Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction定语从句讲义 2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

专题 定语从句 考向探究&真题试做 1. [2024·新课标I卷]The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of path retracing the steps along the Silk Road which brought the plants from ... 2. Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念)Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Aisa” 3. [2023·北京卷]Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, where thousands were attending a water conference. 4. [2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 5. [2022·新高考卷]I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. 6. [2022·新高考卷]David had a brain disease which/that prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. 命题分析 定语从句是近几年高考的考查热点,主要考查: 1.限制性定语从句中关系代词that、which、who、as以及关系副词when、where、why的正确使用; 2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词或关系代词的选用； 3.非限制性定语从句中常见的关系词which、who和where的正确使用。 4.whose在定语从句中作定语的情况。 考点精讲 考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who、whom、whose引导的定语从句 （1）who或whom均可指代人,who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语,whom在从句中只作宾语,两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略，但跟在介词后面作宾语时，关系代词不可省略。 I've become good friends with several of the students in my school （who/whom/that） I met in the English speech contest last year. 去年，我与几个在英语演讲比赛中结识的学生成了好朋友。 Part-time workers, the majority of whom are women, are doubly disadvantaged.兼职工作者多数为女性，处于双重的不利条件下。（此处，为多数学生易错点；在语法填空中，会误填成the majority of them） （2）whose表示所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。其指物时相当于of which,指人时相当于of whom。 （2022·全国乙卷）So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose（=of whom） shoes were held together with string was a surprise. 因此，对他们来说，搬到科罗拉多州的埃尔克海德去指导那些用绳子把鞋子绑在一起的孩子们是一件令人惊讶的事。 2.that、which引导的定语从句 （1）which指物,常在从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物,常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。 （2）限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that而不用which的情况: ①先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little、few、the one等时。 ②先行词为形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 ③先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.我拒绝为别人的错误承担责任。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 （3）关系代词只用which而不用that的情况: ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他的父母很担心。 which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句整句话的内容时，只能位于主句之后。 He kept lying to me, which annoyed me greatly. 他总是对我说谎,这使我很恼火。 ②关系代词前有介词时。 （2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? 那么，为什么他突然强迫我做一些我肯定会失败的事情呢？ ③句子中已经有that引导的从句时，为了避免重复，另外一个用which。 3.as引导的定语从句 （1）as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“such/the same+先行词+as...”结构中。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的这种机器就是中国制造的。 （2）as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的表达有as the saying goes、as is said above、as is mentioned above、as often happens、as is often the case、as is reported in the newspaper、as is expected等。 as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 关系词 位置不同 表意不同 as 可放在主句之前、之中或之后 意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多用see、 know、expect、say、mention、report等 which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事” As you can see, he did rather better by himself than I did. 如你所见，他自己做得比我做得还要好。 Tom was late for school this morning, which was unexpected. 汤姆今天迟到了，这让人觉得意外。 单句填空对点集训 1. [2023·云南昆明一中模拟]You may sometimes notice athletes with purple circles on their skin from cupping. Or maybe you know someone who/that swears by acupuncture （针灸） for their back pain. 2. [2023·山西部分重点中学联考]The 65-year-old painter from Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, has been using ink and brush for more than 40 years to record the beauty of the arterial（干线的） waterway, the hospitality of local residents and the richness of culture that/which flows all the way. 3. [2023·广东广州天河区模拟]When they say this, they mean that they have already got everything that is needed and don't need anything else. 4. [2023·福建漳州模拟]The traditional process of making Xuan paper by hand is extremely time-consuming and demanding, which consists of more than 100 steps including collecting, leavening （发酵）, whitening, screening, and sunning. 5. [2023·湖北华中师范大学附中模拟]The ruins, whose core area covers 14.3 square kilometers in the northwest of Hangzhou, are considered as important representation of early urban civilization, with rice-growing agriculture as the economic foundation. 6. [2023·辽宁名校联盟模拟]Chen and Peng pass the skills on to their followers, some of whom work in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces as professional mask carvers. 7. As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. 考点2 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.where引导的定语从句 where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+which”。 当先行词为situation、case、stage、point、activity、atmosphere等抽象名词,且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时,常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 （2023·全国甲卷）They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience. 在这些情况下，我们都需要多一点耐心。 2.when引导的定语从句 when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。 It might be the time when（=during which） you helped a friend with their homework...这可能是你帮助朋友做家庭作业的时候…… 3.why引导的定语从句 why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于“for+which”。 （2023·北京卷）Rankings, however, are only one reason why（=for which） a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. 然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。 在非限制性定语从句中,用for which表示原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我把我没有去开会的原因告诉了他们。 考点3 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.介词和关系代词的确定 若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。 （2021·浙江1月卷）Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.黑猩猩会检查自己是否得到了想要与之交流的动物的关注。 一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三个方面入手: ①依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I had saved.我买了很多书，花光了我所有的积蓄。 ②依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。 ③根据所表达的意思来确定 I was impressed by her persistence in her work and scientific research, without which she couldn't have made such remarkable achievements.她对工作和科学研究的坚持给我留下了深刻的印象，没有这种坚持，她不可能取得如此卓越的成就。 2.“of +关系代词”引导的定语从句 在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系时，可以用of which/whom。 （2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.此外，园艺工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 思维导图 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$