易错点 07 定语从句-2025年高考英语语法易错点综合精讲精练（新高考通用）

2025届高考语法易错点 07 定语从句 目 录 一、定语从句核心语法功能深度解析 1.定语从句的限定性与非限定性功能 ①修饰名词/代词的句法本质 ②与简单句/并列句的结构转换对比 2.关系词的双重角色（连接+成分替代） 3.从句的语序与关系词选择逻辑 二、定语从句关系词体系全解 1.关系代词（that/which/who等）考点体系 易错陷阱1：that vs which的6种禁用场景 易错陷阱2：who/whom/whose的格位区分 2.关系副词（when/where/why）考点体系 易错陷阱1：when/where与介词+which的替换条件 易错陷阱2：why仅修饰reason的限定范围 3.特殊关系词（as）考点体系 易错陷阱1：as引导非限定从句的固定结构 三、定语从句变形全攻略 1.简单句→定语从句的转换规则（合并同类名词） 2.介词提前结构的变形技巧（介词+which/whom） 3.易错变形警示（冗余代词/成分残缺/关系词误删） 四、高考真题解题四步法 第一步：定位先行词（判断修饰对象是否明确） 第二步：分析从句缺成分（缺主/宾/状选关系代词/副词） 第三步：根据语境排除禁用关系词（如非限定从句禁用that） 第四步：验证从句完整性（避免双主语或成分重叠） 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、定语从句核心语法功能深度解析 1. 定语从句的限定性与非限定性功能 ①修饰名词/代词的句法本质 限定性定语从句（紧扣高考“精准修饰”考点）。例如： The teacher who taught us last semester will attend the meeting. (明确“哪位老师”，删除后句意不完整) The laptop that I bought yesterday has a 20% discount. (限定“哪一台电脑”，用that口语化，符合高考常见选项) 非限定性定语从句（突出“补充信息+逗号”规则）。例如： Our school library, which was built in 1950, is being renovated. (补充信息，删除后不影响句意，用which非限定) Mr. Zhang, who won the "Top Educator" award, will give a speech. (逗号隔离，who不可替换为that) ② 与简单句/并列句的转换（强化句式灵活运用能力）： 定语从句→简单句（分词/介词短语替换）： 原句：The students who are studying in the classroom are preparing for Gaokao. 转换：The students studying in the classroom are preparing for Gaokao. 定语从句→并列句（非限定性从句专用）： 原句：The new gym, which is equipped with air conditioning, opens today. 转换：The new gym is equipped with air conditioning, and it opens today. 2. 关系词的双重角色（连接+成分替代） 高难度例句与考点解析 ① 复杂先行词（短语/句子作先行词）。例如： He failed the final exam, which surprised his parents. (which指代整个主句，非限定性从句，不可用that) The policy to reduce homework, which was announced yesterday, caused discussions. (which修饰不定式短语，需判断指代对象) ② 关系词在从句中的复杂成分 作介词宾语（介词提前结构）： The theoretical basis on which the experiment was conducted has been questioned. (on which = where，但强调“理论依据”需用介词+which) 作定语（whose+抽象名词）： The scientist whose research transformed the field won the Nobel Prize. (whose research = the research of whom，避免误用who’s) ③ 关系词省略的隐蔽情况 被动语态中省略关系代词： The methods (that) were applied in this study are outdated. (that作主语时可省略，但学生常误以为被动语态必须保留) 3. 从句的语序与关系词选择逻辑 高难度辨析与陷阱突破 ① 关系副词vs.介词+which的精准替换 例句对比： The lab where the explosion happened was closed. (where=in which，地点状语) The lab which the explosion happened in was closed. (which作介词宾语，非正式语体中介词可后置) 陷阱：The lab which the explosion happened was closed. (× 缺介词，happen必须接in/at等介词) ② 嵌套式定语从句（从句中含从句）。例如： The professor who wrote the book that we are reading will give a lecture. (先行词professor被嵌套从句修饰，需逐层分析成分) ③ 特殊关系词as的复杂用法 as引导非限定从句： As is shown in the data, the theory needs revision. (as指代整个主句，放在句首，不可用which替换) 高考拔高真题实战 The only factor ______ the team considered ______ decisive was cooperation. A. which; to be B. that; / C. what; as D. where; was 答案：B 解析：先行词factor被only修饰，必须用that（禁用which），排除A/C；从句缺宾语（considered后缺名词），that可省略；decisive前缺系动词，需补was（B项正确）。 二、定语从句关系词体系全解 1. 关系代词（that / which / who等）考点体系 关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)在定语从句中既起连接作用，又替代先行词在从句中充当成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。高考常考that与which的区别、who/whom/whose的格位区分，以及关系代词的省略。 【易错陷阱1】that vs which的6种禁用场景 规则总结： ✅ that 可用于限定性定语从句，指“人或物”，作主语或宾语（可省略）。 ❌ which 仅用于“物”，且在以下6种情况下禁用that，必须用which： 禁用that的情况 例句（正误对比） 解析 ①非限定性定语从句(逗号隔开) ×My car, that was expensive, broke down. √ My car, which was expensive, broke down. 非限定性从句只能用which/who，不能用that。 ②介词后(介词+which结构) × This is the house in that I lived. √ This is the house in which I lived. 介词后只能用which/whom，不能用that。 ③先行词是that/those × I don’t like those that are too sweet. √ I don’t like those which are too sweet. 避免that重复，用which。 ④先行词是“不定代词+物” (all, any, few, little, much, none等) × All that I have are books. √ All which I have are books. 传统语法认为此处应用which，但现代英语that也可接受(高考建议用which)。 ⑤ 先行词是“the way + 从句” × The way that he solved the problem was clever. √ The way in which he solved the problem was clever. 正式写作中，in which更规范，但口语可用that或省略。 ⑥先行词是“整个句子” × He was late, that made the teacher angry. √ He was late, which made the teacher angry. which可指代整个主句，that不能引导非限定性定语从句。 【高考特别提醒】 非限定性从句（带逗号）必须用which/who，不能用that！ 介词+关系代词（in which, for whom）只能用which/whom，不能用that！ 【易错陷阱2】who / whom / whose的格位区分 规则总结： ✅ who → 在从句中作主语（主格） ✅ whom → 在从句中作宾语（宾格，可省略） ✅ whose → 在从句中作定语（所有格，= of whom / of which） 关系代词 例句 成分分析 who（主语） The student who answered the question is brilliant. who在从句中作主语(= the student answered)。 whom（宾语） The man (whom) you met yesterday is my uncle. whom作met的宾语，可省略。 whose（定语） The girl whose father is a doctor won the competition. whose修饰father(= the girl’s father)。 【高考易错点】 1. who vs whom：判断从句是否缺主语： 缺主语→ who；缺宾语 → whom（可省略）。例如： × The teacher who we respect deeply is retiring. √ The teacher whom we respect deeply is retiring. (respect缺宾语，用whom) 2. whose vs who’s： whose = 所有格（= of whom/which）；who’s = who is / who has（完全不同的意思！）。例如： × The book who’s cover is torn is mine. √ The book whose cover is torn is mine. 【总结速记表】 关系代词 适用情况 高考高频考点 that 限定性从句，可指人或物 禁用情况（非限定/介词后/those等） which 指物，非限定性从句 介词+which结构 who 指人，作主语 who vs whom辨析 whom 指人，作宾语 可省略 whose 指人或物，作定语 ≠ who’s 2. 关系副词（when / where / why）考点体系 关系副词（when, where, why）在定语从句中不充当主语或宾语，而是作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。高考常考when/where与“介词+which”的互换，以及why的特定用法。 【易错陷阱1】when/where与“介词+which”的替换条件 规则总结： ✅ when = 时间状语 = 介词（on/in/at等） + which ✅ where = 地点状语 = 介词（in/at/on等） + which ❌ 不能互换的情况：当从句不是修饰时间或地点，而是其他成分时。 关系副词 “介词+which”替换 例句对比 解析 when = on/in/at which ✓ I remember the day when we met. = I remember the day on which we met. when替代“on the day”，作时间状语。 where = in/at/on which ✓ This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied. where替代“in the school”，作地点状语。 【高考易错点】 1. when/where 必须修饰时间/地点名词，否则要用“介词+which”： × This is the book where I found the answer.（×，book不是地点） ✓ This is the book in which I found the answer.（✓，in the book） 2. 介词选择取决于从句动词的搭配： ✓ The hotel where we stayed was comfortable. = The hotel at which we stayed...（stay at） ✓ The table where I put my keys is broken. = The table on which I put my keys...（put on） 【易错陷阱2】why仅修饰reason的限定范围 规则总结： ✅ why = for which，仅修饰先行词reason，表示原因。 ❌ 其他名词（如cause, explanation）不能用why，要用“介词+which”。 正确用法 错误用法 解析 ✓ The reason why he left is unknown. = The reason for which he left is unknown. × The cause why he failed was unclear. ✓ The cause for which he failed was unclear. why只能修饰reason，其他名词需用“for which”。 【高考特别提醒】： 1. why 只能搭配reason，其他名词（如cause, explanation, factor）必须用“for which”或“that”。 ✓ The explanation that he gave was unclear.（不能用why） 2. reason why 可以省略why，但reason后必须接完整从句： ✓ The reason (why) he was late was traffic. × The reason he was late because of traffic.（×，because不能与reason连用） 【总结速记表】 关系副词 功能 替换结构 高考关键点 when 时间状语 = 介词（on/in/at）+ which 只能修饰时间名词（day, year等） where 地点状语 = 介词（in/at/on）+ which 只能修饰地点名词（place, school等） why 原因状语 = for which 仅限修饰reason 3. 特殊关系词（as）考点体系 【易错陷阱1】as引导非限定从句的固定结构 ✅ 核心用法：as 引导非限定性定语从句时，指代整个主句，位置灵活（句首/句中/句末），常用于固定表达。 【高考高频结构】 As is known to all, the earth revolves around the sun. (= It is known to all that the earth...) 考点：as 代替整个主句，作从句主语，不可用which替换。 He was late for school, as often happened. (= which often happened，但as更强调“正如”) 考点：as 在句中作主语，指代前文内容。 As we expected, he passed the exam. (= Just as we expected) 考点：as 作宾语，表示“正如……”。 【常见错误】 × The weather is hot, which is usual in summer.（✓ 但不如as正式） ✓The weather is hot, as is usual in summer.（更符合书面语） 高考模拟题例句： ______ is shown in the report, air pollution remains a serious problem. A. It B. As C. That D. What ✅ B（As指代整个主句，作主语） 4.as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)核心区别总表 对比维度 as which 位置 主句前、中、后均可 仅限主句后 语义 “正如…”（已知/普遍事实） 单纯指代主句内容（可表意外结果） 指代范围 可指代整个主句或部分内容 通常指代整个主句 固定搭配 有（如 as we know） 无 是否可省略 不可省略 不可省略 (2)分维度详解与例句 ①位置灵活性 as的三种位置： 主句前：As the data shows, global temperatures are rising. 主句中（插入语形式，前后加逗号）：Global temperatures, as the data shows, are rising. 主句后：Global temperatures are rising, as the data shows. which 的严格限制： 只能位于主句后，且需用逗号隔开：Global temperatures are rising, which worries scientists. ❌ 错误示例： Which worries scientists, global temperatures are rising. （×） ②语义倾向对比 as强调“与预期/常识一致”： He won the championship, as we had predicted. (“他夺冠”与“我们预测”一致，强调符合预期） which强调“客观结果或补充说明”（可能含意外性）： He won the championship, which shocked his rivals. (“他夺冠”导致“对手震惊”，强调意外结果) ③指代范围差异 as可指代整个主句或主句部分内容： 指代整个主句： She speaks fluent French, as is rare for a beginner. (“as”指代“她说法语流利”这一整体情况) 指代部分内容（需上下文明确）： As a language, French is considered romantic. (“as”指代“French”而非整个句子) which 通常仅指代 整个主句： She speaks fluent French, which impressed the examiners. (which指代前文整句话) ④固定搭配与特殊用法 as的高频固定结构（均不可替换为 which）： As is known/mentioned/reported...（众所周知/如前所述/据报道…） e.g. As is reported, the conference will be held online. As often happens/As usual...（情况常常如此/像往常一样…） e.g. He arrived late, as often happens. which 的特殊情况： 可指代主句中特定名词（需避免歧义）： He gave her a diamond ring, which cost $10,000. (which明确指代ring，而非整个主句） (3)易错点与高考真题分析 易混淆场景； ①主句为否定句时：用 which（因as多表达“符合预期”，与否定矛盾）： He didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed his parents. （√） He didn’t pass the exam, as disappointed his parents. （×） ②从句含主观评价时：用 which（as 不接主观评价词如 lucky, strange 等）： She got full marks, which was amazing. （√） She got full marks, as was amazing. （×） 【高考模拟题示例】 1. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, ______ was more than we could expect. 【答案】which 【解析】此处强调“天气好”是“超出预期”的意外结果，且从句在主句后，只能用 which。 2. ______ is often the case, the team overcame difficulties and won. 【答案】As 【解析】固定搭配As is often the case（情况常常如此），且从句位于主句前。 (4)总结口诀（升级版）：as位置随心走，“正如”事实预期投；which句后不能溜，客观补充或意外收。固定搭配仅as有，否定评价which留。 三、定语从句变形全攻略 1.简单句→定语从句转换（高考必考） 转换规则：找到两个简单句中的重复名词，用关系词合并。 ①指人（who/whom/that） 原句：The boy is my cousin. He won the math competition. → The boy who won the math competition is my cousin. （作主语） 原句：The old man is a retired professor. We helped him cross the road. → The old man whom we helped cross the road is a retired professor. （作宾语） ②指物（which/that） 原句：The dictionary is very useful. I borrowed it from the library. → The dictionary which I borrowed from the library is very useful. 原句：The rules are strict. All students must follow them. → The rules that all students must follow are strict. ③whose表所属（人/物均可） 原句：The girl is a top student. Her parents are both scientists. → The girl whose parents are both scientists is a top student. 2.介词提前结构（高分亮点） 规则：当从句谓语含介词（如look after, talk about）时，可将介词提前，关系词只能用which/whom。 ①指物（介词+which） 原句：This is the project. We’ve been working on it for months. → This is the project on which we’ve been working for months. 原句：The problem is pollution. We should focus on it. → The problem on which we should focus is pollution. ②指人（介词+whom） 原句：The lady is our English teacher. We often turn to her for advice. → The lady to whom we often turn for advice is our English teacher. ③高考常见短语： in which = where（地点） The school in which I studied is famous. = The school where I studied is famous. for which = why（原因） The reason for which he was late was traffic. = The reason why he was late was traffic. 3.易错变形警示（高考改错高频考点） ①冗余代词（关系词已替代先行词，不可再加代词） 错误：The film which I watched it yesterday was boring. （×） 正确：The film which I watched yesterday was boring. （√） ②成分残缺（从句缺主语/宾语时，必须保留关系词） 错误：The book I bought yesterday the cover is torn. （×） 正确：The book whose cover I bought yesterday is torn. （√） ③关系词误删（非限制性定语从句不可省略关系词） 错误：My hometown, I grew up, is a small town. （×） 正确：My hometown, where I grew up, is a small town. （√） ④介词位置错误 错误：This is the house which I lived ten years ago. （×） 正确：This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. （√） 4.写作高分句式 ①非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开） 原句：The Great Wall is a symbol of China. It attracts millions of tourists. → The Great Wall, which attracts millions of tourists, is a symbol of China. ② “介词+which”替换普通关系词（更正式） 普通：The day when I met you was unforgettable. 高分：The day on which I met you was unforgettable. ③复杂先行词（指代整个句子） 原句：He always helps others. This makes him popular. → He always helps others, which makes him popular. 四、高考真题解题四步法 第一步：定位先行词（判断修饰对象是否明确） 第二步：分析从句缺成分（缺主/宾/状选关系代词/副词） 第三步：根据语境排除禁用关系词（如非限定从句禁用that） 第四步：验证从句完整性（避免双主语或成分重叠） 第一步：定位先行词（判断修饰对象是否明确） （一）限制性定语从句（高考高频考点） 1. The only problem ______ troubled him was the lack of experimental data. A. which B. who C. that D. where 四步法解析：先行词problem (物)，且被only修饰；从句缺主语(______ troubled him)，排除B(who指人)、D(where缺状语)。特殊规则：先行词被only修饰，必须用that。 ✅答案：C （二）非限制性定语从句（易错点） 2. The Three Gorges Dam, ______ generates clean energy, is a wonder of modern engineering. A. that B. which C. where D. when 四步法解析：先行词专有名词（The Three Gorges Dam），明确指代；从句缺主语（______ generates...），排除A(非限制性禁用that)、C/D(缺状语)。验证：无冗余成分。 ✅答案：B （三）介词+关系代词（高分区分点） 3.（清华附中月考题）The theoretical framework ______ the research is based needs revising. A. on which B. which C. where D. that 四步法解析：先行词framework（抽象地点）；从句还原：the research is based on the framework，排除：B/C/D均不能接介词on。验证：介词on必须提前。 ✅答案：A （四）复杂先行词（真题压轴难度） 4. He was late for the meeting, ______ made the manager furious. A. that B. which C. what D. this 四步法解析：先行词整个主句（迟到这件事）；从句缺主语（______ made...），排除：A(非限制性禁用that)、C/D(非关系词) 。验证：which指代整个事件。 ✅答案：B （五）高考改错题经典陷阱 5.（找出错误并改正）The professor whom we visited his laboratory yesterday is from MIT. 四步法解析：定位：whom在从句中作visited的宾语；his与whom重复指代。改正： 改为whose：The professor whose laboratory we visited yesterday is from MIT. ✅考点：关系代词与代词冗余 （六）写作高分句式（满分范文摘录） 真题范文例句：Artificial intelligence, the development of which has accelerated in recent years, poses both opportunities and challenges. 句式拆解：1. 非限制性定语从句；2. 名词+of which替代whose（更正式）；3. 现在完成时体现时间跨度 【专项训练】（2025高考预测） 1. The microorganism ______ this antibiotic targets has developed resistance. A. which B. at which C. for which D. 不填 2. The conference, ______ attendees exceeded 10,000, was held online. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 答案与解析： 1. ✅A（target为及物动词，缺宾语，不用介词） 2. ✅A（attendees与conference是所属关系，相当于the conference’s attendees） 第二步：分析从句缺成分 1. 从句缺主语或宾语 → 选关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose） 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。例如： The exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 【解析】先行词是“the exact year”，从句“Angela and her family spent together in China”中，spent 是及物动词，缺少宾语，因此用关系代词 which 代替“the exact year”作宾语。 I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me. 【解析】先行词是“the book”，从句“my classmates recommended to me”中，recommended 后缺宾语，因此用 which 指代“the book”作宾语。 2. 从句缺状语（时间、地点、原因）→ 选关系副词（when, where, why） 关系副词在从句中作状语，不可省略。例如： I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book. 【解析】先行词是“the day”，从句“my daughter can read this book”结构完整，但缺少时间状语，因此用 when 表示“在那一天”。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience. 【解析】先行词是“community activities”，从句“they can gain experience”结构完整，但缺少地点状语，因此用 where 表示“在活动中”。 3. 特殊情况：先行词是抽象名词（如 situation, case, point）时，可能用 where 表抽象地点，例如： The book helps me greatly at work where a good impression is a must. 【解析】先行词“work”是抽象概念，从句“a good impression is a must”结构完整，但缺少地点状语，因此用 where 表示“在工作场合”。 第三步：根据语境排除禁用关系词 1. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）→ 禁用 that，且关系词不可省略 非限制性定语从句 是对主句的补充说明，即使去掉也不影响主句意思，通常用逗号与主句隔开。禁用that，只能用 who, whom, which, whose, when, where 等。例如： The book, which my father bought me last year, has helped me a lot in my studies. ✅ 正确（非限制性定语从句，用 which） ❌ 错误：The book, that my father bought me last year, has...（非限制性从句不能用 that） Mr. Smith, who has taught English for 20 years, is retiring next month. ✅ 正确（非限制性定语从句，用 who） ❌ 错误：Mr. Smith, that has taught English for 20 years, is...（非限制性从句不能用 that） 2. 介词后 → 禁用 that，且指人时只能用 whom，指物时只能用 which 如果关系词前面有介词（如 in, on, with, for 等），则只能用 whom（人） 或 which（物），不能用 that/who。例如： This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. ✅ 正确（介词后只能用 which） ❌ 错误：This is the house in that Lu Xun once lived. The scientist with whom we had a discussion is from Harvard. ✅ 正确（介词后指人用 whom） ❌ 错误：The scientist with that/who we had a discussion... 3. 先行词是“人+物”并列 → 只能用 that 如果先行词既包括人又包括物，关系词只能用 that，不能用 which/who。例如： We talked about the people and things that we remembered from high school. ✅ 正确（“people and things”是人+物，只能用 that） ❌ 错误：We talked about the people and things which/who we remembered... 4. 先行词被“the only, the very, the last, any, few, little, no, all”等修饰 → 通常用 that 这些词强调唯一性或全部性，关系词一般用 that，但非限制性定语从句除外。例如： This is the only novel that I have read twice. ✅ 正确（“the only”修饰先行词，用 that） ❌ 错误：This is the only novel which I have read twice. 第四步：验证从句完整性（避免双主语或成分重叠） 在定语从句解题的过程中，必须确保从句结构完整且逻辑正确，避免出现 “双主语” 或 “成分重叠” 的错误。 1. 避免“双主语”错误（从句已有主语，不能再重复） 错误类型：在关系代词（who/which/that）已经充当主语的情况下，从句中又出现另一个主语，导致句子结构混乱。 纠正方法：如果关系代词在从句中作主语，从句原有的名词不能再充当主语。 ✅ 正确例句 The scientist who won the Nobel Prize is giving a lecture tomorrow. 分析：先行词是the scientist，定语从句who won the Nobel Prize (who作主语，从句结构完整)。如果写成 “The scientist who he won the Nobel Prize...” (❌ 错误，因为who已经是主语，再加he就重复了) The project which was completed last year has greatly improved traffic. 分析：先行词是the project，定语从句which was completed last year (which作主语，从句结构完整)。如果写成 “The project which it was completed last year...” (❌ 错误，which和it不能同时作主语) 2. 避免“成分重叠”（关系词与从句已有成分冲突） 错误类型：关系词在从句中已经充当某个成分(如宾语)，但句子又重复使用代词或副词，导致逻辑错误。 常见错误：关系代词作宾语时，从句中又用代词指代(如 him/it)；关系副词作状语时，从句中又用介词短语(如in it / at that time)。 ✅ 正确例句（高考真题） The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 分析：先行词是the book，定语从句：that I borrowed from the library (that作borrowed的宾语)。如果写成“The book that I borrowed it from the library...” (❌ 错误，that已经是宾语，不能再加 it)。 This is the town where I grew up. 分析：先行词是the town，定语从句where I grew up (where = in which，作地点状语)。如果写成“This is the town where I grew up in it.” (❌ 错误，where已经包含介词in，不能再加in it)。 3. 特殊情况：关系代词 whose 必须接名词，不能单独使用 whose 表示“某人的/某物的”，后面必须接名词，不能像 who/which 那样单独使用。 错误示范： ❌ The boy whose won the game is my brother. (whose不能单独作主语) ✅ The boy whose brother won the game is my friend. (whose +名词，结构正确) 总结：如何验证从句完整性？ 1. 检查是否有“双主语” (关系词 + 重复的主语代词 → 删掉多余的代词)。 2. 检查是否有“成分重叠” (关系代词作宾语时，不能再加 it/them等；关系副词作状语时，不能再加in it / at that time等)。 3. 检查whose是否接名词(whose必须修饰一个名词，不能单独使用)。 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 1. (2024年全国新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands __ (as) a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __ (richness) of gardening in England. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：温室作为当代设计的一个伟大成就，将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，将植物从它们在亚洲的本土栖息地带到英国，从而阐明了英国园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2. (2024年全国新课标II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)Yellowstone was the __ (largest) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 4. (2024年1月浙江高考英语)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为 way，故应填 that / which。 5. (2023·新课标全国III卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空前有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。 6. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...... 【解析】考查定语从句。此空修饰前面表示地点的名词，并同时在从句中做主语，只能用关系代词。故填that / which。 7. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处应用限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，并在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 8. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填who。 9. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned of a company _________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。 10. (2020·新高考全国I卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _________ opened in 1759. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。故填which / that。 11. (2020·全国I卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是表示地点的spot，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。 12. (2020·新高考全国II卷) The Digital World is a set of volumes _________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 【解析】考查定语从句。所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词volumes，指物，并在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 13. (2020·新高考全国III卷) In ancient China lived an artist _________ paintings were almost lifelike. 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词artist,指人，且定语从句中缺少定语，故填whose。 （2） 模拟训练 1.（24-25高三下·江苏·开学考试）The exhibition provided a platform China, France and international communities had a dialogue on cultural heritage conservation. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：此次展览为中法两国以及国际社会就文化遗产保护问题进行对话提供了一个平台。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导定语从句。故填where。 2.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）That being said, there are some examples of Chinese landscape paintings __________ rich colors are used extensively. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：话虽如此，也有一些中国山水画的例子，其中大量使用了丰富的色彩。分析句子可知，“____ rich colors are used extensively”是定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese landscape paintings，在从句中，先行词在地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）Jingshan Park has a very long history, dates back to 1179. 【解析】which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：景山公园有着非常悠久的历史，可以追溯到1179年。空格后为非限制性定语从句，修饰“history”，且从句缺少主语，需用关系代词“which”指代“history”。故填which。 4.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）Other factors might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social (anxiety) disorder, preferring to stay alone, or not knowing where to look for new friends. 【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：其他可能使人们更难交朋友的因素包括患有社交焦虑症、喜欢独处或不知道去哪里寻找新朋友。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词factors，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 5.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Furong Cave, as marvelous as the other sights, is the only cave in China __________ was listed in the World Natural Heritage List. 【解析】that 考查定语从句。句意：芙蓉洞与其他景点一样神奇，是中国唯一一个被列入世界自然遗产名录的洞穴。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the only cave，指物，从句中缺少主语，故应用that引导，故填that。 6.（24-25高三下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Don’t miss the very visual feast challenges people’s fixed images of animated films. 【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：不要错过这场挑战人们对动画电影固定印象的视觉盛宴。此处引导限制性定语从句修饰visual feast，且在从句中作主语，故用that或which。故填that/which。 7.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Congratulations to China and all Asian athletes on your inspiring Olympic success, achievements have not only redefined the limits of human potential but have also made a new era for Asia on the world stage. 【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：祝贺中国和所有亚洲运动员取得鼓舞人心的奥运成功，你们的成就不仅重新定义了人类潜力的极限，也在世界舞台上开启了亚洲的新时代。空处引导非限制定语从句，先行词是China and all Asian athletes，在定语从句中作achievements的定语，用 whose 引导定语从句，故填whose。 8.（2025·安徽·一模）This trend is partly due to the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit (过境) policy, __________ allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without needing a visa if they have a valid travel document (and) a connecting ticket for departure within 72 or 144 hours. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：这一趋势的部分原因是72小时和144小时过境免签政策，该政策允许来自54个国家的游客在不需要签证的情况下在中国停留最多6天，前提是他们持有有效的旅行证件和72小时或144小时内出发的联程机票。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit policy，且在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。 9.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Since 2015, Li has started posting short videos on Sina Weibo, __________ she, often dressed in graceful traditional garments, rises at sunrise, rests at sunset, plants seeds, harvests flowers, ___ (cooks) Chinese dishes and crafts bamboo furniture. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：自2015年以来，李开始在新浪微博上发布短视频，在视频中，她经常穿着优雅的传统服装，日出而起，日落而眠，播种，收割，烹饪中国菜和制作竹家具。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是short videos，关系词在从句中作地点状语，使用关系副词where引导，故填where。 10.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）The tea ceremony can be a form of meditation and self-reflection, __________ helps people to calm their minds and find inner peace. 【解析】which 考查非谓语动词。句意：它为人们在快节奏的世界中放慢脚步、与自然和传统建立联系提供了一种方式。名词way表“方式”，常用不定式作后置定语；a way (for sb.) to do sth.意为“(某人)做某事的方式”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to slow。 11.（2025·重庆·一模）Among the students (is) 66-year-old Ray Magri, has been studying Chinese for five years, driven by his passion for Chinese culture. 【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：学生中有66岁的Ray Magri，由于对中国文化的热爱，他已经学习中文五年了。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Ray Magri是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。 12.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）In the north, people tend to eat dumplings, shape looks like ears, in order to prevent people from frostbite (冻疮) on ears, (while) people in southern China prefer sweet dumplings, rice balls and long noodles to express their good wishes. 【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：在北方，人们倾向于吃饺子，饺子的形状像耳朵，以防止人们耳朵冻伤，而南方人则喜欢吃甜汤圆、汤圆和长寿面来表达他们的美好愿望。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dumplings，且先行词在从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 13.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Shanghai-based language and literature magazine Yaowen Jiaozi, literally meaning “biting phrases and chewing characters,” recently unveiled its Top 10 Chinese Buzzwords for 2024. Released on December 2, the list spotlights linguistic trends reflect societal changes. 【解析】which/that 考查定语从句。句意：该名单于12月2日发布，重点关注反映社会变化的语言趋势。“ reflect societal changes”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词linguistic trends，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导从句。故填which/that。 14.（24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）“It's very important for us British to be in Bath in this afternoon, __________ is the best and most elegant afternoon tea destination,”said Dianne Francombe, CEO of the Bristol and West of England China Bureau. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：这是最重要、最优雅的下午茶目的地。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Bath，指物，应填which，作定语从句的主语，故填which。 15.（2025·江西南昌·一模）There will be a phase exercising harder won't give you any extra years and may actually start doing damage (to) your body instead. 【解析】when 考查定语从句。句意：会有一个阶段，更努力的锻炼不会让你多活几年，反而可能开始损害你的身体。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是phase，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 16.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）In 2024, China’s museums are witnessing a remarkable revival, drawing ___ (crowds) of visitors and transforming into the most renowned cultural centers combine learning with enjoyment and relaxation. 【解析】that 考查定语从句。句意：2024年，中国的博物馆将迎来一场引人注目的复兴，吸引着大批游客，成为集学习与娱乐休闲于一体的最著名的文化中心。空处引导定语从句，先行词是cultural centers，在从句中作主语，先行词前有最高级修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。 17.（24-25高三下·广东·阶段练习）In the tourist city of Strasbourg, France, various street performers can be found, among is Zhao Yang, a Chinese student studying film at the University of Strasbourg. 【解析】whom 考查定语从句。句意：在法国旅游城市斯特拉斯堡，可以找到各种各样的街头表演者，其中包括在斯特拉斯堡大学学习电影的中国学生赵洋。她弹琵琶非常优雅。为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词performers，作介词的宾语，指人，故填whom。 18.（24-25高三下·海南省·开学考试）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：Tanya的目光不仅局限于特殊场合的礼服，她还计划将不那么正式的服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给需要长时间租赁的旅行者，比如那些要去国外参加婚礼的人。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“less formal clothing”，指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which引导。故填which。 19.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She hopes that young people will carry on the “Mogao Spirit” and build a better Dunhuang Academy, she spent her lifetime. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：她希望年轻一代可以发扬“莫高精神”，开创一个更好的敦煌研究院，这是她一生辛勤耕耘的地方。本句为定语从句，定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导限制性定语从句指代先行词Dunhuang Academy。故填where。 20.（24-25高三上·福建·期末）When Su was exiled (流放) to Hangzhou, he initiated a thorough dredging (清淤) of West Lake, benefits were immediate and clear for the locals. 【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：当苏被流放到杭州时，他开始对西湖进行彻底的疏浚，这对当地人来说是立竿见影的。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，指代前文“西湖疏浚的益处”即表示所属关系。故填whose。 21.（23-24高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The production techniques (were upgraded) and the patterns became more various, most of stood for good luck such as the fish, dragon and monkey. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：生产技术得到了升级，图案变得更加多样，其中大多数代表着好运，如鱼、龙和猴。在非限制性定语从句中缺少介词of的宾语，且先行词为patterns，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。 22.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）The China Pavilion appeared at the Palace of Festivals and Conferences for MIPCOM Cannes in France from Oct 21 to 24, (marking) the 21st time it has participated in the autumn TV festival, offers a series of events themed around “Focus on China, Stories Without Limits”. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：10月21日至24日，中国馆亮相法国戛纳MIPCOM影视节目展的节庆会议中心，这是其第21次参加秋季电视节，本届电视节以“聚焦中国，故事无界”为主题举办了一系列活动。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the autumn TV festival，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 23.（2021·陕西安康·三模）In fact, in the Kalahari Desert, watermelon is called “tsamma”, it is one of the main sources of water during the dry, hot season. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：实上，在喀拉哈里沙漠，西瓜被称为“tsamma”，它是干旱炎热季节的主要水源之一。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Kalahari Desert，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在喀拉哈里沙漠”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 24.（2025·山东·模拟预测）The performance YangBOT, has been praised by fans nationwide, is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress (and) cultural pride. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：这场名为“秧BOT”的表演受到了全国粉丝的赞誉，是中国科技进步与文化自豪感的完美结合。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“The performance YangBOT”，指物，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 25.（24-25高三下·山东聊城·阶段练习）Decorative art, can also be called craft, is designed not only to be visually (appealing) but also to serve a function. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：装饰艺术，也叫装饰工艺，其设计不仅要在视觉上产生吸引力，同时也要发挥一定功能。设空前后逗号隔开的部分是非限定性定语从句，先行词是 decorative art，从句缺主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填 which。 26.（24-25高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习）How could a teacher brain was just a big muscle help them improve their studies? 【解析】whose 考查定语从句。句意：一个满脑子都是肌肉的老师怎么能帮助他们提高学习成绩呢？空处引导定语从句，先行词是teacher，且从句中缺少定语来修饰brain，表示“老师的脑子”，因此用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 27.（2025届浙江省杭州市高三上学期一模）“Our candidacy for UNESCO (was supported) by China, for __________ we are so grateful,” says Salles. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：我们竞选联合国教科文组织成员得到了中国的支持，对此我们深表感谢。这里考查“介词+关系代词”构成的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，所以这里应用关系代词which。故填which。 28.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期中）Such (a) large and important forum like this is very important for the development of Tibetan medicine, a very old tradition has been helping Tibetans and other people for many centuries, if not thousands of years. 【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：这样一个大型而重要的讨论会对藏医药的发展非常重要，藏医药是一种非常古老的传统，几个世纪以来，如果不说几千年来的话，一直在帮助藏民和其他人。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a very old tradition，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以应用that或which引导。故填that/which。 29.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）Lu Fuquan, their team leader and instructor from Peking University, has been a cycling enthusiast for many years, is also fond of Beijing’s historical and cultural heritage. 【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：他们的领队兼指导员卢福全多年来一直是自行车爱好者，他也喜欢北京的历史文化遗产。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处为关系词，因先行词为卢福全，指人，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 30.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）For example, Bush imagines thoughtful designs in a Scandinavian-style bedroom he’d center the space with a solid wood bed frame and headboard in a natural color. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：例如，布什设想在Scandinavian风格的卧室中进行深思熟虑的设计，在那里他将以实木床架和自然颜色的床头板作为空间的中心。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词bedroom是地方，作从句的地点状语，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 31.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）This is reflected in DeepSeek’s breakthroughs humanoid robots performed a synchronized yangge dance at the country’s most-watched television show. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：这反映在DeepSeek的突破上，人形机器人在全国收视率最高的电视节目上表演了同步秧歌。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词breakthroughs是抽象地点，因此空格处用关系副词where，故填where。 32.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）It emerged from the rich soil of Chinese traditional philosophy, __________ emphasizes the unity and mutual transformation of yin and yang. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：它源于中国传统哲学的沃土，强调阴阳的统一和相互转化。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese traditional philosophy。先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 33.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）However, the tradition has declined over the years due to rapid urbanization, scarcity of wood and lack of available construction space, all of threaten its transmission and survival. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：由于快速的城市化、木材的稀缺和可用建筑空间的缺乏，这传统已经衰落，所有这些都可能威胁到它的传播和生存。两个谓语动词has declined和threaten之间需用连词，关系代词which引导定语从句修饰先行词urbanization, scarcity… and lack…, which替代先行词作介词of的宾语。故填which。 34.（2024·河南·一模）The primary language for the research papers delve into the complexities of pulsar emissions and their impact on space-time, is actually English. 【解析】that/which 考查定语从句。句意：研究脉冲星发射的复杂性及其对时空影响的论文的主要语言实际上是英语。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为the research papers，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that或which。 35.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）Even then, the change will only happen (on) the basis of each individual case, and it puts the lives and well-being of innocents at the mercy of those are too lazy to change their habits. 【解析】who 考查定语从句。句意：即便如此，这种改变也只会发生在每个个案的基础上，它将无辜者的生命和福祉置于那些懒得改变习惯的人的摆布之下。空处引导定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 36.（24-25高三上·云南曲靖·期末）Following a public vote more than 37,000 people had their say, we’re pleased to announce that the Oxford Word of the Year for 2024 is ‌“brain rot”. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：经过一场有超过37000人参与表态的公众投票，我们很高兴地宣布，2024年牛津年度词汇是“brain rot”。“ more than 37,000 people had their say”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a public vote，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，表示“在公众投票中”，是模糊地点，用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。 37.（24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）It is as if the weight of an entire country’s cultural export has been placed on a developer practically nobody would even have been able to name prior to this game’s release, and Game Science is clearly unused to the scrutiny (审视) it has received. 【解析】who/whom/that 考查定语从句。句意：这就好像一个国家的全部文化输出的重任都落在了一个在这款游戏发布之前几乎没人能叫得出名字的开发者身上，而游戏科学显然还不习惯它所受到的审视。这里是定语从句，先行词是developer，指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用who/whom/that引导。故填who/whom/that。 38.（2025·山东济南·一模）Hotpot, a typical Chinese dish, has taken centre stage in London, described as an “adventure” locals could enjoy genuine Sichuan cuisine and unfamiliar cultural experiences. 【解析】where 考查定语从句。句意：火锅，一道典型的中国菜，在伦敦占据了中心舞台，被描述为当地人可以享受正宗四川菜和陌生文化体验的“冒险”。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词adventure，且在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 39.（24-25高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In the past, Chinese animation (was seen) as products for a younger audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities struggled to match with Hollywood or Japanese animation. 【解析】which/that 考查定语从句。句意：在过去，中国动画被视为面向年轻观众的产品，其技术标准和叙事能力难以与好莱坞或日本动画相媲美。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词technical standards and narrative abilities。先行词指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。 40.（2025·辽宁·一模） (Constructed) in the I8th century, the pavilion was designed in the Chinese Rococo style, __________ combined European Rococo elements with traditional Chinese architectural features like tower ___ (roofs) and dragon themes. 【解析】which 考查定语从句。句意：这座亭子建于18世纪，采用了中国洛可可风格设计，将欧洲洛可可元素与中国传统建筑特征相结合，如塔楼屋顶和龙形主题。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the pavilion”，指物，在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导。故填which。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届高考语法易错点 07 定语从句 目 录 一、定语从句核心语法功能深度解析 1.定语从句的限定性与非限定性功能 ①修饰名词/代词的句法本质 ②与简单句/并列句的结构转换对比 2.关系词的双重角色（连接+成分替代） 3.从句的语序与关系词选择逻辑 二、定语从句关系词体系全解 1.关系代词（that/which/who等）考点体系 易错陷阱1：that vs which的6种禁用场景 易错陷阱2：who/whom/whose的格位区分 2.关系副词（when/where/why）考点体系 易错陷阱1：when/where与介词+which的替换条件 易错陷阱2：why仅修饰reason的限定范围 3.特殊关系词（as）考点体系 易错陷阱1：as引导非限定从句的固定结构 三、定语从句变形全攻略 1.简单句→定语从句的转换规则（合并同类名词） 2.介词提前结构的变形技巧（介词+which/whom） 3.易错变形警示（冗余代词/成分残缺/关系词误删） 四、高考真题解题四步法 第一步：定位先行词（判断修饰对象是否明确） 第二步：分析从句缺成分（缺主/宾/状选关系代词/副词） 第三步：根据语境排除禁用关系词（如非限定从句禁用that） 第四步：验证从句完整性（避免双主语或成分重叠） 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、定语从句核心语法功能深度解析 1. 定语从句的限定性与非限定性功能 ①修饰名词/代词的句法本质 限定性定语从句（紧扣高考“精准修饰”考点）。例如： The teacher who taught us last semester will attend the meeting. (明确“哪位老师”，删除后句意不完整) The laptop that I bought yesterday has a 20% discount. (限定“哪一台电脑”，用that口语化，符合高考常见选项) 非限定性定语从句（突出“补充信息+逗号”规则）。例如： Our school library, which was built in 1950, is being renovated. (补充信息，删除后不影响句意，用which非限定) Mr. Zhang, who won the "Top Educator" award, will give a speech. (逗号隔离，who不可替换为that) ② 与简单句/并列句的转换（强化句式灵活运用能力）： 定语从句→简单句（分词/介词短语替换）： 原句：The students who are studying in the classroom are preparing for Gaokao. 转换：The students studying in the classroom are preparing for Gaokao. 定语从句→并列句（非限定性从句专用）： 原句：The new gym, which is equipped with air conditioning, opens today. 转换：The new gym is equipped with air conditioning, and it opens today. 2. 关系词的双重角色（连接+成分替代） 高难度例句与考点解析 ① 复杂先行词（短语/句子作先行词）。例如： He failed the final exam, which surprised his parents. (which指代整个主句，非限定性从句，不可用that) The policy to reduce homework, which was announced yesterday, caused discussions. (which修饰不定式短语，需判断指代对象) ② 关系词在从句中的复杂成分 作介词宾语（介词提前结构）： The theoretical basis on which the experiment was conducted has been questioned. (on which = where，但强调“理论依据”需用介词+which) 作定语（whose+抽象名词）： The scientist whose research transformed the field won the Nobel Prize. (whose research = the research of whom，避免误用who’s) ③ 关系词省略的隐蔽情况 被动语态中省略关系代词： The methods (that) were applied in this study are outdated. (that作主语时可省略，但学生常误以为被动语态必须保留) 3. 从句的语序与关系词选择逻辑 高难度辨析与陷阱突破 ① 关系副词vs.介词+which的精准替换 例句对比： The lab where the explosion happened was closed. (where=in which，地点状语) The lab which the explosion happened in was closed. (which作介词宾语，非正式语体中介词可后置) 陷阱：The lab which the explosion happened was closed. (× 缺介词，happen必须接in/at等介词) ② 嵌套式定语从句（从句中含从句）。例如： The professor who wrote the book that we are reading will give a lecture. (先行词professor被嵌套从句修饰，需逐层分析成分) ③ 特殊关系词as的复杂用法 as引导非限定从句： As is shown in the data, the theory needs revision. (as指代整个主句，放在句首，不可用which替换) 高考拔高真题实战 The only factor ______ the team considered ______ decisive was cooperation. A. which; to be B. that; / C. what; as D. where; was 答案：B 解析：先行词factor被only修饰，必须用that（禁用which），排除A/C；从句缺宾语（considered后缺名词），that可省略；decisive前缺系动词，需补was（B项正确）。 二、定语从句关系词体系全解 1. 关系代词（that / which / who等）考点体系 关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)在定语从句中既起连接作用，又替代先行词在从句中充当成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。高考常考that与which的区别、who/whom/whose的格位区分，以及关系代词的省略。 【易错陷阱1】that vs which的6种禁用场景 规则总结： ✅ that 可用于限定性定语从句，指“人或物”，作主语或宾语（可省略）。 ❌ which 仅用于“物”，且在以下6种情况下禁用that，必须用which： 禁用that的情况 例句（正误对比） 解析 ①非限定性定语从句(逗号隔开) ×My car, that was expensive, broke down. √ My car, which was expensive, broke down. 非限定性从句只能用which/who，不能用that。 ②介词后(介词+which结构) × This is the house in that I lived. √ This is the house in which I lived. 介词后只能用which/whom，不能用that。 ③先行词是that/those × I don’t like those that are too sweet. √ I don’t like those which are too sweet. 避免that重复，用which。 ④先行词是“不定代词+物” (all, any, few, little, much, none等) × All that I have are books. √ All which I have are books. 传统语法认为此处应用which，但现代英语that也可接受(高考建议用which)。 ⑤ 先行词是“the way + 从句” × The way that he solved the problem was clever. √ The way in which he solved the problem was clever. 正式写作中，in which更规范，但口语可用that或省略。 ⑥先行词是“整个句子” × He was late, that made the teacher angry. √ He was late, which made the teacher angry. which可指代整个主句，that不能引导非限定性定语从句。 【高考特别提醒】 非限定性从句（带逗号）必须用which/who，不能用that！ 介词+关系代词（in which, for whom）只能用which/whom，不能用that！ 【易错陷阱2】who / whom / whose的格位区分 规则总结： ✅ who → 在从句中作主语（主格） ✅ whom → 在从句中作宾语（宾格，可省略） ✅ whose → 在从句中作定语（所有格，= of whom / of which） 关系代词 例句 成分分析 who（主语） The student who answered the question is brilliant. who在从句中作主语(= the student answered)。 whom（宾语） The man (whom) you met yesterday is my uncle. whom作met的宾语，可省略。 whose（定语） The girl whose father is a doctor won the competition. whose修饰father(= the girl’s father)。 【高考易错点】 1. who vs whom：判断从句是否缺主语： 缺主语→ who；缺宾语 → whom（可省略）。例如： × The teacher who we respect deeply is retiring. √ The teacher whom we respect deeply is retiring. (respect缺宾语，用whom) 2. whose vs who’s： whose = 所有格（= of whom/which）；who’s = who is / who has（完全不同的意思！）。例如： × The book who’s cover is torn is mine. √ The book whose cover is torn is mine. 【总结速记表】 关系代词 适用情况 高考高频考点 that 限定性从句，可指人或物 禁用情况（非限定/介词后/those等） which 指物，非限定性从句 介词+which结构 who 指人，作主语 who vs whom辨析 whom 指人，作宾语 可省略 whose 指人或物，作定语 ≠ who’s 2. 关系副词（when / where / why）考点体系 关系副词（when, where, why）在定语从句中不充当主语或宾语，而是作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。高考常考when/where与“介词+which”的互换，以及why的特定用法。 【易错陷阱1】when/where与“介词+which”的替换条件 规则总结： ✅ when = 时间状语 = 介词（on/in/at等） + which ✅ where = 地点状语 = 介词（in/at/on等） + which ❌ 不能互换的情况：当从句不是修饰时间或地点，而是其他成分时。 关系副词 “介词+which”替换 例句对比 解析 when = on/in/at which ✓ I remember the day when we met. = I remember the day on which we met. when替代“on the day”，作时间状语。 where = in/at/on which ✓ This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied. where替代“in the school”，作地点状语。 【高考易错点】 1. when/where 必须修饰时间/地点名词，否则要用“介词+which”： × This is the book where I found the answer.（×，book不是地点） ✓ This is the book in which I found the answer.（✓，in the book） 2. 介词选择取决于从句动词的搭配： ✓ The hotel where we stayed was comfortable. = The hotel at which we stayed...（stay at） ✓ The table where I put my keys is broken. = The table on which I put my keys...（put on） 【易错陷阱2】why仅修饰reason的限定范围 规则总结： ✅ why = for which，仅修饰先行词reason，表示原因。 ❌ 其他名词（如cause, explanation）不能用why，要用“介词+which”。 正确用法 错误用法 解析 ✓ The reason why he left is unknown. = The reason for which he left is unknown. × The cause why he failed was unclear. ✓ The cause for which he failed was unclear. why只能修饰reason，其他名词需用“for which”。 【高考特别提醒】： 1. why 只能搭配reason，其他名词（如cause, explanation, factor）必须用“for which”或“that”。 ✓ The explanation that he gave was unclear.（不能用why） 2. reason why 可以省略why，但reason后必须接完整从句： ✓ The reason (why) he was late was traffic. × The reason he was late because of traffic.（×，because不能与reason连用） 【总结速记表】 关系副词 功能 替换结构 高考关键点 when 时间状语 = 介词（on/in/at）+ which 只能修饰时间名词（day, year等） where 地点状语 = 介词（in/at/on）+ which 只能修饰地点名词（place, school等） why 原因状语 = for which 仅限修饰reason 3. 特殊关系词（as）考点体系 【易错陷阱1】as引导非限定从句的固定结构 ✅ 核心用法：as 引导非限定性定语从句时，指代整个主句，位置灵活（句首/句中/句末），常用于固定表达。 【高考高频结构】 As is known to all, the earth revolves around the sun. (= It is known to all that the earth...) 考点：as 代替整个主句，作从句主语，不可用which替换。 He was late for school, as often happened. (= which often happened，但as更强调“正如”) 考点：as 在句中作主语，指代前文内容。 As we expected, he passed the exam. (= Just as we expected) 考点：as 作宾语，表示“正如……”。 【常见错误】 × The weather is hot, which is usual in summer.（✓ 但不如as正式） ✓The weather is hot, as is usual in summer.（更符合书面语） 高考模拟题例句： ______ is shown in the report, air pollution remains a serious problem. A. It B. As C. That D. What ✅ B（As指代整个主句，作主语） 4.as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 (1)核心区别总表 对比维度 as which 位置 主句前、中、后均可 仅限主句后 语义 “正如…”（已知/普遍事实） 单纯指代主句内容（可表意外结果） 指代范围 可指代整个主句或部分内容 通常指代整个主句 固定搭配 有（如 as we know） 无 是否可省略 不可省略 不可省略 (2)分维度详解与例句 ①位置灵活性 as的三种位置： 主句前：As the data shows, global temperatures are rising. 主句中（插入语形式，前后加逗号）：Global temperatures, as the data shows, are rising. 主句后：Global temperatures are rising, as the data shows. which 的严格限制： 只能位于主句后，且需用逗号隔开：Global temperatures are rising, which worries scientists. ❌ 错误示例： Which worries scientists, global temperatures are rising. （×） ②语义倾向对比 as强调“与预期/常识一致”： He won the championship, as we had predicted. (“他夺冠”与“我们预测”一致，强调符合预期） which强调“客观结果或补充说明”（可能含意外性）： He won the championship, which shocked his rivals. (“他夺冠”导致“对手震惊”，强调意外结果) ③指代范围差异 as可指代整个主句或主句部分内容： 指代整个主句： She speaks fluent French, as is rare for a beginner. (“as”指代“她说法语流利”这一整体情况) 指代部分内容（需上下文明确）： As a language, French is considered romantic. (“as”指代“French”而非整个句子) which 通常仅指代 整个主句： She speaks fluent French, which impressed the examiners. (which指代前文整句话) ④固定搭配与特殊用法 as的高频固定结构（均不可替换为 which）： As is known/mentioned/reported...（众所周知/如前所述/据报道…） e.g. As is reported, the conference will be held online. As often happens/As usual...（情况常常如此/像往常一样…） e.g. He arrived late, as often happens. which 的特殊情况： 可指代主句中特定名词（需避免歧义）： He gave her a diamond ring, which cost $10,000. (which明确指代ring，而非整个主句） (3)易错点与高考真题分析 易混淆场景； ①主句为否定句时：用 which（因as多表达“符合预期”，与否定矛盾）： He didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed his parents. （√） He didn’t pass the exam, as disappointed his parents. （×） ②从句含主观评价时：用 which（as 不接主观评价词如 lucky, strange 等）： She got full marks, which was amazing. （√） She got full marks, as was amazing. （×） 【高考模拟题示例】 1. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, ______ was more than we could expect. 【答案】which 【解析】此处强调“天气好”是“超出预期”的意外结果，且从句在主句后，只能用 which。 2. ______ is often the case, the team overcame difficulties and won. 【答案】As 【解析】固定搭配As is often the case（情况常常如此），且从句位于主句前。 (4)总结口诀（升级版）：as位置随心走，“正如”事实预期投；which句后不能溜，客观补充或意外收。固定搭配仅as有，否定评价which留。 三、定语从句变形全攻略 1.简单句→定语从句转换（高考必考） 转换规则：找到两个简单句中的重复名词，用关系词合并。 ①指人（who/whom/that） 原句：The boy is my cousin. He won the math competition. → The boy who won the math competition is my cousin. （作主语） 原句：The old man is a retired professor. We helped him cross the road. → The old man whom we helped cross the road is a retired professor. （作宾语） ②指物（which/that） 原句：The dictionary is very useful. I borrowed it from the library. → The dictionary which I borrowed from the library is very useful. 原句：The rules are strict. All students must follow them. → The rules that all students must follow are strict. ③whose表所属（人/物均可） 原句：The girl is a top student. Her parents are both scientists. → The girl whose parents are both scientists is a top student. 2.介词提前结构（高分亮点） 规则：当从句谓语含介词（如look after, talk about）时，可将介词提前，关系词只能用which/whom。 ①指物（介词+which） 原句：This is the project. We’ve been working on it for months. → This is the project on which we’ve been working for months. 原句：The problem is pollution. We should focus on it. → The problem on which we should focus is pollution. ②指人（介词+whom） 原句：The lady is our English teacher. We often turn to her for advice. → The lady to whom we often turn for advice is our English teacher. ③高考常见短语： in which = where（地点） The school in which I studied is famous. = The school where I studied is famous. for which = why（原因） The reason for which he was late was traffic. = The reason why he was late was traffic. 3.易错变形警示（高考改错高频考点） ①冗余代词（关系词已替代先行词，不可再加代词） 错误：The film which I watched it yesterday was boring. （×） 正确：The film which I watched yesterday was boring. （√） ②成分残缺（从句缺主语/宾语时，必须保留关系词） 错误：The book I bought yesterday the cover is torn. （×） 正确：The book whose cover I bought yesterday is torn. （√） ③关系词误删（非限制性定语从句不可省略关系词） 错误：My hometown, I grew up, is a small town. （×） 正确：My hometown, where I grew up, is a small town. （√） ④介词位置错误 错误：This is the house which I lived ten years ago. （×） 正确：This is the house in which I lived ten years ago. （√） 4.写作高分句式 ①非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开） 原句：The Great Wall is a symbol of China. It attracts millions of tourists. → The Great Wall, which attracts millions of tourists, is a symbol of China. ② “介词+which”替换普通关系词（更正式） 普通：The day when I met you was unforgettable. 高分：The day on which I met you was unforgettable. ③复杂先行词（指代整个句子） 原句：He always helps others. This makes him popular. → He always helps others, which makes him popular. 四、高考真题解题四步法 第一步：定位先行词（判断修饰对象是否明确） 第二步：分析从句缺成分（缺主/宾/状选关系代词/副词） 第三步：根据语境排除禁用关系词（如非限定从句禁用that） 第四步：验证从句完整性（避免双主语或成分重叠） 第一步：定位先行词（判断修饰对象是否明确） （一）限制性定语从句（高考高频考点） 1. The only problem ______ troubled him was the lack of experimental data. A. which B. who C. that D. where 四步法解析：先行词problem (物)，且被only修饰；从句缺主语(______ troubled him)，排除B(who指人)、D(where缺状语)。特殊规则：先行词被only修饰，必须用that。 ✅答案：C （二）非限制性定语从句（易错点） 2. The Three Gorges Dam, ______ generates clean energy, is a wonder of modern engineering. A. that B. which C. where D. when 四步法解析：先行词专有名词（The Three Gorges Dam），明确指代；从句缺主语（______ generates...），排除A(非限制性禁用that)、C/D(缺状语)。验证：无冗余成分。 ✅答案：B （三）介词+关系代词（高分区分点） 3.（清华附中月考题）The theoretical framework ______ the research is based needs revising. A. on which B. which C. where D. that 四步法解析：先行词framework（抽象地点）；从句还原：the research is based on the framework，排除：B/C/D均不能接介词on。验证：介词on必须提前。 ✅答案：A （四）复杂先行词（真题压轴难度） 4. He was late for the meeting, ______ made the manager furious. A. that B. which C. what D. this 四步法解析：先行词整个主句（迟到这件事）；从句缺主语（______ made...），排除：A(非限制性禁用that)、C/D(非关系词) 。验证：which指代整个事件。 ✅答案：B （五）高考改错题经典陷阱 5.（找出错误并改正）The professor whom we visited his laboratory yesterday is from MIT. 四步法解析：定位：whom在从句中作visited的宾语；his与whom重复指代。改正： 改为whose：The professor whose laboratory we visited yesterday is from MIT. ✅考点：关系代词与代词冗余 （六）写作高分句式（满分范文摘录） 真题范文例句：Artificial intelligence, the development of which has accelerated in recent years, poses both opportunities and challenges. 句式拆解：1. 非限制性定语从句；2. 名词+of which替代whose（更正式）；3. 现在完成时体现时间跨度 【专项训练】（2025高考预测） 1. The microorganism ______ this antibiotic targets has developed resistance. A. which B. at which C. for which D. 不填 2. The conference, ______ attendees exceeded 10,000, was held online. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 答案与解析： 1. ✅A（target为及物动词，缺宾语，不用介词） 2. ✅A（attendees与conference是所属关系，相当于the conference’s attendees） 第二步：分析从句缺成分 1. 从句缺主语或宾语 → 选关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose） 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。例如： The exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 【解析】先行词是“the exact year”，从句“Angela and her family spent together in China”中，spent 是及物动词，缺少宾语，因此用关系代词 which 代替“the exact year”作宾语。 I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me. 【解析】先行词是“the book”，从句“my classmates recommended to me”中，recommended 后缺宾语，因此用 which 指代“the book”作宾语。 2. 从句缺状语（时间、地点、原因）→ 选关系副词（when, where, why） 关系副词在从句中作状语，不可省略。例如： I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book. 【解析】先行词是“the day”，从句“my daughter can read this book”结构完整，但缺少时间状语，因此用 when 表示“在那一天”。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience. 【解析】先行词是“community activities”，从句“they can gain experience”结构完整，但缺少地点状语，因此用 where 表示“在活动中”。 3. 特殊情况：先行词是抽象名词（如 situation, case, point）时，可能用 where 表抽象地点，例如： The book helps me greatly at work where a good impression is a must. 【解析】先行词“work”是抽象概念，从句“a good impression is a must”结构完整，但缺少地点状语，因此用 where 表示“在工作场合”。 第三步：根据语境排除禁用关系词 1. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）→ 禁用 that，且关系词不可省略 非限制性定语从句 是对主句的补充说明，即使去掉也不影响主句意思，通常用逗号与主句隔开。禁用that，只能用 who, whom, which, whose, when, where 等。例如： The book, which my father bought me last year, has helped me a lot in my studies. ✅ 正确（非限制性定语从句，用 which） ❌ 错误：The book, that my father bought me last year, has...（非限制性从句不能用 that） Mr. Smith, who has taught English for 20 years, is retiring next month. ✅ 正确（非限制性定语从句，用 who） ❌ 错误：Mr. Smith, that has taught English for 20 years, is...（非限制性从句不能用 that） 2. 介词后 → 禁用 that，且指人时只能用 whom，指物时只能用 which 如果关系词前面有介词（如 in, on, with, for 等），则只能用 whom（人） 或 which（物），不能用 that/who。例如： This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. ✅ 正确（介词后只能用 which） ❌ 错误：This is the house in that Lu Xun once lived. The scientist with whom we had a discussion is from Harvard. ✅ 正确（介词后指人用 whom） ❌ 错误：The scientist with that/who we had a discussion... 3. 先行词是“人+物”并列 → 只能用 that 如果先行词既包括人又包括物，关系词只能用 that，不能用 which/who。例如： We talked about the people and things that we remembered from high school. ✅ 正确（“people and things”是人+物，只能用 that） ❌ 错误：We talked about the people and things which/who we remembered... 4. 先行词被“the only, the very, the last, any, few, little, no, all”等修饰 → 通常用 that 这些词强调唯一性或全部性，关系词一般用 that，但非限制性定语从句除外。例如： This is the only novel that I have read twice. ✅ 正确（“the only”修饰先行词，用 that） ❌ 错误：This is the only novel which I have read twice. 第四步：验证从句完整性（避免双主语或成分重叠） 在定语从句解题的过程中，必须确保从句结构完整且逻辑正确，避免出现 “双主语” 或 “成分重叠” 的错误。 1. 避免“双主语”错误（从句已有主语，不能再重复） 错误类型：在关系代词（who/which/that）已经充当主语的情况下，从句中又出现另一个主语，导致句子结构混乱。 纠正方法：如果关系代词在从句中作主语，从句原有的名词不能再充当主语。 ✅ 正确例句 The scientist who won the Nobel Prize is giving a lecture tomorrow. 分析：先行词是the scientist，定语从句who won the Nobel Prize (who作主语，从句结构完整)。如果写成 “The scientist who he won the Nobel Prize...” (❌ 错误，因为who已经是主语，再加he就重复了) The project which was completed last year has greatly improved traffic. 分析：先行词是the project，定语从句which was completed last year (which作主语，从句结构完整)。如果写成 “The project which it was completed last year...” (❌ 错误，which和it不能同时作主语) 2. 避免“成分重叠”（关系词与从句已有成分冲突） 错误类型：关系词在从句中已经充当某个成分(如宾语)，但句子又重复使用代词或副词，导致逻辑错误。 常见错误：关系代词作宾语时，从句中又用代词指代(如 him/it)；关系副词作状语时，从句中又用介词短语(如in it / at that time)。 ✅ 正确例句（高考真题） The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 分析：先行词是the book，定语从句：that I borrowed from the library (that作borrowed的宾语)。如果写成“The book that I borrowed it from the library...” (❌ 错误，that已经是宾语，不能再加 it)。 This is the town where I grew up. 分析：先行词是the town，定语从句where I grew up (where = in which，作地点状语)。如果写成“This is the town where I grew up in it.” (❌ 错误，where已经包含介词in，不能再加in it)。 3. 特殊情况：关系代词 whose 必须接名词，不能单独使用 whose 表示“某人的/某物的”，后面必须接名词，不能像 who/which 那样单独使用。 错误示范： ❌ The boy whose won the game is my brother. (whose不能单独作主语) ✅ The boy whose brother won the game is my friend. (whose +名词，结构正确) 总结：如何验证从句完整性？ 1. 检查是否有“双主语” (关系词 + 重复的主语代词 → 删掉多余的代词)。 2. 检查是否有“成分重叠” (关系代词作宾语时，不能再加 it/them等；关系副词作状语时，不能再加in it / at that time等)。 3. 检查whose是否接名词(whose必须修饰一个名词，不能单独使用)。 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 1. (2024年全国新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands __ (as) a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route _________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the __ (richness) of gardening in England. 2. (2024年全国新课标II卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _________ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 3. (2024年全国高考英语甲卷)Yellowstone was the __ (largest) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 4. (2024年1月浙江高考英语)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _________ will make them the most money. 5. (2023·新课标全国III卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. 6. (2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place _________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life...... 7. (2022·新高考全国I卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 8. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 9. (2021·新高考全国II卷) I decided that if I learned of a company _________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. 10. (2020·新高考全国I卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _________ opened in 1759. 11. (2020·全国I卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 12. (2020·新高考全国II卷) The Digital World is a set of volumes _________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 13. (2020·新高考全国III卷) In ancient China lived an artist _________ paintings were almost lifelike. （2） 模拟训练 1.（24-25高三下·江苏·开学考试）The exhibition provided a platform China, France and international communities had a dialogue on cultural heritage conservation. 2.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）That being said, there are some examples of Chinese landscape paintings __________ rich colors are used extensively. 3.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）Jingshan Park has a very long history, dates back to 1179. 4.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）Other factors might make it more challenging for people to make friends include having social (anxiety) disorder, preferring to stay alone, or not knowing where to look for new friends. 5.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Furong Cave, as marvelous as the other sights, is the only cave in China __________ was listed in the World Natural Heritage List. 6.（24-25高三下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Don’t miss the very visual feast challenges people’s fixed images of animated films. 7.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Congratulations to China and all Asian athletes on your inspiring Olympic success, achievements have not only redefined the limits of human potential but have also made a new era for Asia on the world stage. 8.（2025·安徽·一模）This trend is partly due to the 72-and 144-hour visa-free transit (过境) policy, __________ allows travelers from 54 countries to explore China for up to six days without needing a visa if they have a valid travel document (and) a connecting ticket for departure within 72 or 144 hours. 9.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Since 2015, Li has started posting short videos on Sina Weibo, __________ she, often dressed in graceful traditional garments, rises at sunrise, rests at sunset, plants seeds, harvests flowers, ___ (cooks) Chinese dishes and crafts bamboo furniture. 10.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）The tea ceremony can be a form of meditation and self-reflection, __________ helps people to calm their minds and find inner peace. 11.（2025·重庆·一模）Among the students (is) 66-year-old Ray Magri, has been studying Chinese for five years, driven by his passion for Chinese culture. 12.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）In the north, people tend to eat dumplings, shape looks like ears, in order to prevent people from frostbite (冻疮) on ears, (while) people in southern China prefer sweet dumplings, rice balls and long noodles to express their good wishes. 13.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）Shanghai-based language and literature magazine Yaowen Jiaozi, literally meaning “biting phrases and chewing characters,” recently unveiled its Top 10 Chinese Buzzwords for 2024. Released on December 2, the list spotlights linguistic trends reflect societal changes. 14.（24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）“It's very important for us British to be in Bath in this afternoon, __________ is the best and most elegant afternoon tea destination,”said Dianne Francombe, CEO of the Bristol and West of England China Bureau. 15.（2025·江西南昌·一模）There will be a phase exercising harder won't give you any extra years and may actually start doing damage (to) your body instead. 16.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）In 2024, China’s museums are witnessing a remarkable revival, drawing ___ (crowds) of visitors and transforming into the most renowned cultural centers combine learning with enjoyment and relaxation. 17.（24-25高三下·广东·阶段练习）In the tourist city of Strasbourg, France, various street performers can be found, among is Zhao Yang, a Chinese student studying film at the University of Strasbourg. 18.（24-25高三下·海南省·开学考试）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 19.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）She hopes that young people will carry on the “Mogao Spirit” and build a better Dunhuang Academy, she spent her lifetime. 20.（24-25高三上·福建·期末）When Su was exiled (流放) to Hangzhou, he initiated a thorough dredging (清淤) of West Lake, benefits were immediate and clear for the locals. 21.（23-24高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The production techniques (were upgraded) and the patterns became more various, most of stood for good luck such as the fish, dragon and monkey. 22.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）The China Pavilion appeared at the Palace of Festivals and Conferences for MIPCOM Cannes in France from Oct 21 to 24, (marking) the 21st time it has participated in the autumn TV festival, offers a series of events themed around “Focus on China, Stories Without Limits”. 23.（2021·陕西安康·三模）In fact, in the Kalahari Desert, watermelon is called “tsamma”, it is one of the main sources of water during the dry, hot season. 24.（2025·山东·模拟预测）The performance YangBOT, has been praised by fans nationwide, is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress (and) cultural pride. 25.（24-25高三下·山东聊城·阶段练习）Decorative art, can also be called craft, is designed not only to be visually (appealing) but also to serve a function. 26.（24-25高三上·湖北荆州·阶段练习）How could a teacher brain was just a big muscle help them improve their studies? 27.（2025届浙江省杭州市高三上学期一模）“Our candidacy for UNESCO (was supported) by China, for __________ we are so grateful,” says Salles. 28.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·期中）Such (a) large and important forum like this is very important for the development of Tibetan medicine, a very old tradition has been helping Tibetans and other people for many centuries, if not thousands of years. 29.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）Lu Fuquan, their team leader and instructor from Peking University, has been a cycling enthusiast for many years, is also fond of Beijing’s historical and cultural heritage. 30.（24-25高三上·湖北武汉·阶段练习）For example, Bush imagines thoughtful designs in a Scandinavian-style bedroom he’d center the space with a solid wood bed frame and headboard in a natural color. 31.（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）This is reflected in DeepSeek’s breakthroughs humanoid robots performed a synchronized yangge dance at the country’s most-watched television show. 32.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）It emerged from the rich soil of Chinese traditional philosophy, __________ emphasizes the unity and mutual transformation of yin and yang. 33.（24-25高三下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）However, the tradition has declined over the years due to rapid urbanization, scarcity of wood and lack of available construction space, all of threaten its transmission and survival. 34.（2024·河南·一模）The primary language for the research papers delve into the complexities of pulsar emissions and their impact on space-time, is actually English. 35.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）Even then, the change will only happen (on) the basis of each individual case, and it puts the lives and well-being of innocents at the mercy of those are too lazy to change their habits. 36.（24-25高三上·云南曲靖·期末）Following a public vote more than 37,000 people had their say, we’re pleased to announce that the Oxford Word of the Year for 2024 is ‌“brain rot”. 37.（24-25高三上·上海·阶段练习）It is as if the weight of an entire country’s cultural export has been placed on a developer practically nobody would even have been able to name prior to this game’s release, and Game Science is clearly unused to the scrutiny (审视) it has received. 38.（2025·山东济南·一模）Hotpot, a typical Chinese dish, has taken centre stage in London, described as an “adventure” locals could enjoy genuine Sichuan cuisine and unfamiliar cultural experiences. 39.（24-25高三下·广东深圳·阶段练习）In the past, Chinese animation (was seen) as products for a younger audience, with technical standards and narrative abilities struggled to match with Hollywood or Japanese animation. 40.（2025·辽宁·一模） (Constructed) in the I8th century, the pavilion was designed in the Chinese Rococo style, __________ combined European Rococo elements with traditional Chinese architectural features like tower ___ (roofs) and dragon themes. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$