衔接点07：分词（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

衔接点07 分词（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 识别分词的基本形式，现在分词是在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括规则动词的-ed形式和不规则动词的特殊形式。 理解现在分词可以作为形容词、名词或副词使用。理解过去分词通常用作形容词或与助动词一起构成被动语态和完成时态。 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解分词的语法功能和变化规则，包括不规则动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。在复合句中使用分词进行更复杂的修饰，如使用分词作定语、状语、补语等。现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，现在分词和过去分词作为非谓语动词在句子中的功能及其区别。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中分词考点聚焦】 现在分词和过去分词在句子中可以作为定语、表语、状语等成分。掌握一些固定短语或搭配中分词的使用，如“see sb. doing”（看见某人正做某事）。 1．When Mary saw a policeman________, she shouted at him for help. A．coming B．comes C．is coming D．has come 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当玛丽看到一名警察走过来时，她大声地向他求救。 考查非谓语动词。coming到来，动名词，现在分词；comes一般现在时单三形式；is coming现在进行时；has come现在完成时。根据“she shouted at him for help.”可知，Mary当时呼救，说明看到警察正走过来，see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”，符合语境。故选A。 2．With the help of your computer, you can read about famous people from history, and even listen to them ________. A．spoken B．to speak C．speaking D．speaks 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在电脑的帮助下，你可以阅读历史上的名人，甚至听他们说话。 考查非谓语动词。speak“说话”，listen to sb doing sth“听见某人正在做某事”，故选C。 3．We were surprised to find a cat ________ by the door. A．lie B．lay C．lying D．lain 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们惊奇地发现一只猫躺在门边。 考查非谓语动词。find sb. doing sth.“发现某人正在做某事”，故此处应填lying，强调动作正在进行。故选C。 4．When I walked past the music room, I heard someone ________ the piano in it. A．to play B．played C．playing D．play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我走过音乐教室时，我听到有人在里面弹钢琴。 考查非谓语动词。hear sb do sth“听见某人经常做某事”；hear sb doing sth“听见某人正在做某事”。根据“When I walked past the music room, I heard someone...the piano in it.”可知，路过的时候听到有人正在弹钢琴，故选C。 5．The computer is broken again. I get it __________ yesterday. A．repairs B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：电脑又坏了。我昨天修了一下。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I get it”可知，it指代the computer，与repair之间是动宾关系，因此用过去分词repaired表示被动。故选D。 6．_______ by the brilliance of his speech, Mary determined to practice speaking English every morning. A．Impressing B．Be impressed C．Having impressed D．Impressed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：玛丽被他的精彩演讲所打动，决心每天早上练习说英语。 考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语动词determined，此处用非谓语，排除B；且句子主语Mary和impress“使印象深刻”是被动关系，故此处用过去分词作状语。故选D。 7．The scientist spent three days ________ in the study, thinking about the problem. A．locking B．locked C．to lock D．locks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个科学家花费三天的时间在书房里，考虑这个问题。 考查过去分词用法。locking为现在分词；locked为过去分词；to lock为动词不定式；locks为单三形式。“locked in the study”作后置定语，修饰“three days”，指三天时间是被关在书房里。故选B。 8．Please play with her and don’t let her feel _________. A．leave out B．leaving out C．to leave out D．left out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：请和她一起玩，不要让她觉得被冷落了。 考查非谓语动词。feel left out“觉得被冷落”，此处使用过去分词短语作表语，故选D。 9．There are more than 3,000 languages ________ in the world. A．speak B．spoke C．speaking D．spoken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：世界上有3000多种语言。 考查非谓语。此空为过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词。故选D。 10．My washing machine broke down while I was washing clothes just now. I will get it ________ right away. A．repair B．to repair C．repaired D．repairing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：刚才我在洗衣服的时候，洗衣机坏了。我马上去修理。 考查非谓语动词。it指代前文的washing machine，与动词repair是被动关系，所以用get sth done表示“使某物被……”，过去分词作宾补，故选C。 【高中分词考点聚焦】 课标解读 现在分词和过去分词在复杂句型中的使用，如分词短语作状语、定语、补语等。 现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，包括进行时、完成时、被动语态等。 在翻译及写作中恰当地使用现在分词和过去分词来增加句子的复杂性和表达的丰富性。 考点清单 一、分词的分类及形式 1. 现在分词的形式： 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 2、过去分词的形式：（done） 　过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： 　　A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外）。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词的用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： 　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?） 　　预定的座位在哪里？ 　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 　　 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined. 　　有许多学生在等待检查。 　　This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners. 　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： 　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 　　The newly-built building is our office building. 　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： 　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 　　秋天有许多落叶。 　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。 比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其过去分词修饰人。 a surprising result一个惊人的结果 surprised girls吃惊的姑娘们 tiring music烦人的音乐 a tired man一个疲倦的人 When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the excited people shouted loudly and cheered.当他们听到这一激动人心的消息时，他们变得激动起来。然后这些激动的人们大声地叫喊、欢呼。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如： 　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen. 　　当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） 　　We want this work finished quickly. 　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。 2）在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： 　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard. 　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 　　When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 3. 分词作状语 1）分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语） 　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not be able to work well. 　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语） 　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.） 　　他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语） (1)、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。 　　多数情形下，分词动作发生于谓语动作之前，有时候分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。 　　e.g. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（分词动作发生于谓语动作之前） 　　Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.(分词动作和谓语动作同时发生) (2)、表示原因，分词短语可置于句首或句末，有时还可以置于主谓之间。 　　e.g. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (3)、表示条件，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (4)、表示让步，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well. (5)、表结果，一般只放在句末。 　　e.g. I went home, finding the door locked (6)、表伴随状况，补充说明或方式，分词短语置于句首或句末均可。 　　e.g. He came running breathless and told me the results. 2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when， while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： 　　Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed. 　　如果你努力，你会成功的。 　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer. 虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。 4. 分词的独立结构 1）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： 　　The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave. 　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 　　He being absent, nothing could be done. 　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 　　They sat there silently,（with） their eyes fixed on the lake. 　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 　　With him helping me, I felt lucky. 　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。 拓展1： 过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。 例1：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon. 例2： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. be+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于系表结构的过去分词有： astonished感到吃惊的 educated受过教育的 excited兴奋的 fallen落下的 frightened受惊的 gone过去的，消失的 interested感兴趣的 known著名的 learned有学问的 mistaken误解的，弄错的 retired退休的 returned已归来的 risen升起来的 upset心烦的 My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。 It’s not my fault.You are mistaken.这不是我的过错，你误会了。 拓展2： 部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语 be absorbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lost in 迷失在……中 be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在…… be occupied in 忙碌于…… be located/situated in 坐落在…… be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be loaded/burdened with 担负着…… be faced with 面临着…… be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做某事 be devoted/committed to doing 致力于做某事 be addicted to doing 对……上瘾 例：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in. 1、 语法单句填空（注意分词用法） 1．The new smartphone model, (feature) an advanced camera system and a high-capacity battery, has received positive reviews. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】featuring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这款新型智能手机具有先进的摄像头系统和大容量电池，获得了积极的评价。本句已有谓语动词has received，空处需用非谓语动词形式；动词feature与逻辑主语model之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词featuring，作后置定语。故填featuring。 2． (devote) yourself to your study, you will surely have a good academic performance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Devoting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你全身心投入学习，你肯定会有良好的学业表现。“_____ yourself to your study”作条件状语，devote (致力于，全身心投入)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“you”之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Devoting。 3． (absorb) myself in preparing for the coming examination, I barely had the time for social activities last weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Absorbing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上个周末，我全神贯注地准备即将到来的考试，几乎没有时间参加社交活动。I与absorb为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Absorbing。 4．The boy (sit) under the Christmas tree was delighted. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sitting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在圣诞树下的男孩很高兴。句中已有was，空处作非谓语动词，sit与逻辑主语boy之间是主动关系，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰boy。故填sitting。 5．The famous professor went onto the stage, sat down and opened his notebook, (prepare) to answer the students’ questions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】preparing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位著名的教授走上舞台，坐下来，打开笔记本，准备回答学生们的问题。句中已有谓语动词“went”，“sat”和“opened”，空处应用非谓语动词，prepare和逻辑主语The famous professor之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，表示与谓语动词几乎同时发生的动作。故填preparing。 6． (wait) for a long time, he finally entered the lecture hall to listen to the speech. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Having waited 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：在等了很长时间之后，他终于走进了演讲厅去听演讲。空处为非谓语动词，wait发生在entered之前，且wait与主语he为主动关系，用现在分词完成式作状语。首字母大写。故填Having waited。 7．In our school library, you’re given a chance to read whatever books you like, (range) from literature and history to social life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ranging 【详解】查非谓语动词。句意：在我们学校的图书馆里，你有机会阅读任何你喜欢的书，这些书的范围从文学和历史到社会生活。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，books和range from…to…为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填ranging。 8．The route (lie) to the west of the village can lead to the seaside. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】lying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：位于村庄西边的那条路线可以通往海边。谓语动词为can lead to，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the route和lie为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填lying。 9．The rescue team (consist) of dozens of soldiers rescued several survivors from the ruins with local residents. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】consisting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由几十名士兵组成的救援队与当地居民一起从废墟中救出了几名幸存者。本句中rescued是谓语动词；所给动词consist 在句中作后置定语，修饰名词rescue team；动词短语consist of意为“由……组成的”，不使用被动形式，与所修饰名词为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填consisting。 10．Without an umbrella, she found herself (catch) in the rain. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】caught 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：没有带伞，她发现自己被困在了雨中。“find+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，herself和catch为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填caught。 11． (separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other countries in the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Separated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚与其他大陆分离了数百万年，这里有许多在世界上其他任何国家都没有的动植物。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，separate“把……隔开”和Australia逻辑上是被动关系，因此用separate的过去分词形式，作原因状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Separated。 12．Time, (use) correct, is the money in the bank so we should cherish every second. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】used 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：时间若被正确使用，便是银行里的钱，因此我们应珍惜每一秒。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，use“使用”和Time逻辑上是被动关系，因此用use的过去分词形式，作状语。故填used。 13． (influence) by his father, he fell in love with literature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Influenced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受父亲的影响，他爱上了文学。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，influence“影响”和he逻辑上是被动关系，因此用influence的过去分词形式，作原因状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Influenced。 14．The lecture (deliver) by the Nobel laureate last week has sparked a heated debate among students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】delivered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上周这位诺贝尔奖得主发表的演讲在学生中引发了激烈的争论。句中已有谓语动词has sparked，此处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词The lecture。由于The lecture与deliver之间是被动关系，即“演讲被发表”，且根据时间状语last week可知，这个动作已经发生，所以应使用过去分词形式。 故填delivered。 15．The latest survey, (conduct) by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers want to work as pilots. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】conducted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由这家外国公司进行的最新调查发现，超过12%的青少年希望成为飞行员。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词survey，动词conduct与名词survey之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词conducted作定语。故填conducted。 16． (inspire), he asked his fans to make video, which he then joined together into one performance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Inspired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到启发，他让粉丝们制作视频，然后将它们组合成一个表演。主句已有谓语asked，空处作非谓语动词，inspire与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系，即“他被启发”，应用过去分词inspired作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Inspired。 17．Clearly and thoughtfully (write), the book inspires confidence in students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书写得清晰且有思想，它激发了学生们的信心。句子已有谓语inspires，空处作非谓语动词，逻辑主语the book与write之间是被动关系，应用过去分词written作状语，表示“被写”。故填written。 18． (write) more than 200 years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这几行诗是沃尔特·斯科特在200多年前写的，至今仍是最著名的苏格兰诗歌节选之一。该空所给动词write在句中作状语，与逻辑主语these lines 为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Written。 19．I feel highly （honour） to be invited to give a lecture about advanced literature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】honoured 【解析】略 20．The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】absorbing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这出戏的情节如此吸引人，女孩被它吸引住了。分析句子结构，此处用非谓语动词形式。修饰前面主语，指物用动词现在分词形式，相当于形容词作表语，absorbing吸引人的，符合题意。故填absorbing。 2、 翻译下列句子（使用分词） 1. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。（fill） 2. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。(break) 3. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。(with) 4. 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。(except) 5. 任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责。(blame) 参考答案： 1. Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 2. He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 3. With the work done, they went out to play. 4. The amusement park completed last month is open to the public every day except on Mondays 5. Anyone dealing with a complicated problem may be blamed for not fully understanding the challenge. 一、语法填空 21．Lots of students (stand) outside of the office are waiting for their examination results. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多学生站在办公室外面等待考试结果。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰students，students和stand为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填standing。 22．These apps provide learning materials (range) from beginners to advanced levels. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些应用程序提供了从初学者到高级水平的学习材料。此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，range与逻辑主语materials是主动关系，所以用现在分词表主动，故填ranging。 23．Lost in thought, I found myself (walk) in the wrong direction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】walking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我陷入沉思，发现自己走错了方向。此处walk与myself构成主动且进行的关系，用现在分词作宾补。故填walking。 24．With summer (come), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】coming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着夏天的到来，天气变得越来越热。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，summer与come之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填coming。 25．When I passed by his office, I heard him (sing) a Chinese song. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】singing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我经过他的办公室时，我听到他在唱一首中文歌。根据When I passed by his office可知，我经过的时候听见他正在唱歌，hear sb. doing sth.表示“听见某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾补，表示正在进行的动作。故填singing。 26．Not (know) anyone, I sat alone in my seat for two hours.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】knowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不认识任何人，我独自在座位上坐了两个小时。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，I和know为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填knowing。 27．When (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the similarities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】comparing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当比较不同的文化时，我们经常只关注差异而没有注意到相似之处。compare与主语we之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式comparing作状语。故填comparing。 28．They stood there for an hour, (watch) the stars in the sky. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】watching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在那里站了一个小时，看着天上的星星。句子谓语为stood，watch在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语They构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填watching。 29． (finish) the letter, Mr.Green went to post it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having finished 【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：写完信后，格林先生去寄了它。句子主语Mr.Green与动词finish之间是主动关系，且“写信”动作发生在“去寄信”之前，需用现在分词的完成式（having done）作时间状语。首字母大写。故填Having finished。 30． (live) with the girl for 5 years, I know her very well. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Having lived 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：和这个女孩一起生活了5年，我非常了解她。句中已有谓语know，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，live和逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，且动作发生在谓语动词know之前，应用现在分词的完成式作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Having lived。 31．The bridge (build) at present will be beneficial to us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being built 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：目前正在建造的这座桥将对我们有益。空处需要非谓语动词的形式作后置定语。build和The bridge之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行的动作，所以用现在分词的被动形式作定语，结构为“being done”。故填being built。 32．Among those （invite） were some ladies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】invited 【解析】略 33．I’m talking about the girl (dress) up as a princess. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dressed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我正在谈论那个打扮成公主的女孩。句子已有am talking，空处作非谓语动词，be dressed up as 表示“打扮成”，此处去掉be动词，使用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词girl。故填dressed。 34．When you feel (panic), you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】panicked 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你感到恐慌时，你最好深呼吸，试着放松自己。空处用形容词作表语，表示“感到惊慌的”，故填panicked。 35．The students were (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in person. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】thrilled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们得知将有机会亲自见到一位著名科学家，感到非常激动。句中谓语动词为系动词were，空处应用非谓语动词作表语，thrill为动词，其过去分词转化而来的形容词为thrilled，意为“感到激动的”，表达学生们的心理状态，说明学生们处于激动的情绪之中。故填thrilled。 36．I want this question （discuss） at the meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】discussed 【解析】略 37．He was trying to make himself （understand）. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】understood 【解析】略 38．Tom, (absorb) in his thought, walked right past his friend. (所构成的适当形式填空) 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：汤姆沉浸在自己的思绪中，径直从他的朋友身边走过。be absorbed in，意为“专心于；全神贯注于”，说明主语所处的状态，省略be动词，作伴随状语，用过去分词形式，故填absorbed。 39． (absorb) in the music, dancers swayed gently under the starry night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：舞者们沉浸在音乐中，在星空下轻轻摇摆。句中已有谓语swayed，空处作非谓语动词，be absorbed in是固定短语，表示“专心于，沉浸于”，去掉be动词，使用过去分词形式作状语，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Absorbed。 40．She stood at the window, completely (absorb) in the breathtaking view of the sunset. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她站在窗前，完全沉浸在令人惊叹的日落美景中。空处是非谓语动词作状语，absorb与主句主语She之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填absorbed。 41．She just sat there quietly , (sink) in thought. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sunk 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她只是静静地坐在那里，陷入了沉思。根据句子结构可知，主句部分是“She just sat there quietly ”，括号中提示词“sink”的固定短语“be sunk in”意思是“陷入……之中”，逗号后面使用非谓语作状语。故填sunk。 42．Julie has no idea of what is happening outside, totally (engage) in reading a book. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】engaged 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：朱莉不知道外面发生了什么，她完全沉浸在读书中。空格处作状语，固定搭配be engaged in，意为“专注于”，作非谓语动词时应去掉be动词，用过去分词形式。故填engaged。 43．The fire spread quickly, (destroy) three houses within minutes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】destroying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大火迅速蔓延，几分钟内就烧毁了三栋房子。分析句子结构可知destroy在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语The fire构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填destroying。 44．Many volunteers stood by the roadside, (hand) out water to the marathon runners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】handing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多志愿者站在路边，向马拉松运动员分发水。句中已有谓语动词stood，且无连词，故空处需用非谓语动词作状语，结合语境可知，此处表示伴随状况，动词hand与其逻辑主语Many volunteers之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词handing作状语。故填handing。 45．They gather around the television to watch the Spring Gala, while (chat) with each other. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：他们围坐在电视机旁观看春晚，同时相互聊着天。分析句子可知，这里考查“while + 现在分词”结构在句中作状语。they与chat之间是逻辑主动关系，所以用chat的现在分词形式chatting。故填chatting。 46．He devoted himself entirely to his research, (make) him a great scientist. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】making 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他全身心地投入到研究中，这使他成为了一位伟大的科学家。句子已有谓语动词devoted，空处需填非谓语动词，作状语，此处用make“使得”的现在分词，作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making。 47． (practice) many times before the speech, he was confident to stand on stage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having practiced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在演讲前已经练习了很多次，他有信心站在舞台上。空白处在句子中作状语，应用非谓语动词。因与其逻辑主语he之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，应用现在分词的完成式。故填Having practiced。 48．The man, (stand) at the corner of the street, seems to be waiting for someone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：那个男人站在街角，似乎在等人。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，主语The man与stand为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填standing。 49． (live) with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】 Having lived 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：和那个女孩住了5年，我们都很了解她。空格处应该用非谓语动词作状语，动词live与句子的主语we之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词作状语；再由时间状语for 5 years可知，状语动作发生在主句之前，空格处应该用现在分词的完成式。故填Having；lived。 50． (lack) sufficient oxygen, the astronaut could not carry on with his mission. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】Lacking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于缺乏足够的氧气，宇航员不能继续他的任务。此处与主语the astronaut是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在动词，作原因状语，表主动，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Lacking。 二、完成句子 1．从孩子们的课堂表现来看，这节地理课极其成功。(judge) , this geography class is a great success. 【答案】Judging from the children’s classroom performance 【详解】考查固定搭配。空处在句中作状语，“从……来看”为judging from，为现在分词短语作状语，“孩子们的课堂表现”为the children’s classroom performance，所以“从孩子们的课堂表现来看”翻译为Judging from the children’s classroom performance，句首单词首字母大写，故填Judging from the children’s classroom performance。 2．因为没有收到他的回信,我决定再给他写一封信。 him, I decided to write again. 【答案】Not having heard from 【详解】考查现在分词作状语。分析可知，逗号前为句子的主语，主语I和hear from为主谓关系，且hear from的动作发生在谓语decide之前，所以空处用现在分词的完成式having heard from，结合汉语，表示否定，在having前加not，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Not having heard from。 3．失败了三次，他不想再试了。 , he didn’t want to try again. 【答案】Having failed three times 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处非谓语动词作状语，因动词fail意为“失败”和逻辑主语he为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，结合句意可知，此处为表示已经完成的动作，应用现在分词的完成式having done；表示“三次”为three times。故填Having failed three times。 4．Robots will do most of the housework, (省去人类很多麻烦). 【答案】saying humans a lot of trouble 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：机器人会做大部分的家务活，既省去了人类很多麻烦。此处考查固定短语save sb. sth.“使某人免于某事”，a lot of trouble“很多麻烦”，分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，表自然而然的结果，故用现在分词，故填saying humans a lot of trouble。 5．There is a sign on the gate （写着“禁止入内”）. 【答案】saying/reading "No Entry" 【详解】考查现在分词。句中sign和动词“写”是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。“禁止入内”是No Entry，故答案为saying/reading "No Entry"。 6．在两位护士的帮助下，老人挣扎着站了起来。 ,the old man struggled to his feet. 【答案】Helped by two nurses 【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，struggle是谓语动词，“帮助”是非谓语动词，“老人”和“帮助”是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Helped by two nurses。 7．坐落在那边的那栋房子建于2000年。 The house was built in 2000. 【答案】located over there 【详解】考查非谓语。结合汉语提示，空处的内容为“坐落在那边的”，短语：be located over there“位于那边”，句子已有谓语was built，所以空处在句中作后置定语，house与动词locate为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词短语，located over there，故填located over there。 8．Across the river were some of the deer （19世纪引进这个公园的）. 【答案】introduced into the park in the 19th century 【详解】考查过去分词。句中deer和动词“引进”是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故答案为introduced into the park in the 19th century。 9．这位老人受到很好的照顾，过着幸福的生活。 ,the old man is living a happy life. 【答案】Taken good care of 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。分析所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“受到很好的照顾”，应是“take good care of”，又本句已有谓语动词is，所以take应用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是the old man，两者间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，谓语句首，首字母需大写。故填Taken good care of。 10． (随着温度的升高), the leaves and grass began to appear. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】With the temperature rising 【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：句意：随着温度的升高，树叶和草开始出现。根据提示的汉语，表示“随着温度的升高”可以使用“with+宾语+宾补”结构，表示“温度”为the temperature作宾语，表示“升高”为rise与宾语之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式作宾补，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填With the temperature rising。 三、阅读理解 Some time ago, most people would have found it hard to imagine a world where you could send a small picture to someone and it would be a good way to respond. But today, emojis （表情符号）are everywhere in communication, and many people think they are a new form of language. The first emojis were made in 1999 by a Japanese artist. He was working for a mobile network company. The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched (发布) their mobile Internet system. Messages on the system were limited to 250 characters, so he thought emojis would be an expeditious way for people to communicate, which made online talks easy and quick. At that time, people were already using “emoticons” in their conversations. These are simple faces made using characters on a keyboard. For example, a colon and a right parenthesis — :) — make a basic smiley face. The artist took this idea and made it better by creating 176 black-and-white pixel images to show things like emotions, weather, and food. This set of emojis is now part of the permanent (永久的) collection at New York City’s Museum of Modern Art. The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters. The word emoji is a combination of two Japanese words: e which means picture, and moji which means character. The artist said he never thought emojis would become so popular around the world. But they did — and it happened quickly. Other companies in Japan started using emojis too, and by the mid-2000s, international companies began including them in their systems. In 2010, emojis were officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium, an organization that keeps text standards in software. This meant emojis could be used on any operating system. Today, the Unicode Consortium has approved (认可) over 3,700 emojis, showing different moods, animals, food, flags, and more. And just like any other language, emojis keep growing, with new ones added every year. 1．Why were the first emojis created? A．To replace emoticons. B．To create a new form of art. C．To compete with other companies. D．To promote a new mobile Internet system. 2．What does the underlined word “expeditious” in paragraph 2 closely refer to? A．virtual. B．thought-provoking. C．efficient. D．accessible. 3．What inspired the artist to create emojis? A．Modern art and technology. B．International travel experiences. C．Popular movies and television shows. D．Weather symbols and Chinese characters. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The Story Of Emojis. B．The Way To Use Emojis. C．The History Of Emoticons. D．The Story About A Japanese Artist. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了表情符号的起源、发展以及现状，说明了表情符号已经成为了一种新的语言形式，并且在全球范围内得到了广泛的应用和认可。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched (发布) their mobile Internet system.(公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。)”可知，第一个表情符号的创建是为了推广一种新的移动互联网系统。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Messages on the system were limited to 250 characters, so he thought emojis would be an expeditious way for people to communicate, which made online talks easy and quick.(系统上的信息限制在 250 个字符以内，所以他认为表情符号对人们来说会是一种____的交流方式，能让在线交流轻松又快速)”可知，结合 “easy and quick(轻松又快速)”判断出，“expeditious” 意思应为高效的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters.(这位艺术家说，他的灵感来自于天气预报中使用的符号和汉字。)”可知，激发了艺术家创作表情符号的灵感的是天气符号和汉字。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了表情符号（emojis）的起源、发展以及现状。文章从表情符号的初次出现，到其被广泛接受和应用，再到如今成为沟通中不可或缺的一部分，详细描绘了表情符号的“成长历程”。由此可知，选项A“表情符号的故事”能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 emoji n. 表情符号 launch v. 发布，推出 character n. 字符，文字 expeditious adj. 迅速的，高效的 permanent collection n. 永久收藏 长难句分析 原句：The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched their mobile Internet system. 译文：公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。 分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为 “The company asked him to create a set of emojis”，“to use when they launched their mobile Internet system” 为不定式短语作目的状语，其中 “when they launched their mobile Internet system” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句。 中文翻译 不久前，大多数人还很难想象这样一个世界：你可以给某人发送一张小图片，这将是一种很好的回应方式。但今天，表情符号在交流中无处不在，许多人认为它们是一种新的语言形式。 第一个表情符号是 1999 年由一位日本艺术家创作的。他当时在一家移动网络公司工作。公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。该系统上的信息限制在 250 个字符以内，所以他认为表情符号对人们来说会是一种高效的交流方式，能让在线交流轻松又快速。 当时，人们已经在对话中使用 “表情符号” 了。这些是用键盘上的字符组成的简单面孔。例如，冒号和右括号 ——:)—— 组成一个基本的笑脸。这位艺术家借鉴了这个想法，并通过创建 176 个黑白像素图像来表现情感、天气和食物等内容，使它变得更好。这组表情符号现在是纽约现代艺术博物馆永久收藏的一部分。 这位艺术家说，他的灵感来自于天气预报中使用的符号和汉字。“emoji” 这个词是两个日语单词的组合：“e” 的意思是 “图片”，“moji” 的意思是 “字符”。这位艺术家说，他从未想过表情符号会在全世界如此流行。 但它们确实如此 —— 而且发生得很快。日本的其他公司也开始使用表情符号，到 21 世纪中期，国际公司开始将它们纳入自己的系统。2010 年，表情符号被 Unicode 联盟正式认可，这是一个在软件中保持文本标准的组织。这意味着表情符号可以在任何操作系统上使用。 今天，Unicode 联盟已经认可了 3700 多个表情符号，展示了不同的情绪、动物、食物、旗帜等。就像任何其他语言一样，表情符号不断增长，每年都会增加新的表情符号。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点07 分词（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 识别分词的基本形式，现在分词是在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括规则动词的-ed形式和不规则动词的特殊形式。 理解现在分词可以作为形容词、名词或副词使用。理解过去分词通常用作形容词或与助动词一起构成被动语态和完成时态。 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解分词的语法功能和变化规则，包括不规则动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。在复合句中使用分词进行更复杂的修饰，如使用分词作定语、状语、补语等。现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，现在分词和过去分词作为非谓语动词在句子中的功能及其区别。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中分词考点聚焦】 现在分词和过去分词在句子中可以作为定语、表语、状语等成分。掌握一些固定短语或搭配中分词的使用，如“see sb. doing”（看见某人正做某事）。 1．When Mary saw a policeman________, she shouted at him for help. A．coming B．comes C．is coming D．has come 2．With the help of your computer, you can read about famous people from history, and even listen to them ________. A．spoken B．to speak C．speaking D．speaks 3．We were surprised to find a cat ________ by the door. A．lie B．lay C．lying D．lain 4．When I walked past the music room, I heard someone ________ the piano in it. A．to play B．played C．playing D．play 5．The computer is broken again. I get it __________ yesterday. A．repairs B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 6．_______ by the brilliance of his speech, Mary determined to practice speaking English every morning. A．Impressing B．Be impressed C．Having impressed D．Impressed 7．The scientist spent three days ________ in the study, thinking about the problem. A．locking B．locked C．to lock D．locks 8．Please play with her and don’t let her feel _________. A．leave out B．leaving out C．to leave out D．left out 9．There are more than 3,000 languages ________ in the world. A．speak B．spoke C．speaking D．spoken 10．My washing machine broke down while I was washing clothes just now. I will get it ________ right away. A．repair B．to repair C．repaired D．repairing 【高中分词考点聚焦】 课标解读 现在分词和过去分词在复杂句型中的使用，如分词短语作状语、定语、补语等。 现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，包括进行时、完成时、被动语态等。 在翻译及写作中恰当地使用现在分词和过去分词来增加句子的复杂性和表达的丰富性。 考点清单 一、分词的分类及形式 1. 现在分词的形式： 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 2、过去分词的形式：（done） 　过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： 　　A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外）。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词的用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： 　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?） 　　预定的座位在哪里？ 　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 　　 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined. 　　有许多学生在等待检查。 　　This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners. 　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： 　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 　　The newly-built building is our office building. 　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： 　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 　　秋天有许多落叶。 　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。 比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其过去分词修饰人。 a surprising result一个惊人的结果 surprised girls吃惊的姑娘们 tiring music烦人的音乐 a tired man一个疲倦的人 When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the people shouted loudly and cheered.当他们听到这一激动人心的消息时，他们变得激动起来。然后这些激动的人们大声地叫喊、欢呼。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如： 　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen. 　　当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） 　　We want this work finished quickly. 　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。 2）在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： 　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard. 　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 　　When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 3. 分词作状语 1）分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语） 　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not be able to work well. 　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语） 　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.） 　　他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语） (1)、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。 　　多数情形下，分词动作发生于谓语动作之前，有时候分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。 　　e.g. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（分词动作发生于谓语动作之前） 　　Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.(分词动作和谓语动作同时发生) (2)、表示原因，分词短语可置于句首或句末，有时还可以置于主谓之间。 　　e.g. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (3)、表示条件，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (4)、表示让步，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well. (5)、表结果，一般只放在句末。 　　e.g. I went home, finding the door locked (6)、表伴随状况，补充说明或方式，分词短语置于句首或句末均可。 　　e.g. He came running breathless and told me the results. 2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when， while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： 　　Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed. 　　如果你努力，你会成功的。 　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer. 虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。 4. 分词的独立结构 1）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： 　　The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave. 　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 　　He being absent, nothing could be done. 　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 　　They sat there silently,（with） their eyes fixed on the lake. 　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 　　With him helping me, I felt lucky. 　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。 拓展1： 过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。 例1：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon. 例2： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. be+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于系表结构的过去分词有： astonished感到吃惊的 educated受过教育的 excited兴奋的 fallen落下的 frightened受惊的 gone过去的，消失的 interested感兴趣的 known著名的 learned有学问的 mistaken误解的，弄错的 retired退休的 returned已归来的 risen升起来的 upset心烦的 My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。 It’s not my fault.You are mistaken.这不是我的过错，你误会了。 拓展2： 部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语 be absorbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lost in 迷失在……中 be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在…… be occupied in 忙碌于…… be located/situated in 坐落在…… be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be loaded/burdened with 担负着…… be faced with 面临着…… be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做某事 be devoted/committed to doing 致力于做某事 be addicted to doing 对……上瘾 例：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in. 1、 语法单句填空（注意分词用法） 1．The new smartphone model, (feature) an advanced camera system and a high-capacity battery, has received positive reviews. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2． (devote) yourself to your study, you will surely have a good academic performance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3． (absorb) myself in preparing for the coming examination, I barely had the time for social activities last weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The boy (sit) under the Christmas tree was delighted. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The famous professor went onto the stage, sat down and opened his notebook, (prepare) to answer the students’ questions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6． (wait) for a long time, he finally entered the lecture hall to listen to the speech. （所给词的适当形式填空） 7．In our school library, you’re given a chance to read whatever books you like, (range) from literature and history to social life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The route (lie) to the west of the village can lead to the seaside. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．The rescue team (consist) of dozens of soldiers rescued several survivors from the ruins with local residents. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．Without an umbrella, she found herself (catch) in the rain. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11． (separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other countries in the world. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Time, (use) correct, is the money in the bank so we should cherish every second. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13． (influence) by his father, he fell in love with literature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．The lecture (deliver) by the Nobel laureate last week has sparked a heated debate among students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The latest survey, (conduct) by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers want to work as pilots. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16． (inspire), he asked his fans to make video, which he then joined together into one performance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．Clearly and thoughtfully (write), the book inspires confidence in students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18． (write) more than 200 years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．I feel highly （honour） to be invited to give a lecture about advanced literature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2、 翻译下列句子（使用分词） 1. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。（fill） 2. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。(break) 3. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。(with) 4. 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。(except) 5. 任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责。(blame) 一、语法填空 21．Lots of students (stand) outside of the office are waiting for their examination results. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．These apps provide learning materials (range) from beginners to advanced levels. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．Lost in thought, I found myself (walk) in the wrong direction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．With summer (come), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．When I passed by his office, I heard him (sing) a Chinese song. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．Not (know) anyone, I sat alone in my seat for two hours.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 27．When (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the similarities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．They stood there for an hour, (watch) the stars in the sky. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29． (finish) the letter, Mr.Green went to post it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30． (live) with the girl for 5 years, I know her very well. （所给词的适当形式填空） 31．The bridge (build) at present will be beneficial to us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．Among those （invite） were some ladies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．I’m talking about the girl (dress) up as a princess. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34．When you feel (panic), you’d better take a deep breath and try to relax yourself.(所给词的适当形式填空) 35．The students were (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in person. (所给词的适当形式填空) 36．I want this question （discuss） at the meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37．He was trying to make himself （understand）. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38．Tom, (absorb) in his thought, walked right past his friend. (所构成的适当形式填空) 39． (absorb) in the music, dancers swayed gently under the starry night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．She stood at the window, completely (absorb) in the breathtaking view of the sunset. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41．She just sat there quietly , (sink) in thought. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42．Julie has no idea of what is happening outside, totally (engage) in reading a book. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．The fire spread quickly, (destroy) three houses within minutes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．Many volunteers stood by the roadside, (hand) out water to the marathon runners. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45．They gather around the television to watch the Spring Gala, while (chat) with each other. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46．He devoted himself entirely to his research, (make) him a great scientist. (所给词的适当形式填空) 47． (practice) many times before the speech, he was confident to stand on stage. (所给词的适当形式填空) 48．The man, (stand) at the corner of the street, seems to be waiting for someone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49． (live) with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well. （所给词的适当形式填空） 50． (lack) sufficient oxygen, the astronaut could not carry on with his mission. （所给词的适当形式填空） 二、完成句子 1．从孩子们的课堂表现来看，这节地理课极其成功。(judge) , this geography class is a great success. 2．因为没有收到他的回信,我决定再给他写一封信。 him, I decided to write again. 3．失败了三次，他不想再试了。 , he didn’t want to try again. 4．Robots will do most of the housework, (省去人类很多麻烦). 5．There is a sign on the gate （写着“禁止入内”）. 6．在两位护士的帮助下，老人挣扎着站了起来。 ,the old man struggled to his feet. 7．坐落在那边的那栋房子建于2000年。 The house was built in 2000. 8．Across the river were some of the deer （19世纪引进这个公园的）. 9．这位老人受到很好的照顾，过着幸福的生活。 ,the old man is living a happy life. 10． (随着温度的升高), the leaves and grass began to appear. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 三、阅读理解 Some time ago, most people would have found it hard to imagine a world where you could send a small picture to someone and it would be a good way to respond. But today, emojis （表情符号）are everywhere in communication, and many people think they are a new form of language. The first emojis were made in 1999 by a Japanese artist. He was working for a mobile network company. The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched (发布) their mobile Internet system. Messages on the system were limited to 250 characters, so he thought emojis would be an expeditious way for people to communicate, which made online talks easy and quick. At that time, people were already using “emoticons” in their conversations. These are simple faces made using characters on a keyboard. For example, a colon and a right parenthesis — :) — make a basic smiley face. The artist took this idea and made it better by creating 176 black-and-white pixel images to show things like emotions, weather, and food. This set of emojis is now part of the permanent (永久的) collection at New York City’s Museum of Modern Art. The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters. The word emoji is a combination of two Japanese words: e which means picture, and moji which means character. The artist said he never thought emojis would become so popular around the world. But they did — and it happened quickly. Other companies in Japan started using emojis too, and by the mid-2000s, international companies began including them in their systems. In 2010, emojis were officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium, an organization that keeps text standards in software. This meant emojis could be used on any operating system. Today, the Unicode Consortium has approved (认可) over 3,700 emojis, showing different moods, animals, food, flags, and more. And just like any other language, emojis keep growing, with new ones added every year. 1．Why were the first emojis created? A．To replace emoticons. B．To create a new form of art. C．To compete with other companies. D．To promote a new mobile Internet system. 2．What does the underlined word “expeditious” in paragraph 2 closely refer to? A．virtual. B．thought-provoking. C．efficient. D．accessible. 3．What inspired the artist to create emojis? A．Modern art and technology. B．International travel experiences. C．Popular movies and television shows. D．Weather symbols and Chinese characters. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The Story Of Emojis. B．The Way To Use Emojis. C．The History Of Emoticons. D．The Story About A Japanese Artist. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 emoji n. 表情符号 launch v. 发布，推出 character n. 字符，文字 expeditious adj. 迅速的，高效的 permanent collection n. 永久收藏 长难句分析 原句：The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched their mobile Internet system. 译文：公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。 分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为 “The company asked him to create a set of emojis”，“to use when they launched their mobile Internet system” 为不定式短语作目的状语，其中 “when they launched their mobile Internet system” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句。 中文翻译 不久前，大多数人还很难想象这样一个世界：你可以给某人发送一张小图片，这将是一种很好的回应方式。但今天，表情符号在交流中无处不在，许多人认为它们是一种新的语言形式。 第一个表情符号是 1999 年由一位日本艺术家创作的。他当时在一家移动网络公司工作。公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。该系统上的信息限制在 250 个字符以内，所以他认为表情符号对人们来说会是一种高效的交流方式，能让在线交流轻松又快速。 当时，人们已经在对话中使用 “表情符号” 了。这些是用键盘上的字符组成的简单面孔。例如，冒号和右括号 ——:)—— 组成一个基本的笑脸。这位艺术家借鉴了这个想法，并通过创建 176 个黑白像素图像来表现情感、天气和食物等内容，使它变得更好。这组表情符号现在是纽约现代艺术博物馆永久收藏的一部分。 这位艺术家说，他的灵感来自于天气预报中使用的符号和汉字。“emoji” 这个词是两个日语单词的组合：“e” 的意思是 “图片”，“moji” 的意思是 “字符”。这位艺术家说，他从未想过表情符号会在全世界如此流行。 但它们确实如此 —— 而且发生得很快。日本的其他公司也开始使用表情符号，到 21 世纪中期，国际公司开始将它们纳入自己的系统。2010 年，表情符号被 Unicode 联盟正式认可，这是一个在软件中保持文本标准的组织。这意味着表情符号可以在任何操作系统上使用。 今天，Unicode 联盟已经认可了 3700 多个表情符号，展示了不同的情绪、动物、食物、旗帜等。就像任何其他语言一样，表情符号不断增长，每年都会增加新的表情符号。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$