内容正文:
衔接点11 句子成分及句子类型(初高衔接点及差异)
初中阶段
高中阶段
初中简单学习英语句子的成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类及S+V(主+谓)、S+V+O (主+谓+宾)、S+V+C (主+系+表)、S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)、S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)、S+V+O+A (主+谓+宾+状)基本句型
高中学习的句子主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V(主+谓)、S+V+O (主+谓+宾)、S+V+C (主+系+表)、S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)、S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)、S+V+O+A (主+谓+宾+状)基本句型在各种题型中的应用。
衔接指引
初中阶段考查形式:侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用,多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。
高中阶段考查形式:注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解,更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。
【初中句子成分及基本句型考点聚焦】
一. 英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。
(1)主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。
He is a student. 他是一名学生。(代词he作主语)
(2)谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。由动词或动词短语充当。
She loves cats. 她喜爱猫。(动词love作谓语)
(3)宾语:指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。一般由名词或代词充当。
We speak Chinese. 我们讲汉语。(名词Chinese作宾语)
(4)定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。主 要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。
I like light music. 我喜欢轻音乐。(形容词light作定语)
(5)补语:主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。
He will buy me a gift. 他将给我买份礼物。(a gift作宾语me的补语)
(6)状语:说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。一般由副词或状语从句充当。
He is watching TV at home. 他在家看电视。(at home作状语指明动作发生的地点)
(7)表语:说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态,位于系动词后面。由名词、形容词等充当。
My father is a writer. 我父亲是一名作家。(a writer作表语)
二. 六种基本句型
基本句型
例 句
1
S+V(主+谓)
Class begins. 开始上课了。
2
S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
He plays the piano. 他弹钢琴。
3
S+V+C (主+系+表)
We are students. 我们是学生。
4
S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
She gave me a pen. 她给了我一支钢笔。
5
S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
He made the boy laugh. 他让那个男孩笑了。
6
S+V+O+A (主+谓+宾+状)
I am playing the piano at home. 我正在家里弹钢琴。
【高中句子成分及句子类型考点聚焦】
课标解读
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V(主+谓)、S+V+O (主+谓+宾)、S+V+C (主+系+表)、S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)、S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)、S+V+O+A (主+谓+宾+状)基本句型在各种题型中的应用。
考点清单
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(2) 主语:
用法:一般位于句首,是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(3) 谓语:
用法:常位于主语之后,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”,总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:
用法:位于系动词之后,说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:用法:位于及物动词之后,表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six? (时间状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
二.简单句的基本句型
句型① S+V→主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语)
用法:在此句型中,“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点、时间等,可以有状语来修饰。
Class .开始上课。 begin为不及物动词,后面不能带宾语
His father abroad.他父亲出国了。 状语abroad修饰动词
Jim in the park.吉姆在公园里跑步。 in the park作地点状语
We to have a rest.我们停下来休息。 to have a rest作目的状语
提示:一些动词既可以作不及物动词,也可以作及物动词。
They are on the playground.他们在操场上玩。 play为不及物动词
They’re football.他们在踢足球。 play为及物动词
句型② S+V+O→主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
用法:在此句型中,谓语动词是及物动词,其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语等来充当。
She English.她喜欢英语。 名词作宾语
He writing.他停下笔。 动词-ing形式作宾语
They to go.他们想走。 不定式作宾语
She what to do next.她知道下一步做什么。 “疑问词+不定式”作宾语
提示:有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词,后面就可以加宾语了。例如,在句子You must me.(你必须听我的。)中,listen是不及物动词,但在加上to之后,listen to相当于一个及物动词,其后可以跟宾语me。
句型③ S+V+P→主语+系动词+表语(+状语)
用法:be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词,后面必须接表语,才能用来说明主语,表示“……是……”,“……变成……”等意思。表语通常由名词、副词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式等充当。
He a scientist.他成了一名科学家。 名词作表语
My sister out now.我姐姐现在出去了。 副词作表语
They honest.他们是诚实的。 形容词作表语
提示:在英语中,除了be动词和become属于系动词外,还有一些行为动词,当它们表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括:
appear出现 come成为 feel摸起来
get变得 go变得 grow变得
keep保持 look看起来 seem看起来
smell闻起来 sound听起来 taste尝起来
Children wiser as they grow.孩子们随着年龄的增长会变聪明。
The Lijiang River especially beautiful in the early morning.清晨,漓江看起来格外美丽。
Dinner good.饭菜闻起来很香啊。
His voice strange on the phone.他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。
I like this kind of cake.It delicious very much.我喜欢这种蛋糕,它尝起来十分美味。
句型④ S+V+IO+DO→主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
用法:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语,二者合称双宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象;间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或物,也就是说,间接宾语是指动作是对谁做的,或是为谁做的,所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当间接宾语。
I bought John .我给约翰买了生日礼物。
名词John是间接宾语,a birthday present是直接宾语
Please tell me .请告诉我你的电话号码。
宾格代词me是间接宾语,your telephone number是直接宾语
句型⑤ S+V+O+OC→主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语)
用法:在某些及物动词的后面,需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语等都可以作宾语补足语。
I will make captain.我将让你当船长。
The manager asked to leave.经理要阿曼达离开。
Yesterday I had taken with two Americans.昨天我和两个美国人一起照了相。
His speech left in a very difficult position.他的话使总统处于艰难境地。
一、指出划线部分充当的成分
1.The change won’t make you disappointed. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分)
A.谓语 B.主语 C.宾补 D.直接宾语
2.Our English teacher recommended us a reference book whose content was detailed and well-organized. 请判断划线部分的句子成分:________
A.object (宾语) B.attributive (定语) C.adverbial (状语) D.complement (补语)
3.The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones.下划线部分是 成分.
A.状语 B.表语 C.间接宾语 D.宾语补足语
4.The organizers plan to improve the robots and open the cafe often to support job creation for people with disabilities.
划线部分在句中充当________
A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语
5.Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities.
划线部分在句中充当________
A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语
6.I found him ashamed when I asked him the question. What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? ______
A.Subject (主语). B.Object (宾语).
C.Predictive (表语). D.Object complement (宾语补足语).
7.The report sounds interesting.
A.object B.subject C.complement D.predicative
8.There is always something excited to do.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语
9.It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语
10.Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语
11.Her mom bought her a pet dog as a birthday present.
A.宾补 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.表语
12.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.表语
13.The first week was a little confusing.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.谓语 D.表语
14.Jack offered me some helpful advice.
A.indirect object B.direct object C.adverbial D.attributive
15.The meeting held yesterday was important.
A.verb B.object C.attributive D.adverbial
二、句子结构分析
1.Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
A.主谓宾妆 B.主系表状 C.主谓宾宾补 D.状主系表
2.The first group, the Romans, came in the first century.
A.主系表状
B.主谓宾宾补
C.主谓宾状
D.主同位语谓状
3.The boss offered me a job.(判断句子结构)
A.SP(主语+系表结构) B.SVIODO(主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
C.SVO(主语+谓语+宾语) D.SVOC(主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
4.He noticed a man enter the room.(判断句子结构)
A.SP(主语+系表结构) B.SVOC(主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
C.SVA(主语+谓语动词+状语) D.SVIODO(主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
5.What is the main structure of the sentence “The weather has turned cold”?
A.S+VP(主语+系动词+表语)
B.S+V+O(主语+谓语动词+宾语)
C.S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补)
D.S+V+IO+DO(主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语)
6.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. ______ (分析句子成分)
A.S+V+O B.S+V+DO+IO C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
7.The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of _____.
A.Subject + Predicate + Object
B.Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative
C.Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object
D.Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement
8.“He became a teacher of English.” The structure of this sentence is “______”.
A.主+谓+宾 B.主+系+表 C.主+谓+间宾+直宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补
9.“I found myself in a strange place. ” The structure of this sentence is “______”.
A.主+谓+宾 B.主+系+表 C.主+谓+间宾+直宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补
10.“The professor gave us an exciting lecture.” The structure of this sentence is “______”.
A.主+谓+宾 B.主+系+表 C.主+谓+间宾+直宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补
11.The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+O+A C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+A
12.We had our chemistry class in the science lab.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+O+C C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+A
13.I found most of my classmates friendly and helpful.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+O+C C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+A
14.Doing homework seems more fun when you are at sea.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V D.S+V+A
15. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+A
一、完成句子
1.The apples (尝起来甜). (SP)
2.My dream (是成为一名设计师).(SP)
3.In order to keep healthy, (我们应该定期锻炼). (主语+谓语)
4.Tom (给我买了生日礼物) . (SVIODO)
5.We believe that he is honest. (用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子)
6.积极的态度让我们愉悦和健康。(make+宾语+宾补)
A positive attitude .
7.(他的爸爸给他买了一本字典) as a present. (S+V+InO+DO)
8.Every morning we can hear him (大声朗读英语).(SVOC)
9.We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. (用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子)
10.他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语)
He always .
11.这药能保证你睡一夜好觉。(简单句)
This medicine .
12.Speak louder, ? (将句子补充完整,使其成为一个反义疑问句)
13.多亏了这次比赛和我朋友的帮助,我现在在舞台上感觉很放松,说话时也很自信。(并列句结构)
Thanks to the contest and the help of my friend, I now .
14.多努力一些, 我相信你会实现你的梦想的。(祈使句)
, and I believe you will realize your dream.
15.这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!(感叹句)
story it is!
二、阅读理解
What do you do when you feel unhappy? Do you listen to music? Do you talk to a friend?
Maybe next time you feel sad, you should try going outside if it is sunny. Doctors know that how much sunlight we get can change how we feel. Scientists learned this by interviewing people who live in different parts of the world. In the far north, in Alaska or Finland, for example, the days are very short in the winter. People living in these places say that they often feel unhappy in the winter. In the south, where there are more daylight hours, fewer people say they are unhappy in the winter. The reason is the amount (数量) of sunlight these people get each day. Sunlight changes the chemicals (化学物) in our bodies, and these chemicals can change the way we feel. A couple of hours of strong sunlight or light from a special lamp can help your body make the chemicals that make us feel happy.
Another way to feel happier is to get some exercise. Just like sunlight, regular exercise helps our bodies make certain chemicals, which make us feel happier. In addition, exercise helps people sleep better and lack of sleep often makes people feel unhappy. Exercise also helps you get rid of stress. When you are angry or upset about something, exercise is a good way to get those bad feelings out of you.
1.Why do people in the far north feel unhappy more often than people in the south?
A.Because they can’t go outside. B.Because they get less sunlight.
C.Because the weather is too cold. D.Because the summer is too short.
2.How can sunlight change the way you feel?
A.On a sunny day, you can play outside.
B.Sunlight makes you less tired.
C.Sunlight increases your body temperature.
D.Sunlight helps your body make certain chemicals.
3.________ will not make you feel happier according to the passage.
A.Eating more. B.Exercising more.
C.Getting more sleep. D.Getting more sunlight.
4.What is the best title for this passage?
A.Why Is Sunlight Good for You? B.How Can Exercise Help You?
C.Ways to Feel Happier D.Functions of Exercising More
重难词汇词块清单
词汇 / 词块
词性
中文释义
sunlight
n.
阳光
chemical
n.
化学物质
regular exercise
n.
定期锻炼
lack of sleep
n.
睡眠不足
get rid of stress
v.
摆脱压力
长难句分析
原句:Sunlight changes the chemicals in our bodies, and these chemicals can change the way we feel.
译文:阳光会改变我们体内的化学物质,而这些化学物质能够改变我们的情绪。
分析:本句是由 and 连接的并列句。前一个分句 “Sunlight changes the chemicals in our bodies” 为简单句,后一个分句 “these chemicals can change the way we feel” 中,“we feel” 为省略了 that 的定语从句,修饰先行词 the way,在从句中作方式状语。
中文翻译
当你感到不开心时,你会做什么?你会听音乐吗?你会和朋友聊天吗?
也许下次你感到难过的时候,如果是晴天,你应该试试出去走走。医生知道我们获得的阳光量可以改变我们的情绪。科学家通过采访生活在世界不同地区的人了解到这一点。例如,在遥远的北方,如阿拉斯加或芬兰,冬季的白天非常短。生活在这些地方的人说,他们冬天常常感到不开心。而在南方,日照时间更长,说自己在冬天不开心的人则较少。原因是这些人每天接受到的阳光照射量不同。阳光会改变我们体内的化学物质,而这些化学物质能够改变我们的情绪。几个小时的强烈阳光照射,或者使用特殊灯具发出的光线,可以帮助你的身体产生让我们感到快乐的化学物质。
另一种让自己更快乐的方法是做一些运动。就像阳光一样,定期锻炼可以帮助我们的身体产生某些化学物质,使我们感到更快乐。此外,运动有助于改善睡眠质量,而睡眠不足往往会让人感到不快乐。运动还可以帮助你摆脱压力。当你对某件事感到愤怒或沮丧时,运动是释放这些不良情绪的好方法。
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衔接点11 句子成分及句子类型(初高衔接点及差异)
初中阶段
高中阶段
初中简单学习英语句子的成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类及S+V(主+谓)、S+V+O (主+谓+宾)、S+V+C (主+系+表)、S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)、S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)、S+V+O+A (主+谓+宾+状)基本句型
高中学习的句子主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V(主+谓)、S+V+O (主+谓+宾)、S+V+C (主+系+表)、S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)、S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)、S+V+O+A (主+谓+宾+状)基本句型在各种题型中的应用。
衔接指引
初中阶段考查形式:侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用,多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。
高中阶段考查形式:注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解,更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。
【初中句子成分及基本句型考点聚焦】
一. 英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。
(1)主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。
He is a student. 他是一名学生。(代词he作主语)
(2)谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。由动词或动词短语充当。
She loves cats. 她喜爱猫。(动词love作谓语)
(3)宾语:指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。一般由名词或代词充当。
We speak Chinese. 我们讲汉语。(名词Chinese作宾语)
(4)定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。主 要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。
I like light music. 我喜欢轻音乐。(形容词light作定语)
(5)补语:主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。
He will buy me a gift. 他将给我买份礼物。(a gift作宾语me的补语)
(6)状语:说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。一般由副词或状语从句充当。
He is watching TV at home. 他在家看电视。(at home作状语指明动作发生的地点)
(7)表语:说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态,位于系动词后面。由名词、形容词等充当。
My father is a writer. 我父亲是一名作家。(a writer作表语)
二. 六种基本句型
基本句型
例 句
1
S+V(主+谓)
Class begins. 开始上课了。
2
S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
He plays the piano. 他弹钢琴。
3
S+V+C (主+系+表)
We are students. 我们是学生。
4
S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
She gave me a pen. 她给了我一支钢笔。
5
S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
He made the boy laugh. 他让那个男孩笑了。
6
S+V+O+A (主+谓+宾+状)
I am playing the piano at home. 我正在家里弹钢琴。
【高中句子成分及句子类型考点聚焦】
课标解读
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V(主+谓)、S+V+O (主+谓+宾)、S+V+C (主+系+表)、S+V+IO+DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)、S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)、S+V+O+A (主+谓+宾+状)基本句型在各种题型中的应用。
考点清单
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(2) 主语:
用法:一般位于句首,是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(3) 谓语:
用法:常位于主语之后,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”,总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:
用法:位于系动词之后,说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:用法:位于及物动词之后,表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six? (时间状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
二.简单句的基本句型
句型① S+V→主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语)
用法:在此句型中,“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点、时间等,可以有状语来修饰。
Class begins.开始上课。 begin为不及物动词,后面不能带宾语
His father has gone abroad.他父亲出国了。 状语abroad修饰动词
Jim runs in the park.吉姆在公园里跑步。 in the park作地点状语
We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息。 to have a rest作目的状语
提示:一些动词既可以作不及物动词,也可以作及物动词。
They are playing on the playground.他们在操场上玩。 play为不及物动词
They’re playing football.他们在踢足球。 play为及物动词
句型② S+V+O→主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
用法:在此句型中,谓语动词是及物动词,其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语等来充当。
She likes English.她喜欢英语。 名词作宾语
He stopped writing.他停下笔。 动词-ing形式作宾语
They want to go.他们想走。 不定式作宾语
She knows what to do next.她知道下一步做什么。 “疑问词+不定式”作宾语
提示:有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词,后面就可以加宾语了。例如,在句子You must listen to me.(你必须听我的。)中,listen是不及物动词,但在加上to之后,listen to相当于一个及物动词,其后可以跟宾语me。
句型③ S+V+P→主语+系动词+表语(+状语)
用法:be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词,后面必须接表语,才能用来说明主语,表示“……是……”,“……变成……”等意思。表语通常由名词、副词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式等充当。
He became a scientist.他成了一名科学家。 名词作表语
My sister is out now.我姐姐现在出去了。 副词作表语
They are honest.他们是诚实的。 形容词作表语
提示:在英语中,除了be动词和become属于系动词外,还有一些行为动词,当它们表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括:
appear出现 come成为 feel摸起来
get变得 go变得 grow变得
keep保持 look看起来 seem看起来
smell闻起来 sound听起来 taste尝起来
Children grow wiser as they grow.孩子们随着年龄的增长会变聪明。
The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning.清晨,漓江看起来格外美丽。
Dinner smells good.饭菜闻起来很香啊。
His voice sounded strange on the phone.他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。
I like this kind of cake.It tastes delicious very much.我喜欢这种蛋糕,它尝起来十分美味。
句型④ S+V+IO+DO→主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
用法:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语,二者合称双宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象;间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或物,也就是说,间接宾语是指动作是对谁做的,或是为谁做的,所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当间接宾语。
I bought John a birthday present.我给约翰买了生日礼物。
名词John是间接宾语,a birthday present是直接宾语
Please tell me your telephone number.请告诉我你的电话号码。
宾格代词me是间接宾语,your telephone number是直接宾语
句型⑤ S+V+O+OC→主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语)
用法:在某些及物动词的后面,需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语等都可以作宾语补足语。
I will make you captain.我将让你当船长。
The manager asked Amanda to leave.经理要阿曼达离开。
Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.昨天我和两个美国人一起照了相。
His speech left the President in a very difficult position.他的话使总统处于艰难境地。
一、指出划线部分充当的成分
1.The change won’t make you disappointed. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分)
A.谓语 B.主语 C.宾补 D.直接宾语
【答案】C
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:这种变化不会让你失望的。分析句子可知,The change为主语;won’t make为谓语;you为宾语;disappointed为形容词作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语you的状态。故选C项。
2.Our English teacher recommended us a reference book whose content was detailed and well-organized. 请判断划线部分的句子成分:________
A.object (宾语) B.attributive (定语) C.adverbial (状语) D.complement (补语)
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:我们的英语老师给我们推荐了一本参考书,内容详细,组织有序。划线部分是whose引导的定语从句,修饰名词book。故选B。
3.The school adviser helped me choose the appropriate ones.下划线部分是 成分.
A.状语 B.表语 C.间接宾语 D.宾语补足语
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:学校顾问帮我选择了合适的。分析句子结构可知,“The school adviser”是主语,“helped”是谓语,“me”是宾语,“choose the appropriate ones”是宾语补足语。故选D项。
4.The organizers plan to improve the robots and open the cafe often to support job creation for people with disabilities.
划线部分在句中充当________
A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语
【答案】A
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:组织者计划改进机器人,并经常开放这家咖啡馆,以支持残疾人的就业。本句主语为The organizers,谓语为plan,宾语为to improve 。故选A。
5.Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities.
划线部分在句中充当________
A.宾语 B.表语 C.状语 D.宾语补足语
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子成份。句意:通过这些活动,我们教导学生公民参与的重要性,并使学生参与改善社区的活动变得有趣。分析句子的结构可知,设空处为“make+宾语+宾补”的结构,其中 it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为动词不定式to be involved in bettering their communities,fun为宾语补足语,故选D。
6.I found him ashamed when I asked him the question. What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? ______
A.Subject (主语). B.Object (宾语).
C.Predictive (表语). D.Object complement (宾语补足语).
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:当我问他这个问题时,我发现他很惭愧。句子中下划线的句子元素是什么?I是主语,found是谓语,him是宾语,ashamed是宾语补足语,故选D。
7.The report sounds interesting.
A.object B.subject C.complement D.predicative
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:这份报告听起来很有趣。分析句子结构可知,句中The report为主语,sounds为系动词,interesting为表语。故选D。
8.There is always something excited to do.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语
【答案】A
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:总有令人兴奋的事情要做。本句用there be句型,something“某事”为句子的主语。故选A。
9.It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语
【答案】A
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:你们这一代的青少年被电脑游戏吸引并不罕见。分析句子可知,这里考查固定句型it is adj. for sb to do sth,表“做某事对于某人来说是...”,本句中it作形式主语,而不定式to be attracted to computer games为逻辑主语。故选A项。
10.Spending too much time online makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.状语
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:过多的在线时间使得专注于生活中的其他事情变得非常困难。it为形式宾语,to focus on other things in life为真正的宾语。故选B。
11.Her mom bought her a pet dog as a birthday present.
A.宾补 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.表语
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:她妈妈给她买了一只宠物狗作为生日礼物。分析句子可知,本句中her为间接宾语,而a pet dog为直接宾语。故选B项。
12.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.宾补 D.表语
【答案】C
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好,乐于助人。分析句子可知,friendly and helpful为形容词短语,在本句中作宾补,对宾语most of my classmates and teachers进行补充说明。故选C项。
13.The first week was a little confusing.
A.主语 B.宾语 C.谓语 D.表语
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:第一个星期有点令人困惑。confusing“令人困惑的”位于系动词was后,为表语。故选D。
14.Jack offered me some helpful advice.
A.indirect object B.direct object C.adverbial D.attributive
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:杰克给了我一些有用的建议。A.indirect object间接宾语; B.direct object直接宾语;C. adverbial状语;D.attributive定语。本句主语为Jack,谓语为offered,间接宾语为me,指的是接受建议的人,所以划线部分为直接宾语,这是offered的对象,即被提供的具体内容。故选B。
15.The meeting held yesterday was important.
A.verb B.object C.attributive D.adverbial
【答案】C
【详解】考查句子的基本结构与过去分词。句意:昨天举行的会议很重要。分析句子结构可知,主语为The meeting,谓语动词为系动词was,important为表语;held yesterday位于名词之后,修饰名词,所以为定语。故选C。
二、句子结构分析
1.Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
A.主谓宾妆 B.主系表状 C.主谓宾宾补 D.状主系表
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:她的下一个目标是建立一个慈善网站,为贫困国家的儿童筹集资金。分析句子可知,“Her next goal”作主语,“is”为系动词,“to start a charity website”作表语,“to raise money for children in poor countries”作目的状语,故句子为“主系表状”结构。故选B项。
2.The first group, the Romans, came in the first century.
A.主系表状
B.主谓宾宾补
C.主谓宾状
D.主同位语谓状
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:第一批人,罗马人,在公元一世纪来到这里。分析句子可知,“The first group”作主语,“the Romans”作同位语,对“The first group”进行解释说明,“came”作谓语,“in the first century”作时间状语,故句子为“主同位语谓状”结构。故选D项。
3.The boss offered me a job.(判断句子结构)
A.SP(主语+系表结构) B.SVIODO(主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
C.SVO(主语+谓语+宾语) D.SVOC(主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:老板给了我一份工作。主语为The boss;offered为谓语动词;me为间接宾语,a job为直接宾语,故为SVIODO。故选B。
4.He noticed a man enter the room.(判断句子结构)
A.SP(主语+系表结构) B.SVOC(主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
C.SVA(主语+谓语动词+状语) D.SVIODO(主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:他注意到一个人进了房间。主语为He;noticed为谓语动词;a man为宾语;enter the room为宾语补足语。故为SVOC。故选B。
5.What is the main structure of the sentence “The weather has turned cold”?
A.S+VP(主语+系动词+表语)
B.S+V+O(主语+谓语动词+宾语)
C.S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补)
D.S+V+IO+DO(主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语)
【答案】A
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:句子“The weather has turned cold”的主要结构是什么?the weather是主语,has turned是谓语动词,turn是系动词,cold作表语,所以该句子结构是主语+系动词+表语,故选A。
6.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. ______ (分析句子成分)
A.S+V+O B.S+V+DO+IO C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好和乐于助人。在该句中,I意为“我”为代词,作主语(S);found意为“发现”为动词,作谓语(V);most of my classmates and teachers为名词短语,意为“我的大多数同学和老师”作found的宾语(O);friendly and helpful为形容词短语,意为“友好而乐于助人”作宾补(C),综上分析,该句的结构为“S+V+O+C”。故选D项。
7.The sentence “He gave his sister a toy.” belongs to the structure of _____.
A.Subject + Predicate + Object
B.Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative
C.Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object
D.Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement
【答案】C
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:他给了妹妹一个玩具。在这个句子里,“He”是主语;“gave”是谓语动词;“his sister”是间接宾语;“a toy”是直接宾语。所以该句是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构。故选C项。
8.“He became a teacher of English.” The structure of this sentence is “______”.
A.主+谓+宾 B.主+系+表 C.主+谓+间宾+直宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:“他成了一名英语教师。”这个句子的结构是“主+系+表”。He是主语;became是系动词;a teacher of English是表语。所以,该句子是“主+系+表”结构。故选B项。
9.“I found myself in a strange place. ” The structure of this sentence is “______”.
A.主+谓+宾 B.主+系+表 C.主+谓+间宾+直宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子成分。句意:我发现自己身处一个陌生的地方。分析句子可知,该句为主+谓+宾+宾补的句型,主语为I;谓语为found;宾语为myself;介词短语in a strange place为宾语补足语。故选D项。
10.“The professor gave us an exciting lecture.” The structure of this sentence is “______”.
A.主+谓+宾 B.主+系+表 C.主+谓+间宾+直宾 D.主+谓+宾+宾补
【答案】C
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:“教授给我们上了一场激动人心的课。”这个句子的结构是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”。The professor是主语,gave是谓语,后面接双宾语,其中us是间接宾语,an exciting lecture是直接宾语,故选C。
11.The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+O+A C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+A
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:这所有百年历史的学校位于市中心。The 100-year-old school是主语(S),lies是谓语(V),in the center of the city是地点状语(A)。所以这是一个“主语+谓语+状语”的结构,即S + V + A。故选D。
12.We had our chemistry class in the science lab.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+O+C C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+O+A
【答案】D
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:我们在科学实验室上化学课。A. S+V+O主+谓+宾;B. S+V+O+C主+谓+宾+宾补;C. S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾补;D. S+V+O+A主+谓+宾+状。分析句子可知,“We”是主语,“had”是谓语,“our chemistry class”是宾语,“in the science lab”是状语。故选D项。
13.I found most of my classmates friendly and helpful.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+O+C C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+A
【答案】B
【详解】考查基本句型。句意:我发现我的大多数同学都很友好和乐于助人。分析句子结构可知,“I”作主语,“found”作谓语,“most of my classmates”作宾语,“friendly and helpful”作宾语补足语,所以本句是S+V+O+C结构。故选B项。
14.Doing homework seems more fun when you are at sea.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V D.S+V+A
【答案】B
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:当你在海上时,做作业似乎更有趣。划线部分Doing homework是主语(S),seems是系动词(V),more fun是表语(P),所以这是一个“主语+系动词+表语”的结构,即S + V + P。故选B。
15. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+A
【答案】C
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:蒂姆每周给他的父母写一封电子邮件,告诉他们船上发生的事情。划线部分Tim是主语(S),writes是谓语(V),his parents是间接宾语,an email是直接宾语。所以划线部分结构属于“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”,即 S + V + IO + DO。故选C。
一、完成句子
1.The apples (尝起来甜). (SP)
【答案】taste sweet
【详解】考查主系表结构。句意:苹果尝起来很甜。根据句意,该句为主系表结构,一般现在时,表示客观事实,主语是“The apples”,谓语动词为系动词taste,表示“尝起来”,用复数形式,sweet为形容词,表示“甜”,作表语,故全句译为The apples taste sweet。故填taste sweet。
2.My dream (是成为一名设计师).(SP)
【答案】is to become a designer
【详解】考查主系表结构和动词不定式。句意:我的梦想是成为一名设计师。根据句意,该句为主系表结构,谓语为be动词,应用一般现在时,表示客观事实,主语是“My dream”,故谓语为is;“设计师”的英文表达为名词designer,“成为一名设计师”to become a designer,在句中作表语,故全句译为My dream is to become a designer.。故填is to become a designer。
3.In order to keep healthy, (我们应该定期锻炼). (主语+谓语)
【答案】we should exercise regularly
【详解】考查动词。表示“我们”应用we,作主语;表示“应该”应用should;表示“锻炼”应用exercise,位于情态动词后面,使用动词原形,作谓语;表示“定期”应用副词regularly作状语。故填we should exercise regularly。
4.Tom (给我买了生日礼物) . (SVIODO)
【答案】bought me a birthday gift
【详解】考查动词、时态和句子结构。句意:汤姆给我买了生日礼物。buy sb. sth. (给某人买某物),谓语“买”用动词buy,讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态bought,间接宾语“我”用宾格人称代词me,直接宾语“生日礼物”用名词词组a birthday gift,构成“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”句型,符合提示中SVIODO结构。故填bought me a birthday gift。
5.We believe that he is honest. (用"believe+宾语+宾补"结构改写句子)
【答案】We believe him to be honest.
【详解】分析原句可知,believe后是that引导的宾语从句,将句子转换为"believe+宾语+宾补"结构,其中“宾语”是him,honest做him的补足语,故改为We believe him to be honest.
6.积极的态度让我们愉悦和健康。(make+宾语+宾补)
A positive attitude .
【答案】makes us happy and healthy
【详解】考查动词+复合宾语。本句描述一般规律,用一般现在时。用“make+宾语+宾补”表示“让我们愉悦和健康”为make us happy and healthy,us为宾语,并列的形容词happy and healthy为宾语补足语。主语为单数,主谓一致。故填makes us happy and healthy。
7.(他的爸爸给他买了一本字典) as a present. (S+V+InO+DO)
【答案】His father bought him a dictionary
【详解】考查句子结构。句意:他父亲给他买了一本字典作为礼物。表示主语“他的爸爸”为his father,表示“给他买了一本字典”为动词短语buy him a dictionary,buy+双宾语,him是间接宾语,a dictionary为直接宾语。根据句意可知,本句描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填His father bought him a dictionary。
8.Every morning we can hear him (大声朗读英语).(SVOC)
【答案】reading English loudly
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。动词短语read English loudly表示“大声朗读英语”,在句中作宾补,与“him”为主动关系,表示正在进行的动作,应用现在分词形式。故填reading English loudly。
9.We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. (用"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构改写句子)
【答案】We find it important to learn a foreign language well.
【详解】分析原句可知,find后是that引导的宾语从句,将句子转换为"find + 宾语 + 宾补"结构,其中“宾语”是形式宾语,用it,important做宾补,说明宾语的性质或状态,句子真正的宾语是to learn a foreign language well。故改为We find it important to learn a foreign language well.
10.他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语)
He always .
【答案】keeps his bedroom clean.
【详解】考查简单句基本结构“主谓宾宾补”。分析句子结构可知,该句可使用“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”。根据汉语提示,“让……保持干净”可译为keep sth clean,该短语中,clean作宾补,根据句意,“他的卧室”可译为his bedroom,分析语境可知,该句用一般现在
时态,主语为he,故谓语动词(keep)应用第三人称单数形式,即keeps,故该句可填keeps his bedroom clean。
11.这药能保证你睡一夜好觉。(简单句)
This medicine .
【答案】will ensure you a good night’s sleep
【详解】考查时态。根据汉意,“保证”译为ensure,可接双宾语,且表示某种属性,应为结合情态动词will;“你”译为you,为间接宾语;“睡一夜好觉”译为a good night’s sleep,为直接宾语。故填will ensure you a good night’s sleep。
12.Speak louder, ? (将句子补充完整,使其成为一个反义疑问句)
【答案】will you/won’t you
【详解】考查反义疑问句。句意:说高一点,好吗?Speak louder为肯定祈使句,反义疑问句结构为will/won’t you。故填will/won’t you。
13.多亏了这次比赛和我朋友的帮助,我现在在舞台上感觉很放松,说话时也很自信。(并列句结构)
Thanks to the contest and the help of my friend, I now .
【答案】 feel relaxed on stage and confident when I speak
【详解】考查简单句之主系表结构及时态。句子陈述目前事实,应用一般现在时;根据句意及所给句子可知,“在舞台上感觉很放松,说话时也很自信”译为feel relaxed on stage and confident when I speak。
14.多努力一些, 我相信你会实现你的梦想的。(祈使句)
, and I believe you will realize your dream.
【答案】Make a little bit more effort
【详解】考查祈使句。表示“多努力一些”的意思,使用动词短语make effort表示“努力”,“更多一些的”a little bit more,此处为祈使句,将动词原形形式置于句首,make首字母大写。故填Make a little bit more effort。
15.这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!(感叹句)
story it is!
【答案】What an interesting
【详解】考查感叹句。此处为感叹句: What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+其他,表示“有趣的”用形容词interesting,是发音以元音音素开头的单词用冠词an。故填What an interesting。
二、阅读理解
What do you do when you feel unhappy? Do you listen to music? Do you talk to a friend?
Maybe next time you feel sad, you should try going outside if it is sunny. Doctors know that how much sunlight we get can change how we feel. Scientists learned this by interviewing people who live in different parts of the world. In the far north, in Alaska or Finland, for example, the days are very short in the winter. People living in these places say that they often feel unhappy in the winter. In the south, where there are more daylight hours, fewer people say they are unhappy in the winter. The reason is the amount (数量) of sunlight these people get each day. Sunlight changes the chemicals (化学物) in our bodies, and these chemicals can change the way we feel. A couple of hours of strong sunlight or light from a special lamp can help your body make the chemicals that make us feel happy.
Another way to feel happier is to get some exercise. Just like sunlight, regular exercise helps our bodies make certain chemicals, which make us feel happier. In addition, exercise helps people sleep better and lack of sleep often makes people feel unhappy. Exercise also helps you get rid of stress. When you are angry or upset about something, exercise is a good way to get those bad feelings out of you.
1.Why do people in the far north feel unhappy more often than people in the south?
A.Because they can’t go outside. B.Because they get less sunlight.
C.Because the weather is too cold. D.Because the summer is too short.
2.How can sunlight change the way you feel?
A.On a sunny day, you can play outside.
B.Sunlight makes you less tired.
C.Sunlight increases your body temperature.
D.Sunlight helps your body make certain chemicals.
3.________ will not make you feel happier according to the passage.
A.Eating more. B.Exercising more.
C.Getting more sleep. D.Getting more sunlight.
4.What is the best title for this passage?
A.Why Is Sunlight Good for You? B.How Can Exercise Help You?
C.Ways to Feel Happier D.Functions of Exercising More
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了晒太阳和锻炼等让人感觉更开心的方法。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the far north, in Alaska or Finland, for example, the days are very short in the winter. People living in these places say that they often feel unhappy in the winter. In the south, where there are more daylight hours, fewer people say they are unhappy in the winter. The reason is the amount (数量) of sunlight these people get each day.(例如,在遥远的北方,如阿拉斯加或芬兰,冬季的白天非常短。生活在这些地方的人说,他们冬天常常感到不开心。而在南方,日照时间更长,说自己在冬天不开心的人则较少。原因是这些人每天接受到的阳光照射量不同)”可知,北方的人们经常感到不开心是因为他们得到的阳光更少。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sunlight changes the chemicals (化学物) in our bodies, and these chemicals can change the way we feel. A couple of hours of strong sunlight or light from a special lamp can help your body make the chemicals that make us feel happy.(阳光会改变我们体内的化学物质,而这些化学物质能够改变我们的情绪。几个小时的强烈阳光照射,或者使用特殊灯具发出的光线,可以帮助你的身体产生让我们感到快乐的化学物质)”可知,阳光通过帮助我们的身体制造某些化学物质来改变我们的感觉方式。故选 D。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段“Maybe next time you feel sad, you should try going outside if it is sunny.(也许下次你感到难过的时候,如果是晴天,你应该试试出去走走)”和第三段 “Another way to feel happier is to get some exercise.(另一种让自己更快乐的方法是做一些运动)”以及“In addition, exercise helps people sleep better and lack of sleep often makes people feel unhappy.(此外,运动有助于改善睡眠质量,而睡眠不足往往会让人感到不快乐)”可知,多晒太阳、多锻炼、睡眠充足都可以让人感觉更开心,文章未提及多吃能让人更开心。故选A。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文,根据第二段中“Maybe next time you feel sad, you should try going outside if it is sunny.(或许下次你感到难过的时候,如果天气晴朗,你应该试着出去走走)”以及第三段中“Another way to feel happier is to get some exercise.(另一种让自己更快乐的方法是做一些运动)”可知,本文主要介绍了两种让人更快乐的方法,因此最好的标题是“让人更快乐的方法”。故选C。
重难词汇词块清单
词汇 / 词块
词性
中文释义
sunlight
n.
阳光
chemical
n.
化学物质
regular exercise
n.
定期锻炼
lack of sleep
n.
睡眠不足
get rid of stress
v.
摆脱压力
长难句分析
原句:Sunlight changes the chemicals in our bodies, and these chemicals can change the way we feel.
译文:阳光会改变我们体内的化学物质,而这些化学物质能够改变我们的情绪。
分析:本句是由 and 连接的并列句。前一个分句 “Sunlight changes the chemicals in our bodies” 为简单句,后一个分句 “these chemicals can change the way we feel” 中,“we feel” 为省略了 that 的定语从句,修饰先行词 the way,在从句中作方式状语。
中文翻译
当你感到不开心时,你会做什么?你会听音乐吗?你会和朋友聊天吗?
也许下次你感到难过的时候,如果是晴天,你应该试试出去走走。医生知道我们获得的阳光量可以改变我们的情绪。科学家通过采访生活在世界不同地区的人了解到这一点。例如,在遥远的北方,如阿拉斯加或芬兰,冬季的白天非常短。生活在这些地方的人说,他们冬天常常感到不开心。而在南方,日照时间更长,说自己在冬天不开心的人则较少。原因是这些人每天接受到的阳光照射量不同。阳光会改变我们体内的化学物质,而这些化学物质能够改变我们的情绪。几个小时的强烈阳光照射,或者使用特殊灯具发出的光线,可以帮助你的身体产生让我们感到快乐的化学物质。
另一种让自己更快乐的方法是做一些运动。就像阳光一样,定期锻炼可以帮助我们的身体产生某些化学物质,使我们感到更快乐。此外,运动有助于改善睡眠质量,而睡眠不足往往会让人感到不快乐。运动还可以帮助你摆脱压力。当你对某件事感到愤怒或沮丧时,运动是释放这些不良情绪的好方法。
4 / 5
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