衔接点08：时态语态及非谓语动词综合（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

衔接点08 时态语态及非谓语综合（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段的英语学习注重基础语法的掌握和应用，因此对动词时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够理解并正确使用这些时态和语态来表达不同的时间和动作状态。 高中阶段对时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够在各种语境中准确、灵活地使用不同的时态和语态。非谓语部分是高中语法重点内容，需熟练掌握动名词、现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态变化及语法功能。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中时态语态及非谓语考点聚焦】 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 基本时态 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时基本构成和用法；理解现在进行时、过去进行时构成及表示正在进行动作；掌握现在完成时、过去完成时构成及表示动作完成或对现在影响 2 被动语态 理解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时被动语态的基本构成 3 时态的一致性 在复合句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句）中保持主句和从句时态一致性 4 语态的转换 理解主动语态和被动语态之间转换及在不同语境中的使用 5 时态信号词 识别时态信号词（如时间状语）帮助确定句子时态 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 不定式 形式 “to + 动词原形”，可作多种成分，如主语、宾语等，不同时态、语态有对应构成。 2 动名词 构成 “动词原形 + -ing”，能充当主语、宾语等成分，特定动词或介词后常用。 3 分词 分现在分词（“动词原形 + -ing”）和过去分词（规则、不规则变化），各自在句中作多种成分，表意有别。 【高中时态语态及非谓语考点聚焦】 课标解读 除初中八种基本时态外，还需掌握现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时的用法；将来完成时、将来进行时用法；除了初中几种被动形式外，还需掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。在阅读理解中分析和理解时态和语态的使用，以及它们对文章意义的影响。在语法填空中准确使用时态和语态，各种非谓语动词形式。在翻译练习及写作中准确转换时态和语态，保持原文的意义和风格。使用非谓语动词增加句子表达的多样化及丰富性。 考点清单 一、时态语态主要知识点梳理 时态语态难题易错题 1．My friend has returned from the UK. She ______ at Oxford for four years, during which time we communicated with each other on the Internet. A．had studied B．has been studying C．has studied D．studied 2．The Chinese animated blockbuster Ne Zha 2, which ______ traditional Chinese culture, ______ an estimated of 1. 5 billion yuan at the box-office since its release, ______ to audiences of all ages. A．draws on; has sold; appealing B．drawing on; has been sold; appealed C．draws on; is sold; appealing D．drawing on; sells; appealed 3．Beidou, ______ as China’s self-developed satellite navigation system, ______a crucial role in various fields such as transportation, surveying and mapping, and national security. A．considered; playing B．being considered; has played C．considered; has played D．considering; playing 4．Linda ________ the experiment a month ago but changed her mind at the last minute, otherwise she ________ important data by now. A．started; would collect B．was to start; would have collected C．would start; collected D．was to start; would be collecting 5．By the end of his career, Isaac Newton was ________ with producing over 500 books, many of which ________ groundbreaking theories across multiple disciplines. A．flooded; involving B．credited; introduced C．impressed; covered D．engaged; presented 6．Scientists used sonar to map the seafloor where the plane ________, ________ for any remnants. A．was thought crashing; searched B．was thought to crash; searching C．was thought to have crashed; searching D．thought to have crashed; searched 7．In the past few months, the international community ________ a series of peace-seeking efforts in the Israel-Palestine conflict. A．saw B．has seen C．had seen D．sees 8．Our two senior programmers ________ each other ever since they were at college. A．know B．knew C．have known D．are knowing 9．They became friends again that day. Until then, they ________ to each other for nearly two years. A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．spoke 10．By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks. A．had stayed B．shall stay C．will have stayed D．have been staying 11．The shy boy ____________ to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. A．had planned B．planned C．plans D．has planned 12．The question as to whether there will be more tornadoes as the season ________ remains uncertain. A．will continue B．has continued C．is continuing D．continues 13．The baby is generally healthy thanks to the intensive care of health professionals, and yet every now and then he ________a cold. A．has caught B．is catching C．will catch D．catches 14．—I will come to attend your lecture at 10: 00 tomorrow. —I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ________ my guests in my office. A．am meeting B．will meet C．will be meeting D．will have met 15．When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain. A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid 16．I to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A．have hoped B．had hoped C．hoped D．hope 17．Jerry, together with his workmates, in the supermarket at this time yesterday. A．are shopping B．is shopping C．was shopping D．were shopping 18．I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ________ in a radio factory at that time. A．had worked B．has worked C．was working D．has been working 19．By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks. A．will stay B．will have stayed C．have stayed D．have been staying 20．By the time she graduate next year, Sarah ________three internships, laying a solid foundation for her future career. A．will complete B．will have completed C．has completed D．had completed 21．A library with six thousand books ________ to the school as a gift. A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered 22．The new policy ______ carefully by the management team at the moment, and its final version will be shared next week. A．is being discussed B．is discussing C．is discussed D．is being discuss 23．Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．were given B．was given C．have been given D．has been given 24．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it________. A．is painted B．was painted C．was painting D．was being painted 25．Mrs. Novak heard that she ________ to a post in a nearby school. A．will promote B．would be promoted C．had promoted D．has been promoted 26．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ________ in the past few years. A．have discovered B．were discovered C．have been discovered D．were being discovered 27．A rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who _______ in the mountains for two days. A．had been trapped B．have been trapped C．have trapped D．were trapped 28．Due to new proper measures, by the end of this month, the carbon footprint produced by the cattle farm by about 30%. A．has been reduced B．will have reduced C．has been reducing D．will have been reduced 29．It’s reported that by the end of this year, huge quantities of good earth ______ due to deforestation. A．will have been washed away B．is being washed away C．are being washed away D．will have washed away 30．No matter how advanced modern equipment is, letters _________ in expressing people’s feelings. A．will never replace B．will never be replaced C．never replace D．have never been replaced 二、非谓语主要知识点梳理 表1. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 特征和作用 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词作用 句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 表2. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, finish, keep, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, turn to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事;stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（已发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） 表3：接动名词的含有介词的固定句型： ①prevent/stop/keep sb.(sth.)from doing ②spend time(money) in doing sth. ③waste time (money) in doing sth. ④have some difficulty/trouble in doing sth. ⑤have a hard time in doing sth. ⑥there is no sense/point in doing sth. 非谓语难题易错题 ★一．非谓语动词作主语和表语 1. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; __ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 解析：动名词作主语表示一般或习惯性行为。答案______ 2. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ______. A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too. C. to collect coins is also his hobby. D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure. 解析：and连接两个并列句，前一个分句用动名词作主语。答案______ 3. The next thing to consider is _______ the right person to take up the work. A. to find B. find C. finding D. found 解析：区分：不定式常表具体或将来发生的事；动名词则表抽象或泛指的动作。答案______ ★二．非谓语动词作宾语 1. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have ____ the problem. A. to solve B. solving C. solved D. been solving 解析：句型have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 所以选动名词作宾语。答案______ 2．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____ road conditions need _______. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 解析：当need表示“某物需要……”时可接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。答案______ 3. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to______ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up. 解析：因devote….to…..中的to是介词，接动名词。答案______ ★三．非谓语动词作定语 1. Learning another language gives us the chance to travel, to be involved with others and ____ in their daily lives and different cultures. A. participate B. participating C. participated D. to participate 解析：不难看出，, and后并列三个动词不定式修饰the chance，做后置定语。答案______ 2. The computer center, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opened C. being opened D. having opened 解析：分词短语做定语，相当非限制性定语从句（=which was opened last year）。答案______ 3. The picture _____ on the wall was painted by my nephew. A. hanged B. hanging C. hung D. being hung .解析：本题考查现在分词作后置定语的用法。hanging on the wall “挂在墙上”，表示状态。答案______ ★四．非谓语动词作状语 1. ______ in a while uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed. 解析：he与dress是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。题中dressed in= as he was dressed in。答案______ 2. When _____ help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered. 解析：因被提供了帮助，才说“谢谢”， When offered help… = When he is offered help…答案______ 3. He left home early only ____ he was late as he went a wrong way. A. found B. finding C. being found D. to find 解析：不定式only to作结果状语，区分：just to/merely to 作目的状语。答案______ ★五．非谓语动词作补语 1. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting. 解析：a man与put是主动关系，且看到时正在发生，所以用现在分词作宾补。答案______ 2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ______. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning. 解析：在使役动词make; let; have在转变为被动语态后的要带to。答案______ ★六．非谓语动词的时态与语态 1. We absolutely believe that the meeting _____ next Sunday is very important. A. held B. to be held C. to have hold D. being held. 解析：显然选不定式的被动语态作定语修饰meeting。相当于which will be held next Sunday。答案______ 2. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to ______ in time for Christmas.. A. have received B. received C. be received D. be receiving. 解析：句子主语all these gifts与不定式receive构成被动关系。答案______ ★七．非谓语动词的否定形式及逻辑主语 1. While watching television, ______. A. the door bell rang B. the door bell rings C. we heard the doorbell rings D. we heard the door bell ring. 解析：现在分词watching的逻辑主语一定是句子的主语，能作其逻辑主语的只有选项C和D中的we；又因为在hear后作宾补的不定式应省略to。答案______ 2. In order to make our city green, ________. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees. B. many more trees need to be planted. C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees. 解析：作目的状语的不定式逻辑主语应和句子中的主语保持一致。答案______ 3. ________ the programmer, they have to stay for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 解析：非谓语动词否定式要将not分在前面，they与complete是主动关系。答案______ 一、语法填空 1．So far, nothing like this (invent) yet and we are a long way from an invention like that. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Get a load of the sculpture! The live broadcast (bring) to you from one of the largest museums on Earth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The construction of the two new railway lines (complete) by now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．More new technologies (apply) in the field of IT at present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity (conduct) through the string to the key. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．In a few months, the newly planted trees will (surround) by colorful flowers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he (examine) by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The road (widen) when I passed by the village. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．The Internet (effect) our daily life greatly. （所给词的适当形式填空） 12．Over the past eighty years, Jane Eyre (translate) into more than 50 languages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The man (stand) there with a book in his hand is my English teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．He has become the first American scientist (award) a Nobel prize. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．Rose showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed (prepare) for it pretty well. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．The national park has a lot of wildlife, (range) from tigers to elephants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17． by green rolling hills and beautiful lakes, the island looks amazing. (surround) (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．When I opened my door and was about to leave, I noticed that two men (question) by the police. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 1．她从八岁开始就一直打网球。 She since she was eight. 2．到目前为止，这一概念被运用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。 So far, this concept   painting, architecture and sculpture. 3．I (参加考试) at 2: 30 tomorrow afternoon, so I can’t go skating with you. 4．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。 My mother my diaries I came in yesterday. 5．Since your computer (正在被修理), you can use mine. 6．多年来我们一直要求更好的居住条件。 For years we better living conditions. 7．在过去的十年里，在医学和环境科学领域取得了巨大的进步。 In the past ten years, in medicine and environmental science. 8．当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine when I went into the meeting room. 9．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。 the northeast of China, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 10．我们看到越来越多的古建筑正在被破坏或拆除。(感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语) We or pulled down. 11．得知五分之四的票已经被预订了，经理很高兴。 The manager was happy to learn that four­fifths of the tickets . 12．切断了水供应后，工人们正在修理管道。 the water supply, the workers are repairing the pipes. 13．I had to move to another room because (我的房间在装修) then. 14．他爱好广泛，从书法到吉它都很喜欢。 He has diverse interests, calligraphy guitar-playing. 15．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. 16．这些年她一直在为这家杂志撰稿。 She articles to this magazine all these years. 17．明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 I at the airport at ten tomorrow morning. 18．等交通畅通时，我们的汽油就用完了。 By the time the traffic clears, we will have of gas. 19．The experts are examining the problem of food safety in this area.（用被动语态改写） 20．Andrew was repairing the machine at this time yesterday. (用被动语态改写) 一、语篇填空 (时态语态专练) Welcome to our school.I'd like to introduce you to plans for our school.A lot of work 1 (do) in the past few years.The library 2 (complete) and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3 (build)these days.But we don't have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4 (collect) money.The money which is collected 5 (spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6 (make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7 (put)on. Now the garden of the school 8 (improve) and new trees 9 (plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 (paint) during the summer holidays.In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。 Last week,our yearly school sports meeting 61 (hold) and the students of our class took 62 active part in it.On the first day,we watched the impressive opening ceremony 63 (perform) by energetic teachers and students.Soon,the games formally began.Some of my classmates ran to the track to cheer for the 64 （athlete）while others remained 65 (seat),watching them from a distance.I was 66 (excite) because I would compete 67 the 100-meter dash with my classmates cheering.Unfortunately,I fell on the ground, 68 (miss) the chance to win.What a pity!Although I failed,I was still looking forward to a 69 (good) performance the next day.However,as a result of the rain,we had to put off the sports meeting, 70 made us disappointed. 三、阅读理解 Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives(蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 1．Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest? A．It’s small in size. B．It’s hidden in trees. C．It’s covered with wax. D．It’s hard to recognize. 2．What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A bee. B．A bird. C．A honey seeker. D．A beekeeper. 3．The honey guide is special in the way ________. A．it gets its food B．it goes to church C．it sings in the forest D．it reaches into bees’ nests 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Wild Bees. B．Wax and Honey. C．Beekeeping in Africa. D．Honey-Lover’s Helper. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 honey guide n. 蜂蜜向导 wax n. 蜂蜡 beehive n. 蜂房 attract v. 吸引 determined adj. 坚决的，坚定的 长难句分析 原句：The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives. 译文：蜂蜜向导实际上并不喜欢蜂蜜，但它确实喜欢蜂房里的蜂蜡。 分析：本句是由 but 连接的并列句。前一个分句 “The honey guide does not actually like honey” 为否定句，后一个分句 “it does like the wax in the beehives” 为肯定句，其中 “does” 为助动词，用于强调谓语动词 like。 中文翻译 非洲森林里的蜂蜜不仅是一种天然糖，而且味道鲜美。大多数人，还有许多动物，都喜欢吃它。然而，他们得到蜂蜜的唯一方法就是找到一个野蜜蜂的巢，然后从里面取蜂蜜。通常，这些巢穴都在高高的树上，很难找到它们。然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手 —— 一种被称为 “蜂蜜向导” 的小鸟。 蜂蜜向导实际上并不喜欢蜂蜜，但它确实喜欢蜂房里的蜂蜡。这只小鸟无法够到蜂蜡，因为蜂蜡在蜂巢的深处。所以，当它找到一个合适的巢穴时，它会寻找别人来帮助它。蜂蜜向导发出一声响亮的叫声，吸引了路过的动物和人的注意。一旦引起了它们的注意，它就会飞过森林，时不时地等着这些好奇的动物或人把它们带到蜂巢那里。当它们最终到达蜂巢时，跟随者伸手去够美味的蜂蜜，而这只鸟则耐心地等待和观察。一些蜂蜜和蜂蜡总会掉到地上，这时蜂蜜向导就会得到它的那份。 科学家们不知道为什么蜂蜜向导喜欢吃蜂蜡，但它在获取蜂蜡的努力中非常坚定。这些鸟似乎能从很远的地方闻到蜂蜡的味道。每当养蜂人从蜂箱里取蜂蜜时，它们就会很快到达，甚至当蜂蜡蜡烛被点燃时，它们会进入教堂。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点08 时态语态及非谓语综合（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段的英语学习注重基础语法的掌握和应用，因此对动词时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够理解并正确使用这些时态和语态来表达不同的时间和动作状态。 高中阶段对时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够在各种语境中准确、灵活地使用不同的时态和语态。非谓语部分是高中语法重点内容，需熟练掌握动名词、现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态变化及语法功能。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中时态语态及非谓语考点聚焦】 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 基本时态 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时基本构成和用法；理解现在进行时、过去进行时构成及表示正在进行动作；掌握现在完成时、过去完成时构成及表示动作完成或对现在影响 2 被动语态 理解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时被动语态的基本构成 3 时态的一致性 在复合句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句）中保持主句和从句时态一致性 4 语态的转换 理解主动语态和被动语态之间转换及在不同语境中的使用 5 时态信号词 识别时态信号词（如时间状语）帮助确定句子时态 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 不定式 形式 “to + 动词原形”，可作多种成分，如主语、宾语等，不同时态、语态有对应构成。 2 动名词 构成 “动词原形 + -ing”，能充当主语、宾语等成分，特定动词或介词后常用。 3 分词 分现在分词（“动词原形 + -ing”）和过去分词（规则、不规则变化），各自在句中作多种成分，表意有别。 【高中时态语态及非谓语考点聚焦】 课标解读 除初中八种基本时态外，还需掌握现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时的用法；将来完成时、将来进行时用法；除了初中几种被动形式外，还需掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。在阅读理解中分析和理解时态和语态的使用，以及它们对文章意义的影响。在语法填空中准确使用时态和语态，各种非谓语动词形式。在翻译练习及写作中准确转换时态和语态，保持原文的意义和风格。使用非谓语动词增加句子表达的多样化及丰富性。 考点清单 一、时态语态主要知识点梳理 时态语态难题易错题 1．My friend has returned from the UK. She ______ at Oxford for four years, during which time we communicated with each other on the Internet. A．had studied B．has been studying C．has studied D．studied 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我的朋友从英国回来了。她在牛津学习了四年，期间我们通过互联网保持联系。根据“My friend has returned from the UK.”和“during which time we communicated with each other on the Internet”可知，“学习”的动作发生在过去特定时间段，且已经结束，因此用一般过去时描述过去发生的动作。A. had studied过去完成时，强调在另一个过去动作之前完成，但句中无其他过去动作参照；B. has been studying现在完成进行时，强调动作持续至今，与“已回国”矛盾；C. has studied现在完成时，强调与现在的联系，但“学习”动作已终止。故选D。 2．The Chinese animated blockbuster Ne Zha 2, which ______ traditional Chinese culture, ______ an estimated of 1. 5 billion yuan at the box-office since its release, ______ to audiences of all ages. A．draws on; has sold; appealing B．drawing on; has been sold; appealed C．draws on; is sold; appealing D．drawing on; sells; appealed 【答案】A 【详解】动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致。  句意：中国动画大片《哪吒2》借鉴了中国传统文化，自上映以来票房已突破15亿元，吸引了各个年龄段的观众。which 引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语，且在陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。主语为The Chinese animated blockbuster Ne Zha 2，谓语为单数形式，所以第一个空为draws on。根据since its release可知，第二个空为现在完成时，主语与谓语为主动关系，所以空处为has sold；第三个空为非谓语动词，The Chinese animated blockbuster Ne Zha 2与appeal to之间为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选A项。 3．Beidou, ______ as China’s self-developed satellite navigation system, ______a crucial role in various fields such as transportation, surveying and mapping, and national security. A．considered; playing B．being considered; has played C．considered; has played D．considering; playing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：北斗，被认为是中国自主研发的卫星导航系统，已经在交通、测绘以及国家安全等各个领域中发挥着至关重要的作用。第一空作后置定语，Beidou和consider为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式；第二空作谓语，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时。故选C。 4．Linda ________ the experiment a month ago but changed her mind at the last minute, otherwise she ________ important data by now. A．started; would collect B．was to start; would have collected C．would start; collected D．was to start; would be collecting 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定式，时态，主谓一致和虚拟语气。句意：琳达本打算在一个月前开始这项实验，但在最后一刻改变了主意，否则她现在早就收集到重要的数据了。由“a month ago but changed her mind”可知，句子表示“琳达本打算在一个月前开始这项实验，但在最后一刻改变了主意”，第一空用不定式表打算，由changed可知，时态是一般过去时，主语Linda是单数，因此第一空是was to start；otherwise意为“否则”，第二空是含蓄虚拟条件句，空格处用“情态动词+have done”，句子表示“否则她现在早就收集到重要的数据了”，空格处的情态动词用would，因此第二空是would have collected。故选B。 5．By the end of his career, Isaac Newton was ________ with producing over 500 books, many of which ________ groundbreaking theories across multiple disciplines. A．flooded; involving B．credited; introduced C．impressed; covered D．engaged; presented 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在其职业生涯末期，Isaac Newton被公认为著有超过500部著作，其中许多著作在多个学科领域提出了具有开创性的理论。A. flooded（使）淹没；involving使参加；B. credited认为是……的功劳，给予承认；introduced首次引入（某物）；C. impressed使人印象深刻；covered覆盖；D. engaged参加，从事；presented呈现。由“producing over 500 books”可知，句子表示“Isaac Newton被公认为著有超过500部著作”，be credited with意为“被认为对某事有功”，因此第一空是credited。由“groundbreaking theories across multiple disciplines”可知，第二空所在句子表示“其中许多著作在多个学科领域提出了具有开创性的理论”，第二空意为“首次引入（某物）”。故选B。 6．Scientists used sonar to map the seafloor where the plane ________, ________ for any remnants. A．was thought crashing; searched B．was thought to crash; searching C．was thought to have crashed; searching D．thought to have crashed; searched 【答案】C 【详解】考查不定式和非谓语动词。句意：科学家们使用声纳绘制了被认为是飞机坠毁地点的海底地图，寻找飞机残骸。sb. be thought to do sth.是固定短语，意为“某人被认为做某事”，由used可知，时态是一般过去时，crash的动作已经发生，因此不定式用完成式，主语plane是单数，因此第一空是was thought to have crashed；句中谓语是used，第二空用非谓语动词，Scientists和search之间是主谓关系，因此第二空用现在分词表主动，作状语。故选C。 7．In the past few months, the international community ________ a series of peace-seeking efforts in the Israel-Palestine conflict. A．saw B．has seen C．had seen D．sees 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的几个月里，国际社会在以色列——巴勒斯坦冲突中见证了一系列寻求和平的努力。根据题干中的时间状语In the past few months可知，see“看见”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语the international community是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故选B。 8．Our two senior programmers ________ each other ever since they were at college. A．know B．knew C．have known D．are knowing 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们的两名资深程序员自从上大学以来就认识彼此了。本空为主句谓语，根据本句中时间状语从句ever since they were at college可知，know“认识”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语Our two senior programmers是复数，所以助动词用have，谓语用have known。故选C。 9．They became friends again that day. Until then, they ________ to each other for nearly two years. A．didn’t speak B．hadn’t spoken C．haven’t spoken D．spoke 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：那天他们又成了朋友。在那之前，他们已经有近两年没说过话了。“他们已经有近两年没说过话”发生在“他们又成了朋友”之前，表示过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选B项。 10．By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks. A．had stayed B．shall stay C．will have stayed D．have been staying 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态辨析。句意：等你到达伦敦的时候，我们将已经在欧洲待了两周了。A. had stayed过去完成时，表示过去的过去；B. shall stay一般将来时，表示将来会做某事；C. will have stayed将来完成时，表示在将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作；D. have been staying现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还可能继续下去。根据“By the time you arrive in London”可知，这是一个将来的时间点，“待在欧洲两周”这个动作在你到达伦敦这个将来时间之前就会完成，所以要用将来完成时。故选C项。 11．The shy boy ____________ to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. A．had planned B．planned C．plans D．has planned 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：由于在新地方感到孤独和悲伤，这个害羞的男孩本打算退学，但与校长的一次简短交谈帮助了他。本空为but前句子的谓语，plan“计划”发生在helped“帮助”之前，表示过去的过去发生的事情，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had planned。故选A。 12．The question as to whether there will be more tornadoes as the season ________ remains uncertain. A．will continue B．has continued C．is continuing D．continues 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：随着季节的推移，是否会刮起更多龙卷风这个问题仍不确定。whether引导名词性从句作as to的宾语，该宾语从句中as引导时间状语从句，主句“there will be more tornadoes”为一般将来时，应遵循“主将从现”的原则，状语从句应用一般现在时表将来。故选D。 13．The baby is generally healthy thanks to the intensive care of health professionals, and yet every now and then he ________a cold. A．has caught B．is catching C．will catch D．catches 【答案】D 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意：多亏了医护人员的精心照料，这个婴儿总体上很健康，然而时不时他还是会感冒。根据时间状语every now and then（时不时）可知，这个句子应该使用一般现在时。故选D项。 14．—I will come to attend your lecture at 10: 00 tomorrow. —I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ________ my guests in my office. A．am meeting B．will meet C．will be meeting D．will have met 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：句意：——我明天10点来听你的讲座。——对不起，到那时我的演讲就结束了，我将在办公室会见我的客人。分析可知，所填空应是谓语，根据前文“by then my lecture will have ended(到那时我的讲座就结束了)”可知，应用将来进行时表达“那时”将会正在发生的动作。故选C项。 15．When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain. A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当老人开始往回走的时候，太阳已经躲在山后面了。根据句意可知，when引导的从句是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主句动作发生在从句动作之前，所以使用过去完成时态。故选A项。 16．I to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it. A．have hoped B．had hoped C．hoped D．hope 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。结合句意，表达“本打算做某事”用had hoped to do。故选B。 17．Jerry, together with his workmates, in the supermarket at this time yesterday. A．are shopping B．is shopping C．was shopping D．were shopping 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：昨天这个时候，杰瑞和他的同事们正在超市购物。根据后文 at this time yesterday可知为过去进行时，且谓语与Jerry保持一致，用单数。故选C。 18．I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ________ in a radio factory at that time. A．had worked B．has worked C．was working D．has been working 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：我10年前第一次见到汤姆，当时他在一家无线电工厂工作。根据at that time可知表示过去正在发生的事情，时态是过去进行时，结构为was/were+动词ing形式，主语是he，所以be动词用was，work的动词ing形式就是working。故选C。 19．By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks. A．will stay B．will have stayed C．have stayed D．have been staying 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：当你到达伦敦时，我们已经在欧洲待了两周。by the time +一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。故选B项。 20．By the time she graduate next year, Sarah ________three internships, laying a solid foundation for her future career. A．will complete B．will have completed C．has completed D．had completed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年毕业时，Sarah将完成三次实习，为她未来的职业生涯奠定坚实的基础。by the time为固定短语，意为“到……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，与完成时态连用。根据本句时间状语“By the time she graduate next year”可知，主句强调在明年她毕业这个将来的时间点之前，Sarah已经完成了三次实习，故需用将来完成时。故选B项。 21．A library with six thousand books ________ to the school as a gift. A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered 【答案】A 【详解】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：一个有六千本书的图书馆被作为礼物提供给了这所学校。空处为句子谓语动词，主语A library为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，主语与动词offer之间为被动关系，A选项is offered是一般现在时的被动语态，符合语法和句意。故选A。 22．The new policy ______ carefully by the management team at the moment, and its final version will be shared next week. A．is being discussed B．is discussing C．is discussed D．is being discuss 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：目前，管理团队正在仔细讨论新政策，最终版本将于下周公布。根据“at the moment”可知此处是描述正在发生的事情，且主语policy和动词discuss之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，故选A。 23．Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．were given B．was given C．have been given D．has been given 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。艾米和她的兄弟们是被欢迎，由last week可知，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词根据前面的主语确定，即根据Amy确定，Amy是单数，因此空格处是was given。故选B。 24．After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it________. A．is painted B．was painted C．was painting D．was being painted 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去进行时的被动形式。句意：放学后我们去阅读室读书，结果被告知阅览室正在被粉刷。told 后为that引导的宾语从句，it指代the reading room，时间状语为after school，根据句意可知，阅览室在我去那儿的时候是正在被刷漆，故用过去进行时的被动语态，was/were being done，故选D。 25．Mrs. Novak heard that she ________ to a post in a nearby school. A．will promote B．would be promoted C．had promoted D．has been promoted 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：诺瓦克夫人听说她将被提升到附近一所学校任职。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，promote与主语she是动宾关系，应用被动语态，由主句谓语动词heard可知，此处表示站在过去看将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时。故选B。 26．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ________ in the past few years. A．have discovered B．were discovered C．have been discovered D．were being discovered 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：在高科技的帮助下，近年来发现了越来越多的新物质。根据该句时间状语in the past few years可知，此处为现在完成时，结合substances和动词discover为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选C项。 27．A rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who _______ in the mountains for two days. A．had been trapped B．have been trapped C．have trapped D．were trapped 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名在山里被困了两天的游客。who引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词two tourists，由句意可知，游客“被困”发生在“被救”之前，risked为一般过去时，表示在过去的动作之前发生的动作，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，two tourists和trap之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 28．Due to new proper measures, by the end of this month, the carbon footprint produced by the cattle farm by about 30%. A．has been reduced B．will have reduced C．has been reducing D．will have been reduced 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：由于采取了新的适当措施，到本月底，养牛场产生的碳足迹将减少30%左右。碳足迹是被减少，由“by the end of this month”可知，句子时态用将来完成时，因此空格处是将来完成时的被动语态，即will have been done，故选D。 29．It’s reported that by the end of this year, huge quantities of good earth ______ due to deforestation. A．will have been washed away B．is being washed away C．are being washed away D．will have washed away 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：据报道，到今年年底，大量的好土将因为森林砍伐而被冲走。泥土是被冲走，空格处用被动语态，排除D选项；由by the end of this year可知，句子时态用将来完成时，因此空格处是将来完成时的被动语态，即will have been done，故选A。 30．No matter how advanced modern equipment is, letters _________ in expressing people’s feelings. A．will never replace B．will never be replaced C．never replace D．have never been replaced 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：无论现代设备多么先进，在表达人们的感情方面，字母是永远无法取代的。该句是复合句，含no matter how引导的让步状语从句，从句是一般现在时，主句表示将来，且句子主语letters和谓语动词replace之间是被动关系，是一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。 二、非谓语主要知识点梳理 表1. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 特征和作用 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词作用 句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 表2. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, finish, keep, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, turn to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事;stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（已发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） 表3：接动名词的含有介词的固定句型： ①prevent/stop/keep sb.(sth.)from doing ②spend time(money) in doing sth. ③waste time (money) in doing sth. ④have some difficulty/trouble in doing sth. ⑤have a hard time in doing sth. ⑥there is no sense/point in doing sth. 非谓语难题易错题 ★一．非谓语动词作主语和表语 1. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; __ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 解析：动名词作主语表示一般或习惯性行为。答案______ 2. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ______. A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too. C. to collect coins is also his hobby. D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure. 解析：and连接两个并列句，前一个分句用动名词作主语。答案______ 3. The next thing to consider is _______ the right person to take up the work. A. to find B. find C. finding D. found 解析：区分：不定式常表具体或将来发生的事；动名词则表抽象或泛指的动作。答案______ ★二．非谓语动词作宾语 1. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have ____ the problem. A. to solve B. solving C. solved D. been solving 解析：句型have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 所以选动名词作宾语。答案______ 2．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____ road conditions need _______. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 解析：当need表示“某物需要……”时可接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式。答案______ 3. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to______ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up. 解析：因devote….to…..中的to是介词，接动名词。答案______ ★三．非谓语动词作定语 1. Learning another language gives us the chance to travel, to be involved with others and ____ in their daily lives and different cultures. A. participate B. participating C. participated D. to participate 解析：不难看出，, and后并列三个动词不定式修饰the chance，做后置定语。答案______ 2. The computer center, ______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opened C. being opened D. having opened 解析：分词短语做定语，相当非限制性定语从句（=which was opened last year）。答案______ 3. The picture _____ on the wall was painted by my nephew. A. hanged B. hanging C. hung D. being hung .解析：本题考查现在分词作后置定语的用法。hanging on the wall “挂在墙上”，表示状态。答案______ ★四．非谓语动词作状语 1. ______ in a while uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed. 解析：he与dress是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。题中dressed in= as he was dressed in。答案______ 2. When _____ help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered. 解析：因被提供了帮助，才说“谢谢”， When offered help… = When he is offered help…答案______ 3. He left home early only ____ he was late as he went a wrong way. A. found B. finding C. being found D. to find 解析：不定式only to作结果状语，区分：just to/merely to 作目的状语。答案______ ★五．非谓语动词作补语 1. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting. 解析：a man与put是主动关系，且看到时正在发生，所以用现在分词作宾补。答案______ 2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ______. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning. 解析：在使役动词make; let; have在转变为被动语态后的要带to。答案______ ★六．非谓语动词的时态与语态 1. We absolutely believe that the meeting _____ next Sunday is very important. A. held B. to be held C. to have hold D. being held. 解析：显然选不定式的被动语态作定语修饰meeting。相当于which will be held next Sunday。答案______ 2. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to ______ in time for Christmas.. A. have received B. received C. be received D. be receiving. 解析：句子主语all these gifts与不定式receive构成被动关系。答案______ ★七．非谓语动词的否定形式及逻辑主语 1. While watching television, ______. A. the door bell rang B. the door bell rings C. we heard the doorbell rings D. we heard the door bell ring. 解析：现在分词watching的逻辑主语一定是句子的主语，能作其逻辑主语的只有选项C和D中的we；又因为在hear后作宾补的不定式应省略to。答案______ 2. In order to make our city green, ________. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees. B. many more trees need to be planted. C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees. 解析：作目的状语的不定式逻辑主语应和句子中的主语保持一致。答案______ 3. ________ the programmer, they have to stay for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 解析：非谓语动词否定式要将not分在前面，they与complete是主动关系。答案______ 一、语法填空 1．So far, nothing like this (invent) yet and we are a long way from an invention like that. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been invented 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，这样的东西还没有被发明出来，我们离这样的发明还有很长的路要走。根据So far可知，本句为现在完成时，主语nothing 与invent为被动关系，所以本句为现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been invented。 2．Get a load of the sculpture! The live broadcast (bring) to you from one of the largest museums on Earth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being brought 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看看这个雕塑！这场直播来自地球上最大的博物馆之一。由“Get a load of the sculpture!”可知，现在正在进行现场直播，broadcast和bring之间是被动关系，因此句子用现在进行时的被动语态be being done，主语The live broadcast是单数，因此空格处是is being brought。故填is being brought。 3．The construction of the two new railway lines (complete) by now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been completed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这两条新铁路线的建设到现在已经完成。根据时间状语by now可知，应用现在完成时，且主语The construction of the two new railway lines与词complete之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填has been completed。 4．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看！客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领，引领)是句中谓语动词，与主语The guests之间是被动关系，结合Look!可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。 5．More new technologies (apply) in the field of IT at present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being applied 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：目前更多的新技术正在信息技术领域得到应用。由时间状语at present可知，此处应用现在进行时。主语more new technologies与apply之间为被动关系，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语为复数形式，故填are being applied。 6．A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity (conduct) through the string to the key. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was conducted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一道闪电击中了风筝，电通过绳子传导到了钥匙上。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据前半句话中的hit可知，本句话为一般过去时，描述过去的事实。主语electricity和该动词之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was conducted。 7．In a few months, the newly planted trees will (surround) by colorful flowers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be surrounded 【详解】考查语态。句意：几个月后，新栽的树将被五颜六色的鲜花包围。主语the newly planted trees与surround之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。will后接动词原形。根据句意，故填be surrounded。 8．When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was struck 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：当我到达那里时，我被白雪覆盖的乡村美景所吸引。此空为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句中的谓语动词arrived可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，strike与主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第一人称。故填was struck。 9．When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he (examine) by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being examined 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我去医院看望他时，他正在接受医生的检查。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及从句动词went可知，此处应表示过去正在进行的事情，为过去进行时，结合he和动词examine为被动关系，所以为过去进行时的被动语态结构。故填was being examined。 10．The road (widen) when I passed by the village. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being widened 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：当我经过村庄时，路正在被拓宽。空处为主句谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处表示路过时看到路正在拓宽，因此主句为过去进行时；widen“拓宽”和主语The road之间是被动的关系，需用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was being widened。 11．The Internet (effect) our daily life greatly. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】affects 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：互联网极大地影响了我们的日常生活。根据汉语提示可知应用动词affect，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Internet，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填affects。 12．Over the past eighty years, Jane Eyre (translate) into more than 50 languages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been translated 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的八十年，《简爱》已经被翻译成了50多种语言。此空作谓语动词，Jane Eyre作主语，为单数，根据时间状语可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语与translate之间为被动关系，故填has been translated。 13．The man (stand) there with a book in his hand is my English teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在那里手里拿着一本书的那个人是我的英语老师。此处stand与man为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填standing。 14．He has become the first American scientist (award) a Nobel prize. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be awarded 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：他成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的美国科学家。American scientist被序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，科学家是被授予诺贝尔奖，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be done，故填to be awarded。 15．Rose showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed (prepare) for it pretty well. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have prepared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：罗斯在比赛前没有表现出焦虑。她似乎准备得很充分。seem to do“似乎做某事”是固定搭配，结合语境和上文“Rose showed no anxiety before the competition.”可知，“准备”发生在谓语动词seemed之前，应用不定式的完成式to have done。故填to have prepared。 16．The national park has a lot of wildlife, (range) from tigers to elephants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家公园有很多野生动物，从老虎到大象。句子谓语动词是has，空格处需要非谓语动词，此处range与wildlife构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填ranging。 17． by green rolling hills and beautiful lakes, the island looks amazing. (surround) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座岛屿被绿色连绵起伏的山丘和美丽的湖泊所包围，看起来令人惊叹。本句谓语为looks，此处为非谓语动词，且the island与surround“包围”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Surrounded。 18．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being caught 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。 19．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看！客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领，引领)是句中谓语动词，与主语The guests之间是被动关系，结合Look!可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。 20．When I opened my door and was about to leave, I noticed that two men (question) by the police. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being questioned 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我打开门正要离开时，我注意到有两个人正在接受警察的盘问。that引导宾语从句，空处缺少从句谓语，主语two men与question构成被动关系，且结合句意可知，此处表示“过去正在被盘问”，用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为复数。故填were being questioned。 二、完成句子 1．她从八岁开始就一直打网球。 She since she was eight. 【答案】has been playing tennis 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。表示“从过去到现在一直在做某事”使用现在完成进行时“have/has been doing ”，“打网球”为“play tennis”，主语she为单数意义，故填has been playing tennis。 2．到目前为止，这一概念被运用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。 So far, this concept   painting, architecture and sculpture. 【答案】has been applied to 【详解】考查时态主谓一致和动词短语。“被应用于”be applied to，由So far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been applied to。 3．I (参加考试) at 2: 30 tomorrow afternoon, so I can’t go skating with you. 【答案】will be taking an exam 【详解】考查时态。句意：我明天下午两点半要考试，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰了。“参加考试”表达为take an exam；根据“at 2:30 tomorrow afternoon”可知，此处陈述将来某个时刻正在发生的事情，应用将来进行时。故填will be taking an exam。 4．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。 My mother my diaries I came in yesterday. 【答案】 was looking through when 【详解】考查时态和固定句型：浏览： look through ；句式结构 be doing ...when ，根据“when I came in yesterday .”可知进来的时候，妈妈正在浏览我的日记，用过去进行时 was / were doing ，主语是 My mother , be 动词用 was。故填was looking through； when。 5．Since your computer (正在被修理), you can use mine. 【答案】is being repaired/is under repair 【详解】考查动词时态语态和介词短语。句意：既然你的电脑正在修理，你可以用我的。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据汉语提示，表示“正在被修理”可以使用现在进行时的被动语态，即is being repaired；也可以使用is under repair，介词短语作表语。故答案为is being repaired或者is under repair。 6．多年来我们一直要求更好的居住条件。 For years we better living conditions. 【答案】have been demanding 【详解】考查动词。结合句意“要求”可知应用动词demand，根据上文可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语为we，助动词用have。故填have been demanding。 7．在过去的十年里，在医学和环境科学领域取得了巨大的进步。 In the past ten years, in medicine and environmental science. 【答案】great advances have been made/great progress has been made 【详解】考查时态语态和名词。表示“巨大的进步”短语为great advances或great progress；此处谓语为make与主语构成被动关系，根据上文In the past ten years可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故填great advances have been made/great progress has been made。 8．当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine when I went into the meeting room. 【答案】were being discussed 【详解】考查时态和语态。“讨论”为discuss，主语“dvantages and disadvantages”承受discuss的动作，结合“when I went into the meeting room”可知，谓语动词使用过去进行时的被动语态，并且主语为复数意义，故填were being discussed。 9．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。 the northeast of China, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 【答案】 Located in 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is，空处应使用非谓语形式，“位于”可使用固定短语be located in，动词locate与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此可省略be动词使用过去分词作状语，位于句首时首字母大写。故填①Located；②in。 10．我们看到越来越多的古建筑正在被破坏或拆除。(感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语) We or pulled down. 【答案】see more and more ancient buildings being destroyed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，本句使用了“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，表示“看到”含义的动词为：see；表示“越来越多的古建筑”含义的表达为：more and more ancient buildings；“正在被破坏”在句子中做宾补，使用非谓语动词表示一个被动动作正在发生，翻译为：being destroyed，故填see more and more ancient buildings being destroyed。 11．得知五分之四的票已经被预订了，经理很高兴。 The manager was happy to learn that four­fifths of the tickets . 【答案】had been booked 【详解】考查时态语态。表示“预订”应用动词book，且与主语构成被动关系，根据上文was可知表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been booked。 12．切断了水供应后，工人们正在修理管道。 the water supply, the workers are repairing the pipes. 【答案】 Having cut off 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“切断了后”。表示“切断”用固定短语cut off，本句谓语为are repairing，此处为非谓语动词，且the workers与cut off为主动关系，本句强调cut off这个动作发生在谓语动词are repairing之前，用现在分词的完成式，作状语。故填Having cut off。 13．I had to move to another room because (我的房间在装修) then. 【答案】mine was being decorated 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：我不得不搬到另一个房间，因为我的房间正在装修。表示“我的”用mine，作主语。结合句子意思和had可知，because引导的原因状语从句用过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的事情，表示“装修”用decorate，与主语mine为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态。主语mine为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填mine was being decorated。 14．他爱好广泛，从书法到吉它都很喜欢。 He has diverse interests, calligraphy guitar-playing. 【答案】 ranging from to 【详解】考查动词短语。“从……到……”用动词短语range from...to...；空格后的部分应该用非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词interests，动词range与名词interests之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词形式作定语。故填ranging from；to 15．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. 【答案】 taking advantage of 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：越来越多的人倾向于庆祝圣诞节，商家也趁此机会加以利用。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语take advantage of“利用”。该动词短语在句中作宾语补足语，和宾语business之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填①taking②advantage③of。 16．这些年她一直在为这家杂志撰稿。 She articles to this magazine all these years. 【答案】has been contributing 【详解】考查动词及时态。表示“撰稿”应用动词contribute；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话有all these years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成进行时，主语是She，谓语用第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has been contributing。 17．明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 I at the airport at ten tomorrow morning. 【答案】will be seeing a friend off 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。“给……送行”可表示为see sb. off，off为副词，修饰see，“一个朋友”可表示为a friend。根据时间状语at ten tomorrow morning可知，这里表示在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故填will be seeing a friend off。 18．等交通畅通时，我们的汽油就用完了。 By the time the traffic clears, we will have of gas. 【答案】 run out 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文句意可知，空处需表示“用完”之意，run out of用完，动词短语，符合题意；由英语题干可知，空处谓语动词使用了将来完成时态：will have done，所以空处动词需用过去分词run。故填run。 19．The experts are examining the problem of food safety in this area.（用被动语态改写） 【答案】The problem of food safety in this area is being examined by the experts. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：专家们正在研究这个地区的食品安全问题。此处改为现在进行时的被动语态，主语为The problem of food safety in this area，谓语用单数。故改为The problem of food safety in this area is being examined by the experts.。 20．Andrew was repairing the machine at this time yesterday. (用被动语态改写) 【答案】The machine was being repaired by Andrew at this time yesterday. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：昨天这个时候，安德鲁正在修理机器。此处改为The machine作主语，用过去进行时的被动语态，表示“被……”应用介词by。故改为The machine was being repaired by Andrew at this time yesterday. 一、语篇填空 (时态语态专练) Welcome to our school.I'd like to introduce you to plans for our school.A lot of work 1 (do) in the past few years.The library 2 (complete) and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3 (build)these days.But we don't have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4 (collect) money.The money which is collected 5 (spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6 (make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7 (put)on. Now the garden of the school 8 (improve) and new trees 9 (plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 (paint) during the summer holidays.In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 参考答案： 1. has been done　2.has been completed　3.is being built　4.are collecting　5.will be spent　 6. is being made7.will be put　8.is being improved　9.are being planted 10.is going to be painted/will be ~ed 二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。 Last week,our yearly school sports meeting 61 (hold) and the students of our class took 62 active part in it.On the first day,we watched the impressive opening ceremony 63 (perform) by energetic teachers and students.Soon,the games formally began.Some of my classmates ran to the track to cheer for the 64 （athlete）while others remained 65 (seat),watching them from a distance.I was 66 (excite) because I would compete 67 the 100-meter dash with my classmates cheering.Unfortunately,I fell on the ground, 68 (miss) the chance to win.What a pity!Although I failed,I was still looking forward to a 69 (good) performance the next day.However,as a result of the rain,we had to put off the sports meeting, 70 made us disappointed. 【答案】 61．was held 62．an 63．performed 64．athletes 65．seated 66．excited 67．in 68．missing 69．better 70．which 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了上周作者所在学校举办了每年都举办的运动会，尽管作者在比赛过程中摔倒了，但作者仍然期待着第二天的良好表现。但天不作美，由于天气原因，运动会被推迟，使同学们很失望。 61．考查一般过去时。由“Last week”可知，本句为一般过去时,our yearly school sports meeting 为主语，与谓语hold为被动，所以应填was held。故填 was held。 62．考查冠词。表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词，有时可具体化为可数名词。这时常组成“a／an＋形容词＋抽象名词”结构。part为抽象名词被active修饰，且active首字母的发音为元音因素，所以用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 63．考查过去分词。分析句子可知，ceremony与perform在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填performed 。 64．考查名词复数。athlete为可数名词。本句指多个运动员，所以用复数athletes 。故填athletes 。 65．考查形容词。be seated“就坐”为固定短语，remain为系动词后接seated作表语。故填seated。 66．考查形容词。以后缀 –ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。本句的主语为I, 所以表语应为excited。故填excited。 67．考查介词。in the 100-meter dash “在百米冲刺”in“在......里”符合句意。故填in。 68．考查现在分词。分析句子可知，I 与miss 在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填missing。 69．考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知，因为作者在运动会当天摔倒了，所以作者期望明天的表现比今天的好。所以用形容词的比较级。故填better。 70．考查关系代词。分析句子可知，which为非限制性定语从句的先行词，指代前面的整个句子，作定语从句的主语。故填which。 【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点： (1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。 (2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。 (3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 分析小题10的句子可知，which为非限制性定语从句的先行词，指代前面的整个句子，作定语从句的主语。故填which。 三、阅读理解 Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives(蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 1．Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest? A．It’s small in size. B．It’s hidden in trees. C．It’s covered with wax. D．It’s hard to recognize. 2．What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A bee. B．A bird. C．A honey seeker. D．A beekeeper. 3．The honey guide is special in the way ________. A．it gets its food B．it goes to church C．it sings in the forest D．it reaches into bees’ nests 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Wild Bees. B．Wax and Honey. C．Beekeeping in Africa. D．Honey-Lover’s Helper. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种奇特的鸟。虽然寻找野蜜蜂的巢很难，但在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.(然而，他们得到蜂蜜的唯一方法就是找到一个野蜜蜂的巢，然后从里面取蜂蜜。通常，这些巢穴都在高高的树上，很难找到它们)”可知，野蜜蜂的巢都在很高的树上，不易被人找到。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”及划线词前“So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.(所以，当它找到一个合适的巢穴时，它会寻找别人来帮助它。蜂蜜向导发出一声响亮的叫声，吸引了路过的动物和人的注意。一旦引起了它们的注意，它就会飞过森林，时不时地等着这些好奇的动物或人把它们带到蜂巢那里)”和后面“reaches in to get at the delicious honey(伸手去够美味的蜂蜜)”可知，本段主要讲述寻找蜂蜜的人和动物如何通过这种鸟找到蜂巢的过程，小鸟找到蜂巢就会吸引人或动物跟着它，到了蜂巢那里，跟着它的人或动物去把蜂蜜拿出来。由此推测，the follower指的是寻找蜂蜜的人或动物。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”中的形容词strange and unexpected可知，这种鸟很奇特，结合第二段内容可推测，这种鸟的奇特之处是它找到食物的方法很特别，找到蜂巢，去找人类或其他动物来吃蜂蜜，它捡拾掉落的蜂蜡吃。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”并综合全文可知，本文主要介绍这种奇怪的小鸟，它可以帮助想吃蜂蜜的人或动物找到野蜂巢。故选D项。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 honey guide n. 蜂蜜向导 wax n. 蜂蜡 beehive n. 蜂房 attract v. 吸引 determined adj. 坚决的，坚定的 长难句分析 原句：The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives. 译文：蜂蜜向导实际上并不喜欢蜂蜜，但它确实喜欢蜂房里的蜂蜡。 分析：本句是由 but 连接的并列句。前一个分句 “The honey guide does not actually like honey” 为否定句，后一个分句 “it does like the wax in the beehives” 为肯定句，其中 “does” 为助动词，用于强调谓语动词 like。 中文翻译 非洲森林里的蜂蜜不仅是一种天然糖，而且味道鲜美。大多数人，还有许多动物，都喜欢吃它。然而，他们得到蜂蜜的唯一方法就是找到一个野蜜蜂的巢，然后从里面取蜂蜜。通常，这些巢穴都在高高的树上，很难找到它们。然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手 —— 一种被称为 “蜂蜜向导” 的小鸟。 蜂蜜向导实际上并不喜欢蜂蜜，但它确实喜欢蜂房里的蜂蜡。这只小鸟无法够到蜂蜡，因为蜂蜡在蜂巢的深处。所以，当它找到一个合适的巢穴时，它会寻找别人来帮助它。蜂蜜向导发出一声响亮的叫声，吸引了路过的动物和人的注意。一旦引起了它们的注意，它就会飞过森林，时不时地等着这些好奇的动物或人把它们带到蜂巢那里。当它们最终到达蜂巢时，跟随者伸手去够美味的蜂蜜，而这只鸟则耐心地等待和观察。一些蜂蜜和蜂蜡总会掉到地上，这时蜂蜜向导就会得到它的那份。 科学家们不知道为什么蜂蜜向导喜欢吃蜂蜡，但它在获取蜂蜡的努力中非常坚定。这些鸟似乎能从很远的地方闻到蜂蜡的味道。每当养蜂人从蜂箱里取蜂蜜时，它们就会很快到达，甚至当蜂蜡蜡烛被点燃时，它们会进入教堂。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$