专题03 语法知识之形容词与副词-2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题03 语法知识之形容词与副词 I. 形容词 1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置 1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible 2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 7 enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序 熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。 规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。 ▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2.复合形容词的构成 1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered 4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged 5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year 3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语 As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。 Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。 II.副词的分类： 1 时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 2 地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why 3 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 4 程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why III. 形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。 项 目 例 句 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）” 的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one). 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make 用比较级来表达最高级的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day. 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。 （意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。） 倍数的表达 表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. 注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal； 2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。 一、单项选择 1．Kate was ________ by the sight of the kongming lanterns ________ up into the sky. A．surprising; flying B．surprised; flying C．surprising; flown D．surprised; flown 2．Your story is perfect; I’ve ________ heard a _______ one before. A．ever, worse B．never, worse C．ever, better D．never, better 3．His plan sounded _______, but it didn’t go ________ as we had expected. A．reasonable, smoothly B．reasonably, smooth C．reasonable, smooth D．reasonably, smoothly 4．She took a few deep breaths to calm herself down before ______ her idol, but her voice still sounded ______. A．greeting; exciting B．greeting; excited C．greeted; excitedly D．greeted; excitingly 5．______a comic book for$15.6, the boy hurried home with the ______40 cents. A．Having bought; remaining B．Having bought; remained C．Bought; remaining D．Buying; remained 6．—We’ve heard you went to Shanghai last week. I’ve never been to Shanghai before. —Oh, you should visit it. It’s _________ city I’ve ever been to. A．a most beautiful B．the most beautiful C．most beautiful D．one of the most beautiful 7．With the rise of AI making average humanities students ______ in the job market, experts have suggested that humanities programs ______ cultivating students’ overall competencies rather than simply reducing enrollment. A．incompetitive; focus on B．uncompetitive; focused on C．incompetitive; focused on D．uncompetitive; focus on 8．A __________ look could be noticed on the boy's face, __________ that it was hard to work out the maths problem. A．confused; suggesting B．confusing; suggesting C．confusing; suggested D．confused; suggested 9．—I think the book Peter Pan is more interesting than the Black Beauty. —You mean the Black Beauty is ______ Peter Pan? A．as interesting as B．the most interesting as C．not so interesting as D．more interesting than 10．We are ________ with the news that the building ________ will be completed next year. A．pleased, being built B．pleasing, being built C．pleased, built D．pleasing, built 11．We all think these school-based courses (校本课程) is ________. A．interests B．interesting C．interested D．to interest 12．The mother wore a _________ smile after seeing her sick son finally _________. A．relieved, cured B．relieve, cure C．relieved, curing D．relief, cured 13．______ in the fascinating plot of the novel, he didn’t notice me coming in and standing beside him. A．Absorbing B．Absorbed C．To absorb D．Absorb 14．I haven’t seen ______this since I collected stamps. A．as old a stamp as B．so an old stamp as C．stamp as old as D．as an old stamp as 15．China is larger than ______ in Africa. A．any country B．any other country C．any countries D．any of countries 16．I feel confident than I this morning.(课文背诵段落检查) A．more much; feel B．much more; felt C．more much; felt D．much more; feel 17．He always spent _____ money on himself, but tried to buy _____ books for the children in that mountain village. A．less… more B．more…less C．fewer…much D．the least…the fewest 18．My adviser recommended that I for literature I like English and I'm good at it. A．should sign up; advance; so B．sign up; advanced; for C．should sign up; advanced; because D．signed up; advancing; but 19．—Do you think the 9th Asian Winter Games were a success? —Yes, ________! It couldn’t be ________. A．extremely; better B．definitely; worse C．absolutely; better D．originally; worse 20．The rescue team, mainly ______ local volunteers, tried to find the ______ child in the forest. A．was made up of; lost B．made up of; losing C．making up of; losing D．made up of; lost 21．She sat by the window alone, ______________ in thought. A．lose B．loses C．lost D．losing 22．At the back yard, we found the old fisherman _________ on a bench with a _________ face. A．seating; worrying B．seating; worried C．sitting; worrying D．seated; worried 23．All of audience were _________ by the _________ question _________ by a six-year-old boy. A．puzzled; puzzling; risen B．puzzling; puzzled; raised C．puzzled; puzzling; raised D．puzzled; puzzled; risen 24．—Have you seen the movie Titanic? —Yes. It’s well worth _______. It’s so _______ that I was deeply _______ by the story. A．to be seen; moving; moved B．to be seen; moved; moving C．seeing: moved; moving D．seeing; moving; moved 25．My new neighbors are very _________. They always welcome me with a big smile. A．humorous B．friendly C．wisely D．open-minded 26．Jack is _______ than I. A．a head shorter B．taller a head C．shorter a head D．a head tall 27．I went to the food streets in Xi’an. It’s ______great _____to taste different snacks. A．so, fun B．such, fun C．such a, fun D．too, funny 28．It was very hot yesterday, but it is________today. A．even hotter B．more hotter C．much more hot D．much hot 29．This pencil is ________ than that one. A．longest B．long C．longer D．as long 30．I have ________ money than you，but I have ________ friends. A．a little; a few B．a few; more C．less; more D．less; much 31．You have done _____ many good things for our neighborhood and you are ____ a good boy. A．so /so B．so /such C．such / such D．such /so 32．First, I had to think very about which courses to . A．careful; bring B．carefully; bring C．carefully; take D．careful; take 33．There is still______gap between the top and the bottom in some groups in this area. A．too much big a B．much too big a C．a too much big D．much too a big 34．The young man drives ______ than he did three months ago. A．much carefully B．much more careful C．much careful D．much more carefully 35．If you don't associate (交往) with passive-thinking people, you are ________ going to achieve success. A．definite B．definition C．definitely D．definitive 36．I had ________ it ________ and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived. A．look; after B．picture; over C．looked; up D．pictured; over 37．Which of the following sentences contain an adverb phrase? A．The car crashed into a tree. B．The car crashed so suddenly. C．The car crashed loudly. D．The car crashed yesterday. 38．As a teacher, my aim is ________ and educate my students to reach their full potential. My colleagues ________ agree with me. A．inspiring, obvious B．inspiring, obviously C．to inspire, obviously D．inspired, obvious 39．The old lady lives ________ in a lonely house, but she doesn’t feel ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．lonely; lonely D．alone; alone 40．Today people don’t have to work as _______ as they worked 50 years ago. A．hard B．hardly C．harder D．hardest 41．—Grace, you didn’t make as many mistakes as the last test. —Yes, I had the test ________. A．most carefully B．more carefully C．very carelessly D．more carelessly 42．Mr. Li plays ping-pong very well. His son just plays________, if not better. A．as good as B．as well as C．as good D．as well 43．These days, teachers have been trying to improve the efficiency of online teaching, which some students don’t notice or care about, _________. A．despite B．though C．still D．yet 44．They said goodbye to her as she got ________the train at the Union Station. A．broad B．board C．aboard D．abroad 45．He studies English ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 46．Our future ______ depends on ______ we do for it now. A．large, what B．large, how C．largely, what D．largely, how 47．When I am about to go ______ a plane to go ______, I often think of a funny joke told by my dad. A．abroad, aboard B．board, broad C．aboard, board D．aboard, abroad 48．While he was exploring the new school, his eyes were ______ taking in everything. A．eagerly B．eager C．eagerness D．eager to 49．Betty, you dance ________ among all the dancers. Congratulations! A．better B．best C．beautifully D．most beautiful 50．Dream of the Red Chamber is worth because we can learn a lot about the noble families in the feudal society. A．much; reading B．well; to be read C．well; reading D．very; to be read 二、阅读理解 1 What’s good for your aging gut (肠道) may also be good for your aging brain. A study found that taking daily prebiotics (益生菌) can improve scores on memory tests in people over the age of 60. The findings are food for thought, especially as the same memory test is used to identify early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. The double-blinded trial included two prebiotics accessible over the counter in numerous nations around the world. To test the effect of these prebiotics on the aging brain, researchers enlisted 36 pairs of twins (双胞胎) over the age of 60. In each pair one twin was given a protein powder with prebiotics and the other was given a protein powder without prebiotics. The twin who unknowingly took the first one generally scored higher on a cognitive (认知的) test three months later. Evidence for the close relationship between the gut and the brain is growing year after year. Some experts refer to the gut as the body’s second brain. But the way these two nervous systems work together remains a secret. The recent twin study suggests that consuming certain “brain foods” may be a promising way to treat the fall of cognitive ability. “We are excited to see this. It holds huge promise for strengthening brain health and memory in our aging population,” said Mary Ni Lochlainn, a geriatric medicine researcher at King’s College London. “Unlocking the secrets of gut and brain could offer new approaches for living more healthily for longer.” While prebiotics might improve some aspects of cognitive function in an aging brain, like memory and processing times, there don’t appear to be significant physical benefits. For example, muscle loss doesn’t improve among aging twins taking prebiotics. The twins who participated in the current trial were mostly female, and even though the researchers considered sex differences in their findings, they accept that there may be some selection bias, for females are more likely to suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. “Our next task is to see whether these effects can continue over longer periods and in larger groups of people.” said Mary. 51．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．The purpose of the study. B．The process of the research. C．The function of the prebiotics. D．The identity of the participants. 52．Why is the gut considered as the body’s second brain? A．A healthy gut reflects a smart brain. B．The gut and the brain go hand in hand. C．Their nervous systems run the same way. D．Brain foods benefit the cognition of the aged. 53．What can we know from paragraph 4? A．Memory strengthening is a must for the old. B．Muscle loss is unavoidable as we grow older. C．The secret between gut and brain has come out. D．The benefits of prebiotics on the aged are limited. 54．What does the underlined word “bias” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Principle. B．Freedom. C．Preference. D．Guidance. 2 An important lesson in the moral education of children may be closer than imagine — it could be right there in the books they are holding. Stores can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study. “Media can greatly influence children’s moral values and get them to place more or less importance on the values according to what is uniquely stressed in that content.” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences. Hahn is first author of the new study, which explores how media content influence children. Many previous studies have focused on wide ideas, like positive or negative effects of specific content. However, Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence the weight that kids place on those values. Do children who read about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities and build their own morality? The findings suggest so, and further support how this approach can help to teach the moral principles that kids might receive through formal instruction. For the study, Hahn and her team took the main character from a teen novel and edited the content to create four different story versions (版本). Each version showed one of four moral values that the study focused on. Then those stories were read by about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. This age group is the best for media research. Hahn explained the reason, “It is more difficult for younger children to understand stories, while it is also challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers, who become bored with simple storylines.” The team then designed a scale (量表) to measure the importance that kids place on moral values, so as to determine how participants might be influenced by specific stories. 55．What is the results of the new study? A．Stories should be spread more by media. B．Stories help children develop moral values. C．Children learn moral values from their parents. D．Children like reading books full of fumy stories. 56．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．The branches of media research. B．The impact on children’s literature. C．The comparison with previous studies. D．The response of the public to the study. 57．Why did the researchers choose participants aged from 10 to 14? A．Their moral values cannot be easily influenced. B．They are in a critical stage of moral development. C．This age group has better moral values than others. D．They can understand the stories and won’t lose interest. 58．Where does this passage probably come from? A．A social report. B．A blog post. C．A school textbook. D．An education magazine. 三、短文填空 阅读下面的文章，并根据首字母用单词的正确形式填空，使文章通顺完整。 The Process of Organizing a Community Activity Community activities play a crucial role in strengthening neighborhood bonds. Suppose you plan to organize a flea market (跳蚤市场). First, you need to clarify your t 59 . What do you want to achieve? Is it to promote recycling or to raise funds for a local cause? After setting the goal, you should design effective p 60 . Consider the time, place, and how to publicize the event. To hold the activity legally, you must apply for a p 61 from the local authorities. This step may involve a series of paperwork. Next, you can s 62 participation using several ways. For example, you can give away eye-catching brochures (宣传手册) and use social media. As more and more people sign up, keep track of their information and send them c 63 of registration to make sure the number of people present. On the day of the event, g 64 participants with a warm welcome. During the flea market, be prepared for the c 65 that may arise, because you can almost never accurately predict what may happen when so many people are involved. For example, disputes may break out between sellers and buyers, and arguments for a certain object can also make the whole situation out of control, all of which will c 66 so much of your time and energy to deal with. Therefore, it’s quite reasonable to seek some a 67 from volunteers, local mediators or even the police if necessary. Finally, make a declaration about the activity’s success. Analyze what worked well and what needs improvement. In this way, your future community events will be more e 68 and smoothly-run. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题03 语法知识之形容词与副词 I. 形容词 1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置 1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible 2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 7 enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 ______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序 熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。 规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。 ▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2.复合形容词的构成 1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词 world-famous 2 形容词+形容词 dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词 peace-loving 3 形容词+现在分词 ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词 snow-covered 4 副词+现在分词 hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged 5 副词+过去分词 newly-built 10 数词+名词 twenty-year 3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语 As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。 Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。 II.副词的分类： 1 时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 2 地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why 3 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 4 程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词 when, where, why III. 形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。 项 目 例 句 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. 双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）” 的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one). 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示 This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make 用比较级来表达最高级的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day. 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。 （意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。） 倍数的表达 表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. 注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal； 2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。 一、单项选择 1．Kate was ________ by the sight of the kongming lanterns ________ up into the sky. A．surprising; flying B．surprised; flying C．surprising; flown D．surprised; flown 2．Your story is perfect; I’ve ________ heard a _______ one before. A．ever, worse B．never, worse C．ever, better D．never, better 3．His plan sounded _______, but it didn’t go ________ as we had expected. A．reasonable, smoothly B．reasonably, smooth C．reasonable, smooth D．reasonably, smoothly 4．She took a few deep breaths to calm herself down before ______ her idol, but her voice still sounded ______. A．greeting; exciting B．greeting; excited C．greeted; excitedly D．greeted; excitingly 5．______a comic book for$15.6, the boy hurried home with the ______40 cents. A．Having bought; remaining B．Having bought; remained C．Bought; remaining D．Buying; remained 6．—We’ve heard you went to Shanghai last week. I’ve never been to Shanghai before. —Oh, you should visit it. It’s _________ city I’ve ever been to. A．a most beautiful B．the most beautiful C．most beautiful D．one of the most beautiful 7．With the rise of AI making average humanities students ______ in the job market, experts have suggested that humanities programs ______ cultivating students’ overall competencies rather than simply reducing enrollment. A．incompetitive; focus on B．uncompetitive; focused on C．incompetitive; focused on D．uncompetitive; focus on 8．A __________ look could be noticed on the boy's face, __________ that it was hard to work out the maths problem. A．confused; suggesting B．confusing; suggesting C．confusing; suggested D．confused; suggested 9．—I think the book Peter Pan is more interesting than the Black Beauty. —You mean the Black Beauty is ______ Peter Pan? A．as interesting as B．the most interesting as C．not so interesting as D．more interesting than 10．We are ________ with the news that the building ________ will be completed next year. A．pleased, being built B．pleasing, being built C．pleased, built D．pleasing, built 11．We all think these school-based courses (校本课程) is ________. A．interests B．interesting C．interested D．to interest 12．The mother wore a _________ smile after seeing her sick son finally _________. A．relieved, cured B．relieve, cure C．relieved, curing D．relief, cured 13．______ in the fascinating plot of the novel, he didn’t notice me coming in and standing beside him. A．Absorbing B．Absorbed C．To absorb D．Absorb 14．I haven’t seen ______this since I collected stamps. A．as old a stamp as B．so an old stamp as C．stamp as old as D．as an old stamp as 15．China is larger than ______ in Africa. A．any country B．any other country C．any countries D．any of countries 16．I feel confident than I this morning.(课文背诵段落检查) A．more much; feel B．much more; felt C．more much; felt D．much more; feel 17．He always spent _____ money on himself, but tried to buy _____ books for the children in that mountain village. A．less… more B．more…less C．fewer…much D．the least…the fewest 18．My adviser recommended that I for literature I like English and I'm good at it. A．should sign up; advance; so B．sign up; advanced; for C．should sign up; advanced; because D．signed up; advancing; but 19．—Do you think the 9th Asian Winter Games were a success? —Yes, ________! It couldn’t be ________. A．extremely; better B．definitely; worse C．absolutely; better D．originally; worse 20．The rescue team, mainly ______ local volunteers, tried to find the ______ child in the forest. A．was made up of; lost B．made up of; losing C．making up of; losing D．made up of; lost 21．She sat by the window alone, ______________ in thought. A．lose B．loses C．lost D．losing 22．At the back yard, we found the old fisherman _________ on a bench with a _________ face. A．seating; worrying B．seating; worried C．sitting; worrying D．seated; worried 23．All of audience were _________ by the _________ question _________ by a six-year-old boy. A．puzzled; puzzling; risen B．puzzling; puzzled; raised C．puzzled; puzzling; raised D．puzzled; puzzled; risen 24．—Have you seen the movie Titanic? —Yes. It’s well worth _______. It’s so _______ that I was deeply _______ by the story. A．to be seen; moving; moved B．to be seen; moved; moving C．seeing: moved; moving D．seeing; moving; moved 25．My new neighbors are very _________. They always welcome me with a big smile. A．humorous B．friendly C．wisely D．open-minded 26．Jack is _______ than I. A．a head shorter B．taller a head C．shorter a head D．a head tall 27．I went to the food streets in Xi’an. It’s ______great _____to taste different snacks. A．so, fun B．such, fun C．such a, fun D．too, funny 28．It was very hot yesterday, but it is________today. A．even hotter B．more hotter C．much more hot D．much hot 29．This pencil is ________ than that one. A．longest B．long C．longer D．as long 30．I have ________ money than you，but I have ________ friends. A．a little; a few B．a few; more C．less; more D．less; much 31．You have done _____ many good things for our neighborhood and you are ____ a good boy. A．so /so B．so /such C．such / such D．such /so 32．First, I had to think very about which courses to . A．careful; bring B．carefully; bring C．carefully; take D．careful; take 33．There is still______gap between the top and the bottom in some groups in this area. A．too much big a B．much too big a C．a too much big D．much too a big 34．The young man drives ______ than he did three months ago. A．much carefully B．much more careful C．much careful D．much more carefully 35．If you don't associate (交往) with passive-thinking people, you are ________ going to achieve success. A．definite B．definition C．definitely D．definitive 36．I had ________ it ________ and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived. A．look; after B．picture; over C．looked; up D．pictured; over 37．Which of the following sentences contain an adverb phrase? A．The car crashed into a tree. B．The car crashed so suddenly. C．The car crashed loudly. D．The car crashed yesterday. 38．As a teacher, my aim is ________ and educate my students to reach their full potential. My colleagues ________ agree with me. A．inspiring, obvious B．inspiring, obviously C．to inspire, obviously D．inspired, obvious 39．The old lady lives ________ in a lonely house, but she doesn’t feel ________. A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．lonely; lonely D．alone; alone 40．Today people don’t have to work as _______ as they worked 50 years ago. A．hard B．hardly C．harder D．hardest 41．—Grace, you didn’t make as many mistakes as the last test. —Yes, I had the test ________. A．most carefully B．more carefully C．very carelessly D．more carelessly 42．Mr. Li plays ping-pong very well. His son just plays________, if not better. A．as good as B．as well as C．as good D．as well 43．These days, teachers have been trying to improve the efficiency of online teaching, which some students don’t notice or care about, _________. A．despite B．though C．still D．yet 44．They said goodbye to her as she got ________the train at the Union Station. A．broad B．board C．aboard D．abroad 45．He studies English ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 46．Our future ______ depends on ______ we do for it now. A．large, what B．large, how C．largely, what D．largely, how 47．When I am about to go ______ a plane to go ______, I often think of a funny joke told by my dad. A．abroad, aboard B．board, broad C．aboard, board D．aboard, abroad 48．While he was exploring the new school, his eyes were ______ taking in everything. A．eagerly B．eager C．eagerness D．eager to 49．Betty, you dance ________ among all the dancers. Congratulations! A．better B．best C．beautifully D．most beautiful 50．Dream of the Red Chamber is worth because we can learn a lot about the noble families in the feudal society. A．much; reading B．well; to be read C．well; reading D．very; to be read 二、阅读理解 1 What’s good for your aging gut (肠道) may also be good for your aging brain. A study found that taking daily prebiotics (益生菌) can improve scores on memory tests in people over the age of 60. The findings are food for thought, especially as the same memory test is used to identify early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. The double-blinded trial included two prebiotics accessible over the counter in numerous nations around the world. To test the effect of these prebiotics on the aging brain, researchers enlisted 36 pairs of twins (双胞胎) over the age of 60. In each pair one twin was given a protein powder with prebiotics and the other was given a protein powder without prebiotics. The twin who unknowingly took the first one generally scored higher on a cognitive (认知的) test three months later. Evidence for the close relationship between the gut and the brain is growing year after year. Some experts refer to the gut as the body’s second brain. But the way these two nervous systems work together remains a secret. The recent twin study suggests that consuming certain “brain foods” may be a promising way to treat the fall of cognitive ability. “We are excited to see this. It holds huge promise for strengthening brain health and memory in our aging population,” said Mary Ni Lochlainn, a geriatric medicine researcher at King’s College London. “Unlocking the secrets of gut and brain could offer new approaches for living more healthily for longer.” While prebiotics might improve some aspects of cognitive function in an aging brain, like memory and processing times, there don’t appear to be significant physical benefits. For example, muscle loss doesn’t improve among aging twins taking prebiotics. The twins who participated in the current trial were mostly female, and even though the researchers considered sex differences in their findings, they accept that there may be some selection bias, for females are more likely to suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. “Our next task is to see whether these effects can continue over longer periods and in larger groups of people.” said Mary. 51．What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．The purpose of the study. B．The process of the research. C．The function of the prebiotics. D．The identity of the participants. 52．Why is the gut considered as the body’s second brain? A．A healthy gut reflects a smart brain. B．The gut and the brain go hand in hand. C．Their nervous systems run the same way. D．Brain foods benefit the cognition of the aged. 53．What can we know from paragraph 4? A．Memory strengthening is a must for the old. B．Muscle loss is unavoidable as we grow older. C．The secret between gut and brain has come out. D．The benefits of prebiotics on the aged are limited. 54．What does the underlined word “bias” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Principle. B．Freedom. C．Preference. D．Guidance. 2 An important lesson in the moral education of children may be closer than imagine — it could be right there in the books they are holding. Stores can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study. “Media can greatly influence children’s moral values and get them to place more or less importance on the values according to what is uniquely stressed in that content.” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences. Hahn is first author of the new study, which explores how media content influence children. Many previous studies have focused on wide ideas, like positive or negative effects of specific content. However, Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence the weight that kids place on those values. Do children who read about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities and build their own morality? The findings suggest so, and further support how this approach can help to teach the moral principles that kids might receive through formal instruction. For the study, Hahn and her team took the main character from a teen novel and edited the content to create four different story versions (版本). Each version showed one of four moral values that the study focused on. Then those stories were read by about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. This age group is the best for media research. Hahn explained the reason, “It is more difficult for younger children to understand stories, while it is also challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers, who become bored with simple storylines.” The team then designed a scale (量表) to measure the importance that kids place on moral values, so as to determine how participants might be influenced by specific stories. 55．What is the results of the new study? A．Stories should be spread more by media. B．Stories help children develop moral values. C．Children learn moral values from their parents. D．Children like reading books full of fumy stories. 56．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．The branches of media research. B．The impact on children’s literature. C．The comparison with previous studies. D．The response of the public to the study. 57．Why did the researchers choose participants aged from 10 to 14? A．Their moral values cannot be easily influenced. B．They are in a critical stage of moral development. C．This age group has better moral values than others. D．They can understand the stories and won’t lose interest. 58．Where does this passage probably come from? A．A social report. B．A blog post. C．A school textbook. D．An education magazine. 三、短文填空 阅读下面的文章，并根据首字母用单词的正确形式填空，使文章通顺完整。 The Process of Organizing a Community Activity Community activities play a crucial role in strengthening neighborhood bonds. Suppose you plan to organize a flea market (跳蚤市场). First, you need to clarify your t 59 . What do you want to achieve? Is it to promote recycling or to raise funds for a local cause? After setting the goal, you should design effective p 60 . Consider the time, place, and how to publicize the event. To hold the activity legally, you must apply for a p 61 from the local authorities. This step may involve a series of paperwork. Next, you can s 62 participation using several ways. For example, you can give away eye-catching brochures (宣传手册) and use social media. As more and more people sign up, keep track of their information and send them c 63 of registration to make sure the number of people present. On the day of the event, g 64 participants with a warm welcome. During the flea market, be prepared for the c 65 that may arise, because you can almost never accurately predict what may happen when so many people are involved. For example, disputes may break out between sellers and buyers, and arguments for a certain object can also make the whole situation out of control, all of which will c 66 so much of your time and energy to deal with. Therefore, it’s quite reasonable to seek some a 67 from volunteers, local mediators or even the police if necessary. Finally, make a declaration about the activity’s success. Analyze what worked well and what needs improvement. In this way, your future community events will be more e 68 and smoothly-run. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】考查形容词辨析和非谓语动词。句意：凯特看到孔明灯飞向天空的景象，感到十分惊讶。surprising令人惊讶的，描述事物的性质；surprised惊讶的，描述人的主观感受或心理活动。第一空作表语，描述Kate的感受，应用形容词surprised“惊讶的”；第二空作修饰the kongming lanterns的后置定语，fly“飞”和the kongming lanterns逻辑上是主动关系，因此用fly的现在分词形式。故选B。 2．D 【解析】考查比较级的否定表最高级。句意：你的故事很完美；我从来没听过比这更好的。由“Your story is perfect”可知，空格处所在句子表示“我从来没听过比这更好的”，比较级better和否定副词never连用，表示这个故事是“我”听过的最好的，故选D。 3．A 【解析】考查形容词和副词。句意：他的计划听起来很合理，但并不像我们预期的那样顺利。第一空用形容词reasonable作表语，reasonable意为“合理的”；第二空用副词smoothly修饰动词go，smoothly意为“顺利地”。故选A。 4．B 【解析】考查动名词和形容词。句意：她深吸几口气让自己平静下来，然后才问候她的偶像，但她的声音听起来依然很激动。根据句子分析可知，空1：此处before为介词，故应用动名词doing作宾语，故填greeting；空2：此处作表语，主语为her voice，故应用修饰人的形容词“excited激动的”作表语，故填excited。故选B。 5．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意：买完一本15.6美元的漫画书后，男孩带着剩下的40美分匆忙回家了。根据句子分析可知，空1：此处作状语，主语为the boy，与buy之间为主动关系，且动作发生在谓语动词hurried之前，故应用现在分词的完成时having done作状语；空2：此处意为“剩下的”，故应用形容词remaining作定语，修饰40 cents。故选A。 6．B 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：—— 我们听说你上周去上海了。我以前从未去过上海。—— 哦，你应该去看看。它是我去过的最美丽的城市。此处为“it is + the +形容词最高级+名词+定语从句”结构，定冠词the后为形容词最高级，修饰名词。故选B项。 7．D 【解析】考查形容词和虚拟语气。句意：随着人工智能的崛起使得普通人文学科学生在就业市场中缺乏竞争力，专家建议人文学科项目应着重培养学生的综合能力，而非简单地缩减招生规模。首先，第一个空的选项是“incompetitive”或“uncompetitive”，“uncompetitive”是正确的拼写，而“incompetitive”不存在。第二个空，需要填入动词形式，这里考查的是suggest后面的宾语从句中的动词形式。当suggest表示“建议”时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should + 动词原形，或者省略should，直接用动词原形。因此这里应该用“focus on”，即动词原形。故选D项。 8．A 【解析】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意：从男孩的脸上可以看出一种困惑的表情，表明这道数学题很难解。分析第一个空：“confused”表示 “感到困惑的”，通常用来形容人或人的表情、眼神等，强调内心的感受；“confusing”表示“令人困惑的”，常用来形容事物，说明该事物让人感到困惑。这里修饰 “look”（表情），是说男孩脸上露出困惑的表情，所以用 “confused”。分析第二个空：“suggesting”是现在分词作状语，在这里表示一种伴随的情况，逻辑主语是 “a confused look”，“a confused look”与“suggest”（表明）之间是主动关系，即这种困惑的表情表明解出这道数学题很难，所以用现在分词“suggesting”。故选A项。 9．C 【解析】考查形容词原级与比较级转换。句意：-我认为《彼得潘》这本书比《黑骏马》更有趣。-你的意思是黑骏马没有彼得潘有趣？根据“I think the book Peter Pan is more interesting than the Black Beauty.”可知《彼得潘》这本书比《黑骏马》更有趣，可推测出此处是《黑骏马》没有《彼得潘》那么有趣，故选C。 10．A 【解析】考查形容词和非谓语动词。句意：我们对这座正在修建的大楼将于明年完工的消息感到非常高兴。第一空为形容词作表语，主语是人，所以此处使用形容词pleased，意为“高兴的”，be pleased with意为“对……感到高兴”,pleasing意为“令人愉快的”，不符合语境；第二空为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词building，与build之间为被动关系，结合句意，此处描述正在进行的动作，所以此处使用现在分词的被动形式，即being built。故选A项。 11．B 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我们都认为这些校本课程很有趣。此处作表语，修饰物，表示“有趣的”，应用形容词interesting。而interested表示“感兴趣的”，通常用于描述人的感受；interests是名词“兴趣”或动词“使感兴趣”的第三人称单数形式；to interest是动词不定式形式，均不符合题意。故选B。 12．A 【解析】考查形容词，非谓语动词。句意：看到生病的儿子终于被治愈，母亲露出了释然的微笑。第一个空格需要填入形容词作定语，修饰smile，传达人物的心情，使用形容词relieved，第二个空属于非谓语动词作宾补，his son与cure是被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词。故选A。 13．B 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他全神贯注于小说引人入胜的情节，没有注意到我走进来站在他身边。固定短语：be absorbed in的意思是“专心于，全神贯注于”，此处用形容词短语absorbed in...作状语。故选B项。 14．A 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：自从我集邮以来，我还没有见过这么古老的邮票。此处为固定句型“as+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词+as”。故选A。 15．A 【解析】考查不定代词。句意：中国比非洲任何国家都要大。本句为比较级中的比较对象，结合句意，中国不属于非洲，当比较对象与被比较者不属于同一范畴时，直接使用“any+名词”作为比较对象，而other应是用于比较对象在同一范围时，将自身排除在外。故选A。 16．B 【解析】考查形容词比较级和时态。句意：我觉得自己现在比今天早上自信多了。由than可知，第一空应用比较级，confident是多音节形容词，其比较级是more confident，much可以用来修饰比较级，强调程度，所以第一空填much more；第二空考查时态，由this morning可知，这里时态应用一般过去时，所以第二空要用feel的过去式felt。故选B项。 17．A 【解析】考查比较级。句意：他在自己身上花的钱总是很少，但却设法为那个山村的孩子们买更多的书。根据后文“books for the children in that mountain village”指给自己花很少的钱，给山村的孩子们买更多的书。故选A。 18．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气、形容词和连词。句意：我的导师建议我报高级文学班，因为我喜欢英语，而且我擅长英语。recommend后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气：（should）+动词原形。形容词advanced“高级的”作定语修饰名词literature，because引导原因状语从句，表示直接原因；for引导原因状语从句通常需用逗号与主句隔开。故选C项。 19．C 【解析】考查副词辨析和比较级。——你认为第九届亚洲冬季运动会是成功的？  ——是的，当然!再好不过了。A. extremely极其; better更好；B. definitely肯定地; worse更糟；C. absolutely绝对地; better更好；D. originally最初; worse更糟。absolutely 在口语中可单独使用，表示 “当然，绝对地”，在这里用于肯定回答，强调认为第九届亚冬会非常成功，符合语境。“couldn’t + 比较级” 表示 “再……不过了”，符合语境，即对第九届亚冬会的成功给予了高度评价。故选C项。 20．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意：这支主要由当地志愿者组成的救援队，试图在森林里寻找那个迷路的孩子。第一个空，此处需要填入非谓语动词作定语，修饰The rescue team，与主语是被动关系，使用过去分词形式，即made up of；第二部分填空需要填入一个形容词修饰child，表示“迷路的孩子”。故选D。 21．C 【解析】考查形容词。句意：她独自坐在窗边，陷入了沉思。固定搭配be lost in thought意为“陷入沉思”，此处省略be动词，使用形容词作状语，描述主语的状态。故选C。 22．D 【解析】考查过去分词和形容词。句意：在后院，我们发现那位老渔夫坐在长椅上，脸上带着忧虑的表情。第一空为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，seat为及物动词，与宾语the old fisherman之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词seated作宾补；sit为不及物动词，与宾语the old fisherman之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式sitting作宾语；第二空为形容词作定语修饰名词faced，需要使用worried来描述老渔夫的表情，表示“感到担忧的”，而worrying意为“令人担忧的”不符合语境。故选D项。 23．C 【解析】考查形容词和过去分词的用法。句意：所有的观众都被一个六岁男孩提出的令人困惑的问题难住了。第一空，puzzle与主语All of audience之间是被动关系，空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态；第二空为形容词作定语修饰question，表示“令人困惑的”，使用形容词puzzling；第三空为非谓语动词作定语，此处表示“提出”的raise，与被修饰词question之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作后置定语。故选C项。 24．D 【解析】考查非谓语动词、形容词和被动语态。句意：——你看过电影《泰坦尼克号》吗？——是的。它非常值得一看。它如此感人，以至于我被故事深深打动了。第一空，“well worth”后接动名词seeing，表示“值得做某事”；第二空，so修饰形容词，moving是形容词，表示事物的特征，此处表示电影令人感动；第三空，be moved by被……打动。故选D。 25．B 【解析】考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：我的新邻居非常友好。他们总是用灿烂的笑容迎接我。A. humorous幽默的；B. friendly友好的；C. wisely明智地；D. open-minded思想开放的。此处为形容词作表语，根据句意以及下文的“They always welcome me with a big smile.”可知，邻居们都是面带微笑的，由此可知，此处表示邻居们是“友好的”符合语境。故选B项。 26．A 【解析】考查比较级。句意：杰克比我矮一头。根据空后“than I”可知，空处应用形容词比较级形式，在比较级的表达中，当要表达具体的数量差异时，数量词通常放在比较级的前面。“a head”在这里表示具体的高度差异，应置于比较级前面，结合选项可知，A选项符合句意。故选A。 27．B 【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：我去了西安的美食街，品尝不同的小吃真是太有趣了。fun是不可数名词，表示“有趣的事，娱乐”，且应用such修饰。故选B项。 28．A 【解析】考查形容词比较级和副词。句意：昨天非常热，但今天甚至更热了。A. even hotter甚至更热；B. more hotter错误表达(hot是单音节形容词，其比较级是直接加-er，不能用more来构成比较级)；C. much more hot错误表达；D. much hot错误表达(much不能修饰原级)。根据语境可知，今天和昨天相比，更热，要用比较级hotter，用副词even来进一步强调比较的程度。故选A项。 29．C 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这支铅笔比那支要长。A. longest最长的，形容词最高级；B. long长的，形容词原形；C. longer更长的，形容词比较级；D. as long 和……一样长。根据句中的than可知，这里表示两者之间的比较，应用比较级形式，故选C。 30．C 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：我的钱比你少，但我的朋友比你多。根据第一空后不可数名词“money”和“than”可知，第一空处修饰不可数名词，用于比较两者之间数量的多少，应用比较级less；结合句意和选项可知第二空处需要表达“更多的朋友”，第二空后“friends”是可数名词复数，需用more来修饰，表示“更多的”。故选C。 31．B 【解析】考查形容词和副词。句意：你为我们的邻居做了这么多好事，你真是个好孩子。第一空为so many+复数名词，表示“如此多……”；第二空为such+a/an+单数名词。故选B。 32．C 【解析】考查副词和动词词义辨析。句意：首先，我必须非常仔细地考虑要选哪些课程。修饰动词think需使用副词carefully，“选课程”常用动词搭配为take courses。而bring意为“带来”，不符合语境。故选C项。 33．B 【解析】考查副词和短语。  句意：在这个地区的某些群体中，顶层和底层之间仍然存在一个太大的差距。 much too 是一个固定搭配，用来修饰形容词或者副词，表示程度过高。在这里，much too 修饰形容词big，表示“太大”。而 a 是冠词，用于修饰名词 gap。正确的顺序是“much too big a”；too much修饰名词。 故选B。 34．D 【解析】考查副词比较级。句意：这个年轻人开车比他三个月前要更加小心了。句中有than，需用比较级，且修饰动词drives要用副词，结合选项可知，D选项much more carefully中more carefully是副词比较级，much修饰比较级，符合题意。故选D项。 35．C 【解析】考查副词的用法。句意：如果你不和消极思维的人交往，你一定会取得成功。A. definite一定的，形容词；B. definition定义，名词；C. definitely一定地，副词；D. definitive最终的，形容词。空处作修饰动词的状语，应用副词definitely“一定地”表示强调。故选C。 36．D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析、固定搭配和时态。句意：我脑海中一次又一次地想象着，这个重要的日子终于到来了。look意为“看”，为不及物动词；picture意为“想象，设想”，为及物动词；over and over again意为“多次，反复地”，为固定搭配，修饰谓语动词，over为副词。根据句中的in my mind可知，这里表示在脑海中想象，应用动词picture；第一空前有had，空处应用过去分词，构成过去完成时。故选D。 37．B 【解析】考查副词短语。根据题干问题“下列哪个句子包含副词短语？”结合各个选项可知，B项The car crashed so suddenly.包含副词短语为so suddenly“太突然了”修饰动词crashed。故选B项。 38．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词和副词。句意：作为一名教师，我的目标是激励和教育我的学生充分发挥他们的潜力。我的同事们显然同意我的观点。根据第一个空格前的my aim is可知，空格处应该用不定式作表语(主语是aim/duty/hope/idea/intention/plan/job/suggestion/wish/purpose/task等词时，后面用不定式作表语，说明其内容)；第二个空格处修饰后面的动词短语agree with，应该用副词obviously作状语。故选C项。 39．A 【解析】考查副词和形容词。句意：老太太独自一人住在一所孤零零的房子里，但她并不感到孤独。alone指独自，强调客观上的一个人，lonely表示“孤单的，孤独的”，带有较强的感情色彩。第一空指“独自居住”，使用alone修饰动词lives，第二空表示“感到孤单”，使用形容词lonely作表语。故选A。 40．A 【解析】考查副词辨析及用法。句意：今天人们不需要像50年前那样努力工作。A. hard努力地，副词原级；B. hardly几乎不，表示否定意义，没有比较级与最高级；C. harder更努力地，副词比较级；D. hardest最努力地，副词最高级。固定结构“as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“和……一样……”，可排除C和D项，再结合“don’t have to work”可知，此处表示“不需要像50年前那样努力工作”，应用副词hard。故选A。 41．B 【解析】考查副词比较级。句意：——Grace，你这次考试没有像上次那样犯那么多错误。——是的，我这次考试更加认真。A. most carefully最认真；B. more carefully更加认真地；C. very carelessly非常粗心地；D. more carelessly更加粗心地）。根据句意可知，Grace这次考试比上次更加认真，应用副词比较级。故选B。 42．B 【解析】考查副词和句型。句意：李先生的乒乓球打得很好。他的儿子也打得很好，甚至更好。修饰动词play应用副词well，表示“像……一样”句型为as+原形+as，即His son just plays as well as（Mr. Li）。故选B。 43．B 【解析】考查副词、介词。句意：如今，老师们一直在努力提高在线教学的效率，不过，一些学生却没有注意到或关心这一点。A.despite尽管；B.  though不过；C.  still仍然；D.  yet还。根据句意，表示“不过，但是”，用副词though, 用作副词一般放在句末，前有逗号。故选B项。 44．C 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：当她在联合车站登上火车时，他们向她道别。A. broad宽的，广阔的，形容词；B. board上（船、飞机、火车等），动词；C. aboard在船（或飞机、火车）上；上车（或船、飞机），副词；D. abroad在国外，副词。aboard通常与“get”搭配使用，表示“上车”或“上船”等动作。故选C。 45．B 【解析】考查副词作状语。句意：他英语学得很好。A. good好的；B. well好；C. better较好的，更好的；更好；D. best最好的，最出色地。句中副词作状语修饰动词。再结合句意可知，他英语学得很好。所以副词用well。无比较和最高级的意思。故选B项。 46．C 【解析】考查副词和连接词。句意：我们的未来很大程度上取决于我们现在为它做些什么。副词largely作状语，修饰动词depend。on后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，用连接代词what来充当宾语。故选C项。 47．D 【解析】考查介词、副词。句意：当我准备登机出国时，我经常想起爸爸讲的一个有趣的笑话。aboard可用作介词（或副词），意为“在（船、飞机等）上”，go aboard a plane表示“登机”；abroad用作副词，go abroad意为“到国外，出国”；broad是形容词“宽阔的”；board是名词“板”，也可作动词，意为“上飞机等”。空1处需用介词aboard，空2处需用副词abroad。故选D项。 48．A 【解析】考查副词。句意：当他在探索新学校的时候，他的眼睛热切地注视着一切。此处应用副词作状语修饰动词短语take in。故选A项。 49．B 【解析】考查副词最高级。句意：贝蒂，你在所有舞者中跳得最好。恭喜你！better是good和well的比较级形式；best是good和well的最高级形式；beautifully美妙地，副词；most beautiful最美妙的，形容词最高级形式。根据句中among all the dancers可知，这里表示在三者以上的范围中比较，应用最高级，排除A和C；并且结合句子结构，该空修饰动词dance，应用副词形式，排除D。故选B。 50．C 【解析】考查副词，非谓语动词。句意：红楼梦非常值得一读，因为我们可以学到许多关于封建社会贵族家庭的事情。sth. be well worth doing很值得做某事；用well修饰worth，表示“很，十分”，一般不用much或者very修饰。选C。 二、 1 51．B 52．B 53．D 54．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项关于益生菌对60岁以上人群记忆力影响的研究，探讨肠道与大脑的关联及益生菌的作用。 51．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“The double-blinded trial included two prebiotics accessible over the counter in numerous nations around the world. To test the effect of these prebiotics on the aging brain, researchers enlisted 36 pairs of twins over the age of 60. In each pair one twin was given a protein powder with prebiotics and the other was given a protein powder without prebiotics. The twin who unknowingly took the first one generally scored higher on a cognitive test three months later. (这项双盲试验使用了两种在全球许多国家可通过柜台购买的益生菌。为测试这些益生菌对衰老大脑的影响，研究人员招募了36对60岁以上的双胞胎。每对双胞胎中，一人服用含益生菌的蛋白粉，另一人服用不含益生菌的蛋白粉。三个月后，在不知情的情况下服用前者的双胞胎通常在认知测试中得分更高)”可知，该段详细描述了研究的实验设计、参与者分组及测试过程，这些内容均围绕研究过程展开，因此，本段主要聚焦研究过程。故选B项。 52．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Evidence for the close relationship between the gut and the brain is growing year after year. Some experts refer to the gut as the body’s second brain. (肠道与大脑之间密切关系的证据逐年增多。一些专家将肠道称为人体的“第二大脑”)”可知，肠道被称为“第二大脑”是因为其与大脑密切相关。故选B项。 53．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“While prebiotics might improve some aspects of cognitive function in an aging brain, like memory and processing times, there don’t appear to be significant physical benefits. For example, muscle loss doesn’t improve among aging twins taking prebiotics. (尽管益生菌可能改善衰老大脑的某些认知功能，如记忆力和处理速度，但似乎没有显著的身体益处。例如，服用益生菌的老年双胞胎的肌肉流失并未改善)”可推知，益生菌对老年人的益处仅限于认知功能部分方面，存在局限性。故选D项。 54．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“The twins who participated in the current trial were mostly female, and even though the researchers considered sex differences in their findings, they accept that there may be some selection bias, for females are more likely to suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. (参与当前试验的双胞胎大多为女性，尽管研究人员在结果中考虑了性别差异，但他们承认可能存在一些选择……，因为女性更易患阿尔茨海默病)”可知，实验对象多为女性，可能导致结果偏向特定群体，由此推断，划线单词意为“偏差；倾向”，与“preference(偏好)”含义相近。故选C项。 2 55．B 56．C 57．D 58．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究表明故事有助于儿童形成道德价值观。 55．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“Stores can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study.(根据一项新研究的结果，故事对培养年轻读者的道德价值观有帮助)”可知，新研究的结果表明故事对儿童道德价值观的形成有帮助。故选B。 56．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Many previous studies have focused on wide ideas, like positive or negative effects of specific content. However, Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values (care, fairness, loyalty, and authority) might influence the weight that kids place on those values.(许多之前的研究都集中在广泛的想法上，比如特定内容的积极或消极影响。然而，Hahn的研究着眼于阅读具有特定道德价值观（关爱、公平、忠诚和权威）的内容可能会如何影响孩子们对这些价值观的重视程度)”可知，前两句提到许多先前的研究关注宽泛的概念，而Hahn的研究则聚焦于阅读特定道德价值观的内容如何影响孩子对这些价值观的重视程度。此处通过However形成对比，强调新研究与以往研究的差异。因此，第三段主要讨论的是与先前研究的对比。故选C。 57．细节理解题。 根据最后一段中“This age group is the best for media research. Hahn explained the reason, “It is more difficult for younger children to understand stories, while it is also challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers, who become bored with simple storylines.”(这个年龄段最适合媒体研究。Hahn解释了原因：“年龄较小的孩子更难理解故事，而要让年龄较大的青少年保持注意力也很有挑战性，因为他们对简单的故事情节感到厌烦。”)”可知，研究人员选择10到14岁的参与者是因为这个年龄段的孩子既能理解故事，又不会对故事失去兴趣。故选D。 58．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“An important lesson in the moral education of children may be closer than imagine — it could be right there in the books they are holding. Stores can be helpful for building moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study.(在儿童道德教育方面，一个重要的启示或许比我们想象的更近——它可能就藏在孩子们手中捧着的书本里。根据一项新研究的结果，故事对于培养年轻读者的道德价值观是有帮助的)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于故事对儿童道德价值观影响的新研究，由此可推测，这篇文章可能来自一本教育杂志。故选D。 三、 59．target 60．plans 61．permit 62．seek 63．confirmations 64．greet 65．challenges 66．cost 67．assistance 68．efficient 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了组织社区跳蚤市场活动的过程。 59．考查名词。句意：首先，你需要明确你的目标。根据后文“What do you want to achieve? Is it to promote recycling or to raise funds for a local cause?”可知，这里说的是要明确目标。结合首字母提示，用可数名词target，意为“目标”，结合语境，此处用单数形式。故填target。 60．考查名词。句意：设定目标后，你应该设计有效的计划。根据后文“Consider the time, place, and how to publicize the event.”可知，要考虑活动的时间、地点和宣传方式等，也就是要设计计划。结合首字母提示，用可数名词plan，意为“计划”，用复数形式表示泛指。故填plans。 61．考查名词。句意：为了合法举办活动，你必须向当地当局申请许可证。根据前文“To hold the activity legally”和后文“from the local authorities”可知，举办活动需要合法的许可。结合首字母提示，用可数名词permit，意为“许可证”，由a修饰，用单数形式。故填permit。 62．考查动词。句意：接下来，你可以用几种方式寻求参与。根据后文“using several ways”以及下文提到的发放宣传手册和使用社交媒体可知，是用这些方式来寻求人们的参与。结合首字母提示，用动词seek作谓语，意为“寻求”，在情态动词can后用动词原形。故填seek。 63．考查名词。句意：随着越来越多的人报名，记录他们的信息并向他们发送注册确认函，以确定到场人数。根据后文“to make sure the number of people present”可知，发送注册确认函可以确定人数。结合首字母提示，用可数名词confirmation作宾语，意为“确认函”，发给很多人的确认函，用复数形式。故填confirmations。 64．考查动词。句意：活动当天，热情欢迎参与者。根据后文“with a warm welcome”可知，这里说的是欢迎参与者。结合首字母提示，用动词greet，意为“欢迎，迎接”，本句是祈使句，用动词原形。故填greet。 65．考查名词。句意：在跳蚤市场期间，要为可能出现的挑战做好准备。根据后文“because you can almost never accurately predict what may happen when so many people are involved”可知，有很多人参与时会有不可预测的情况，也就是会有挑战。结合首字母提示，用可数名词challenge作宾语，意为“挑战”，用复数形式表泛指。故填challenges。 66．考查动词。句意：例如，卖家和买家之间可能会爆发纠纷，为某件物品的争论也会使整个局面失控，所有这些都将花费你大量的时间和精力去处理。根据后文“so much of your time and energy to deal with”可知，处理这些情况会花费时间和精力。结合首字母提示，用动词cost作从句谓语，意为“花费”，助动词will后用动词原形。故填cost。 67．考查名词。句意：因此，如果有必要，向志愿者、当地调解员甚至警察寻求一些帮助是很合理的。根据后文“from volunteers, local mediators or even the police if necessary”可知，是向这些人寻求帮助。结合首字母提示，用不可数名词assistance作宾语，意为“帮助”。故填assistance。 68．考查形容词。句意：这样，你未来的社区活动将更有效率且运行更顺畅。根据后文“and smoothly run”可知，这里说的是活动更有效率。结合首字母提示，用形容词efficient作表语，意为“有效率的”，用在more后构成比较级。故填efficient。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$