内容正文:
Unit 11 Rules Matter
Lesson 5 Grammar in Use
过课本
一、词汇归纳
1. 核心词汇
must(必须) mustn’t(禁止) should(应该) shouldn’t(不应该)
2. 行为与状态词汇
respect(尊重) care for(照顾)play with fire(玩火)speak loudly(大声说话)break the law(违法)
二、短语归纳
1. 反身代词短语
by oneself(独自地) 例:make dinner by myself(自己做晚饭)
teach oneself(自学) 例:teach herself French(自学法语)
enjoy oneself(玩得开心) 例:enjoy themselves(他们玩得开心)
learn by oneself(自学) 例:learn the rules by ourselves(我们自学规则)
2. 情态动词短语
must look at both sides(必须看两边) mustn’t run on the streets(禁止在街上跑)
shouldn’t put out of the window(不应往窗外伸) should keep quiet(应该保持安静)
三、句型归纳
1. 反身代词用法
主语 + 动词 + 反身代词
(表示 “自己做某事” 或强调主语本身)
例:
Xiao Fang teaches herself French.(小芳自学法语。)
The car can drive itself.(汽车可以自动驾驶。)
主语 + 动词 + 名词 + by oneself
(表示 “独自完成某事”)
例:I have to make dinner by myself.(我必须自己做晚饭。)
反身代词作宾语 / 同位语
例:
Tell yourself to be careful.(告诉自己要小心。)
We should wash clothes by ourselves.(我们应该自己洗衣服。)
2. 情态动词(must/should)用法
Must 表必须(强令要求)
肯定句:Must + 动词原形
例:We must look at both sides before crossing the road.(过马路前必须看两边。)
否定句:Mustn’t + 动词原形(禁止)
例:You mustn’t play with fire.(禁止玩火。)
Should 表建议(应该)
肯定句:Should + 动词原形
例:We should respect the old.(我们应该尊老。)
否定句:Shouldn’t + 动词原形(不应)
例:We shouldn’t speak loudly in the museum.(不应在博物馆大声说话。)
情态动词的逻辑表达
原因:because + 情态动词短语
例:Drivers must obey rules because they keep people safe.(司机必须遵守规则,因为规则保障安全。)
四、语法表格归纳
1. 反身代词构成表
人称代词
单数
复数
I
myself
ourselves
you
yourself
yourselves
she
herself
——
he
himself
——
it
itself
——
they
——
themselves
2. 情态动词用法对比表
语气
肯定式
否定式
例句
必须
must
mustn’t(禁止)
We must follow traffic rules.
You mustn’t break the law.
应该
should
shouldn’t(不应)
We should keep quiet in class.
You shouldn’t drive too fast.
五、场景表达
交通规则:
We must wait for the green light.(必须等绿灯。)
We mustn’t run across the street.(禁止横穿马路。)
公共场合:
We should keep order in the library.(应在图书馆保持秩序。)
We shouldn’t make noise in the hospital.(不应在医院喧哗。)
家庭规则:
We must respect family members.(必须尊重家人。)
We should help with housework.(应该帮忙做家务。)
基础练
一、英汉互译
1. Respect yourself and others will respect you.
→ _______________,他人也会尊重你。
2. The driver hurt himself by not following traffic rules.
→ 司机因不遵守交通规则_______________。
3.We must keep our classroom environment tidy.
→ 我们必须保持_______________整洁。
4. 他们自己完成了科学实验。
→ They finished the science experiment ________________.
5. 我们应该把自行车停在指定区域。
→ We ________________ park bicycles in designated areas.
二、适当形式填空
1.We should learn to solve problems by ___________(we).
2. This is ____________ (they) classroom. Look how tidy it is!
3. The teacher praised(表扬) ____________ (we) for following the rules.
4. Mom told me, "Protect ____________ (you)when crossing the road."
5. Please pass ____________ (he) the safety helmet(头盔).
6. The robot can repair ____________(it) automatically(自动地).
三、用 should 或 shouldn't 填空
1. You ____________ push(推) others when waiting in line.
2. Drivers ____________ check cars before driving.
3. We ____________ leave litter in public parks.
4. Students ____________ raise hands before speaking in class.
5. People ____________ park cars in front of fire exits.
6. You ____________ help the old cross the road.
7. We ____________ make loud noise in the library.
8. Cyclists ____________ wear helmets for protection.
9. You ____________ pay attention to traffic lights.
10. Everyone ____________ wash hands before meals.
四、句子翻译
1. 我们必须自己完成作业。
→ We must ________________________.
2. 你们不准在大街上跑。
→ You ________________________.
3. 交通警察告诉我们不要把头或手伸出车窗外。
→ The traffic police told us __________our heads _________________ the _______________.
4. 过马路前,我们必须两边都要看看。
→ Before_______________, we ________________________.
5. 当你独自在家时,不要给陌生人开门。
→ When you __________________, don’t______________________________.
【参考答案】
一、英汉互译
1. 尊重自己 2. 弄伤了自己 3. 教室环境 4. by themselves 5. should
二、适当形式填空
1. ourselves 2. their 3. us 4. yourself 5. him 6. itself
三、用 should 或 shouldn't 填空
1. shouldn't 2. should 3. shouldn't 4. should 5. shouldn't
6. should 7. shouldn't 8. should 9. should 10. should
四、句子翻译
1. finish our homework by ourselves
2. mustn't run in the street
3. not to put; or hands out of; car windows
4. crossing the road; must look both sides/ways
5. are at home alone; open the door for strangers
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