衔接点06：动名词（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（上海专用）

衔接点06 动名词（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中阶段的不仅能够正确使用动名词，还需掌握动名词的复合结构、动名词的被动形式及完成形式。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中动名词考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。 功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。 1．The soldiers tried many ways to prevent the flood from________ the roads and fields. A．destroy B．to destroy C．destroying D．destroyed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：士兵们想方设法防止洪水毁坏道路和田地。 考查非谓语。destroy毁坏，动词原形；to destroy毁坏，动词不定式；destroying毁坏，现在分词或者动名词形式；destroyed毁坏，过去式；根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“阻止某人做某事”，英语结构是prevent sb from doing sth，所以空格应该用doing形式，故选C。 2．It's a pity that some students waste energy _________ on line. A．to chat B．chatting C．chat D．to chatting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很遗憾有些学生浪费精力在网上聊天。 考查非谓语。to chat聊天，动词不定式；chatting聊天，现在分词或者动名词形式；chat聊天，动词原形；to chatting聊天，介词+动名词形式；根据句子结构分析可知，这里表达的是“浪费精力做某事”，英语是waste energy in doing sth，所以这里应该用doing形式，故选B。 3．Little Jack’s father suggested ______ the reference books online. A．order B．to order C．ordered D．ordering 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小杰克的父亲建议在网上订购参考书。 考查动名词。A. order订购（原形）；B. to order订购（不定式）；C. ordered    订购（一般过去式、过去分词）；D. ordering订购（动名词、现在分词）；suggest doing sth意为“建议做某事”；空格suggest后面，判断填动名词，故选D。 4．You’d better spend more time having sports instead of     all day long. A．watch TV B．watched    TV C．to watch    TV D．watching TV 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你最好花更多的时间锻炼而不是整天看电视。 考查动名词。A. watch TV（原形）；B. watched TV（一般过去式）；    C. to watch TV（不定式）；D. watching TV（动名词）；空格在instead of 后面，判断填动名词，故选D。 5．The young man practiced ________ every weekend to prepare for the coming competition. A．fish B．to fish C．fished D．fishing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个年轻人每个周末都练习 ，为即将到来的比赛做准备。 考查非谓语动词。“practice doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”，“practice”后的动词要用动名词形式。故选D。 6．The farmers on the farm are busy ________ apples on the trees. A．picking B．to pick C．pick D．picked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：农场里的农民正忙着在树上采摘苹果。 考查非谓语动词。be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，为固定短语，所以此处填动名词形式。故选A。 7．I wouldn’t mind ________ a roommate. We can help each other and save money every month. A．having B．to have C．have D．had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不介意有一个室友。我们可以互相帮助，每月节省开支。 考查动词mind的用法。mind后接动名词，作宾语，表示“介意做某事”。故选A。 8．Mr. Taylor often says he prefers ________ volleyball to football. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 【答案】C 【详解】句意：泰勒先生经常说他比起踢足球更喜欢打排球。 考查非谓语动词。根据“prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(比起做……更喜欢做……)”，可知，此处应填“playing”。故选C。 9．He’s stayed in Britain for several years, so he’s used to ________ on the left. A．drive B．driving C．drives D．drove 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他在英国待了几年，所以他已经习惯了靠左行驶。 考查非谓语动词。be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”，可知填动名词形式。故选B。 10．The driver denied ________ the serious car accident during the police interview. A．cause B．caused C．to cause D．causing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：司机在接受警察问话时否认造成严重车祸。 考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth.“否认做某事”，是固定词组。故选D。 11．The teacher asked the students to avoid ________ too many mistakes in the exam. A．made B．to make C．have made D．making 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师要求学生在考试中避免犯太多错误。 考查动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.是固定短语，表示“避免做某事”，此处表示避免犯太多错误。故选D。 12．I can’t imagine ________ in a city without public transportation. A．live B．lived C．to live D．living 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我无法想象在没有公共交通的城市生活。 考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth“想象做某事”，空处用动名词形式。故选D。 13．The receptionist asked the lady if she would mind ________ in an information form. A．filling B．to fill C．filled D．fill 【答案】A 【详解】句意：接待员问这位女士是否介意填写一份信息表。 考查非谓语动词。根据短语mind doing sth.“介意做某事”可知，空处应选filling。故选A。 14．My father is considering ________ a new laptop computer for his new job. A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父亲正在考虑为他的新工作买一台新的笔记本电脑。 考查非谓语动词。buy动词原形；buying动词-ing形式；to buy动词不定式；bought动词过去式。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，是固定用法。故选B。 15．The politician denied ________ about his educational and working experience. A．lie B．lying C．to lying D．lied 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位政治家否认了关于他的教育和工作经历的撒谎行为。 考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth“否认做某事”，为固定短语。故选B。 【高中动名词考点聚焦】 课标解读 动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容 词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 要点精讲 1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good complaining。抱怨无济于事。 It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。这是一个一问一答对话，第二句承前省略了made Mary so upset，应用动名词短语作主语。故填losing。 2. regretting。It is no use/good doing sth。是固定句型，动名词是真正主语。故答案是regretting。 3. Being injured。首先语境需要动名词短语作主语；be injured in…是固定词组。故答案是Being injured。 4. carrying。句意：在中国古代，货币主要由金、银、铜等贵金属组成，因此携带大量现金不仅是一种沉重的负担，而且还会使所有者处于危险之中，因为途中经常发生抢劫。分析句子结合句意可知，此处缺少主语，主语为“携带大量现金”，应用动名词作主语，故填carrying。 考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering making a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied making a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy reading newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine doing that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested putting the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me staying here.他建议我呆在这儿。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。risk doing表示“冒险做某事”。故答案是losing。 2. doing。postpone doing表示“推迟做某事”。故答案是doing。 3. being treated。考查非谓语动词。appreciate doing…表示“感激做某事”，根据语境这里还是被动意义。故答案是being treated。 4. parking。practice doing sth.表示“练习/实践做某事”。句意：作为一名新司机，我得反复练习把车停在我家的小车库里。故填parking。 (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. 【答案与解析】 1. to stop。 try to do 努力做某事；try doing 尝试做某事。句意：“不是那样做的，”妈妈试图阻止我但是没有拦住。她说对了。结果这道菜不是我原希望的那个样子。故答案是to stop。 2. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。故答案是to lock。 3. (to) do; crying。can’t help (to) do表示“不能帮助做某事”；can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是(to) do; crying。 4. to thank。继续做另一件事 （对象变了）；go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）。根据语境，Anne Benedict先接受奖项，接着感谢那些帮助过自己的人们，应用go on to do。故答案是to thank。 5. getting。mean to do表示“打算做某事”，mean doing sth.表示“意味着”；结合句意“如果你认为对一个妇女好就意味着得到她的允许去拿东西，再想一想”，答案是getting。 考点归纳五、时态和语态 （重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 2.否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 2.动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 【解析】lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。C项正确 一、语法填空 1．As soon as he got out of the car, he went straight into the hall without (greet) anyone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】greeting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他一下车就径直走进大厅，谁也没打招呼。without是介词，空格处用动名词作宾语，故填greeting。 2．Stop your car as soon as you can, but avoid (stop) near a building or under a tree. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stopping 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽快停车，但要避免停在建筑物附近或树下。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，此处应用动名词stopping，作avoid的宾语。故填stopping。 3．Can you imagine the shy and silent girl (award) the first prize in the school speech competition? (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being awarded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你能想象这个害羞又沉默的女孩在学校演讲比赛中被授予一等奖吗？imagine sb. doing sth 是固定句式，意为“想象某人做某事”，girl 和 award 之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being awarded，作宾语。故填being awarded。 4．The continuous noise from the factory kept (upset) the local people, making it hard for them to sleep. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】upsetting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：工厂持续不断的噪音使当地人心烦意乱，使他们难以入睡。由句意及空前的keep可知此处应填动词upset(使不安；使心烦)的动名词形式upsetting，keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事；持续做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填upsetting。 5． (admit) to Beijing University is what he has been dreaming of these years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being admitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被北京大学录取是他这些年来一直梦寐以求的事。空格处作主语，应该用动名词形式，动词admit与he之间是被动关系，此处表示“被录取”，应该用动名词的被动语态。故填Being admitted。 6．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had (organize) the school event. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】organizing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你无法想象我们组织学校活动时遇到了什么困难。“what difficulty we had ______ (organize) the school event”是宾语从句，结合固定短语have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，此处用动名词形式。故填organizing。 7．In spite of (reject) many times, she didn’t lose faith and finally made it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being rejected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管被拒绝了很多次，但她没有失去信心，最终成功了。空处应填动名词作介词of的宾语，且reject和she之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动式，故填being rejected。 8．He spends every minute he can (practise) his spoken English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】practising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他把每一分钟都用来练习英语口语。句子主干为“He spends every minute…”，后面接的是he can作为定语从句，修饰minute。所以整个结构应该是“He spends every minute (that) he can (spend) (practise) his spoken English”。此时，主句的结构是spend time (in) doing，所以空格处用动名词practising。故选practising。 9．He was really looking forward to (receive) your letter. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】receiving 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他很期待收到你的信。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”，这里的to为介词，所以此处为动名词形式。故填receiving。 10．He was crossing the street when a man was driving fast towards him and he narrowly escaped (knock) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being knocked 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他正在过马路，这时一个男人开车快速向他驶来，他险些被撞倒。空处作escaped的宾语，需用动名词形式，又因为“he”与“knock down”之间是被动关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式being knocked来表示被动含义。故填being knocked。 11．Taichi, a Chinese Martial art involves (do) very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】doing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：太极拳是一种中国武术，它包括做非常缓慢的身体运动来放松你的思想，使你的身体平静。involve doing sth.是固定用法，表示“包括做某事；涉及做某事”，所以空处需用动名词形式作宾语。故填doing。 12．The crocodile is used to passengers (throw) food from boats and now she is becoming familiar with humans. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】throwing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：鳄鱼习惯了乘客从船上扔食物，现在它开始熟悉人类了。be used to doing sth.是固定用法，表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后面需要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故空处应用throw的动名词形式throwing。故填throwing。 13．In my opinion, the film is well worth (see). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】seeing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在我看来，这部电影很值得一看。be worth doing sth.是一个固定用法，意为“某事值得被做”，动名词seeing作宾语。故填seeing。 14．Politicians are skilled at (defend) themselves against their critics. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】defending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政治家们擅长为自己辩护，对抗批评者。此处作介词at的宾语，defend用动名词形式。故填defending。 15．If the soup is a little salty, try (add) some water to it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】adding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果汤有点咸，试着加点水。根据句意和空格前的动词try可知，此处表示“尝试做某事”，用try doing something。故填adding。 16．It’s our duty to take care of endangered animals and protect the forests from (destroy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 destruction /being destroyed 【详解】考查名词或动名词。句意：照顾濒危动物和保护森林免受破坏是我们的责任。介词from后接名词形式或动名词形式。destroy的名词形式为destruction；forests与destroy之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动语态。故填destruction/being destroyed。 17．Students often have difficulty (understand) English grammar. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】understanding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们经常在理解英语语法方面有困难。“have difficulty (in) doing sth”是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，其中in可以省略，所以此处应用understand的动名词形式understanding作宾语。故填understanding。 18．The teacher’s strict rules prevented the students from (chat) during class. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：老师严格的规定阻止了学生们在课堂上聊天。prevent sb. from doing sth. 为固定短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”，from 是介词，后面接动名词作宾语，chat的动名词形式为chatting。故填chatting。 19．My kids spent hours (chat) with their friends on the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的孩子们花了几个小时和他们的朋友在电话里聊天。分析句子可知，这里考查spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.，是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以此处用chat 的动名词形式chatting。故填chatting。 20． (think) about other people’s situations inspired me to offer help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Thinking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：考虑其他人的处境激励我去提供帮助。空处需要动名词在句中作主语表示抽象的、一般性、经常性的行为。该词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Thinking。 二、完成句子 21． (记学习日记) is a good learning habit. 【答案】Keeping a learning diary 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：记学习日记是一个好的学习习惯。“记学习日记”使用动词短语keep a learning diary，空处作主语，表示一般性、概念性的动作，使用动名词形式，句首单词的首字母应大写，故填Keeping a learning diary。 22．过了一阵子，她发现上网可以帮助她减轻孤独和无聊。 After a while, she discovered that could help her feel less lonely and bored. 【答案】surfing the Internet 【详解】考查动名词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“上网”，是surf the Internet，空格处用动名词作that从句中的主语，故填surfing the Internet。 23．在阅览室内，我们不能大声说话。 We are not allowed to speak aloud . 【答案】 in the reading room 【详解】考查动名词。动名词reading作定语修饰名词room，用来表示room的目的或者用途，介词短语in the reading room (在阅览室内)符合句意。故填①in ②the ③reading ④room。 24． , he realized he had left his key in the office. 他一到家就发现自己把钥匙落在办公室了。 【答案】Upon/On getting home 【详解】考查介词和动词短语。表示“一……就……”可使用upon/on doing，“到家”使用动词短语get home，句首单词的首字母应大写，故填Upon/On getting home。 25． made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 腿部受伤使我无法像往常一样快走。 【答案】Being injured in the leg 【详解】考查非谓语动词短语。“受伤”be injured，“在腿部”in the leg，空处作句子的主语，应用动名词形式，being置于句首，首字母大写。故填Being injured in the leg。 26． (了解一点英国历史) will help you solve this puzzle. 【答案】Getting to know a little bit about British history 【详解】考查动名词。句意：了解一点英国历史能帮助你解决这个问题。“了解”意为get to know；“一点英国历史”意为a little bit about British history。此处在句中作主语，故应用动名词作主语，故填Getting to know a little bit about British history。 27．政府应该多种树以阻止水土流失。 The government should plant more trees to prevent the soil away. 【答案】(from) being washed 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“阻止……做……”用prevent…from…，表示“水土流失”即“被冲走”用be washed away，动名词作宾语。from可以省略。故填(from) being washed。 28．詹妮并不介意她的书被别的学生拿去用。 Jenny doesn’t mind and used by other students. 【答案】her book being taken away 【详解】考查动名词的复合结构。根据mind doing sth.意为“介意做某事”可知，此处应为动名词形式作宾语，表示“她的书”为her book，为“拿走”的逻辑主语，表示“拿走”应为take away，且books与take away是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式。故填being taken away。 29．玛丽的爸爸因为她获了奖而非常高兴。Mary’s father is very happy because of . 【答案】her having been given a prize 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据中英文提示，表示“她获了奖”应用her having been given a prize，根据句意，“获奖”先于“高兴”，且give与逻辑主语Mary是被动关系，故此处用动名词的被动完成式作宾语，her作动名词的逻辑主语。故填her having been given a prize。 30．What worried the child most was ________ ________ ________ ________ to visit his mother in the hospital. 让那个孩子担心的是不让他到医院看她妈妈。 【答案】his not being allowed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个孩子最担心的是不让他去医院探望妈妈。分析句子结构可知此处用动名词作表语，逻辑主语child与allow是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式being allowed，动名词的否定形式是not+动名词，结合后文的“his”可知可以在动名词前加形容词性物主代词his构成动名词复合结构。故填his not being allowed。 一、语法填空 1．30% of American teenagers admit (lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】lying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：30%的美国青少年承认为了成功访问某些网站而谎报他们的年龄。admit doing sth.“承认做某事”，所以空处需要动名词的形式作宾语。故填lying。 2．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being caught 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。 3．On hearing the joke we couldn’t help (laugh). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】laughing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：听到这个笑话，我们忍不住笑了起来。分析句子可知，此空考查can’t help doing sth表“忍不住做某事”，为固定短语，这里动名词作宾语。故填laughing。 4．Mary, who is disabled, is strongly opposed to (treat) unfairly by others. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being treated 【详解】考查动名词。句意：玛丽是残疾人，她强烈反对受到别人的不公平对待。be opposed to doing sth固定搭配，意为“反对做某事”。主语Mary与treat为被动关系，用动名词的被动语态。故填being treated。 5．With the (raise) of standards of this school, more and more parents are trying their best to send their children to study here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】raising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着这所学校标准的提高，越来越多的家长正竭尽全力把孩子送到这里学习。本空用raise“提高”的动名词，作With的宾语。故填raising。 6．This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being touched 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这包括阻止原始环境被接触。设空处接在介词from后，应用动名词作宾语，和它的逻辑主语the original environment之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动语态，故填being touched。 7．My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的孩子每天花几个小时在电话上和她的朋友聊天。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.，此处为动名词作宾语，表示花费时间聊天。故填chatting。 8．No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being influenced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：没有人能避免受到广告的影响。分析句子可知，本句的谓语动词是avoid，所以设空处应该填入名词或动名词作动词avoid的宾语。又因为主语No one与influence之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being influenced。故填being influenced。 9．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他声称戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，因为他已经戒过几百次了。空格处用动名词quitting作that引导的宾语从句中的主语，故填quitting。 10．Dr. Susan suggested Tom (take) his daughter to the zoo every Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：苏珊医生建议汤姆每周日带他女儿去动物园。动词suggest后跟doing (sth)作宾语，设空处填动名词taking，Tom与动词take之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系， Tom taking his daughter to the zoo every Sunday为动名词复合结构作动词suggested宾语。故填taking。 二、完成句子 21．Tom is looking forward to 汤姆期待着遇见新来的交换生。 【答案】 meeting the new exchange student 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。第一空表“遇见”应用动词meet，此处为look forward to doing sth.，动名词作宾语；第二空表示“交换生”短语为exchange student。故填①meeting；②exchange student。 22．这个淘气的男孩子幸运地逃过了被毒蛇咬。 This naughty boy was so lucky to escape by a poisonous snake. 【答案】 being bitten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“逃过”可用动词escape，动词原形和to构成不定式作原因状语；表示“被咬”用动词bite的被动结构be bitten，escape后用动名词作宾语，故用其动名词的被动式。故空1填escape；空2填being；空3填bitten。 23．You’ve chosen a good tourist attraction and it’s (值得参观). 【答案】worth visiting 【详解】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意：你选择了一个好的旅游景点，值得一游。表示“参观”应用动词visit；表示“某事值得……”应用sth. be worth doing，worth的用法和介词相同，后面用动名词形式。该结构中的doing是主动形式表示被动意义。故填worth visiting。 24．Hearing that you have trouble (适应) life in the new campus, I am concerned about you. 【答案】in adapting to/adapting to 【详解】考查动词短语和动名词。句意：听说你难以适应新校园的生活，我很担心你。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语adapt to“适应”，满足句意要求，结合空前have trouble可知，应为动词短语have trouble (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”，所以此处adapt为动名词形式。故填(in) adapting to。 25．I am used to (在法国的乡下开车). 【答案】driving in the French countryside 【详解】考查动名词和固定短语。句意：我习惯在法国乡村开车。“开车”是drive，“在法国的乡下”是in the French countryside，be used to doing是固定短语，意为“习惯于做某事”，因此空格处动词用动名词作宾语，因此空格处是driving in the French countryside。故填driving in the French countryside。 26．How about   (去图书馆) first to read books after shopping here? 【答案】going to library 【详解】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：逛完这里，先去图书馆看书怎么样？表示“去图书馆”应用go to library，how about doing sth.为固定句型，意为“……怎么样？”。故填going to library。 27．In sports, there is no use (假装摔倒或者受伤), because in the end, the audience will see through it. 【答案】pretending to fall down or be hurt 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：在体育运动中，假装摔倒或受伤是没有用的，因为最终观众会看穿的。考查固定短语there is no use doing sth，意为“做某事是没用的”；“假装做某事”为pretend to do sth，“摔倒”为 fall down，“受伤”为be hurt，都做pretend的宾语，用“或者”or连接。故填pretending to fall down or be hurt。 28．I will probably just spend the holiday (在家学习). 【答案】studying at home 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这个假期我可能会在家学习度过。根据汉语提示可知短语为study at home，且上文为短语spend time doing sth.，故填studying at home。 29． （接触expose）the arts may help people live longer. 【答案】Being exposed to 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语。句意：接触艺术可以帮助人们长寿。根据汉语提示可知短语为be exposed to，作句子主语应用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Being exposed to。 30．他的车在半路上抛锚了，这导致他上班迟到了。 His car broke down on the halfway, which resulted in . 【答案】his being late for work 【详解】考查动名词及短语。根据汉语翻译可知，空处需填“他上班迟到”的英语表达，be late for work表示“上班迟到”，根据“resulted in”可知，空处需用动名词being作介词宾语，“迟到”的逻辑主语是“他”，故用动名词的复合结构his being late for work表示，说明“迟到”这件事是“他的”。故填his being late for work。 三、阅读理解 When I was in my first year of high school, I had a terrible time when every area of my life was a disaster. I felt so hopeless and alone that I thought everything was impossible. On one such day, I was walking from class across the school to catch the school bus home, with my head down, fighting tears of total hopelessness, when a young man came down the sidewalk toward me. Though I had never seen him before, I did not want him to see that I was in such low spirits, so I turned my head away and hoped to hurry past. I thought he’d walk on by, but he moved until he was directly in front of me, waited until I looked up, and then smiled. Looking into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice, “Whatever is wrong will pass. You’re going to be OK, just hang on.” He then smiled again and walked away. I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care! He gave me the one thing that I’d lost completely—hope. I looked for him in our school to thank him, but never saw him again. That was thirty years ago. And I’ve never forgotten that moment. Over the years, whenever I see someone who is in trouble, I will always think of that young man and try to give a flash of hope in the dark wherever I can. I carry things for people when they are too heavy for them, sit with naughty babies in the waiting room while their mothers are busy, or talk to tired couples at the checkout line or it could be anything. If you keep your head up, your heart will show you the place that needs hope. 1．How did the author feel when he was a freshman? A．Joyful. B．Desperate. C．Confident. D．Positive. 2．Where did the writer meet the young man? A．In the school. B．In the school bus. C．In the classroom. D．In the library. 3．What can we infer about the author from the passage? A．He was very grateful to that young man. B．He had known the young man for a long time. C．He avoided meeting the young man since then. D．He made friends with the young man afterwards. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．The young man always tried his best to help those who were in trouble. B．The author traveled to a lot of places to look for the young man but failed. C．It was the young man’s smile and words that made the author feel hopeful. D．The author had never been praised by others before he met the young man. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述高中一年级时作者陷入绝望，陌生年轻人的鼓励给予其希望，此后作者也常向他人传递希望。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I felt so hopeless and alone that I thought everything was impossible.(我感到绝望和孤独，我认为一切都是不可能的。)”可知，在高中一年级的时候，作者经历了一段无望的时光。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“On one such day, I was walking from class across the school to catch the school bus home, with my head down, fighting tears of total hopelessness, when a young man came down the sidewalk toward me. (有一天，我走出教室，穿过学校，赶校车回家，低着头，强忍绝望的泪水，这时一个年轻人从人行道上走向我。)”可知，作者是在学校见到了这个陌生人。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“I looked for him in our school to thank him, but never saw him again.(我在学校找他，想向他道谢，但再也没见过他)”可推知，作者非常感激那个年轻人。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Looking into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice: ‘Whatever is wrong will pass. You’re going to be OK, just hang on.’ He then smiled again and walked away (这个陌生人看着我的眼睛，轻声说：‘一切都会过去的。你会没事的，坚持住。’然后他又笑了笑，走开了。)”和第四段的“I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and caring! He gave me the one thing that I’d lost completely—hope.(我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响!他给了我一件我完全失去的东西——希望)”可推知，是那个年轻人的微笑和话语使作者感到有希望。故选C项。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 disaster n. 灾难，灾祸 hopelessness n. 绝望 unexpected kindness n. 意想不到的善良 effect n. 影响，效果 checkout line n. 结账队伍 长难句分析 原句：I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care! 译文：我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响！ 分析：本句是简单句。“the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care” 为宾语，其中 “of that man’s unexpected kindness and care” 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “the effect”。 中文翻译 当我上高中一年级的时候，我经历了一段可怕的时光，我生活的各个方面都一团糟。我感到如此绝望和孤独，以至于我认为一切都是不可能的。 有一天，我走出教室，穿过学校，赶校车回家，低着头，强忍绝望的泪水，这时一个年轻人从人行道上走向我。虽然我以前从未见过他，但我不想让他看到我情绪如此低落，所以我转过头，希望快点过去。我以为他会继续走，但他一直走到我面前，等着我抬起头，然后笑了。 这个陌生人看着我的眼睛，轻声说：“一切都会过去的。你会没事的，坚持住。” 然后他又笑了笑，走开了。 我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响！他给了我一件我完全失去的东西 —— 希望。我在学校找他，想向他道谢，但再也没见过他。 那是三十年前的事了。我从未忘记那一刻。多年来，每当我看到有人遇到麻烦时，我总会想起那个年轻人，并试图在黑暗中尽可能地给他们一丝希望。当人们搬东西太重时，我会帮他们搬；当妈妈们忙碌时，我会在候诊室里陪着调皮的婴儿；或者在结账队伍里和疲惫的夫妇聊天，或者其他任何事情。如果你抬起头，你的心会告诉你需要希望的地方。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司20 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点06 动名词（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中阶段的不仅能够正确使用动名词，还需掌握动名词的复合结构、动名词的被动形式及完成形式。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中动名词考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。 功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。 1．The soldiers tried many ways to prevent the flood from________ the roads and fields. A．destroy B．to destroy C．destroying D．destroyed 2．It's a pity that some students waste energy _________ on line. A．to chat B．chatting C．chat D．to chatting 3．Little Jack’s father suggested ______ the reference books online. A．order B．to order C．ordered D．ordering 4．You’d better spend more time having sports instead of     all day long. A．watch TV B．watched    TV C．to watch    TV D．watching TV 5．The young man practiced ________ every weekend to prepare for the coming competition. A．fish B．to fish C．fished D．fishing 6．The farmers on the farm are busy ________ apples on the trees. A．picking B．to pick C．pick D．picked 7．I wouldn’t mind ________ a roommate. We can help each other and save money every month. A．having B．to have C．have D．had 8．Mr. Taylor often says he prefers ________ volleyball to football. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 9．He’s stayed in Britain for several years, so he’s used to ________ on the left. A．drive B．driving C．drives D．drove 10．The driver denied ________ the serious car accident during the police interview. A．cause B．caused C．to cause D．causing 11．The teacher asked the students to avoid ________ too many mistakes in the exam. A．made B．to make C．have made D．making 12．I can’t imagine ________ in a city without public transportation. A．live B．lived C．to live D．living 13．The receptionist asked the lady if she would mind ________ in an information form. A．filling B．to fill C．filled D．fill 14．My father is considering ________ a new laptop computer for his new job. A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought 15．The politician denied ________ about his educational and working experience. A．lie B．lying C．to lying D．lied 【高中动名词考点聚焦】 课标解读 动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容 词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 要点精讲 1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 。抱怨无济于事。 It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering making a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied making a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy reading newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine doing that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested putting the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me staying here.他建议我呆在这儿。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. 考点归纳五、时态和语态 （重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 2.否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 2.动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 一、语法填空 1．As soon as he got out of the car, he went straight into the hall without (greet) anyone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Stop your car as soon as you can, but avoid (stop) near a building or under a tree. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Can you imagine the shy and silent girl (award) the first prize in the school speech competition? (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The continuous noise from the factory kept (upset) the local people, making it hard for them to sleep. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5． (admit) to Beijing University is what he has been dreaming of these years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had (organize) the school event. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．In spite of (reject) many times, she didn’t lose faith and finally made it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．He spends every minute he can (practise) his spoken English. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．He was really looking forward to (receive) your letter. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．He was crossing the street when a man was driving fast towards him and he narrowly escaped (knock) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．Taichi, a Chinese Martial art involves (do) very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.(所给词的适当形式填空) 12．The crocodile is used to passengers (throw) food from boats and now she is becoming familiar with humans. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．In my opinion, the film is well worth (see). (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Politicians are skilled at (defend) themselves against their critics. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．If the soup is a little salty, try (add) some water to it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．It’s our duty to take care of endangered animals and protect the forests from (destroy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．Students often have difficulty (understand) English grammar. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．The teacher’s strict rules prevented the students from (chat) during class. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．My kids spent hours (chat) with their friends on the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20． (think) about other people’s situations inspired me to offer help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21． (记学习日记) is a good learning habit. 22．过了一阵子，她发现上网可以帮助她减轻孤独和无聊。 After a while, she discovered that could help her feel less lonely and bored. 23．在阅览室内，我们不能大声说话。 We are not allowed to speak aloud . 24． , he realized he had left his key in the office. 他一到家就发现自己把钥匙落在办公室了。 25． made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 腿部受伤使我无法像往常一样快走。 26． (了解一点英国历史) will help you solve this puzzle. 27．政府应该多种树以阻止水土流失。 The government should plant more trees to prevent the soil away. 28．詹妮并不介意她的书被别的学生拿去用。 Jenny doesn’t mind and used by other students. 29．玛丽的爸爸因为她获了奖而非常高兴。Mary’s father is very happy because of . 30．What worried the child most was ________ ________ ________ ________ to visit his mother in the hospital. 让那个孩子担心的是不让他到医院看她妈妈。 一、语法填空 1．30% of American teenagers admit (lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．On hearing the joke we couldn’t help (laugh). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Mary, who is disabled, is strongly opposed to (treat) unfairly by others. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5．With the (raise) of standards of this school, more and more parents are trying their best to send their children to study here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day. （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Dr. Susan suggested Tom (take) his daughter to the zoo every Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 1．Tom is looking forward to 汤姆期待着遇见新来的交换生。 2．这个淘气的男孩子幸运地逃过了被毒蛇咬。 This naughty boy was so lucky to escape by a poisonous snake. 3．You’ve chosen a good tourist attraction and it’s (值得参观). 4．Hearing that you have trouble (适应) life in the new campus, I am concerned about you. 5．I am used to (在法国的乡下开车). 6．How about   (去图书馆) first to read books after shopping here? 7．In sports, there is no use (假装摔倒或者受伤), because in the end, the audience will see through it. 8．I will probably just spend the holiday (在家学习). 9． （接触expose）the arts may help people live longer. 10．他的车在半路上抛锚了，这导致他上班迟到了。 His car broke down on the halfway, which resulted in . 三、阅读理解 When I was in my first year of high school, I had a terrible time when every area of my life was a disaster. I felt so hopeless and alone that I thought everything was impossible. On one such day, I was walking from class across the school to catch the school bus home, with my head down, fighting tears of total hopelessness, when a young man came down the sidewalk toward me. Though I had never seen him before, I did not want him to see that I was in such low spirits, so I turned my head away and hoped to hurry past. I thought he’d walk on by, but he moved until he was directly in front of me, waited until I looked up, and then smiled. Looking into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice, “Whatever is wrong will pass. You’re going to be OK, just hang on.” He then smiled again and walked away. I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care! He gave me the one thing that I’d lost completely—hope. I looked for him in our school to thank him, but never saw him again. That was thirty years ago. And I’ve never forgotten that moment. Over the years, whenever I see someone who is in trouble, I will always think of that young man and try to give a flash of hope in the dark wherever I can. I carry things for people when they are too heavy for them, sit with naughty babies in the waiting room while their mothers are busy, or talk to tired couples at the checkout line or it could be anything. If you keep your head up, your heart will show you the place that needs hope. 1．How did the author feel when he was a freshman? A．Joyful. B．Desperate. C．Confident. D．Positive. 2．Where did the writer meet the young man? A．In the school. B．In the school bus. C．In the classroom. D．In the library. 3．What can we infer about the author from the passage? A．He was very grateful to that young man. B．He had known the young man for a long time. C．He avoided meeting the young man since then. D．He made friends with the young man afterwards. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．The young man always tried his best to help those who were in trouble. B．The author traveled to a lot of places to look for the young man but failed. C．It was the young man’s smile and words that made the author feel hopeful. D．The author had never been praised by others before he met the young man. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 disaster n. 灾难，灾祸 hopelessness n. 绝望 unexpected kindness n. 意想不到的善良 effect n. 影响，效果 checkout line n. 结账队伍 长难句分析 原句：I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care! 译文：我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响！ 分析：本句是简单句。“the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care” 为宾语，其中 “of that man’s unexpected kindness and care” 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “the effect”。 中文翻译 当我上高中一年级的时候，我经历了一段可怕的时光，我生活的各个方面都一团糟。我感到如此绝望和孤独，以至于我认为一切都是不可能的。 有一天，我走出教室，穿过学校，赶校车回家，低着头，强忍绝望的泪水，这时一个年轻人从人行道上走向我。虽然我以前从未见过他，但我不想让他看到我情绪如此低落，所以我转过头，希望快点过去。我以为他会继续走，但他一直走到我面前，等着我抬起头，然后笑了。 这个陌生人看着我的眼睛，轻声说：“一切都会过去的。你会没事的，坚持住。” 然后他又笑了笑，走开了。 我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响！他给了我一件我完全失去的东西 —— 希望。我在学校找他，想向他道谢，但再也没见过他。 那是三十年前的事了。我从未忘记那一刻。多年来，每当我看到有人遇到麻烦时，我总会想起那个年轻人，并试图在黑暗中尽可能地给他们一丝希望。当人们搬东西太重时，我会帮他们搬；当妈妈们忙碌时，我会在候诊室里陪着调皮的婴儿；或者在结账队伍里和疲惫的夫妇聊天，或者其他任何事情。如果你抬起头，你的心会告诉你需要希望的地方。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司13 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$