan is very interesting.
A. write B. written C. writing
答案:B。解析:过去分词作定语,修饰 “book”,表示 “被莫言写的书”,表被动。
考点四:易混点辨析
1. 不定式 vs. 动名词作主语 / 宾语
区别
不定式(to do)
动名词(doing)
动作性质
具体、一次性动作
习惯性、经常性动作
常见动词
want, hope, decide, plan
enjoy, finish, practice, mind
例句对比
I want to watch the movie tonight.(具体动作)
She enjoys watching movies on weekends.(习惯动作)
2. 不定式作宾补的 “带 to” 与 “不带 to”
动词类型
用法
例句
带 to 的动词
tell/ask/want/order sb. to do sth.
The teacher ordered him to stand up.
不带 to 的动词
感官动词(see, hear, watch 等)
使役动词(let, make, have)
I saw her enter the room quietly.
My mom makes me clean my room every day.
3. 现在分词 vs. 过去分词作定语
区别
现在分词(doing)
过去分词(done)
逻辑关系
主语主动发出动作(表主动)
主语承受动作(表被动)
时间状态
动作正在进行
动作已完成
例句对比
the rising sun(正在升起的太阳)
the risen sun(已升起的太阳)
the boy riding a bike(骑自行车的男孩)
the bike broken by him(被他弄坏的自行车)
4. 接不定式 vs. 动名词的动词对比
动词
接不定式(to do)
接动名词(doing)
例句对比
remember
remember to do(记得去做)
remember doing(记得做过)
Remember to lock the door when you leave.(离开时记得锁门。)
I remember locking the door this morning.(我记得今早锁门了。)
forget
forget to do(忘记去做)
forget doing(忘记做过)
Don’t forget to bring your homework.(别忘了带作业。)
I forgot bringing my homework yesterday.(我昨天忘了带作业。)
stop
stop to do(停下做另一件事)
stop doing(停止正在做的事)
He stopped to have a rest because he was tired.(他停下休息。)
Stop talking and listen to me.(停止说话,听我说。)
5. 感官动词宾补:do vs. doing vs. done
结构
含义
例句
see sb. do
看见全过程(动作已结束)
I saw him enter the room and sit down.(我看见他进屋并坐下。)
see sb. doing
看见正在进行的动作
I saw him entering the room when I passed by.(路过时看见他正在进屋。)
see sb. done
看见某人被……(被动关系)
I saw him beaten by his father yesterday.(昨天看见他被父亲打了。)
考点五:固定搭配全总结(中考高频)
1. 只接不定式的动词
want to do, hope to do, wish to do, decide to do, plan to do, afford to do, refuse to do, pretend to do
例句:She decided to study abroad after graduating from high school.(她决定高中毕业后出国留学。)
2. 只接动名词的动词及短语
enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing, mind doing, keep doing, suggest doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing
例句:He practices playing the piano for two hours every day.(他每天练习弹钢琴两小时。)
3. 接不定式或动名词意义不同的动词
(1) try to do(努力做) vs. try doing(尝试做)
例句:Try to do it again if you fail.(如果失败,努力再做一次。)
Try using another method to solve the problem.(尝试用另一种方法解决问题。)
(2) go on to do(继续做另一件事) vs. go on doing(继续做同一件事)
例句:After finishing math, he went on to do English homework.(做完数学后,他继续做英语作业。)
小试牛刀
1.I find it hard _________ our work or studies if we don’t eat breakfast.
A.to focus on B.focus on C.focusing on D.focuses on
2.—Kate, we’ll go to HongKong Disneyland next weekend.
—Really, Mum? I can’t wait ______there.
A.fly B.to fly C.flying
3.Let’s take some photos of our club and share them on Douyin to encourage more people ________ us.
A.join B.joins C.to join D.joining
4.Our teachers often encourage us ________ hard.
A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied
5.When I lose my heart, my mum always encourages me ________ in myself.
A.to believe B.believes C.believing
6.—What would you like to do this weekend?
—What about ________ video games together?
A.play B.to play C.playing D.plays
7.Mark ________ lots of money to the people in the earthquake area ________.
A.put out;to work out well B.handed out;help them out C.gave away;to help them out
8.—The development of technology make our communication much easier.
—Yes, I used to ________ letters to my parents, but now I am used to ________ WeChat.
A.write; using B.writing; using C.writing; use
9.I’m looking forward to ________ from you.
A.hear B.hearing C.heard D.hears
10.Uncle Ken used to ________ in the morning, but now he is used to ________ later in the evening because he has much work to do these days.
A.swimming; swimming B.swimming; swim
C.swim; swimming D.swim; swim
11.—Tina, I need your help. I have trouble ________ math.
—Well, you’d better ________ to the teacher very carefully in class.
A.learning; listen B.learning; to listen C.learn; listen D.learn; to listen
12.At last, my mother made me ________ and I began to laugh.
A.stop crying B.stopped crying C.stop to cry D.stopped to cry
13.When Eric walked out of the shop, he saw an old woman ______ on the side of the road.
A.lie B.to lie C.lying
14.—David was made _______ the classroom yesterday.
—It served him right. He always litters everywhere. I really hope he can change the bad habit.
A.clean B.to be cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning
15.I’m trying to avoid ________ any mistakes. I don’t want to embarrass myself.
A.making B.make C.to make D.made
16.Kunqu ________ in Jiangsu Province is one of China’s oldest forms of opera and known for its pleasant singing.
A.create B.created C.creating D.to create
17.An artificial intelligence chatbot __________ by Deepseek is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history.
A.decided B.divided C.developed D.discovered
18.The washing machine doesn’t work well. Who do you think he will have it ________.
A.repair B.repairs C.repairing D.repaired
19.The speaker, ________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A.having known B.being known C.knowing D.known
20.I think the short stories ________ by Dickens are very popular ________ the children.
A.are written; for B.are written; among C.written; among D.written; between
21.Tea ________by Shen Nong is getting more and more popular all over the world.
A.was invented B.invented C.inventing D.is invented
22.—A latest newspaper, please!
—There’s only one copy ________. Would you like to have ________?
A.was left; it B.was left; one C.left; it D.left; one
23.In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing ________ the Palace Museum, also ________ the Forbidden City.
A.is; calls B.lie; called C.is; called D.lies; calls
24.—Where’s Mr. Zhang, do you know?
—Well, it’s hard to say. But I saw him ________ a football game just now.
A.watching B.watched C.was watching D.has watched
25.I was walking outside when I saw your son________ for a bus just now.
A.are waiting B.waiting C.to wait D.wait
26.Tom noticed a boy ________ a purse to the policeman when he walked past the street corner.
A.hand in B.handed in C.handing in D.to hand in
27.The hard-working girl always sits in the front of the classroom, ________ sure that she can catch everything the teacher says.
A.make B.making C.makes D.made
28.The driver was going along Xinhua Road when he saw an old man ______ on the side of the road.
A.lying B.to lie C.lie D.lay
29.________ together around the fire, all the tourists danced excitedly with the local people when it got dark.
A.Get B.To get C.Getting D.Got
30.Recently, great changes in China have made a difference ________ the world although China is a ________ country.
A.to; developing B.with; developed C.on; development D.in; develop
31.The singer was often seen to practice ________ songs near the woods three years ago.
A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sings
32.________ too much time online may cause them to be ________ social with family and friend.
A.Spend; little B.To spend; little C.Spending; less D.Spends; less
33.Despite (尽管) the challenges we faced, our group continued ________hard and finally achieved our goal.
A.working B.to working C.work D.works
34.—Have you read the novels ________ by Mark Twain?
—Yes. And many of them are well worth ________.
A.writing, reading B.wrote, being read C.written, reading
35.In 1930s Austria, a lady ________ Maria became the tutor to seven children.
A.call B.called C.calls D.calling
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
非谓语动词专题
目录
考点集锦 1
考点一:动词不定式(to do) 1
考点二:动名词(doing) 4
考点三:分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done) 6
考点四:易混点辨析 6
考点五:固定搭配总结 9
小试牛刀 9
考点集锦
非谓语动词是指在句中不能作谓语的动词形式,包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)。其核心考点如下:
考点一:动词不定式(to do)
1. 结构:to + 动词原形(否定式:not to do)
2. 句法功能:
(1) 作主语
用法:表示具体的、一次性的动作,常用 it 作形式主语,避免句子头重脚轻。
例句:It is important to learn a second language for future career development.(对未来职业发展而言,学习第二语言很重要。)
(2) 作宾语
用法:接在及物动词后(如 want, hope, decide, plan 等)。
例句:She wants to become a doctor and save lives when she grows up.(她长大后想成为医生拯救生命。)
(3) 作宾语补足语
用法:
a. 带 to 的不定式:tell/ask/want sb. to do sth.
例句:The teacher told us to finish the homework before Friday.(老师让我们周五前完成作业。)
b. 不带 to 的不定式:感官动词(see, hear, watch 等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接动词原形。
例句:I saw him play basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我看见他在操场打篮球。)
(4) 作定语
用法:置于被修饰词后,表将来的动作。
例句:I have nothing to worry about because everything is well-prepared.(我没什么可担心的,因为一切都准备就绪。)
(5) 作状语
用法:表目的、原因、结果等。
例句:He got up early to catch the first bus to the airport.(他早起为了赶去机场的首班车。)(目的)
(6) 作表语
用法:说明主语的内容或目的。
例句:Her dream is to travel around the world and experience different cultures.(她的梦想是环游世界,体验不同文化。)
3. 不定式的复合结构
(1) 结构:for/of sb. to do sth.
for sb.:用于形容事物性质(如 easy, difficult, important)。
例句:It’s necessary for students to learn basic life skills.(对学生来说,学习基本生活技能很有必要。)
(2) of sb.:用于形容人的品质(如 kind, clever, brave)。
例句:It’s very kind of you to help me carry the heavy box.(你帮我搬重箱子,真是太好了。)
4. 不定式的省略现象
(1) 并列结构中省略 to:
例句:He wants to study medicine and become a doctor in the future.(他想学医并成为医生。)(第二个不定式省略 to)
(2) 感官动词 / 使役动词后省略 to:
例句:Let him go out and play with his friends.(让他出去和朋友玩。)(make/let 后不定式无 to)
5. 不定式的被动式与完成式
(1) 被动式:to be done(表被动)
例句:The problem needs to be solved as soon as possible.(这个问题需要尽快解决。)
(2) 完成式:to have done(表动作先于谓语发生)
例句:I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.(很抱歉让你等了这么久。)
不定式口诀:想要拒绝忘记(want/refuse/forget),需要努力学习(need/try/learn),喜欢同意帮助(like/agree/help),希望决定开始(hope/decide/start)。
【2024 广东广州】I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous.
A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play
答案:A。解析:不定式做 tell 的宾语补足语,构成 tell sb. to do sth. 结构,否定式为 tell sb. not to do sth.,意为 “告知某人不要做某事”。
【2024 山东济宁】I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? I haven’t decided where ________.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
答案:D。解析:decide 后可接宾语从句,也可接 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构,此处是 “where + 不定式” 作宾语。
【2024 江西】Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates _____dancing with her.
A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice
答案:D。解析:invite 的用法是 invite sb. to do sth.,所以用 to practice 作宾语补足语。
【2024 江苏扬州】What are you going to do when you grow up? A singer, but my parents wish me ________ a teacher.
A. am B. to be C. will be D. be
答案:B。解析:wish sb. to do sth. 是固定结构,意为 “希望某人做某事”,此处用 to be 作宾语补足语。
【2024 山东泰安】When you leave, please turn off the lights ______ energy.
A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved
答案:B。解析:“关灯” 的目的是 “节约能源”,用不定式作目的状语。
【2024・天津・中考真题】People may use different body language _________ the same feelings.
A. express B. to express C. expressing D. expressed
答案:B。解析:use sth to do sth “用某物做某事”,使用动词不定式作目的状语。
【2024・某地中考】______ a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
A. Create B. To create C. Creating
答案:B。解析:动词不定式作目的状语,表示 “为了”,此处是 “为了创造一个共享未来”。
考点二:动名词(doing)
1. 结构:动词原形 + ing
2. 句法功能:
(1) 作主语
用法:表示习惯性、经常性的动作,可与不定式互换(但不定式更侧重具体动作)。
例句:Reading aloud every morning is helpful for improving English pronunciation.(每天早上大声朗读有助于提高英语发音。)
(2) 作宾语
用法:
a. 接在介词后:be good at doing, be interested in doing 等。
例句:He is fond of listening to music while doing homework.(他喜欢边听音乐边做作业。)
b. 接在特定动词后(如 enjoy, finish, practice, mind 等)。
例句:She finished writing the composition in 30 minutes and felt relieved.(她 30 分钟内写完作文,感到如释重负。)
(3) 作定语
用法:表示用途或功能,相当于 “for + 名词”。
例句:This is a swimming pool for children under 12 years old.(这是供 12 岁以下儿童使用的游泳池。)
(4) 作表语
用法:说明主语的内容或性质。
例句:Her favorite hobby is drawing cartoons and sharing them online.(她最喜欢的爱好是画卡通并在网上分享。)
3. 动名词作主语的固定句型
(1) It’s no use/good doing sth.:做某事无用 / 不好
例句:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收。)
(2) There is no sense in doing sth.:做某事无意义
例句:There is no sense in arguing with him about this matter.(和他争论这件事没意义。)
4. 接动名词的高频动词及短语
动词 / 短语
例句
admit(承认)
He admitted stealing the money.(他承认偷了钱。)
avoid(避免)
Try to avoid making the same mistake next time.(下次尽量避免犯同样的错误。)
consider(考虑)
We are considering taking a trip to Shanghai this summer.(我们在考虑今夏去上海旅行。)
can’t help(忍不住)
She couldn’t help laughing when she saw the funny video.(看到搞笑视频,她忍不住笑了。)
look forward to(期待)
I’m looking forward to meeting you at the party.(期待在派对见到你。)
5. 动名词的复合结构
(1) 结构:形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词
(2) 例句:Do you mind my opening the window? It’s too hot.(我开窗你介意吗?太热了。)
动名词口诀:喜欢错过别介意(enjoy/miss/mind),完成实践别推(finish/practice/postpone),建议保持不放弃(suggest/keep/give up)。
【2024 湖北孝感】Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games? For your health, my boy.
A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing
答案:D。解析:stop doing sth. 意为 “停止正在做的某件事”,这里是停止玩电脑游戏,用动名词作宾语。
【2024 广东广州】Sarah, you'd better drink more water after ______ for such a long time.
A. run B. runs C. to run D. running
答案:D。解析:after 是介词,后接动名词形式,所以用 running 作宾语。
考点三:分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)
1. 现在分词(doing)
用法:表主动、进行的动作,可作定语、状语、宾补、表语。
作定语:The girl singing in the classroom is my classmate.(在教室唱歌的女孩是我同学。)(表主动、进行)
作状语:Feeling tired, he went to bed early without dinner.(感到累,他没吃晚饭就早早睡了。)(表原因)
作宾补:I heard her laughing loudly in the next room.(我听见她在隔壁大声笑。)(表动作正在进行)
2. 过去分词(done)
用法:表被动、完成的动作,可作定语、状语、宾补、表语。
作定语:The house built last year is now used as a library.(去年建的房子现在用作图书馆。)(表被动、完成)
作状语:Surprised at the news, she couldn’t say a word for a moment.(听到消息很惊讶,她一时说不出话。)(表状态)
作宾补:He had his bike repaired yesterday because it was broken.(他昨天把自行车修了,因为它坏了。)(表被动)
【2024・某地中考】The book ______ by Mo Yan is very interesting.
A. write B. written C. writing
答案:B。解析:过去分词作定语,修饰 “book”,表示 “被莫言写的书”,表被动。
考点四:易混点辨析
1. 不定式 vs. 动名词作主语 / 宾语
区别
不定式(to do)
动名词(doing)
动作性质
具体、一次性动作
习惯性、经常性动作
常见动词
want, hope, decide, plan
enjoy, finish, practice, mind
例句对比
I want to watch the movie tonight.(具体动作)
She enjoys watching movies on weekends.(习惯动作)
2. 不定式作宾补的 “带 to” 与 “不带 to”
动词类型
用法
例句
带 to 的动词
tell/ask/want/order sb. to do sth.
The teacher ordered him to stand up.
不带 to 的动词
感官动词(see, hear, watch 等)
使役动词(let, make, have)
I saw her enter the room quietly.
My mom makes me clean my room every day.
3. 现在分词 vs. 过去分词作定语
区别
现在分词(doing)
过去分词(done)
逻辑关系
主语主动发出动作(表主动)
主语承受动作(表被动)
时间状态
动作正在进行
动作已完成
例句对比
the rising sun(正在升起的太阳)
the risen sun(已升起的太阳)
the boy riding a bike(骑自行车的男孩)
the bike broken by him(被他弄坏的自行车)
4. 接不定式 vs. 动名词的动词对比
动词
接不定式(to do)
接动名词(doing)
例句对比
remember
remember to do(记得去做)
remember doing(记得做过)
Remember to lock the door when you leave.(离开时记得锁门。)
I remember locking the door this morning.(我记得今早锁门了。)
forget
forget to do(忘记去做)
forget doing(忘记做过)
Don’t forget to bring your homework.(别忘了带作业。)
I forgot bringing my homework yesterday.(我昨天忘了带作业。)
stop
stop to do(停下做另一件事)
stop doing(停止正在做的事)
He stopped to have a rest because he was tired.(他停下休息。)
Stop talking and listen to me.(停止说话,听我说。)
5. 感官动词宾补:do vs. doing vs. done
结构
含义
例句
see sb. do
看见全过程(动作已结束)
I saw him enter the room and sit down.(我看见他进屋并坐下。)
see sb. doing
看见正在进行的动作
I saw him entering the room when I passed by.(路过时看见他正在进屋。)
see sb. done
看见某人被……(被动关系)
I saw him beaten by his father yesterday.(昨天看见他被父亲打了。)
考点五:固定搭配全总结(中考高频)
1. 只接不定式的动词
want to do, hope to do, wish to do, decide to do, plan to do, afford to do, refuse to do, pretend to do
例句:She decided to study abroad after graduating from high school.(她决定高中毕业后出国留学。)
2. 只接动名词的动词及短语
enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing, mind doing, keep doing, suggest doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing
例句:He practices playing the piano for two hours every day.(他每天练习弹钢琴两小时。)
3. 接不定式或动名词意义不同的动词
(1) try to do(努力做) vs. try doing(尝试做)
例句:Try to do it again if you fail.(如果失败,努力再做一次。)
Try using another method to solve the problem.(尝试用另一种方法解决问题。)
(2) go on to do(继续做另一件事) vs. go on doing(继续做同一件事)
例句:After finishing math, he went on to do English homework.(做完数学后,他继续做英语作业。)
小试牛刀
1.I find it hard _________ our work or studies if we don’t eat breakfast.
A.to focus on B.focus on C.focusing on D.focuses on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我发现如果不吃早餐,很难集中精力在我们的工作或学习上。
考查非谓语动词。find it+形容词+to do sth.为固定句型,表示“发现做某事是……”,it为形式宾语,动词不定式为真正的宾语。故选A。
2.—Kate, we’ll go to HongKong Disneyland next weekend.
—Really, Mum? I can’t wait ______there.
A.fly B.to fly C.flying
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——Kate,我们下周末要去香港迪士尼乐园。——真的吗,妈妈?我迫不及待地想去那里。
考查不定式。can’t wait to do sth“等不及要做某事”,固定搭配。故选B。
3.Let’s take some photos of our club and share them on Douyin to encourage more people ________ us.
A.join B.joins C.to join D.joining
【答案】C
【详解】句意:让我们拍一些俱乐部的照片,并在抖音上分享,以鼓励更多的人加入我们。
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”,固定用法。故选C。
4.Our teachers often encourage us ________ hard.
A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们的老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。
考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”,此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
5.When I lose my heart, my mum always encourages me ________ in myself.
A.to believe B.believes C.believing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当我灰心时,我的妈妈总是鼓励我相信自己。
考查非谓语动词。“encourage sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”。这里需要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
6.—What would you like to do this weekend?
—What about ________ video games together?
A.play B.to play C.playing D.plays
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这个周末你想做什么?——一起玩电子游戏怎么样?
考查动名词作宾语。about是介词,其后用动名词作宾语,故选C。
7.Mark ________ lots of money to the people in the earthquake area ________.
A.put out;to work out well B.handed out;help them out C.gave away;to help them out
【答案】C
【详解】句意:马克把许多钱捐给了地震灾区的人们,以帮助他们摆脱困境。
考查动词短语辨析。put out扑灭;to work out well顺利解决;handed out分发;help them out帮助他们摆脱困境;gave away赠送;to help them out帮助他们摆脱困境。根据“lots of money”可知,空格1表示捐赠钱财;根据“in the earthquake area”可知,这里表示捐钱的目的是为了帮助灾区的人摆脱困境,要用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。
8.—The development of technology make our communication much easier.
—Yes, I used to ________ letters to my parents, but now I am used to ________ WeChat.
A.write; using B.writing; using C.writing; use
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——技术的发展使我们的交流变得更加容易。——是的,我以前经常给父母写信,但现在我已经习惯了用微信。
考查动词短语。write写;writing现在分词;use使用;using现在分词。used to do“过去常常做某事”,此处表示“过去常常给父母写信”;be used to doing“习惯于做某事”,此处表示“习惯用微信”。故选A。
9.I’m looking forward to ________ from you.
A.hear B.hearing C.heard D.hears
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我期待着收到你的来信。
考查非谓语动词。look forward to doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“期待做某事”,故空处需动名词。故填B。
10.Uncle Ken used to ________ in the morning, but now he is used to ________ later in the evening because he has much work to do these days.
A.swimming; swimming B.swimming; swim
C.swim; swimming D.swim; swim
【答案】C
【详解】句意:肯叔叔过去常常在早上游泳,但现在他习惯在晚上晚些时候游泳,因为这些天他有很多工作要做。
考查非谓语动词。used to+动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事 (现在不做了)”;be used to+动名词,表示“现在习惯于做某事”。故选C。
11.—Tina, I need your help. I have trouble ________ math.
—Well, you’d better ________ to the teacher very carefully in class.
A.learning; listen B.learning; to listen C.learn; listen D.learn; to listen
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——蒂娜,我需要你的帮助。我学数学有困难。——嗯,你最好在课堂上认真听老师讲课。
考查动词短语辨析。根据“Tina, I need your help. I have trouble…math. ”可知,此处指的是学数学有困难,have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”,固定短语;根据“Well, you’d better…to the teacher very carefully in class.”可知,此处指的是最好认真听课。had better do sth“最好做某事”,固定短语。故选A。
12.At last, my mother made me ________ and I began to laugh.
A.stop crying B.stopped crying C.stop to cry D.stopped to cry
【答案】A
【详解】句意:最后,我妈妈让我停止了哭泣,我开始笑了起来。
考查使役动词make的用法和动名词作宾语。根据短语make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”可知,动词stop要保持原形,所以排除选项B和D;stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”,stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做某事”,根据“I began to laugh”可知,“我”停止哭泣,笑了起来,所以此处应用stop crying。故选A。
13.When Eric walked out of the shop, he saw an old woman ______ on the side of the road.
A.lie B.to lie C.lying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当埃里克走出商店时,他看见一位老妇人正躺在路边。
考查非谓语动词。根据“When Eric walked out of the shop”可知此处强调当时埃里克走出商店看到正在发生的事情,所以应用动词短语see sb doing sth,现在分词作宾语补足语。故选C。
14.—David was made _______ the classroom yesterday.
—It served him right. He always litters everywhere. I really hope he can change the bad habit.
A.clean B.to be cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——大卫昨天被要求打扫教室。——他活该。他总是到处乱扔垃圾。我真希望他能改掉这个坏习惯。
考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,变被动语态时,需恢复省略的动词不定式符号to,be made to do sth.“被要求做某事”。故选C。
15.I’m trying to avoid ________ any mistakes. I don’t want to embarrass myself.
A.making B.make C.to make D.made
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我试图避免犯任何错误。我不想让自己难堪。
考查非谓语动词用法。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”,固定搭配。故空处需动名词。故选A。
16.Kunqu ________ in Jiangsu Province is one of China’s oldest forms of opera and known for its pleasant singing.
A.create B.created C.creating D.to create
【答案】B
【详解】句意:昆曲创作于江苏省,是中国最古老的戏曲形式之一,以其悦耳的歌声而闻名。
考查非谓语。此句谓语是is,空白处应该填create的非谓语动词形式作后置定语,Kunqu与create是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语。故选B。
17.An artificial intelligence chatbot __________ by Deepseek is one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history.
A.decided B.divided C.developed D.discovered
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Deepseek研发的人工智能聊天机器人是历史上增长最快的消费者应用程序之一。
考查词汇辨析。decided被决定;divided被分成;developed被研发;discovered被发现。根据“An artificial intelligence chatbot...by Deepseek is... ”可知,空处缺定语,再根据“one of the fastest-growing consumer apps”可知,空处指 “研发”的应用程序,需用developed作后置定语,修饰主语An artificial intelligence chatbot。故选C。
18.The washing machine doesn’t work well. Who do you think he will have it ________.
A.repair B.repairs C.repairing D.repaired
【答案】D
【详解】句意:洗衣机工作不正常。你认为他会让谁修理它?
考查非谓语动词。根据“Who do you think he will have…it.”可知,此处需要使用过去分词形式,表示“让某人修理它”,have sth done“让某事被做”。故选D。
19.The speaker, ________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A.having known B.being known C.knowing D.known
【答案】D
【详解】句意:那位以出色的演讲而闻名的演讲者受到了听众的热烈欢迎。
考查非谓语。句子谓语为was warmly received,空白处为非谓语。主语The speaker与非谓语为动宾关系,要用被动语态,排除AC;此处并未强调动作正在进行,排除B。故选D。
20.I think the short stories ________ by Dickens are very popular ________ the children.
A.are written; for B.are written; among C.written; among D.written; between
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我认为Dickens写的短篇小说在孩子们中很受欢迎。
考查过去分词及介词。short story与written之间是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,among在……之间, 一般用于三者或三者以上;between指两者之间,根据the children可知,此处泛指在孩子中,用among。故选C。
21.Tea ________by Shen Nong is getting more and more popular all over the world.
A.was invented B.invented C.inventing D.is invented
【答案】B
【详解】句意:神农氏发明的茶在全世界越来越受欢迎。
考查非谓语动词。was invented被发明,一般过去时被动语态;invented发明,过去式或过去分词;inventing发明,现在分词或动名词;is invented被发明,一般现在时被动语态。根据句意可知,空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词Tea,因为Tea与动词invent之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词invented。故选B。
22.—A latest newspaper, please!
—There’s only one copy ________. Would you like to have ________?
A.was left; it B.was left; one C.left; it D.left; one
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——请给我最新的报纸!——只剩下一本了。你想要吗?
考查非谓语动词和代词。it指代上文出现的同一事物;one指代上文出现的同类事物中的一个。there be句型中be动词是谓语动词,所以第一空应是非谓语动词,one copy与leave之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词left表示被动含义,作后置定语修饰one copy;第二空指前文提到的“one copy”,故用it表示特指。故选C。
23.In the middle of the ancient city of Beijing ________ the Palace Museum, also ________ the Forbidden City.
A.is; calls B.lie; called C.is; called D.lies; calls
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在北京古城的中心是故宫,也被称为紫禁城。
考查动词辨析。is是、在;lie位于;call称呼。第一句主语是the Palace Museum,谓语动词应用三单形式,表示“在某地、位于某地”用is或lies;且表示“被称作”,应是被动语态be done,结合两空可知用is和called。故选C。
24.—Where’s Mr. Zhang, do you know?
—Well, it’s hard to say. But I saw him ________ a football game just now.
A.watching B.watched C.was watching D.has watched
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——张老师在哪里,你知道吗?——很难说,但是我刚才看见他在看足球比赛。
考查非谓语动词。根据“saw him…a football game just now”可知,看见他刚才正在看足球比赛,用see sb doing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事”,故选A。
25.I was walking outside when I saw your son________ for a bus just now.
A.are waiting B.waiting C.to wait D.wait
【答案】B
【详解】句意:刚才我在外面走的时候看见你儿子在等公共汽车。
考查非谓语。根据“I was walking outside when...”可知,看到对方儿子刚才正在等公共汽车,用see sb doing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事”,故选B。
26.Tom noticed a boy ________ a purse to the policeman when he walked past the street corner.
A.hand in B.handed in C.handing in D.to hand in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:汤姆走过街角时,注意到一个男孩正在把钱包交给警察。
考查非谓语动词。notice sb. doing sth.意为“注意某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行,此处指“一个男孩正在把钱包交给警察”。故空处需现在分词作宾语补足语。故选C。
27.The hard-working girl always sits in the front of the classroom, ________ sure that she can catch everything the teacher says.
A.make B.making C.makes D.made
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个勤奋的女孩总是坐在教室的前排,确保自己能听清老师讲的每一个知识点。
考查非谓语动词。分析题干结构可知,这里需要用现在分词making作伴随状语,表示与主句动作同时发生的伴随状态。故选B。
28.The driver was going along Xinhua Road when he saw an old man ______ on the side of the road.
A.lying B.to lie C.lie D.lay
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当司机看到一个老人躺在路边时,他正行驶在新华路上。
考查非谓语动词。根据“The driver was going along Xinhua Road when he saw an old man...”可知,此处是指看到一个老人正躺在路边。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。故选A。
29.________ together around the fire, all the tourists danced excitedly with the local people when it got dark.
A.Get B.To get C.Getting D.Got
【答案】C
【详解】句意:天黑时,所有的游客和当地人一起兴奋地围着火堆跳舞。
考查现在分词作伴随状语。根据句子结构分析,此处“… together around the fire”在句中作状语,描述的是游客和当地人跳舞时的伴随状态。由于主句“all the tourists danced excitedly with the local people”已经使用了谓语动词“danced”,所以此处应使用非谓语动词形式。“Getting”作为现在分词形式,可以表示主动或进行的动作,在这里可以理解为“游客和当地人一边兴奋地围着火堆,一边跳舞”,符合语境和语法规则。故选C。
30.Recently, great changes in China have made a difference ________ the world although China is a ________ country.
A.to; developing B.with; developed C.on; development D.in; develop
【答案】A
【详解】句意:尽管中国是一个发展中国家,但最近中国的巨大变化对世界产生了影响。
考查介词辨析及现在分词用法。to到;with和;in在……里;on在……上。make a difference to为固定搭配。表示“对……产生影响”,故第一个空填to;根据常识可知,中国是发展中国家,developing country为常见的表达,表示“发展中国家”。故选A。
31.The singer was often seen to practice ________ songs near the woods three years ago.
A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sings
【答案】B
【详解】句意:三年前,这位歌手经常被看到在树林附近练习唱歌。
考查非谓语动词。根据“practice”可知,practice doing sth.“练习做某事”,空处应选singing。故选B。
32.________ too much time online may cause them to be ________ social with family and friend.
A.Spend; little B.To spend; little C.Spending; less D.Spends; less
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在网上花费太多时间可能会导致他们与家人和朋友之间的社交减少。
考查非谓语动词和形容词比较级。little少的,修饰不可数名词;less是little的比较级形式。根据句子结构可知,第一个空是句子的主语,应用动名词形式作主语,表示抽象的动作,排除A、B和D选项。第二个空修饰后面的形容词social,且根据语境“cause them to be...social with family and friend”可知,这里表示“更少地社交”,应用比较级形式less。故选C。
33.Despite (尽管) the challenges we faced, our group continued ________hard and finally achieved our goal.
A.working B.to working C.work D.works
【答案】A
【详解】句意:尽管我们面临着挑战,但我们的团队继续努力,最终实现了我们的目标。
考查非谓语动词。此处是一个常用英文表达continue doing sth“继续做某事”,动名词在句中作宾语。故选A。
34.—Have you read the novels ________ by Mark Twain?
—Yes. And many of them are well worth ________.
A.writing, reading B.wrote, being read C.written, reading
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你有读过马克·吐温写的小说吗?——有的。其中很多都值得一读。
考查过去分词作定语和动名词作宾语。根据“Have you read”可知,句中已有谓语动词,根据“by Mark Twain”可知,此处应用过去分词written作定语修饰名词the novels;be well worth doing“值得做某事”,此处应用动名词作宾语。故选C。
35.In 1930s Austria, a lady ________ Maria became the tutor to seven children.
A.call B.called C.calls D.calling
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在20世纪30年代的奥地利,一位名叫玛丽亚的女士成为七个孩子的家庭教师。
考查非谓语动词。根据“a lady...Maria”可知,此处是一位被称作玛丽亚的女士,应用过去分词called,作后置定语,修饰名词“lady”。故选B。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$