专题04 Exploring poetry (选择必修一）-【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题04 Unit 4 Exploring poetry (选择必修一) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 重点单词 1．grasp n．理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt.抓紧；领会，理解 2．detect vt.发现，查明，侦察出 3．rhyme n．押韵词；押韵 vt.使押韵 vi.和……同韵 4．complex adj.复杂的，难懂的 n．建筑群；复合体；情结 5．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的 6．cage vt.把(动物)关在笼中 n．笼子 7．remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 8．reward vt.奖励，奖赏 n．奖励，回报；悬赏金 9．inner adj.内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 10．perceive vt.注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 11．ideal n．理想；典范 adj.完美的，理想的 12．rigid adj.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 13．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历，经受 14．advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 15．belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 16．bend vi.& vt.(bent，bent) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n．拐弯，弯道 17．claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 18．sigh n．& vi.叹气，叹息 19．dare vi.& vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) 20．striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 21．characterize(also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画 22．encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突 23．numerous adj.众多的，许多的 24．boom n．(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 25．cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛 26．owe vt.欠(情)；欠(债)；归功于；归因于 27．debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 28．entitle vt.(usually passive)给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 29．blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责 30．unforgiving adj.不饶人的，不宽容的；棘手的 重点单词拓展 1．frozen adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→freeze v．将……冷冻，冻僵→freezing adj.严寒的，冰冻的 2．imply vt.含有……的意思，暗示，暗指→implication n．含义；暗示；影响 3．patience n．耐心，忍耐力→patient adj.忍耐的，耐心的 n．病人→patiently adv.耐心地 4．constant adj.持续不断的→constantly adv.不断地；始终，一直 5．logical adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的→logically adv.逻辑上；符合逻辑地 6．reality n．事实，实际经历；现实，实际情况→real adj.真正的；确实的；真实存在的→really adv.真正地；实际上 7．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说 adj.新颖的 8．stability n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；稳重的→stably adv.稳定地 9．tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→tolerate vt.容忍→tolerance n．容忍 10．distinguish vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；高贵的；受尊重的 11．representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表→represent vt.代表；描绘 12．fascinate vt.& vi.深深吸引，迷住→fascinating adj.迷人的，吸引人的 ( 考点 一 frozen adj. 结冰的 , 冰封的 ; 冷冻的 ; 冻僵的 ) (1)be frozen with fear/terror/fright 　 害怕得不能动弹 (2)freeze vi. &vt. (froze, frozen) 结冰; 凝固; (使人或动物)觉得很冷; (使)冻死; 惊呆; 吓呆 freeze one’s blood/make one’s blood freeze 使人极度恐惧 freeze (sth. ) up 冻结(某物) freeze to death 冻死 (3)freezing n. 冰点 adj. 冰冻的; 严寒的 freezing cold 极冷的 The meeting took place on a (freeze) cold and rainy night. 【答案】freezing 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：会议是在一个寒冷的雨夜举行的。此处为固定搭配freezing cold意为“极为寒冷”，形容词短语作定语修饰night。故填freezing。 ( 考点 二 grasp n. 理解 , 领会 ; 抓紧 , 握紧 , 控制 ; 能力所及 vt. 抓紧 ; 领会 , 理解 )T (1) within sb. ’s grasp　 某人能理解/得到 beyond sb. ’s grasp 某人不能理解/得到 have a good grasp of 非常理解/掌握 (2)grasp +从句 理解 grasp an opportunity 抓住机会 grasp hold of 抓住 A businessman will grasp any chance to make a profit. 【答案】at 【详解】考查介词。句意：商人会尽力抓住任何赚钱的机会。grasp at为固定短语，意为“尽力抓住”，符合句意。故填at。 ( 考点 三 patience n. 耐心 , 忍耐力 ) (1)have little/no patience with sb. 　　　 对某人没有耐心, 不能忍受某人 lose/run out of patience (with sb. ) 　　 (对某人)失去耐心 with patience 耐心地 (2)patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 be patient with. . . 对……耐心 (3)patiently adv. 耐心地 He explains every problem to his students with great (patient). 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：他耐心地向学生解释每一个问题。great为形容词修饰名词，故填名词patience。 ( 考点 四 reward vt . 奖励，奖赏，报答，酬谢 n ． 奖励，回报；酬谢；悬赏金；奖赏 ) • (1)reward sb. for 　　因……酬谢某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……酬谢某人 (2)as a reward for 作为……的报酬; 作为……的回报 in reward for 为了报答, 作为对……的回报 (3) rewarding adj. (指活动等)值得做的, 有益的 Philip said he found his teaching job very interesting and (reward). 【答案】rewarding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当被问及对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得这很有趣而且很有意义。设空处与形容词interesting并列，作宾语补足语，描述宾语job，reward的形容词形式rewarding“值得做的；有益的”符合句意。故填rewarding。 ( 考点 五 advocate vt . 拥护，支持，提倡 n ． 提倡者，拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 ) advocate (doing) sth 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事 advocate sb to do sth 提倡让某人做某事 advocate that...主张/提倡…… It is advocated that...主张/提倡……[从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”] Experts advocate (take) effective measures to ensure teenagers' safety and healthy growth. 【答案】taking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：专家倡导采取有效措施来确保青少年的安全和健康成长。advocate doing sth. 意为“倡导做某事”，是固定搭配。故填taking。 ( 考点 六 claim vt . 声称，宣称；索要，索取；致命；认领；获得 n ． 声称，宣称；所有权；索赔 ) claim that/to do...声称…… claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 claim for/make a claim for sth 就……提出要求 It is claimed that...据称……，据说…… The manager claimed (retire) because of his poor health. 【答案】to retire 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：经理声称因为身体不好而退休。“声称做某事”为claim to do sth。故填to retire。 ( 考点 七 tolerant adj . 宽容的，容忍的；能耐 …… 的 ) be tolerant of/towards对……容忍/宽容 tolerate vt.容忍；允许；忍受 tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing...容忍(某人)做…… tolerance n．容忍；忍耐力 (tolerate) means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change. 【答案】Tolerance 【详解】查名词。句意：宽容意味着你应该尊重他人的差异，而不是试图让他们改变。不可数名词tolerance（宽容）作主语，首字母大写。故填Tolerance。 ( 考点 八 distinguish v ． 区分，辨别；分清；成为 …… 的特征；使有别于；使出众 ) distinguish between A and B　区分A和B distinguish...from...使……有别于……；把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself (as)(作为……而)出名；使自己出众 distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的；高贵的；受尊重的 be distinguished for...因……而出名 be distinguished as...作为……而出名 There are (vary) approaches to the center，where experts will try to make twins (distinguish). 【答案】 various distinguished 【详解】考查形容词。句意：该中心有各种各样的方法，专家们将努力区分双胞胎。此处修饰名词应用形容词various表示“各种各样的”作定语。make...distinguished意为“区分……”，此处用过去分词distinguished作宾语补足语。动词distinguish意为“区分”。故填①various；②distinguished。 ( 考点 九 owe vt . 欠 ( 情 ) ，欠 ( 债 ) ；归功于；归因于 ) owe sb sth ＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物；把……归功于…… owe it to sb that.../to do...把……归功于某人 owe an apology to sb/owe sb an apology应向某人道歉 •owing to由于 I owed to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident. 【答案】it 【详解】考查代词。句意：我在如此严重的事故中幸免于难，多亏了医生。owe it to sb that...“多亏某人……”，固定短语，故填it。 ( 考点 十 blame n ． 责任，责备，指责 vt . 责怪，指责，把 …… 归咎于 ) take/bear the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人 •blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) I admit that it is I rather than you that should be blamed what has happened. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我承认对所发生的事应该受责备的是我而不是你。固定搭配be blamed for“因……受责备”。故填for。 重点短语 1．dig up发现，搜集，查明 2．set sth aside把……放一边；留出 3．break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 4．make allowance for体谅；考虑到，估计到 5．familiarize oneself with让自己熟悉 6．be rooted in根源在于；植根于 7．distinguish...from...使……有别于…… 8．be representative of 是……的代表；是……的典型 9．be recognized as 被视为……，被认为是…… 10．be fascinated by 被……迷住；被……深深吸引 ( 考点 一 set sth. aside 把 …… 放一边 , 留出 , 不理会 ) set about sth. /doing sth. 　开始(某工作); 着手做某事 set sb. /sth. apart (from. . . ) 使某人/物(与……)分离 set sth. down 写下来 set off 出发, 引爆, 引起 set out 出发 set out to do sth. 开始做某事 set up 建立 Crystal set out (change) that, and helped to create a global movement. 【答案】to change 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Crystal开始着手改变这一点，并帮助发起了一场全球运动。set out to do“开始做某事”为固定短语。故填to change。 ( 考点 二 break with sth. 与某事终止关联 , 破除 ) break with sb. 　 与某人绝交 break out (战争、火灾、瘟疫等)爆发 break up 打碎, 分开; (关系)破裂, 分手 break through (取得)突破, 冲破 break down 发生故障, 失败 break into 闯入 break in 打断, 闯入 【易混辨析】break into 和break in都表示“闯入”, 前者是及物动词短语, 可以带宾语, 可用于被动语态。后者是不及物动词短语, 不能带宾语, 也不能用于被动语态。 Scientists hope to break soon in their fight against heart disease. 【答案】through 【详解】考查介词。句意：科学家们希望在抗击心脏病的斗争中很快能有突破。根据后文in the fight against the disease可知，空处应填介词through，构成固定短语break through，意为“突破”。故填through。 重点句型 1．Second，approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape.(as if 引导方式状语从句) 第二，走进诗歌，就像你是一个置身于陌生风景中的探索者。 2．Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do) 相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。 3．As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort.(as long as 引导条件状语从句) 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感触，或使你领悟到另一层含义，那你的努力就是值得的。 4．It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...) 人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。 5．Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.(过去分词短语作状语) 在强烈的探险欲和游历欲的驱使下，李白二十几岁便离家去周游。 ( 考点 一 主语 ＋ be ＋ adj . ＋ to do ) （教材原句）Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。 本句中含有句型“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”。 •特点：不定式用主动形式表示被动意义 •使用条件：使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：①不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；②常用形容词有：difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。 像大多数的重大问题一样，这个问题很容易问，但很难回答。（主语+be+形容词+to do） Like most great questions, this one . 【答案】is easy to ask but difficult to answer 【详解】考查固定句型。此处使用“主语+be动词+形容词+to do”，该结构中动词不定式和句子主语是动宾关系，但用主动形式表示被动意义，“容易”使用形容词easy，“问”使用动词ask，“但”使用连词but，“难”使用形容词difficult，“回答”使用动词answer，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般出现在时，主语one表示单数意义，be动词使用is，故填is easy to ask but difficult to answer。 ( 考点 二 A s long as 引导时间状语从句 ) （教材原句）As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort.  只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟, 或者让你发现另一层含义, 你的努力就是值得的。 (1)本句是复合句。句中As long as引导条件状语从句。as long as=so long as表示“只要”, 从句中常用一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时。 (2)从句中有两个使役动词makes和lets, 此处是make/let+宾语+省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 我同意你的意见，只要你有信心成功。（confident） I agree with you, as long as . 【答案】you are confident of success 【详解】考查形容词。“你”you，“对……有信心”可使用短语be confident of，根据句中agree可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语是you，be动词使用are，介词of后接宾语“成功”success。故填you are confident of success。 单元语法 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们的基本形式的变化如下: 基本形式的变化(以do为例) 形式 一般时 进行时 完成时 动词不定式 to do/ to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 动词-ing形式 doing/being done - having done/ having been done 动词-ed形式 done - - 　　非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 - - √ √ √ √ ( 考点 一 非谓语动词作主语 : 动词不定式与动词 -ing 形式 ) 1. 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作主语。不定式作主语时常用形式主语it代替, 不定式置于句末。 To skate on the frozen river is what I’d like to do after school today.今天放学后我想去结冰的河上滑冰。 It is important for us to learn English very well. 对我们来说学好英语是重要的。 2. 动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替, 动词-ing形式置于句末。这时常用于以下句型: it is no good/use doing sth. , it is a waste of time doing sth. , it is worthwhile doing sth. 。 【名师点津】动词-ing形式作主语时, 有时其前面要加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格, 表明动作的发出者。 1．It is highly important (bridge) the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet. 【答案】to bridge 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：消除数字鸿沟，确保每个人都能上网是非常重要的。本句考查固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth”，It为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语，所以此处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to bridge。 2．However, (earn) a living is by no means the only reason why we work. 【答案】earning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因。此处使用动名词earning作主语。故填earning。 ( 考点 二 非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式 ) 1. 在afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后, 常接动词不定式作宾语。 He managed to pass the exam but I failed to finish my task. 他成功地通过了考试, 但是我没有完成我的任务。 2. 在advise, admit, avoid, consider(考虑), deny, enjoy, finish, practise, suggest等动词以及burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off等短语后, 常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 *He admitted having no capability to solve the complex problem. 他承认没有能力解决这个复杂的问题。 3. 在like, love, begin, start等动词后, 既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语, 但二者区别不大, 常可以交换使用。 *I like singing. =I like to sing. 我喜欢唱歌。 4. 在remember, forget, regret, try, mean等动词后, 既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语, 但二者意义不同。 remember, forget to do(动作未做) doing(已做) regret to do(遗憾要做) doing(后悔做过) try to do(尽力去做) doing(尝试做) mean to do(打算做) doing(意味着做……) go on to do(接下来做另外一件事) doing(继续做原来的事情) can’t help (to) do(不能帮助做) doing(禁不住做) I remember reading the story somewhere before. 我记得以前在什么地方读过这个故事。 Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave the office. 当你离开办公室时, 请记得关灯。 5. 介词后一般只接动词-ing形式作宾语。 I’m proud of being a Chinese. 我为自己是一个中国人而自豪。 Please forgive me for not telling you the news in time. 请原谅我没有及时告诉你这个消息。 【名师点津】want, need, require等动词后, 常用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动的意思, 动词-ing形式可以换成动词不定式的被动式。例如: *My hair needs cutting. = My hair needs to be cut. 我的头发需要剪了。 接动词-ing形式作宾语的口诀 建议抵制享受(suggest/ advise; resist; enjoy) 考虑承认冒险(consider; admit; risk) 避免推迟实践(avoid; delay/put off; practice) 期待成功完成(look forward to; succeed in; finish) 接动词不定式作宾语的口诀 同意提出做计划(agree; offer; plan) 要求答应来帮忙(demand/ ask; promise; help) 决定准备遭拒绝(decide; prepare; refuse) 敢于选择有希望(dare; choose; wish/ hope/ expect) 不能做到莫假装(fail; pretend) 设法做成决心坚(manage; determine) 表明动作的发出者。 After the divorce she resolved never (marry) again. 【答案】to marry 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：离婚后，她决定再也不结婚了。“resolve to do sth”为固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，所以此处应填动词不定式to marry作宾语。故填 to marry。 My sister had to continue her homework after (complain) to my parents about the noisy neighborhood. 【答案】complaining 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我妹妹向我父母抱怨了吵闹的邻居后，不得不继续做作业。after后接动名词complaining作宾语。故填complaining。 ( 考点 三 非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式，动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 ) 1. 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语所指的内容, 动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语时, 如果前面有实义动词do的形式, to可以省略。 *His ideal is to become an astronaut in the future. 词汇复现 他的理想是将来成为一名宇航员。 *My hope is for all members to come together. 我希望所有人都来。 *All I did was (to) give him a helping hand. 我所做的就是帮助他。 2. 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语的特征或者状态, 动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 *The film was so moving that he was moved to tears. 这部电影如此感人, 以至于他感动得流泪了。 *My job is taking care of the elderly in the nursing home. 我的工作是在养老院照顾老人。 1．People whose interest is (explore) the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. 【答案】exploring 【详解】考查动名词。句意：那些对探索艺术与科学之间关系感兴趣的人会喜欢新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。此处为非谓语动词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示经常性动作，所以此空应填动名词形式。故填exploring。 2．He remained (stand) beside the door. 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他仍然站在桌子旁边。根据固定搭配remain doing“保持；依然”，可知，此处用现在分词作表语，故填standing。 ( 考点 四 非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式，动词 -ing 形式与动词-ed形式 ) 动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事; 动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事, 与被修饰词之间是主动关系; 动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义, 与被修饰词之间是被动关系。 I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. 明天我有一个会议要参加。 The man being rewarded is my next-door neighbour. 正在受奖的那个人是我的隔壁邻居。 The animal introduced to the island caused damage to the local ecosystem. 引进到这个岛上的动物对当地的生态系统造成了破坏。 【温馨提示】 (1)当名词前面有序数词或形容词最高级以及only, last, next等修饰时, 后面常用不定式作定语。 (2)下面的名词后面接动词不定式作定语 ability, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right(权利)等。 (3)动词不定式中的动词若是不及物动词, 而不定式与其修饰的名词之间有动宾关系, 这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。 1．Some plants have the capacity (communicate) with each other by releasing chemical signals when under attack. 【答案】to communicate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些植物有能力在受到攻击时通过释放化学信号来相互交流。名词capacity后用不定式作定语，capacity to do意义为“做某事的能力”。故填to communicate。 2．The (license) process involves legal contracts between parties. 【答案】licensing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：许可流程涉及各方之间的法律合同。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词process，结合句意，此处表示一般性动作，所以使用license的动名词形式“licensing”作定语，licensing process意为“许可流程”为固定搭配，符合语境。故填licensing。 ( 考点 五 非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式，动词 -ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 ) 1. 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果, 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。 I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. 为了不摔倒, 我在冰上慢慢地走。 (表目的) They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头砸了自己的脚。 (表结果) He sat in a chair, reading a novel. 他坐在椅子上读一本小说。 (表伴随) 2. 作状语时, 动词-ing形式具有主动意义, 与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系; 动词-ed形式具有被动意义, 与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系。 Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work. (主语I和be short of money之间是主动关系)因为缺钱, 我决定申请这份工作。 Bitten by a dog, Allen was rushed to the hospital. (主语Allen和bite之间是被动关系)艾伦被狗咬了, 被火速送到医院。 3. 动词-ing形式作状语可用完成式, 表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having read all the papers, he answered the questions fluently. 他读完所有试卷之后, 流利地回答了问题。 4. 动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式作状语时, 有时前面可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, until等连词, 相当于状语从句的省略。 Unless invited (=Unless I’m invited), I won’t attend his birthday party. 除非受到邀请, 否则我不会参加他的生日聚会。 When walking out of the meeting room(= When they were walking out of the meeting room), all the people were talking about the decision made just now. 人们走出会议室时都在谈论刚才做出的决定。 1．Everyone was silent, (wait) to see who would be asked to read the passage. 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有人都安静下来，等待着看谁会被叫起来朗读这篇短文。此处wait与everyone构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填waiting 2． (permit) enough time, we can complete the task with higher quality. 【答案】Permitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果留出足够时间，我们能以更高质量完成任务。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，permit和逻辑主语we为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Permitted。 ( 考点 六 非谓语动词作补 语：动词不定式，动词 -ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 ) 1. 在expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后, 常接“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构, 动词不定式作补语。 He warned us to be careful. 他警告我们要小心。 2. see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后的补语。 (1)接不带to的动词不定式作补语, 表示动作的整个过程; (2)接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系; (3)接动词的-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在过马路。 3. 在使役动词have, let, make后用省略to的动词不定式作补语。have, make后面还可以用动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。have可以接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系。 The policeman let the suspect tell the truth. 警察让嫌疑犯如实交代。 He raised his voice to make himself heard. 为了让其他人听到他的声音, 他提高了嗓门。 4. catch/spot+宾语+动词-ing形式表示“发现……正在做” I caught/spotted them stealing my apples. 我发现他们正在偷我的苹果。 5. keep/find+宾语+动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式 Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 很抱歉, 让你久等了。 Please keep me informed of your latest information. 请让我了解你的最新情况。 6. “with/without + 名词/代词 +非谓语动词作补语”的复合结构 He didn’t fall asleep with the noise going on. 有噪音他睡不着。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门(在房里)工作。 【名师点津】 动词不定式作补语易错提醒 三使、一感觉、两听、五看、半帮助(have, make, let, feel, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice, help)等动词在主动语态中, 后面作补语的动词不定式不可带to, 但是被动语态必须加上to。 I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition. 老师经常让我重写作文。 She was seen to help an injured old man near the bank. 有人看见她在银行附近帮助了一位受伤的老人。 1．I’ll have the technical issues (figure) out by tomorrow morning. 【答案】figured 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我会在明天早上之前解决好技术方面的问题。此处figure与issues构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填figured。 2．With the unemployment rapidly (approach) to one million mark, the government is under great pressure to create more job opportunities. 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：随着失业率迅速逼近百万大关，政府面临创造更多就业机会的巨大压力。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，the unemployment和approach为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填approaching。 难点一： freeze 1．The poor girl was found dead in the (freeze) cold night. 【答案】freezing/freezingly 【详解】考查形容词和副词。句意：这个可怜的女孩被发现死在冰冷的夜晚。表示“冰冷的”可用freezing cold，形容词freezing用作副词，修饰形容词cold；也可用freezingly cold，副词freezingly修饰形容词cold。故填freezing(ly)。 2．The (freeze) lake reflects the clear sky, making for a beautiful photograph. 【答案】frozen 【详解】考查形容词。句意：结冰的湖面倒映着清澈的天空，构成了一幅美丽的画面。根据空前定冠词the及空后名词lake可知，空处应填形容词作定语，所给词freeze是动词，应用其形容词形式frozen“结冰的”修饰lake。故填frozen。 3．In this cold weather, many things were .(freeze) 【答案】 freezing frozen 【详解】考查形容词、被动语态。句意：在这寒冷的天气里，很多东西都被冻住了。分析句子结构，第一个空白处在句子中作定语，描述weather的性质，使用形容词freezing极冷的；第二个空白处在句子中做谓语，与主语things之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据空白处前面的助动词were可知空白处填过去分词，故填freezing；frozen。 难点二： grasp 1．He wondered whether his friends (grasp)that he had done his best. 【答案】grasped 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：他想知道他的朋友们是否知道他已经尽力了。grasp意为“领会；理解”。分析句子可知，空格处在whether引导的宾语从句中作谓语，由wondered可知，此处应用一般过去时态。故填grasped。 2．It is not difficult (grasp) a foreign language if you spend time and effort on it. 【答案】to grasp 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：如果你花时间和精力，掌握一门外语并不难。It is not difficult to do sth.做某事不是困难的，固定句型，此处it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，所以空处需用动词不定式作主语。故填to grasp。 3．The student pretends （grasp）what the teacher said just now. 【答案】to have grasped 【详解】考查不定式。句意：那个学生假装听懂了老师刚才说的话。“假装做某事”是pretend to do sth. 用不定式作宾语。此处表示“假装做了某事”是pretend to have done sth. ，强调动作已经完成，用不定式的完成形式。故填to have grasped。 难点三： patient 1．After a long time of waiting, the customers became (patient). 【答案】impatient 【详解】考查形容词。句意：经过长时间的等待，顾客们变得不耐烦了。此处为形容词作表语，根据“After a long time of waiting”可知，长时间等待会让顾客失去耐心，patient意为“有耐心的”，其反义词为impatient表示“不耐烦的”符合语境。故填impatient。 2．I wouldn’t have the (patient) to sit mending watches all day. 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：我没有耐心整天坐着修表。根据句意，空处需填名词patience作have的宾语。故填patience。 难点三： reward 1．You deserve a reward being so helpful. The players deserve a pat on the back. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：你帮了这么大的忙，应该得到奖励。球员们值得表扬。deserve sth. for doing sth.表示“因做某事而值得某物”。故填for。 2．May I give you a reward your helping with my English? 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我可以给你一个奖励感谢你帮助我提高英语吗？ a reward for sth.表示“因为某事而奖励”，本空用介词for“因为，为了”，符合题意。故填for。 3．He find it both challenging and rewarding (accompany) children in many aspects. 【答案】to accompany 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他发现在许多方面陪伴孩子既具有挑战性，又有回报。分析句子可知，it为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。故填to accompany。 难点四： advocate 1．The famous school advocated (get) up early to read English. 【答案】getting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这所名校提倡早起读英语。advocate doing sth.“提倡做某事”是固定杜纳于，空处填所给词的动名词形式作宾语。故填getting。 难点五： claim 1．You can claim your money if the goods are damaged. 【答案】back 【详解】考查副词。句意：如果货物损坏，你可以要求退款。分析句子可知，这里考查claim sth back，表“索回某物”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故填back。 2．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他声称戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，因为他已经戒过几百次了。空格处用动名词quitting作that引导的宾语从句中的主语，故填quitting。 难点六：句型 1．如果这很难理解，那就让我们像冰箱后面的芝麻菜一样简单吧。[主语+ be+形容词(+ for sb.)+ to do结构] If , let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. 【答案】that’s hard to understand 【详解】考查固定句型。根据句意和提示可知，此处表示“这很难理解”使用“主语+ be+形容词+ to do”结构，表示“困难”为hard，表示“理解”为understand，结合主句中的谓语动词可知，此处讲述的时客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，所以“这很难理解”为that’s hard to understand。故填that’s hard to understand。 2．格罗斯先生意识到他面前的这个任务短时间内是难以完成的。(主语＋be＋形容词＋to do) Mr. Gross realised the task before him in such a short time. 【答案】was difficult to finish 【详解】考查时态和不定式。对比中英文句子，空处缺少“难以完成”，题目要求使用“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构。主语：the task before him（他面前的任务），be动词：根据主句时态（realised是过去式），此处用过去式 was，形容词表示“困难的”用difficult，to do：不定式用主动形式表被动隐含（任务被完成），用 to finish。故填was difficult to finish。 3．这个问题太棘手了，这位研究员很难在短时间内解决。(主语+be+形容词+for sb. to do) The tough problem . 【答案】was too difficult for this researcher to solve in a short time 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。too...to为固定短语，表示“太……以至于不能”；表示“这位研究员解决”含义的表达为for this researcher to solve in a short time，该表达为动词不定式的复合结构；表示“在短时间内”含义的表达为in a short time，故填was too difficult for this researcher to solve in a short time。 4．只要我们每个人都能为保护环境做出贡献，世界将变得更适合居住。（as long as） , the world will become a much more habitable place. 【答案】As long as we each can make a contribution to protecting the environment 【详解】考查状语从句和固定搭配。“只要”用as long as引导条件状语从句；“我们每个人”翻译为we each；“能”用can；“为……做出贡献”翻译为make a contribution to；“保护环境”翻译为protect the environment，在介词to后，protect用动名词形式。故填As long as we each can make a contribution to protecting the environment。 5．I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me.(同义词替换) →I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, my dad went with me. 【答案】provided/providing/ providing that 【详解】考查连词。句意：我问保罗叔叔我能不能去骑马，他说可以，只要我爸爸和我一起去。分析句子，原句中as long as引导状语从句，意为“只要”，表示条件；其同义词替换为provided；providing；providing that，都意为“ 倘若，假如”引导条件状语从句。故答案为provided/providing/providing that。 · 提升专练 一．单句语法填空 1．The two reports presented (contradict) findings, leaving us confused about the true situation. 【答案】contradictory 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这两份报告提出了相互矛盾的结论，使我们对真实情况感到困惑。修饰名词findings，应用形容词contradictory，作定语。故填contradictory。 2．A note of criticism can (detect) from his remarks. 【答案】be detected 【详解】考查语态。句意：从他的话中可以看出批评的意味。detect作本句谓语，和主语A note of criticism之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前是情态动词，所以be动词用原形。故填be detected。 3．In (real), nothing can break down the deep misunderstanding between us . 【答案】reality 【详解】考查名词。句意：实际上，没有什么能打破我们之间的深刻误解。空格前为介词in，需接名词形式，real的名词形式为reality作宾语，in reality“实际上”。故填reality。 4．When you finally make your great discovery, your efforts (reward). 【答案】will be rewarded 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当你最终有重大发现时，你的努力将会得到回报。空处作主句的谓语，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句应用一般将来时，reward“奖励，给予奖赏”和主语efforts之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，be rewarded表示“得到回报”。故填will be rewarded。 5．Even as a young man, he (perceive) as a future chief executive since last year. 【答案】has been perceived 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：从去年开始，即使他还是个年轻人，他就被认为是未来的首席执行官。perceive(认为)是谓语动词，与主语he之间是被动关系，结合时间状语since last year可知，描述从过去持续到现在的行为，应用现在完成时态，又因主语是he第三人称单数代词，谓语用单数形式。故填has been perceived。 6．Many workmates consider the manager’s idea to be of (logical) and construction. 【答案】logicality 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多同事认为经理的想法很有逻辑性，很有条理。设空处作介词to的宾语，应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填logicality。 7．Cultivating a plant in space is just one part of a (complex)and larger effort. 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：在太空中种植植物只是一项更复杂和更大努力的一部分，根据上文“ Cultivating a plant in space(在太空中种植植物)”以及“ larger”可知，此处是把在太空种植植物和在地球上种植植物进行比较，应用形容词的比较级。故填 more complex。 8．In (real), different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency greatly. 【答案】reality 【详解】考查名词。句意：实际上，不同的学生有不同的学习习惯，我认为这极大地影响了他们的学习效率。空处需要名词reality“事实”，和介词in构成短语in reality“事实上”。故填reality。 9．They will make life’s journey much more rich and (reward), not to mention fun. 【答案】rewarding 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们会使生活的旅程更加丰富和有意义，更不用说乐趣了。分析可知，所填应是形容词，与“rich”并列作宾语补足语。“reward”，动词，意为“奖励，奖赏”，其形容词形式为“rewarding(值得的，有意义的)”。故填rewarding。 10．The entrance is in (constantly) use. 【答案】constant 【详解】考查形容词。句意：此入口经常被使用。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词use，constantly的形容词为constant，意为“不断的，经常的”，符合句意。故填constant。 11．He is a greedy and (grasp) man. 【答案】grasping 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是个贪得无厌的人。分析句子可知，空处和greedy并列，作修饰man的定语，应用形容词grasping，意为“贪心的，贪婪的”。故填grasping。 12．His (remote) made her feel unloved. 【答案】remoteness 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的冷漠使她觉得他不爱她。设空处在句中作主语，应填名词remoteness“冷漠，疏远”。故填remoteness。 13．It is a (represent) of ink wash animation films. 【答案】representative 【详解】考查名词。句意：它是水墨动画电影的代表。设空前有a修饰，应用名词，representation强调某种表现或者描绘，representative强调某种典型或者例子，所以representative符合语意，故填representative。 14．They flew in over the beach, (cast) a huge shadow. 【答案】casting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们飞到海滩上空，投下一大片阴影。句子已有谓语动词flew，动词cast“投射”用作非谓语形式，描述伴随状况，与逻辑主语They是主动关系，因此用现在分词形式casting作状语。故填casting。 15．The poem (entitle) “The Road Not Taken” is considered one of Robert Frost’s most popular works. 【答案】entitled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这首题为《未走的路》的诗被认为是罗伯特·弗罗斯特最受欢迎的作品之一。is considered为本句的谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，修饰名词the poem，作后置定语，动词entitle和名词The poem之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填entitled。 16．The twins were so much alike that I have difficulty (distinguish) one from the other. 【答案】distinguishing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这对双胞胎长得太像了，我很难区分谁是谁。短语have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，空处应用distinguish“区分”的动名词形式，作宾语，短语distinguish A from B意为“区分A和B”。故填distinguishing。 17．Proposed in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative will definitely be a (glory) chapter in our country’s history. 【答案】glorious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：2013年提出的“一带一路”倡议必将成为我国历史上光辉的篇章。此处应用形容词glorious表示“辉煌的”作定语。故填glorious。 18．Peace and (stable) in the world need the active involvement of every country. 【答案】stability 【详解】考查名词。句意：世界的和平与稳定需要每个国家的积极参与。此处使用名词stability“稳定”，与Peace并列，作主语。故填stability。 19．When I reached the village, I found its surroundings difficult (tolerate). 【答案】to tolerate 【详解】考查不定式。句意：当我到达那个村庄时，我发现那里的环境很难忍受。“find+宾语+形容词+不定式”为固定结构，形容词easy，difficult等表示宾语性质特征的词后接不定式形式构成一种复合结构，动词不定式的动词与宾语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故填to tolerate。 20．I think we owe it to our future generations (protect) the environment. 【答案】to protect 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我认为为了我们的后代，我们有责任保护环境。owe it to sb to do sth为固定短语，意思为：该为某人做某事，空处填写不定式结构to protect。故填to protect。 21．The girl’s eye make-up was very (strike). 【答案】striking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个女孩的眼妆非常引人注目。分析句子结构可知，空处需要形容词作表语。strike为动词，其形容词形式为striking“引人注目的”。故填striking。 二．完成句子 1．While it is easy to when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to when students are troubled. 尽管学生们何时对讲课感兴趣，何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难的多。 【答案】 perceive distinguish 【详解】考查动词。第一空表示“察觉”应用动词perceive，且上文为it be easy to do sth.，不定式作真正主语；第二空表示“发现，辨别”用动词distinguish，上文为句型it be adj. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。故填①perceive；②distinguish。 2．They stared back, as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 【答案】their blank faces giving no clue 【详解】考查独立主格。根据句意和给的句式结构，They stared back为句子的主干部分，且该句中没有连词，故后半部分应用独立主格结构。their blank faces表示“他们面无表情的脸”，作独立主格结构中的逻辑主语；give no clue表示“没有提供线索”，give与其逻辑主语their blank faces构成主动关系，因此要用现在分词giving。故填their blank faces giving no clue。 3．I’m far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place with no roads or towns. 我身处瑞典北端偏远的萨勒克国家公园，一个既没有公路也没有城镇的地方。 【答案】in the remote 【详解】考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“身处偏远的”，应用介词短语in the remote，与后文far north of Sweden构成完整的表语，来描述当前的位置。故填in the remote。 4．我很乐意带你参观北京，以回报你的慷慨相助。 I’m more than delighted to show you around Beijing you for your generous help. 【答案】 to reward 【详解】考查动词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“回报”应用reward，为动词，在本句中作非谓语，再由句意可知，这里应用不定式形式作目的状语。故填to reward。 5．What I believe is ． 我相信天道酬勤。 【答案】that hard work pays off/ that hard work is/will be rewarded 【详解】考查表语从句，时态和短语。根据中英文提示，空处为“天道酬勤”，作表语，句意完整，成分齐全用that引导表语从句，可翻译为hard work pays off或者hard work is/will be rewarded，讲述客观事实用一般现在时，也可理解为表示将来要发生的事情，用一般将来时，pay off“得到回报”，reward“奖励”与主语work是被动关系，用被动语态，故填that hard work pays off/ that hard work is/will be rewarded。 6．我抑制不住内心的喜悦，蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。 I couldn’t and jumped into the house. 【答案】contain my inner joy 【详解】考查短语。“抑制某人的喜悦”用短语contain one’s joy。“内心的”用形容词inner。情态动词couldn’t后接动词原形。根据句意，故填contain my inner joy。 7．这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。 This essay is an average high school student. 【答案】 beyond the grasp/reach of 【详解】考查介词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“不能理解的”，可用介词短语beyond the grasp of表示“超出某人的理解能力”，或beyond the reach of表示“超出某人的能力范围”，作表语。故填beyond the grasp/reach of。 8．虽然我很忙，我每天留出一个小时内锻炼。 Busy as I am, I an hour every day for exercise. 【答案】 set aside 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“留出（时间）”用set aside，根据an hour every day可知，本句描述经常或习惯性动作，时态用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用动词原形。故填：set aside。 9．经过数周的努力，历史学家们已经挖掘出了证据，帮助解开这个百年之谜。 With weeks of efforts, the historians have evidence to help solve the century-old mystery. 【答案】 dug up 【详解】考查固定短语。表示“挖掘出”用dig up，此处用过去分词，与空前的have构成现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作。故填：dug up。 10．大学生在毕业后想找一个好工作时，不应该追求超出他们能力以外的目标。 College students shouldn’t try to pursue what is when they choose to find a job after graduation. 【答案】 beyond their grasp 【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为介词短语beyond one’s grasp“超出某人的能力范围”，满足句意要求。故分别填beyond；their；grasp。 11．There were two theories. Snow the second one. 那时有两种相互矛盾的理论。斯诺同意第二个理论。 【答案】 contradictory subscribed to 【详解】考查形容词和动词短语。表示“矛盾的”为形容词contradictory，作定语修饰名词theories。句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，表示“同意”用动词短语subscribe to，动词用过去式。故填①contradictory；②subscribed；③to。 12．尽管容易觉察学生什么时候无聊，什么时候分心，但要分辨学生何时有困扰却难得多。 it is easy to when students are bored or distracted, is much harder to when they are troubled. 【答案】 While perceive it distinguish 【详解】考查连词、动词和代词。表示 “尽管”，用连词while，引导让步状语从句；“觉察”用动词perceive，不定式to后接动词原形；“it is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是一个常用句型，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式；“分辨”用动词distinguish，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形。根据句意，故填While; perceive; it; distinguish。 13．在现代，人们虽然过着舒适的生活，但必须学会忍受各种压力。 In modern times, people have to learn to although they are leading a comfortable life. 【答案】tolerate all kinds of pressure 【详解】考查固定短语。“忍受”为tolerate ，“各种各样的”为all kinds of，“压力”为pressure； learn to do意为“学会做某事”是固定搭配，故空处填动词tolerate的原形。故填tolerate all kinds of pressure。 14．无论遇到什么困难，他从未放弃追求梦想，这使他有可能被理想的大学录取。 (分词作状语) , he never gave up pursuing his dream, for him to be admitted to his ideal university. 【答案】 Whatever difficulties he encountered making it possible for him to be admitted to the ideal university 【详解】考查让步状语从句和现在分词作结果状语。“无论遇到什么困难”是让步状语从句，用whatever引导该从句，主语与主句主语一致，用人称代词“he”，谓语“遇到”用encounter，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，宾语“困难”用名词difficulty，结合句意，用复数名词difficulties表泛指，在whatever引导的从句中，从句宾语和表语常置于其后，故译为whatever difficulties he encountered；“这使他有可能被理想的大学录取”作结果状语，用现在分词making表示情理之中的结果，“使他有可能……”译为making it possible for him to do...，其中it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，“被理想的大学录取”用不定式的被动式to be admitted to the ideal university表示。故填Whatever difficulties he encountered；making it possible for him to be admitted to the ideal university. 15．同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。 Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings which the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. 【答案】 breathes vitality into 【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“给赋予灵性”，是固定短语breathe vitality into，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，which指代的先行词expression是不可数名词，因此空格处动词用第三人称单数，故填①breathes；②vitality；③into。 16．In France, may interpret it as . 在法国, 看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。 【答案】 a person encountering an identical gesture meaning zero 【详解】考查非谓语动词、名词和形容词。根据句意可知，表示“一个人”应为a person，表示“看到同一个手势的”应为encounter an identical gesture作定语修饰名词a person，两者为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式，所以第一空为a person encountering an identical gesture；表示“解读为“零””应为 interpret it as mean zero，作介词as的宾语，所以此处应使用动名词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示主动意义，所以第二空为meaning zero。故填①a person encountering an identical gesture②meaning zero。 17．这些图片是水墨动画电影的代表。你看过这些电影吗? (representative) These pictures ink wash animation films. Have you seen any of them before? 【答案】are representative of 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致和形容词。根据汉语提示，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“……的代表”用固定搭配be representative of，representative“有代表性的”是形容词作表语；句子的主语为these pictures，是复数，所以be动词应该用are。故填are representative of。 18．我们要学会明辨是非，这很重要。 It is important that we learn to . 【答案】distinguish between right and wrong 【详解】考查动词和固定短语。根据汉语句意可知，设空处应表示“明辨是非”，可用短语distinguish between right and wrong，设空处位于to do不定式的标志词to后，用动词原形。故填distinguish between right and wrong。 19．这首早期的诗歌在表达方式上具有引人注目的想象力,如“恐惊天上人”,它已经显示出一种浪漫主义风格的迹象,这成为后来李白诗歌的特色。 With striking imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”, this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, . 【答案】which was later to characterize Li Bai’s poetry 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“这成为后来李白诗歌的特色”应该使用非限制性定语从句进行翻译，指代“this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style”，则使用which引导定语从句。“后来”为later，“成为特色”为characterize，“李白的诗歌”为：Li Bai’s poetry。从句的时态为一般过去时，谓语动词使用“be to do”的形式，其中be为was，故填which was later to characterize Li Bai’s poetry。 20． in our life, we should try our best to overcome them. 无论我们在生活中会遇到什么困难，我们都应该尽力克服它们。 【答案】Whatever difficulties we may encounter 【详解】考查让步状语从句。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为连词Whatever表示“无论什么……”引导的让步状语从句，whatever引导让步状语从句即可以单独使用也可以修饰名词，此处为后接复数名词表示“困难”为difficulties，表示“我们在生活中会遇到”应为短语we may encounter。故填Whatever difficulties we may encounter。 三．句型转换 1．It is so hot outside at this summer noon time. The farmers are still weeding in the fields.（用as引导的倒装句改写） _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Hot as it is outside at this summer noon time, the farmers are still weeding in the fields.【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：这个夏天的中午，尽管外面很热。农民们仍在田里除草。as意为“尽管”，引导的让步状语从句用部分倒装，句型之一：形容词 +as+主语+系动词。故将原句第一句中的形容词hot“热的”放于引导词as前，其余单词顺序不变。故答案为Hot as it is outside at this summer noon time, the farmers are still weeding in the fields. 2．He constantly laughs at others. （同义句转换） = .(表示厌烦) 【答案】He is constantly laughing at others 【详解】考查时态。句意：他经常（老是）嘲笑别人。现在进行时与always、constantly等连用，可以表达说话者的厌烦情绪。主语为he，谓语为 is constantly laughing at ，宾语为others。故填He is constantly laughing at others。 3．Read English words aloud for 20 minutes every day.（祈使句的强调形式） → 【答案】Do read English words aloud for 20 minutes every day. 【详解】考查祈使句的强调句式。句意：每天大声朗读英语单词20分钟。祈使句的主语为you，所以强调谓语动词应用助动词do。故填Do read English words aloud for 20 minutes every day.。 4．Take part, and you will benefit a lot.（if从句） → 【答案】If you take part, you will benefit a lot. 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你参加，你会受益很多。if引导条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义，“主将从现”。主句和从句的主语一致且不含有be动词，因此要还原从句中的主语。故答案是If you take part, you will benefit a lot。 5．They are wet all over and their sweat is frequently falling into the soil. The crops grow there.（用with的复合结构和where 引导的定语从句改写） _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】They are wet all over with their sweat frequently falling into the soil, where the crops grow. 【详解】考查with的复合结构和where 引导的定语从句。句意：他们浑身湿透，汗水经常掉到地里。农作物生长在那里。with的复合结构即“with+宾语+宾补”，their sweat“他们的汗水”与fall“掉”为主动关系，且动作正在发生，故用falling作宾补。故主句They are wet all over后用with their sweat frequently falling into the soil，其后用定语从句where the crops grow，从句先行词为the soil，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故答案为They are wet all over with their sweat frequently falling into the soil, where the crops grow. 6．I think it’s very important for the young generation today to understand the poem and treasure every grain.（用“it is of＋抽象名词＋主语从句”结构改写） _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I think it’s of great importance that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain. 【详解】考查it作形式主语和that引导主语从句。句意：我认为对今天的年轻一代来说，理解这首诗并珍惜每一粒粮食是非常重要的。“it is of＋抽象名词＋主语从句”结构中，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。“I think”是主句，其后为宾语从句；“非常重要的是”it’s of great importance that...，其中抽象名词importance意为“重要性，重要”，主语从句不缺少成分和含义故用that引导，that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气，即“(should) +动词原形”，从句主语为the young generation“年轻一代”，其后用should understand the poem and treasure every grain。故答案为：I think it’s of great importance that the young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain. 7．You owe 100 Yuan to me. This is the fact. (用名词性从句合并)(英译汉) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the fact that you owe 100 Yuan to me. 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：你欠我100元。这是事实。分析句子结构以及用名词性从句合并的提示要求可知，该句可转换为连词that引导的同位语从句，fact“事实”为需要解释类的名词，在从句中不充当成分，从句为解释fact的内容。故答案是This is the fact that you owe 100 Yuan to me。 8．We dared not tell him that he had failed again this time. (同义句转换) We him that he had failed again this time. 【答案】didn’t dare to tell/didn’t dare tell 【详解】考查动词dare的用法。句意：我们不敢告诉他这次他又失败了。dare做情态动词时，意为“敢”后接动词原形，dare做实意动词意为“敢于”，后接(to) do；实意动词dare变否定在dare前加助动词。本句时态为一般过去时，此处需用didn’t。故填didn’t dare to tell或didn’t dare tell。 9．Does she dare to walk home alone at night? (同义句转换) home alone at night? 【答案】Dare she walk 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：她敢晚上一个人走回家吗？原句中dare是实义动词，dare也可做情态动词，表示“敢”，用于疑问句中，置于句首，后接动词原形形式，即dare she walk，dare置于句首，首字母大写。故填Dare she walk。 10．I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer. （同义句转换） →I’m not going to their smoking any longer. 【答案】tolerate/stand/endure 【详解】考查动词。句意：我再也不能忍受他们抽烟了。根据句子结构和句意，设空处应填put up with的同义词，可表达为tolerate或stand或endure，设空处前为be going to，故用动词原形，作谓语。故填tolerate或stand或endure。 四．完形填空 When Linda Newbery was eight, she knew she wanted to become a writer.  “I wrote a lot — usually in secret 1 people told me at school that writing wasn't a proper job,” she recalls.  “I was motivated by the books I 2 , like a simplified version of Black Beauty which I could almost recite.” This sets the tone for Linda's lifelong theme of animal 3 , which is central to her work. For instance, her recent book Cruelty Free, published in 2021, explores how our daily choices 4 animals and the environment. “I once aimed to be a poet,”  says Linda, admitting her 5 attempts were less than impressive. “It's strange that although I write my prose (散文) 6 on the computer, I still prefer using traditional pen and paper for poetry.” Originating from Essex, Linda attended grammar school before earning an English degree and 7 settling as a secondary school teacher in Oxfordshire. Her first novel Run with the Hare, released in 1988 without the aid of an agent, was 8 by her experiences teaching and running writing workshops for 9 . Despite facing numerous industry 10 , including takeovers (收购) and lost publications, Linda remains positive, 11 for a consistent writing practice to maintain creative drive even while dealing with other tasks. Linda 12 her writing style to suit each story's needs, always considering readers' perspective. As a long-time passionate advocate for animal welfare, she uses social media to 13 animal protection. Alongside fellow authors, she runs Reviews by Writers, a website discussing literature and industry topics, 14 Linda's adaptable storytelling approach and her devotion to 15 readers. 1．A．until B．before C．because D．though 2．A．read B．wrote C．published D．illustrated 3．A．diversity B．intelligence C．welfare D．behavior 4．A．reflect B．affect C．benefit D．interest 5．A．frequent B．ultimate C．recent D．early 6．A．directly B．briefly C．urgently D．perfectly 7．A．accidentally B．eventually C．immediately D．gradually 8．A．shaped B．inspired C．guided D．improved 9．A．agents B．poets C．writers D．students 10．A．trends B．opportunities C．challenges D．innovations 11．A．advocating B．begging C．answering D．waiting 12．A．keeps B．tailors C．mirrors D．simplifies 13．A．hold back B．slow down C．defend against D．campaign for 14．A．showing B．determining C．imagining D．expecting 15．A．worrying about B．turning to C．connecting with D．depending on 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者琳达·纽伯瑞的写作的历程和作品反应的主题，她调整自己的写作风格，与读者建立了良好的联系。 1．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：“我写了很多东西——通常都是秘密的，因为学校里的人告诉我，写作不是一份合适的工作，”她回忆道。A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. because因为；D. though尽管。根据句意可知，前后为因果关系。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的动力来自于我读过的书，比如我几乎能背诵的简化版《黑骏马》。A. read读；B. wrote写；C. published出版；D. illustrated加插图于。根据下文“like a simplified version of Black Beauty which I could almost recite.”可知，作者的动力来源读过的书籍。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这为琳达毕生的动物福利主题定下了基调，这也是她工作的核心。A. diversity多样性；B. intelligence智力；C. welfare福利；D. behavior行为。根据下文“animal welfare”可知，写作的主题与动物福利有关。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，她在2021年出版的新书 Cruelty Free探讨了我们的日常选择如何影响动物和环境。A. reflect反射；B. affect影响；C. benefit使受益；D. interest使感兴趣。根据上文“our daily choices”以及下文“animals and the environment”可知，人类的活动影响了动物和环境。故选B项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我曾经想成为一名诗人，”琳达说，她承认她早期的尝试并不令人印象深刻。A. frequent频繁的；B. ultimate最终的；C. recent最近的；D. early早期的。根据上文“I once aimed to be a poet”可知，这是早期的尝试。故选D项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，虽然我直接在电脑上写散文，但我还是喜欢用传统的笔和纸写诗。A. directly直接地；B. briefly简短地；C. urgently紧急地；D. perfectly完美地。根据下文“on the computer”可知，她直接在电脑上写散文。故选A项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：琳达来自埃塞克斯郡，在获得英语学位之前，她上的是文法学校，最终在牛津郡定居下来，成为一名中学教师。 A. accidentally偶然地；B. eventually最终；C. immediately立即；D. gradually逐渐地。根据下文“settling as a secondary school teacher in Oxfordshire”可知，最终在牛津郡定居下来，成为一名中学教师。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的第一部小说《与野兔赛跑》于1988年出版，没有经纪人的帮助，灵感来自于她为学生教授和举办写作讲习班的经历。 A. shaped形成；B. inspired赋予灵感；C. guided 指导；D. improved提高。根据下文“her experiences teaching and running writing workshops”可知，灵感来自于她为学生教授和举办写作讲习班的经历。故选B项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的第一部小说《与野兔赛跑》于1988年出版，没有经纪人的帮助，灵感来自于她为学生教授和举办写作讲习班的经历。A. agents代理人；B. poets诗人；C. writers作家； D. students学生。根据上文“teaching and running writing workshops”可知，作者服务的对象是学生。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：管面临着许多行业挑战，包括收购和失去出版物，琳达仍然保持积极的态度，主张坚持写作实践，即使在处理其他任务时也能保持创造力。A. trends趋势；B. opportunities机会；C. challenges挑战；D. innovations创新。根据下文“including takeovers (收购) and lost publications”可知，这些是面对的挑战。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：管面临着许多行业挑战，包括收购和失去出版物，琳达仍然保持积极的态度，主张坚持写作实践，即使在处理其他任务时也能保持创造力。A. advocating主张；B. begging祈求；C. answering回答；D. waiting等待。根据上文“Linda remains positive”以及下文“maintain creative drive even”可知，主张坚持写作实践。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：琳达根据每个故事的需要调整自己的写作风格，总是考虑到读者的角度。A. keeps保持；B. tailors按需定制；C. mirrors反射；D. simplifies简化。根据下文“always considering readers'  perspective.”可知，她根据每个故事的需要调整自己的写作风格。故选B项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名长期热衷于动物福利的倡导者，她利用社交媒体支持动物保护运动。A. hold back阻止；B. slow down 慢下来；C. defend against防御；D. campaign for支持某人或某事的运动。根据“she uses social media”可知，她利用社交媒体支持动物保护运动。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和其他作家一起经营Reviews by Writers，这是一个讨论文学和行业话题的网站，展示了琳达善于变通的讲故事方式，以及她与读者建立联系的奉献精神。A. showing展示；B. determining决定；C. imagining想象；D. expecting期望。根据上文“she runs Reviews by Writers, a website discussing literature and industry topics”可知，展示了琳达善于变通的讲故事方式，以及她与读者建立联系的奉献精神。故选A项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她和其他作家一起经营作家评论(Reviews by Writers)，这是一个讨论文学和行业话题的网站，展示了琳达善于变通的讲故事方式，以及她与读者建立联系的奉献精神。A. worrying about担忧；B. turning to求助；C. connecting with联系；D. depending on依靠。根据上文“always considering readers'  perspective.”可知，她愿意与读者建立联系。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 Unit 4 Exploring poetry (选择必修一) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 重点单词 1．grasp n．理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt.抓紧；领会，理解 2．detect vt.发现，查明，侦察出 3．rhyme n．押韵词；押韵 vt.使押韵 vi.和……同韵 4．complex adj.复杂的，难懂的 n．建筑群；复合体；情结 5．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的 6．cage vt.把(动物)关在笼中 n．笼子 7．remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 8．reward vt.奖励，奖赏 n．奖励，回报；悬赏金 9．inner adj.内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 10．perceive vt.注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 11．ideal n．理想；典范 adj.完美的，理想的 12．rigid adj.死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的 13．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历，经受 14．advocate vt.拥护，支持，提倡 n．拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 15．belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心 16．bend vi.& vt.(bent，bent) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n．拐弯，弯道 17．claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 18．sigh n．& vi.叹气，叹息 19．dare vi.& vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) 20．striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 21．characterize(also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画 22．encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突 23．numerous adj.众多的，许多的 24．boom n．(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 25．cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛 26．owe vt.欠(情)；欠(债)；归功于；归因于 27．debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 28．entitle vt.(usually passive)给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 29．blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责 30．unforgiving adj.不饶人的，不宽容的；棘手的 重点单词拓展 1．frozen adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→freeze v．将……冷冻，冻僵→freezing adj.严寒的，冰冻的 2．imply vt.含有……的意思，暗示，暗指→implication n．含义；暗示；影响 3．patience n．耐心，忍耐力→patient adj.忍耐的，耐心的 n．病人→patiently adv.耐心地 4．constant adj.持续不断的→constantly adv.不断地；始终，一直 5．logical adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的→logically adv.逻辑上；符合逻辑地 6．reality n．事实，实际经历；现实，实际情况→real adj.真正的；确实的；真实存在的→really adv.真正地；实际上 7．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说 adj.新颖的 8．stability n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的；牢固的；稳重的→stably adv.稳定地 9．tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→tolerate vt.容忍→tolerance n．容忍 10．distinguish vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；高贵的；受尊重的 11．representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表→represent vt.代表；描绘 12．fascinate vt.& vi.深深吸引，迷住→fascinating adj.迷人的，吸引人的 ( 考点 一 frozen adj. 结冰的 , 冰封的 ; 冷冻的 ; 冻僵的 ) (1)be frozen with fear/terror/fright 　 害怕得不能动弹 (2)freeze vi. &vt. (froze, frozen) 结冰; 凝固; (使人或动物)觉得很冷; (使)冻死; 惊呆; 吓呆 freeze one’s blood/make one’s blood freeze 使人极度恐惧 freeze (sth. ) up 冻结(某物) freeze to death 冻死 (3)freezing n. 冰点 adj. 冰冻的; 严寒的 freezing cold 极冷的 The meeting took place on a (freeze) cold and rainy night. ( 考点 二 grasp n. 理解 , 领会 ; 抓紧 , 握紧 , 控制 ; 能力所及 vt. 抓紧 ; 领会 , 理解 )T (1) within sb. ’s grasp　 某人能理解/得到 beyond sb. ’s grasp 某人不能理解/得到 have a good grasp of 非常理解/掌握 (2)grasp +从句 理解 grasp an opportunity 抓住机会 grasp hold of 抓住 A businessman will grasp any chance to make a profit. ( 考点 三 patience n. 耐心 , 忍耐力 ) (1)have little/no patience with sb. 　　　 对某人没有耐心, 不能忍受某人 lose/run out of patience (with sb. ) 　　 (对某人)失去耐心 with patience 耐心地 (2)patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人 be patient with. . . 对……耐心 (3)patiently adv. 耐心地 He explains every problem to his students with great (patient). ( 考点 四 reward vt . 奖励，奖赏，报答，酬谢 n ． 奖励，回报；酬谢；悬赏金；奖赏 ) • (1)reward sb. for 　　因……酬谢某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……酬谢某人 (2)as a reward for 作为……的报酬; 作为……的回报 in reward for 为了报答, 作为对……的回报 (3) rewarding adj. (指活动等)值得做的, 有益的 Philip said he found his teaching job very interesting and (reward). ( 考点 五 advocate vt . 拥护，支持，提倡 n ． 提倡者，拥护者，支持者；辩护律师 ) advocate (doing) sth 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事 advocate sb to do sth 提倡让某人做某事 advocate that...主张/提倡…… It is advocated that...主张/提倡……[从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”] Experts advocate (take) effective measures to ensure teenagers' safety and healthy growth. ( 考点 六 claim vt . 声称，宣称；索要，索取；致命；认领；获得 n ． 声称，宣称；所有权；索赔 ) claim that/to do...声称…… claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 claim for/make a claim for sth 就……提出要求 It is claimed that...据称……，据说…… The manager claimed (retire) because of his poor health. ( 考点 七 tolerant adj . 宽容的，容忍的；能耐 …… 的 ) be tolerant of/towards对……容忍/宽容 tolerate vt.容忍；允许；忍受 tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing...容忍(某人)做…… tolerance n．容忍；忍耐力 (tolerate) means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change. ( 考点 八 distinguish v ． 区分，辨别；分清；成为 …… 的特征；使有别于；使出众 ) distinguish between A and B　区分A和B distinguish...from...使……有别于……；把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself (as)(作为……而)出名；使自己出众 distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的；高贵的；受尊重的 be distinguished for...因……而出名 be distinguished as...作为……而出名 There are (vary) approaches to the center，where experts will try to make twins (distinguish). ( 考点 九 owe vt . 欠 ( 情 ) ，欠 ( 债 ) ；归功于；归因于 ) owe sb sth ＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物；把……归功于…… owe it to sb that.../to do...把……归功于某人 owe an apology to sb/owe sb an apology应向某人道歉 •owing to由于 I owed to the doctors that I survived such a severe accident. ( 考点 十 blame n ． 责任，责备，指责 vt . 责怪，指责，把 …… 归咎于 ) take/bear the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人 •blame sb for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义) I admit that it is I rather than you that should be blamed what has happened. 重点短语 1．dig up发现，搜集，查明 2．set sth aside把……放一边；留出 3．break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 4．make allowance for体谅；考虑到，估计到 5．familiarize oneself with让自己熟悉 6．be rooted in根源在于；植根于 7．distinguish...from...使……有别于…… 8．be representative of 是……的代表；是……的典型 9．be recognized as 被视为……，被认为是…… 10．be fascinated by 被……迷住；被……深深吸引 ( 考点 一 set sth. aside 把 …… 放一边 , 留出 , 不理会 ) set about sth. /doing sth. 　开始(某工作); 着手做某事 set sb. /sth. apart (from. . . ) 使某人/物(与……)分离 set sth. down 写下来 set off 出发, 引爆, 引起 set out 出发 set out to do sth. 开始做某事 set up 建立 Crystal set out (change) that, and helped to create a global movement. ( 考点 二 break with sth. 与某事终止关联 , 破除 ) break with sb. 　 与某人绝交 break out (战争、火灾、瘟疫等)爆发 break up 打碎, 分开; (关系)破裂, 分手 break through (取得)突破, 冲破 break down 发生故障, 失败 break into 闯入 break in 打断, 闯入 【易混辨析】break into 和break in都表示“闯入”, 前者是及物动词短语, 可以带宾语, 可用于被动语态。后者是不及物动词短语, 不能带宾语, 也不能用于被动语态。 Scientists hope to break soon in their fight against heart disease. 重点句型 1．Second，approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape.(as if 引导方式状语从句) 第二，走进诗歌，就像你是一个置身于陌生风景中的探索者。 2．Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do) 相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。 3．As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning，it will have been worth your effort.(as long as 引导条件状语从句) 只要读诗之旅能让你有所感触，或使你领悟到另一层含义，那你的努力就是值得的。 4．It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.(It＋be＋过去分词＋that...) 人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。 5．Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.(过去分词短语作状语) 在强烈的探险欲和游历欲的驱使下，李白二十几岁便离家去周游。 ( 考点 一 主语 ＋ be ＋ adj . ＋ to do ) （教材原句）Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。 本句中含有句型“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”。 •特点：不定式用主动形式表示被动意义 •使用条件：使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：①不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；②常用形容词有：difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。 像大多数的重大问题一样，这个问题很容易问，但很难回答。（主语+be+形容词+to do） Like most great questions, this one . ( 考点 二 A s long as 引导时间状语从句 ) （教材原句）As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will have been worth your effort.  只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟, 或者让你发现另一层含义, 你的努力就是值得的。 (1)本句是复合句。句中As long as引导条件状语从句。as long as=so long as表示“只要”, 从句中常用一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时。 (2)从句中有两个使役动词makes和lets, 此处是make/let+宾语+省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 我同意你的意见，只要你有信心成功。（confident） I agree with you, as long as . 单元语法 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们的基本形式的变化如下: 基本形式的变化(以do为例) 形式 一般时 进行时 完成时 动词不定式 to do/ to be done to be doing to have done/to have been done 动词-ing形式 doing/being done - having done/ having been done 动词-ed形式 done - - 　　非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。见下表。 形式 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ing形式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动词-ed形式 - - √ √ √ √ ( 考点 一 非谓语动词作主语 : 动词不定式与动词 -ing 形式 ) 1. 动词不定式和动词-ing形式都可以在句中用作主语。不定式作主语时常用形式主语it代替, 不定式置于句末。 To skate on the frozen river is what I’d like to do after school today.今天放学后我想去结冰的河上滑冰。 It is important for us to learn English very well. 对我们来说学好英语是重要的。 2. 动词-ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替, 动词-ing形式置于句末。这时常用于以下句型: it is no good/use doing sth. , it is a waste of time doing sth. , it is worthwhile doing sth. 。 【名师点津】动词-ing形式作主语时, 有时其前面要加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格, 表明动作的发出者。 1．It is highly important (bridge) the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet. 2．However, (earn) a living is by no means the only reason why we work. ( 考点 二 非谓语动词作宾语：动词不定式与动词-ing形式 ) 1. 在afford, agree, arrange, choose, claim, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等动词后, 常接动词不定式作宾语。 He managed to pass the exam but I failed to finish my task. 他成功地通过了考试, 但是我没有完成我的任务。 2. 在advise, admit, avoid, consider(考虑), deny, enjoy, finish, practise, suggest等动词以及burst out, give up, insist on, keep on, put off等短语后, 常接动词-ing形式作宾语。 *He admitted having no capability to solve the complex problem. 他承认没有能力解决这个复杂的问题。 3. 在like, love, begin, start等动词后, 既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语, 但二者区别不大, 常可以交换使用。 *I like singing. =I like to sing. 我喜欢唱歌。 4. 在remember, forget, regret, try, mean等动词后, 既可以接动词不定式作宾语, 也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语, 但二者意义不同。 remember, forget to do(动作未做) doing(已做) regret to do(遗憾要做) doing(后悔做过) try to do(尽力去做) doing(尝试做) mean to do(打算做) doing(意味着做……) go on to do(接下来做另外一件事) doing(继续做原来的事情) can’t help (to) do(不能帮助做) doing(禁不住做) I remember reading the story somewhere before. 我记得以前在什么地方读过这个故事。 Please remember to turn off the lights when you leave the office. 当你离开办公室时, 请记得关灯。 5. 介词后一般只接动词-ing形式作宾语。 I’m proud of being a Chinese. 我为自己是一个中国人而自豪。 Please forgive me for not telling you the news in time. 请原谅我没有及时告诉你这个消息。 【名师点津】want, need, require等动词后, 常用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动的意思, 动词-ing形式可以换成动词不定式的被动式。例如: *My hair needs cutting. = My hair needs to be cut. 我的头发需要剪了。 接动词-ing形式作宾语的口诀 建议抵制享受(suggest/ advise; resist; enjoy) 考虑承认冒险(consider; admit; risk) 避免推迟实践(avoid; delay/put off; practice) 期待成功完成(look forward to; succeed in; finish) 接动词不定式作宾语的口诀 同意提出做计划(agree; offer; plan) 要求答应来帮忙(demand/ ask; promise; help) 决定准备遭拒绝(decide; prepare; refuse) 敢于选择有希望(dare; choose; wish/ hope/ expect) 不能做到莫假装(fail; pretend) 设法做成决心坚(manage; determine) 表明动作的发出者。 1.After the divorce she resolved never (marry) again. 2.My sister had to continue her homework after (complain) to my parents about the noisy neighborhood. ( 考点 三 非谓语动词作表语：动词不定式，动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式 ) 1. 动词不定式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语所指的内容, 动词不定式可以带逻辑主语。动词不定式作表语时, 如果前面有实义动词do的形式, to可以省略。 *His ideal is to become an astronaut in the future. 词汇复现 他的理想是将来成为一名宇航员。 *My hope is for all members to come together. 我希望所有人都来。 *All I did was (to) give him a helping hand. 我所做的就是帮助他。 2. 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式可以在句中用作表语, 说明主语的特征或者状态, 动词-ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 *The film was so moving that he was moved to tears. 这部电影如此感人, 以至于他感动得流泪了。 *My job is taking care of the elderly in the nursing home. 我的工作是在养老院照顾老人。 1．People whose interest is (explore) the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum. 2．He remained (stand) beside the door. ( 考点 四 非谓语动词作定语：动词不定式，动词 -ing 形式与动词-ed形式 ) 动词不定式作定语常表示将要发生的事; 动词-ing形式作定语常表示正在发生的事, 与被修饰词之间是主动关系; 动词-ed形式作定语常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义, 与被修饰词之间是被动关系。 I have a meeting to attend tomorrow. 明天我有一个会议要参加。 The man being rewarded is my next-door neighbour. 正在受奖的那个人是我的隔壁邻居。 The animal introduced to the island caused damage to the local ecosystem. 引进到这个岛上的动物对当地的生态系统造成了破坏。 【温馨提示】 (1)当名词前面有序数词或形容词最高级以及only, last, next等修饰时, 后面常用不定式作定语。 (2)下面的名词后面接动词不定式作定语 ability, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right(权利)等。 (3)动词不定式中的动词若是不及物动词, 而不定式与其修饰的名词之间有动宾关系, 这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。 1．Some plants have the capacity (communicate) with each other by releasing chemical signals when under attack. 2．The (license) process involves legal contracts between parties. ( 考点 五 非谓语动词作状语：动词不定式，动词 -ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 ) 1. 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果, 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、伴随等意义。 I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. 为了不摔倒, 我在冰上慢慢地走。 (表目的) They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头砸了自己的脚。 (表结果) He sat in a chair, reading a novel. 他坐在椅子上读一本小说。 (表伴随) 2. 作状语时, 动词-ing形式具有主动意义, 与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系; 动词-ed形式具有被动意义, 与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系。 Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work. (主语I和be short of money之间是主动关系)因为缺钱, 我决定申请这份工作。 Bitten by a dog, Allen was rushed to the hospital. (主语Allen和bite之间是被动关系)艾伦被狗咬了, 被火速送到医院。 3. 动词-ing形式作状语可用完成式, 表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having read all the papers, he answered the questions fluently. 他读完所有试卷之后, 流利地回答了问题。 4. 动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式作状语时, 有时前面可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, until等连词, 相当于状语从句的省略。 Unless invited (=Unless I’m invited), I won’t attend his birthday party. 除非受到邀请, 否则我不会参加他的生日聚会。 When walking out of the meeting room(= When they were walking out of the meeting room), all the people were talking about the decision made just now. 人们走出会议室时都在谈论刚才做出的决定。 1．Everyone was silent, (wait) to see who would be asked to read the passage. 2． (permit) enough time, we can complete the task with higher quality. ( 考点 六 非谓语动词作补 语：动词不定式，动词 -ing 形式与动词-ed 形式 ) 1. 在expect, forbid, force, order, permit, request, warn等动词后, 常接“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构, 动词不定式作补语。 He warned us to be careful. 他警告我们要小心。 2. see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后的补语。 (1)接不带to的动词不定式作补语, 表示动作的整个过程; (2)接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系; (3)接动词的-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。 I saw him cross the street and enter a shop. 我看见他穿过马路然后进了一家商店。 I saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正在过马路。 3. 在使役动词have, let, make后用省略to的动词不定式作补语。have, make后面还可以用动词-ed形式作补语常表示被动意义, 与宾语之间是被动关系。have可以接动词-ing形式作补语, 表示动作正在进行, 与宾语之间是主动关系。 The policeman let the suspect tell the truth. 警察让嫌疑犯如实交代。 He raised his voice to make himself heard. 为了让其他人听到他的声音, 他提高了嗓门。 4. catch/spot+宾语+动词-ing形式表示“发现……正在做” I caught/spotted them stealing my apples. 我发现他们正在偷我的苹果。 5. keep/find+宾语+动词-ing形式/动词-ed形式 Sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 很抱歉, 让你久等了。 Please keep me informed of your latest information. 请让我了解你的最新情况。 6. “with/without + 名词/代词 +非谓语动词作补语”的复合结构 He didn’t fall asleep with the noise going on. 有噪音他睡不着。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门(在房里)工作。 【名师点津】 动词不定式作补语易错提醒 三使、一感觉、两听、五看、半帮助(have, make, let, feel, hear, listen to, watch, see, look at, observe, notice, help)等动词在主动语态中, 后面作补语的动词不定式不可带to, 但是被动语态必须加上to。 I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition. 老师经常让我重写作文。 She was seen to help an injured old man near the bank. 有人看见她在银行附近帮助了一位受伤的老人。 1．I’ll have the technical issues (figure) out by tomorrow morning. 2．With the unemployment rapidly (approach) to one million mark, the government is under great pressure to create more job opportunities. 难点一： freeze 1．The poor girl was found dead in the (freeze) cold night. 2．The (freeze) lake reflects the clear sky, making for a beautiful photograph. 3．In this cold weather, many things were .(freeze) 难点二： grasp 1．He wondered whether his friends (grasp)that he had done his best. 2．It is not difficult (grasp) a foreign language if you spend time and effort on it. 3．The student pretends （grasp）what the teacher said just now. 难点三： patient 1．After a long time of waiting, the customers became (patient). 2．I wouldn’t have the (patient) to sit mending watches all day. 难点三： reward 1．You deserve a reward being so helpful. The players deserve a pat on the back. 2．May I give you a reward your helping with my English? 3．He find it both challenging and rewarding (accompany) children in many aspects. 难点四： advocate 1．The famous school advocated (get) up early to read English. 1．You can claim your money if the goods are damaged. 2．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. 难点六：句型 1．如果这很难理解，那就让我们像冰箱后面的芝麻菜一样简单吧。[主语+ be+形容词(+ for sb.)+ to do结构] If , let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. 2．格罗斯先生意识到他面前的这个任务短时间内是难以完成的。(主语＋be＋形容词＋to do) Mr. Gross realised the task before him in such a short time. 3．这个问题太棘手了，这位研究员很难在短时间内解决。(主语+be+形容词+for sb. to do) The tough problem . 4．只要我们每个人都能为保护环境做出贡献，世界将变得更适合居住。（as long as） , the world will become a much more habitable place. 5．I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me.(同义词替换) →I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, my dad went with me. · 提升专练 一．单句语法填空 1．The two reports presented (contradict) findings, leaving us confused about the true situation. 2．A note of criticism can (detect) from his remarks. 3．In (real), nothing can break down the deep misunderstanding between us . 4．When you finally make your great discovery, your efforts (reward). 5．Even as a young man, he (perceive) as a future chief executive since last year. 6．Many workmates consider the manager’s idea to be of (logical) and construction. 7．Cultivating a plant in space is just one part of a (complex)and larger effort. 8．In (real), different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency greatly. 9．They will make life’s journey much more rich and (reward), not to mention fun. 10．The entrance is in (constantly) use. 11．He is a greedy and (grasp) man. 12．His (remote) made her feel unloved. 13．It is a (represent) of ink wash animation films. 14．They flew in over the beach, (cast) a huge shadow. 15．The poem (entitle) “The Road Not Taken” is considered one of Robert Frost’s most popular works. 16．The twins were so much alike that I have difficulty (distinguish) one from the other. 17．Proposed in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative will definitely be a (glory) chapter in our country’s history. 18．Peace and (stable) in the world need the active involvement of every country. 19．When I reached the village, I found its surroundings difficult (tolerate). 20．I think we owe it to our future generations (protect) the environment. 21．The girl’s eye make-up was very (strike). 二．完成句子 1．While it is easy to when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to when students are troubled. 尽管学生们何时对讲课感兴趣，何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难的多。 2．They stared back, as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 3．I’m far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place with no roads or towns. 我身处瑞典北端偏远的萨勒克国家公园，一个既没有公路也没有城镇的地方。 4．我很乐意带你参观北京，以回报你的慷慨相助。 I’m more than delighted to show you around Beijing you for your generous help. 5．What I believe is ． 我相信天道酬勤。 6．我抑制不住内心的喜悦，蹦蹦跳跳地进了家门。 I couldn’t and jumped into the house. 7．这篇散文是一般中学生不能理解的。 This essay is an average high school student. 8．虽然我很忙，我每天留出一个小时内锻炼。 Busy as I am, I an hour every day for exercise. 9．经过数周的努力，历史学家们已经挖掘出了证据，帮助解开这个百年之谜。 With weeks of efforts, the historians have evidence to help solve the century-old mystery. 10．大学生在毕业后想找一个好工作时，不应该追求超出他们能力以外的目标。 College students shouldn’t try to pursue what is when they choose to find a job after graduation. 11．There were two theories. Snow the second one. 那时有两种相互矛盾的理论。斯诺同意第二个理论。 12．尽管容易觉察学生什么时候无聊，什么时候分心，但要分辨学生何时有困扰却难得多。 it is easy to when students are bored or distracted, is much harder to when they are troubled. 13．在现代，人们虽然过着舒适的生活，但必须学会忍受各种压力。 In modern times, people have to learn to although they are leading a comfortable life. 14．无论遇到什么困难，他从未放弃追求梦想，这使他有可能被理想的大学录取。 (分词作状语) , he never gave up pursuing his dream, for him to be admitted to his ideal university. 15．同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。 Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings which the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. 16．In France, may interpret it as . 在法国, 看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。 17．这些图片是水墨动画电影的代表。你看过这些电影吗? (representative) These pictures ink wash animation films. Have you seen any of them before? 18．我们要学会明辨是非，这很重要。 It is important that we learn to . 19．这首早期的诗歌在表达方式上具有引人注目的想象力,如“恐惊天上人”,它已经显示出一种浪漫主义风格的迹象,这成为后来李白诗歌的特色。 With striking imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”, this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, . 20． in our life, we should try our best to overcome them. 无论我们在生活中会遇到什么困难，我们都应该尽力克服它们。 三．句型转换 1．It is so hot outside at this summer noon time. The farmers are still weeding in the fields.（用as引导的倒装句改写） _________________________________________________________________________ 2．He constantly laughs at others. （同义句转换） = .(表示厌烦) 3．Read English words aloud for 20 minutes every day.（祈使句的强调形式） → 4．Take part, and you will benefit a lot.（if从句） → 5．They are wet all over and their sweat is frequently falling into the soil. The crops grow there.（用with的复合结构和where 引导的定语从句改写） _________________________________________________________________________ 6．I think it’s very important for the young generation today to understand the poem and treasure every grain.（用“it is of＋抽象名词＋主语从句”结构改写） _________________________________________________________________________ 7．You owe 100 Yuan to me. This is the fact. (用名词性从句合并)(英译汉) _________________________________________________________________________ 8．We dared not tell him that he had failed again this time. (同义句转换) We him that he had failed again this time. 9．Does she dare to walk home alone at night? (同义句转换) home alone at night? 10．I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer. （同义句转换） →I’m not going to their smoking any longer. 四．完形填空 When Linda Newbery was eight, she knew she wanted to become a writer.  “I wrote a lot — usually in secret 1 people told me at school that writing wasn't a proper job,” she recalls.  “I was motivated by the books I 2 , like a simplified version of Black Beauty which I could almost recite.” This sets the tone for Linda's lifelong theme of animal 3 , which is central to her work. For instance, her recent book Cruelty Free, published in 2021, explores how our daily choices 4 animals and the environment. “I once aimed to be a poet,”  says Linda, admitting her 5 attempts were less than impressive. “It's strange that although I write my prose (散文) 6 on the computer, I still prefer using traditional pen and paper for poetry.” Originating from Essex, Linda attended grammar school before earning an English degree and 7 settling as a secondary school teacher in Oxfordshire. Her first novel Run with the Hare, released in 1988 without the aid of an agent, was 8 by her experiences teaching and running writing workshops for 9 . Despite facing numerous industry 10 , including takeovers (收购) and lost publications, Linda remains positive, 11 for a consistent writing practice to maintain creative drive even while dealing with other tasks. Linda 12 her writing style to suit each story's needs, always considering readers' perspective. As a long-time passionate advocate for animal welfare, she uses social media to 13 animal protection. Alongside fellow authors, she runs Reviews by Writers, a website discussing literature and industry topics, 14 Linda's adaptable storytelling approach and her devotion to 15 readers. 1．A．until B．before C．because D．though 2．A．read B．wrote C．published D．illustrated 3．A．diversity B．intelligence C．welfare D．behavior 4．A．reflect B．affect C．benefit D．interest 5．A．frequent B．ultimate C．recent D．early 6．A．directly B．briefly C．urgently D．perfectly 7．A．accidentally B．eventually C．immediately D．gradually 8．A．shaped B．inspired C．guided D．improved 9．A．agents B．poets C．writers D．students 10．A．trends B．opportunities C．challenges D．innovations 11．A．advocating B．begging C．answering D．waiting 12．A．keeps B．tailors C．mirrors D．simplifies 13．A．hold back B．slow down C．defend against D．campaign for 14．A．showing B．determining C．imagining D．expecting 15．A．worrying about B．turning to C．connecting with D．depending on 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$