第02讲 Unit 1 Friendship（Grammar-Integration）（知识全梳理&考点精准练）-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2024）

第02讲 Unit 1 Friendship（Grammar-Integration） （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一．单词学习 1 badminton /`bædmɪntən/ n.羽毛球运动 2 however /haʊ`evər/ adv.然而 3 ballon /bə`lu: n/ n.气球 4 scared /skeəd/ adj.害怕，恐惧 5 nearby /,nɪə`baɪ/ adv.在附近 adj.附近的 6 fight /faɪt/ v.搏斗，打斗，为…斗争 7 dead /ded/ adj.死的 8 attack /ə`tæk/ v.攻击，袭击 9 danger /`deɪdʒə/ n.危险 10 brave /breɪv/ adj.勇敢的 11 get along with sb. 与某人和睦相处，关系良好 12 nod /nɒd/ v.点头 13 once /wʌns/ conj.一…就，一旦 14 feeling /`fi:lɪŋ/ n.情感，感觉 15 thoughtful /`θɔ: tfl/ adj.体贴的，深思的 二．课文解析 三．语法归纳 形容词的比较级和最高级 　　大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 1. 形容词比较级、最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加 long→longer→longest narrow→narrower→narrowest 以e结尾的词在词尾加 nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词, easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词, big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well ill/bad many/much little 注意有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)形容词比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。 注意形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 Our city is than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is . 我的哥哥越来越胖了。 It was becoming difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 The my mother is, the she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。 The you are, the fewer you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。 ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is , Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)形容词最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 Which is the , a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? Peter is the in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。 It's one of problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 Kate is my friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。 Mr Green's problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。 3. 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换 　　"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。 China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 注意"sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。 形容词后缀-ful 和-less (Study skills) 我们可以在某些名词后加上-ful 或-less 来做形容词。后缀-ful 表示“充满”。后缀-less 表示“缺乏”。 名词 -ful 形容词:“充满，有” less 形容词:“缺乏，没有” care help use meaning hope cheer 4． 课文解析 两个朋友和熊 两个朋友在森林里散步。这是一个阳光明媚的日子，他们很高兴。突然，他们看到一只熊向他们走来。他们非常害怕。其中一个朋友很快爬上了一棵树。但是附近没有其它树留给另一个朋友了。他知道他无法独自对抗熊，所以他躺在地上，他想，“如果熊认为我死了，它会离开我的。” 熊走近地上的朋友，闻了闻他的头，但它没有攻击。当熊走了，另一个朋友从树上下来。“那只熊好像对你说了什么，”他说。“是的，”地上的朋友回答，“它说一个真正的朋友不应该在危险的时候离开你。” 基蒂：西蒙，你认为有很多朋友好还是只有几个好朋友好？ 西蒙：我认为朋友越多越好。 基蒂：真的吗？我觉得有几个真正的好朋友更重要。 西蒙：但是有很多朋友，你们可以一起参加团队游戏，比如足球或篮球。 基蒂：是的，那是真的。但是只有几个朋友，你们能更好地了解彼此，有更多的时间和精力来支持对方。 西蒙：也许你是对的。 5． 知识梳理 考点1. It said a true friend should not leave you in times of danger. be in danger 意为“处在危险中” ，指句子主语的处境 。 danger 的形容词形式为 out of danger be in danger of ... 考点2.join a club join 指加入组织，并成为其中一员，e.g. join the army / the Party / team / club / sb. join in 指参加活动， e.g.join in a game / activity / sports meeting;也可用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. take part in 指参加活动，同join in ，e.g. take part in the sports meeting; · attend 指参加正式的场合， e.g. attend the wedding / meeting / concert / school / class 等。 注意 take part in: part 前面无冠词， take an active part in (积极参加): part 被形容词修饰时，前需用冠词 a / an 考点3 you get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other. 跟time相关的句型 跟时间相关的表达 含义 范例 have time for sth. = have time to do sth. 有时间去做某事 We have little time for our hobbies everyday. have + time + of sth. 有多少时间的 … We have only 6 hours of sleep. have a good time doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. = have fun doing sth. 做某事做得很开心 Did you have a good time reading Oliver Twist? support (1) support n.支持(不可数) e.g. Without your support, I couldn't pass the final. (2) [补充] Support v.支持，供养 e.g. Our teacher strongly supported us when we made our own decision. e.g. The father made a living by selling books to support his family. Supporter n. 支持者 e.g. I will always be your supporter. 6.Maybe you have a point. maybe 此处用作副词， 意为“可能，也许" ，通常用于句首。 例：Maybe you are right.或许你是对的。 he can work out the problem.或许他能做出这道题。 【拓展】 may be 意为“也许是“是“情态动词 may+be“结构，但于主活后作谓语。 有时 may be 可与 maybe 进行同义句转换。 例：He may be at home.= he is at home.他也许在家。 考点4 What is he/she like? like 相关疑问句 问长相 What be sb. like? (长相三问) What do / does sb. look like?(像什么) How do / does sb. look? 问性格、品质 What be sb. like? 问评价、看法 What do you think of sth.? How do you like / find /feel sth.? 问天气/事物 How's the weather / your new school? What's the weather / your new school like? 例：--- ?他是个什么样的人? ---He's very kind.他很友善。 --- ?她喜欢什么?---She likes dancing.她喜欢跳舞。 --- ?她长什么样?---She is tall and thin. 她又高又瘦。 考点5.she always tries to help and keeps it a secret for me. try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 e.g. As students, we should try to learn English well. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 e.g. Tom tried solving this problem in this way. try n.尝试 have/ take a try e.g. May I have another try? keep a secret = keep secrets 意为“保守秘密” 例：Don't tell others .You must keep a secret .别告诉别人。你必须保守秘密。· 【拓展】secret 此处用作可数名词，意为“秘密” .还可意为“秘诀”。 例：No one knows. It's a secret 。没有人知道。这是一个秘密。 What is the secret of her success?她成功的秘诀是什么? 考点6 Joan is also a cheerful. (1)cheer v. 欢呼，喝彩. cheer for sb. 为某人喝彩 e.g. Come on! Let's go and cheer for our football team. cheer up 振作起来 e.g. Cheer up! Let's go and have another try. (2) cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的 e.g. Why are you so bright and cheerful today? (3) [拓展] cheer n. 欢呼声;喝彩声 e.g. I heard the excited cheers from the crowd, and I knew our team won. 我最好的朋友 琼是我最好的朋友。五年前我在一个舞蹈俱乐部遇见了她。 琼比我高。她的头发又长又软。我喜欢她明亮微笑的眼睛，让她看起来美丽善良。 琼乐于助人且有耐心。有时我在舞蹈课上表现不好，她总是好心地给我帮助。 琼既体贴又体贴。我经常在有事困扰我时告诉她，她也总是尽力帮忙，替我保密。 琼也是一个开朗的人。她喜欢看到明媚的一面。每次我情绪低落的时候，她都会让我振作起来，让我心情变好。我认为琼很棒，我希望我们永远是最好的朋友 六．写作 本单元的话题是“朋友”,主要介绍朋友的外貌、性格、爱好、未来计划等相关内容。写 作主要涉及对人物进行介绍。在具体的写作中,学生应注意以下几点: 1.正确运用描述外貌特征和性格特点的相关词汇; 2.能够用简洁的语言介绍主人公的兴趣爱好和理想; 3.能够正确使用形容词的比较级和最高级进行比较。 【常用词汇】 good-looking 好看的 polite 礼貌的 tidy 爱整洁的 generous 慷慨的 sweet 可爱的 hard-working 勤奋的 patient 耐心的 be ready to do sth 愿意做某事 a sense of humour 幽默感 【常用句型】 1.Mary likes music.She can sing and dance.玛丽喜欢音乐。她能唱歌又能跳舞。 2.She’s of medium height,and she has long straight hair. He has brown hair and wears glasses.她中等身材，有一头长长的直发。他长着棕色的头发，戴着眼镜。 3.The long hair makes her look so beautiful.她那长长的头发使她看上去非常漂亮。 4.My best friend Larry is quite different from me.我的好朋友拉里和我大不相同。 5.My good friend likes to do the same things as me.我的好朋友喜欢和我做同样的事。 6.I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret. She is willing to share things with her friends.我什么事都可以告诉她，因为她守口如瓶。她愿意与朋友分享事情。 7.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友会伸出手来握住你的手，触动你的心。 8.Friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they are good.朋友就像书一样——你不需要很多的朋友，只要他们好就行。 Dave 刚当选为 Students Time 杂志四月刊的封面人物(cover boy)，成为大家学习的榜样。 现在请你参考所给信息写一篇介绍 Dave 的文章，向大家介绍他 1. 良好的学习与生活习惯， 2.爱好, 3.才艺与特长。 内容可适当拓展， 以下信息仅做参考。字数在 70 词左右。 Students Time Age: 15 Habits: 6:00 get up， 6:15 run do homework before playing， 21:30 go to bed Hobbies: read books use the computer Talent: play the violin 一．根据句意及所给提示完成单词 1.It is reported that the h　　　 of Qomolangma is more than 8844.43 meters.  2.We must work hard to make our country richer and s　　　　.  3.In my family, dad is the strongest, mum is the 　　　(苗条的) and I am the cutest.  4.This T⁃shirt is too expensive, so I’d like a 　　　(较便宜的)one.  5.Asking questions is one of the 　　　(最容易的)ways to lead you to active learning.  二．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 6.After a night’s rain, the mountains are much greener and the air is much 　　　.(fresh) 7.—What will the future be like? —Cities will be 　　　　　　(beautiful). And there will be more trees.  8.It’s said that in the future there will be longer summers and 　　winters than before.(short)  9.The scientists found one of the 　　　　　　(tall)trees in the world.  10.April is 　　　(hot)month of the year in Chiang Mai.  三．单项选择 11.After taking tennis classes, Tim is much 　　　than last year.  A.strong　　　 B.stronger C.strongest　　　 D.the strongest 12.Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it’s 　　　than by plane.  A.interesting　　　 B.less interesting C.more interesting　　 D.most interesting 13.Lu Xun is one of 　　　writers of modern China. A.great　　　 B.greater C.greatest　　　 D.the greatest 14.With a high⁃speed train station built in Luzhou, it is much 　　　for us to travel to Chengdu.  A.easier　　　 B.easilier C.more easy　　　 D.more easily 15.Leo likes speed skating and he thinks it’s 　　　event at the Beijing Winter Olympics.  A.exciting B.more exciting C.most exciting D.the most exciting Andy要向自己的网友介绍他的外教Jane。请根据所给的要点提示,帮他写一个简介。 要求:(1)内容充实,覆盖要点;(2)80词左右。开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。(E8101004) Hobbies reading, singing Personalities pretty, helpful, friendly, clever, good at drawing Wishes to be a good teacher I have a new English teacher now. She is called Jane. And she is one of my good friends now. 　　Do you want to be one of her friends? I am sure you will like her when you see her. 一．形容词的比较级和最高级 1.形容词的定义 形容词(adjective),简称adj.，是用来修饰事或物的属性特点性质的词，一般用于名词之前，用形容词的原级。 程度副词very, so, too, enough, quite可用于修饰形容词原级。（考点：这些词出现，后面只能跟形容词原形，不可以跟比较级。） 例：The man is very/quite handsome. The tripes are too hot to eat. The food is so delicious that I can't wait to eat it. 2.形容词的用法 形容词的先后顺序： 1、第一：观点形容词，如：pretty漂亮的、terrible可怕的、lovely可爱的、nice好的 2、第二：形状形容词，如：long长的、short短的、round圆的、narrow扁的 3、第三：年龄、时代形容词，如：old老的、new新的、young年轻的 4、第四：颜色形容词，如：green绿的、blue蓝的、orange橙色的 5、第五：国籍、地区形容词，如：American美国人的、Canadian加拿大的、German德国的 6、第六：材料形容词，如：plastic塑料的、metal金属的、aluminium铝的 3.形容词的比较级与最高级 当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较…”、“更…一些”、“比…更…” 当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们要用形容词的最高级，表示“最…” 被比较的对象可以是人也可以是事或物。 ★形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the 4.形容词比较级常见于以下句式： 1) 通常情况下，我们用“比较级+than”来引出比较的第二部分。 2) 我们用“Which/Who…+比较级，…or…？”的句型来表示在两者中选择。 3) 我们用“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”的结构表示人或事物本身程度的改变。 4) “the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…”表示一方程度随另一方程度变化而变化，意为“越…就越…” 二．重点短语 1.like being with him 喜欢和他在一起 2.it's good to share interests with our best friends. 和我们的好友分享兴趣很好 3.What's more 而且 4.sounds like a good friend听起来是一个好朋友 5.need someone to talk to需要有人谈话 6.have something on my mind心里有事 7.be great at keeping secrets. 擅长保守秘密 8.Be lucky to幸运做某事 9.have such great friends有如此棒的朋友 10.make friends with和....交朋友 11.attract you most 最吸引你 12.look on the bright side of things看到事情光明的一面 13.have a sleepless night 有一个不眠之夜 14.be worried about 担忧某事 15.feel helpless感觉无助 一．阅读理解（10分） 　　When I was in Grade 8, I had a heated argument(争吵)with my classmate, Tony. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the lesson I learned that day. I believed that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrong and he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us a lesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and round object. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what color the object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object was white! “Clearly, it was black!” Another argument started between Tony and me, this time about the color of the object. The teacher told me to go and stand where Tony was standing and told him to go and stand where I was standing. We changed places, and now she asked me what color the object was. I had to answer, “White.” It was an object with two differently colored sides—from his side it was white, while from my side it was black. “Boys, now, what do you say?” The teacher smiled at us. Tony has been my best friend ever since. My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: When you disagree with others, you’d better be in their shoes. That will help you look at the situation through their eyes, and truly understand their ideas and ways of thinking. 1.What did the teacher do at first? A.She shouted at the boys. B.She called the boys’ parents. C.She walked out of the classroom. D.She brought the boys to her desk. 2.How did the writer feel when Tony answered “White” in paragraph 2? A.Surprised.　　　 B.Pleased. C.Afraid.　　　 D.Thankful. 3.Why did the writer give two different answers? A.Because he was unfriendly to Tony. B.Because he changed his place with Tony. C.Because he wanted to have another argument. D.Because he turned around the object. 4.What would the writer probably do after this lesson? A.He would forget the arguments. B.He might shake hands with Tony. C.He would sit in the front of the class. D.He might listen to the teacher carelessly. 5.Which is the best title for the passage? A.Great minds think the same. B.Many hands make light work. C.Look at things in another way. D.Burn the candle at both ends. 二.任务型阅读(每小题2分,共10分) 　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everyone needs friends, and if you fail to make friends, 　1　  Maybe you have social faults, such as talkativeness(多嘴)and improper behaviour, which drive away your new friends. Whatever your social faults may be, 　2　  A friendly person does his best to make a stranger feel comfortable, wherever he happens to be. Put yourself in the other person’s place and make him feel welcome. 　3　 It makes your new friends feel happy. And it gives them the feeling that they have made an impression(印象)on you because you remember them.  If you do not agree with other people on a certain matter, 　4　 or you will lose friends easily.  Finally, a friendly person thinks of not only himself, but also others. 　5　 A.Smile at someone and you may surely get a smile in return. B.do not argue, but discuss, C.you should think if there’s something wrong with your personality(性格). D.Treat different people in different ways. E.Try to remember names. F.People who refuse to consider others have few friends. G.look at them honestly, and try to correct them. 三．综合填空（10分） Jimmy, 1.76 meters in (1)___________ (high), is my best friend. Jimmy is really cleverer (2)___________ anyone else in our class. Every day he always reads (3)___________(quick) among all the students. After class, he usually spends as much time as he can (4)___________(chat) with some students about Maths problems. When we have problems with our study, he is always willing (5)___________(offer) us help. If he cannot solve them, he never asks the teacher for help (6)___________(polite). His life at school is colourful, (7)___________lunchtime, he often chats with me about hobbies. After school, he goes to the swimming pool to practise (8)___________ he is interested in swimming. He wants to be one of the best (9)___________(swim) in China. Happily, last month he (10)___________(win) a game in our city. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 Unit 1 Friendship（Grammar-Integration） （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一．单词学习 1 badminton /`bædmɪntən/ n.羽毛球运动 2 however /haʊ`evər/ adv.然而 3 ballon /bə`lu: n/ n.气球 4 scared /skeəd/ adj.害怕，恐惧 5 nearby /,nɪə`baɪ/ adv.在附近 adj.附近的 6 fight /faɪt/ v.搏斗，打斗，为…斗争 7 dead /ded/ adj.死的 8 attack /ə`tæk/ v.攻击，袭击 9 danger /`deɪdʒə/ n.危险 10 brave /breɪv/ adj.勇敢的 11 get along with sb. 与某人和睦相处，关系良好 12 nod /nɒd/ v.点头 13 once /wʌns/ conj.一…就，一旦 14 feeling /`fi:lɪŋ/ n.情感，感觉 15 thoughtful /`θɔ: tfl/ adj.体贴的，深思的 二．课文解析 三．语法归纳 形容词的比较级和最高级 　　大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示"比……更……,较……";最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示"最……",最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 1. 形容词比较级、最高级的构成 (1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节词及部分双音节词　 大多数词在词尾加-er或-est long→longer→longest narrow→narrower→ narrowest 以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-st nice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est easy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词　 在词前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best ill/bad worse worst many/much more most little less least 注意有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)形容词比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is larger than that one. 这个公园比那个公园更大。 注意形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语),如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. 莉莉比露西稍微高一点儿。 Our city is much more beautiful than theirs. 我们的城市比他们的城市美多了。 ②"比较级 + and + 比较级"结构,表示"越来越……"。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is fatter and fatter. 我的哥哥越来越胖了。 It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③"the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...",表示"越……,(就)越……"。 The busier my mother is, the happier she feels. 我的妈妈越忙越高兴。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. 你越细心,犯的错误就会越少。 ④"Which/Who...+比较级,A or B?"表示"A和B哪个(谁)更……?"。 Who is stronger, Tom or Jim? 汤姆和吉姆,谁更强壮呢? ⑤"the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数"表示"两个……中较……的那个"。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。 (2)形容词最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the,后面常有表示比较范围的"in.../of..."。此外,常用结构"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"。 Which is the safest, a bus, a train or a plane? 公共汽车、火车和飞机,哪个最安全? Peter is the tallest in our class. 在我们班上彼得个子最高。 It's one of the most difficult problems in my work.这是我工作中最棘手的问题之一。 ②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. 乔是我们班上个子第二高的男孩。 Kate is my best friend. 凯特是我最好的朋友。 Mr Green's biggest problem is pronunciation.格林先生最大的问题就是发音。 3. 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换 　　"the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)""形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)"和"形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)"这三者之间可互相转换。 China is the largest country in Asia.=China is larger than any other country in Asia.=China is larger than the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。 注意"sb.+be动词+形容词比较级+than anybody else."="No one+be动词+形容词比较级+than sb.",两者都是用比较级表达最高级的句式。 Mary is taller than anybody else.=No one is taller than Mary.玛丽最高。 形容词后缀-ful 和-less (Study skills) 我们可以在某些名词后加上-ful 或-less 来做形容词。后缀-ful 表示“充满”。后缀-less 表示“缺乏”。 名词 -ful 形容词:“充满，有” less 形容词:“缺乏，没有” care careful careless help helpful helpless use useful useless meaning meaningful meaningless hope hopeful hopeless cheer cheerful cheerless 4． 课文解析 5． 两个朋友和熊 两个朋友在森林里散步。这是一个阳光明媚的日子，他们很高兴。突然，他们看到一只熊向他们走来。他们非常害怕。其中一个朋友很快爬上了一棵树。但是附近没有其它树留给另一个朋友了。他知道他无法独自对抗熊，所以他躺在地上，他想，“如果熊认为我死了，它会离开我的。” 熊走近地上的朋友，闻了闻他的头，但它没有攻击。当熊走了，另一个朋友从树上下来。“那只熊好像对你说了什么，”他说。“是的，”地上的朋友回答，“它说一个真正的朋友不应该在危险的时候离开你。” 基蒂：西蒙，你认为有很多朋友好还是只有几个好朋友好？ 西蒙：我认为朋友越多越好。 基蒂：真的吗？我觉得有几个真正的好朋友更重要。 西蒙：但是有很多朋友，你们可以一起参加团队游戏，比如足球或篮球。 基蒂：是的，那是真的。但是只有几个朋友，你们能更好地了解彼此，有更多的时间和精力来支持对方。 西蒙：也许你是对的。 五．知识梳理 考点1. It said a true friend should not leave you in times of danger. be in danger 意为“处在危险中” ，指句子主语的处境 。 danger 的形容词形式为dangerous out of danger 脱离危险 be in danger of ... 处于 … … 危险之中 考点2.join a club join 指加入组织，并成为其中一员，e.g. join the army / the Party / team / club / sb. join in 指参加活动， e.g.join in a game / activity / sports meeting;也可用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. take part in 指参加活动，同join in ，e.g. take part in the sports meeting; · attend 指参加正式的场合， e.g. attend the wedding / meeting / concert / school / class 等。 注意 take part in: part 前面无冠词， take an active part in (积极参加): part 被形容词修饰时，前需用冠词 a / an 考点3 you get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other. 跟time相关的句型 跟时间相关的表达 含义 范例 have time for sth. = have time to do sth. 有时间去做某事 We have little time for our hobbies everyday. have + time + of sth. 有多少时间的 … We have only 6 hours of sleep. have a good time doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. = have fun doing sth. 做某事做得很开心 Did you have a good time reading Oliver Twist? support (1) support n.支持(不可数) e.g. Without your support, I couldn't pass the final. (2) [补充] Support v.支持，供养 e.g. Our teacher strongly supported us when we made our own decision. e.g. The father made a living by selling books to support his family. Supporter n. 支持者 e.g. I will always be your supporter. 6.Maybe you have a point. maybe 此处用作副词， 意为“可能，也许" ，通常用于句首。 例：Maybe you are right.或许你是对的。 Maybe he can work out the problem.或许他能做出这道题。 【拓展】 may be 意为“也许是“是“情态动词 may+be“结构，但于主活后作谓语。 有时 may be 可与 maybe 进行同义句转换。 例：He may be at home.=Maybe he is at home.他也许在家。 考点4 What is he/she like? like 相关疑问句 问长相 What be sb. like? (长相三问) What do / does sb. look like?(像什么) How do / does sb. look? 问性格、品质 What be sb. like? 问评价、看法 What do you think of sth.? How do you like / find /feel sth.? 问天气/事物 How's the weather / your new school? What's the weather / your new school like? 例：---What's he ike?他是个什么样的人? ---He's very kind.他很友善。 ---What does she like?她喜欢什么?---She likes dancing.她喜欢跳舞。 ---What does she look like?她长什么样?---She is tall and thin. 她又高又瘦。 考点5.she always tries to help and keeps it a secret for me. try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 e.g. As students, we should try to learn English well. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 e.g. Tom tried solving this problem in this way. try n.尝试 have/ take a try e.g. May I have another try? keep a secret = keep secrets 意为“保守秘密” 例：Don't tell others .You must keep a secret .别告诉别人。你必须保守秘密。· 【拓展】secret 此处用作可数名词，意为“秘密” .还可意为“秘诀”。 例：No one knows. It's a secret 。没有人知道。这是一个秘密。 What is the secret of her success?她成功的秘诀是什么? 考点6 Joan is also a cheerful. (1)cheer v. 欢呼，喝彩. cheer for sb. 为某人喝彩 e.g. Come on! Let's go and cheer for our football team. cheer up 振作起来 e.g. Cheer up! Let's go and have another try. (2) cheerful adj. 高兴的，兴高采烈的 e.g. Why are you so bright and cheerful today? (3) [拓展] cheer n. 欢呼声;喝彩声 e.g. I heard the excited cheers from the crowd, and I knew our team won. 我最好的朋友 琼是我最好的朋友。五年前我在一个舞蹈俱乐部遇见了她。 琼比我高。她的头发又长又软。我喜欢她明亮微笑的眼睛，让她看起来美丽善良。 琼乐于助人且有耐心。有时我在舞蹈课上表现不好，她总是好心地给我帮助。 琼既体贴又体贴。我经常在有事困扰我时告诉她，她也总是尽力帮忙，替我保密。 琼也是一个开朗的人。她喜欢看到明媚的一面。每次我情绪低落的时候，她都会让我振作起来，让我心情变好。我认为琼很棒，我希望我们永远是最好的朋友 六．写作 本单元的话题是“朋友”,主要介绍朋友的外貌、性格、爱好、未来计划等相关内容。写 作主要涉及对人物进行介绍。在具体的写作中,学生应注意以下几点: 1.正确运用描述外貌特征和性格特点的相关词汇; 2.能够用简洁的语言介绍主人公的兴趣爱好和理想; 3.能够正确使用形容词的比较级和最高级进行比较。 【常用词汇】 good-looking 好看的 polite 礼貌的 tidy 爱整洁的 generous 慷慨的 sweet 可爱的 hard-working 勤奋的 patient 耐心的 be ready to do sth 愿意做某事 a sense of humour 幽默感 【常用句型】 1.Mary likes music.She can sing and dance.玛丽喜欢音乐。她能唱歌又能跳舞。 2.She’s of medium height,and she has long straight hair. He has brown hair and wears glasses.她中等身材，有一头长长的直发。他长着棕色的头发，戴着眼镜。 3.The long hair makes her look so beautiful.她那长长的头发使她看上去非常漂亮。 4.My best friend Larry is quite different from me.我的好朋友拉里和我大不相同。 5.My good friend likes to do the same things as me.我的好朋友喜欢和我做同样的事。 6.I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret. She is willing to share things with her friends.我什么事都可以告诉她，因为她守口如瓶。她愿意与朋友分享事情。 7.A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.一个真正的朋友会伸出手来握住你的手，触动你的心。 8.Friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they are good.朋友就像书一样——你不需要很多的朋友，只要他们好就行。 Dave 刚当选为 Students Time 杂志四月刊的封面人物(cover boy)，成为大家学习的榜样。 现在请你参考所给信息写一篇介绍 Dave 的文章，向大家介绍他 1. 良好的学习与生活习惯， 2.爱好, 3.才艺与特长。 内容可适当拓展， 以下信息仅做参考。字数在 70 词左右。 Students Time Age: 15 Habits: 6:00 get up， 6:15 run do homework before playing， 21:30 go to bed Hobbies: read books use the computer Talent: play the violin 【答案】 Dave is the cover boy on April’s Students Time. He is fifteen years old. He gets up at 6:00. He likes sports, he usually runs from 6:15 to 6:45. He is a good student. He is good at all subjects. He never plays before doing homework. He usually goes to bed at 21:30. He likes reading books very much. He usually reads books for an hour every day. He uses the computer on weekends for half an hour. As for music, he is good at playing the violin. He wants to be a violinist in the future. This is the cover boy, Dave 一．根据句意及所给提示完成单词 1.It is reported that the h　　　 of Qomolangma is more than 8844.43 meters.  2.We must work hard to make our country richer and s　　　　.  3.In my family, dad is the strongest, mum is the 　　　(苗条的) and I am the cutest.  4.This T⁃shirt is too expensive, so I’d like a 　　　(较便宜的)one.  5.Asking questions is one of the 　　　(最容易的)ways to lead you to active learning.  二．用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 6.After a night’s rain, the mountains are much greener and the air is much 　　　.(fresh) 7.—What will the future be like? —Cities will be 　　　　　　(beautiful). And there will be more trees.  8.It’s said that in the future there will be longer summers and 　　winters than before.(short)  9.The scientists found one of the 　　　　　　(tall)trees in the world.  10.April is 　　　(hot)month of the year in Chiang Mai.  三．单项选择 11.After taking tennis classes, Tim is much 　　　than last year.  A.strong　　　 B.stronger C.strongest　　　 D.the strongest 12.Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it’s 　　　than by plane.  A.interesting　　　 B.less interesting C.more interesting　　 D.most interesting 13.Lu Xun is one of 　　　writers of modern China. A.great　　　 B.greater C.greatest　　　 D.the greatest 14.With a high⁃speed train station built in Luzhou, it is much 　　　for us to travel to Chengdu.  A.easier　　　 B.easilier C.more easy　　　 D.more easily 15.Leo likes speed skating and he thinks it’s 　　　event at the Beijing Winter Olympics.  A.exciting B.more exciting C.most exciting D.the most exciting 一．.1.height　2.stronger　3.slimmest　4.cheaper　5.easiest 二．.6.fresher　7.more beautiful　8.shorter　9.tallest　10.the hottest 三．.11.B　句意:通过上网球课,Tim比去年强壮多了。根据句中的than可知,此处应用比较级。同时,设空处前有表示程度的副词much修饰,应用比较级。故选B。 12.C　根据句中的than可知设空处应用比较级,排除选项A和D;又根据前句句意“乘火车旅行比乘飞机慢”及后句中but可推知,后句应表示“但是乘火车旅行比乘飞机更有趣”。故选C。 13.D　句意:鲁迅是当代中国最伟大的作家之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构意为“最……的……之一”,故设空处应用形容词最高级,且形容词最高级前要加the。故选D。 14.A　句意:随着泸州高铁站的建成,对我们来说去成都旅行容易多了。设空处前有much修饰,后应跟形容词或副词的比较级,意为“……得多”。句中的be动词is后要用形容词。easy是形容词,其比较级为easier;easily为副词,其比较级为more easily。故选A。 15.D　句意:利奥喜欢速度滑冰,他认为它是北京冬奥会上最令人激动的项目。此处比较的范围是at the Beijing Winter Olympics,表示三者以上作比较要用形容词或副词最高级,故选D。 Andy要向自己的网友介绍他的外教Jane。请根据所给的要点提示,帮他写一个简介。 要求:(1)内容充实,覆盖要点;(2)80词左右。开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。(E8101004) Hobbies reading, singing Personalities pretty, helpful, friendly, clever, good at drawing Wishes to be a good teacher I have a new English teacher now. She is called Jane. And she is one of my good friends now. 　　Do you want to be one of her friends? I am sure you will like her when you see her. I have a new English teacher now. She is called Jane. And she is one of my good friends now.  Jane is a pretty girl with a round face and big eyes. She wears glasses and the glasses make her look clever. She has long hair. Jane likes reading and singing. She is a helpful and friendly teacher. Jane is good at teaching. And she is also good at drawing. Jane says she wants to be a good teacher and make friends with us. Do you want to be one of her friends? I am sure you will like her when you see her.  一．形容词的比较级和最高级 1.形容词的定义 形容词(adjective),简称adj.，是用来修饰事或物的属性特点性质的词，一般用于名词之前，用形容词的原级。 程度副词very, so, too, enough, quite可用于修饰形容词原级。（考点：这些词出现，后面只能跟形容词原形，不可以跟比较级。） 例：The man is very/quite handsome. The tripes are too hot to eat. The food is so delicious that I can't wait to eat it. 2.形容词的用法 形容词的先后顺序： 1、第一：观点形容词，如：pretty漂亮的、terrible可怕的、lovely可爱的、nice好的 2、第二：形状形容词，如：long长的、short短的、round圆的、narrow扁的 3、第三：年龄、时代形容词，如：old老的、new新的、young年轻的 4、第四：颜色形容词，如：green绿的、blue蓝的、orange橙色的 5、第五：国籍、地区形容词，如：American美国人的、Canadian加拿大的、German德国的 6、第六：材料形容词，如：plastic塑料的、metal金属的、aluminium铝的 3.形容词的比较级与最高级 当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较…”、“更…一些”、“比…更…” 当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们要用形容词的最高级，表示“最…” 被比较的对象可以是人也可以是事或物。 ★形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the 4.形容词比较级常见于以下句式： 1) 通常情况下，我们用“比较级+than”来引出比较的第二部分。 2) 我们用“Which/Who…+比较级，…or…？”的句型来表示在两者中选择。 3) 我们用“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”的结构表示人或事物本身程度的改变。 4) “the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…”表示一方程度随另一方程度变化而变化，意为“越…就越…” 二．重点短语 1.like being with him 喜欢和他在一起 2.it's good to share interests with our best friends. 和我们的好友分享兴趣很好 3.What's more 而且 4.sounds like a good friend听起来是一个好朋友 5.need someone to talk to需要有人谈话 6.have something on my mind心里有事 7.be great at keeping secrets. 擅长保守秘密 8.Be lucky to幸运做某事 9.have such great friends有如此棒的朋友 10.make friends with和....交朋友 11.attract you most 最吸引你 12.look on the bright side of things看到事情光明的一面 13.have a sleepless night 有一个不眠之夜 14.be worried about 担忧某事 15.feel helpless感觉无助 一．阅读理解（10分） 　　When I was in Grade 8, I had a heated argument(争吵)with my classmate, Tony. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the lesson I learned that day. I believed that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrong and he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us a lesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and round object. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what color the object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object was white! “Clearly, it was black!” Another argument started between Tony and me, this time about the color of the object. The teacher told me to go and stand where Tony was standing and told him to go and stand where I was standing. We changed places, and now she asked me what color the object was. I had to answer, “White.” It was an object with two differently colored sides—from his side it was white, while from my side it was black. “Boys, now, what do you say?” The teacher smiled at us. Tony has been my best friend ever since. My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: When you disagree with others, you’d better be in their shoes. That will help you look at the situation through their eyes, and truly understand their ideas and ways of thinking. 1.What did the teacher do at first? A.She shouted at the boys. B.She called the boys’ parents. C.She walked out of the classroom. D.She brought the boys to her desk. 2.How did the writer feel when Tony answered “White” in paragraph 2? A.Surprised.　　　 B.Pleased. C.Afraid.　　　 D.Thankful. 3.Why did the writer give two different answers? A.Because he was unfriendly to Tony. B.Because he changed his place with Tony. C.Because he wanted to have another argument. D.Because he turned around the object. 4.What would the writer probably do after this lesson? A.He would forget the arguments. B.He might shake hands with Tony. C.He would sit in the front of the class. D.He might listen to the teacher carelessly. 5.Which is the best title for the passage? A.Great minds think the same. B.Many hands make light work. C.Look at things in another way. D.Burn the candle at both ends. 1.D　细节理解题。根据短文第二段中的第二、三句话“Our teacher... placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other.”可知,老师首先做的是把两个男孩子带到她的办公桌旁边。故选D。 2.A　情感态度题。根据短文第二段中“I couldn’t believe he said the object was white!”可推知,当Tony 回答是白色的时候,作者感到很惊讶。故选A。 3.B　推理判断题。根据短文第三段第二、三句话可知,作者更换了位置,所以才会给出两个不同的答案。 4.B　推理判断题。根据短文第三段的最后一句话“Tony has been my best friend ever since.”可知,在此之后,作者可能会与Tony握手言和。故选B。 5.C　主旨大意题。根据短文最后一段内容可知,本篇文章通过故事说明了,当我们与其他人意见不同时,要学会换位思考。故选C。 二.任务型阅读(每小题2分,共10分) 　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Everyone needs friends, and if you fail to make friends, 　1　  Maybe you have social faults, such as talkativeness(多嘴)and improper behaviour, which drive away your new friends. Whatever your social faults may be, 　2　  A friendly person does his best to make a stranger feel comfortable, wherever he happens to be. Put yourself in the other person’s place and make him feel welcome. 　3　 It makes your new friends feel happy. And it gives them the feeling that they have made an impression(印象)on you because you remember them.  If you do not agree with other people on a certain matter, 　4　 or you will lose friends easily.  Finally, a friendly person thinks of not only himself, but also others. 　5　 A.Smile at someone and you may surely get a smile in return. B.do not argue, but discuss, C.you should think if there’s something wrong with your personality(性格). D.Treat different people in different ways. E.Try to remember names. F.People who refuse to consider others have few friends. G.look at them honestly, and try to correct them. 1.C　根据“if you fail to make friends”可知设空处前是条件,设空处应该是条件导致的结果,选项C“你应该想想自己的性格是否有问题”符合语境,故选C。 2.G　根据“Whatever your social faults may be”可推知接下来要说应该怎么去做,选项G“诚实地看待它们,试着纠正它们”符合语境,故选G。 3.E　根据“It makes your new friends feel happy... because you remember them.”可知,记住他们的名字,这让他们觉得他们给你留下了深刻的印象,从而使他们感到高兴。选项E“试着记住名字”符合语境,故选E。 4.B　根据“If you do not agree with other people on a certain matter”可知,此处是指如果你在某件事上不同意别人的意见应该怎么做,选项B“不要争论,要讨论”符合语境,故选B。 5.F　根据“Finally, a friendly person thinks of not only himself, but also others.”可知,人不仅要为自己着想,也要为朋友着想,结合选项可知,选项F“不为别人着想的人几乎没有朋友”符合语境,故选F。 三．综合填空（10分） Jimmy, 1.76 meters in (1)___________ (high), is my best friend. Jimmy is really cleverer (2)___________ anyone else in our class. Every day he always reads (3)___________(quick) among all the students. After class, he usually spends as much time as he can (4)___________(chat) with some students about Maths problems. When we have problems with our study, he is always willing (5)___________(offer) us help. If he cannot solve them, he never asks the teacher for help (6)___________(polite). His life at school is colourful, (7)___________lunchtime, he often chats with me about hobbies. After school, he goes to the swimming pool to practise (8)___________ he is interested in swimming. He wants to be one of the best (9)___________(swim) in China. Happily, last month he (10)___________(win) a game in our city. 1.height; 2. than; 3.（the）most quickly;4。 chatting; 5.to offer;6. impolitely;7.At；8.because;9.swimmers;10.won 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$