衔接点06 被动语态（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点06 被动语态（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段主要学习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时及含有情态动词的被动语态用法。 高中阶段在初中基础上还需掌握过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来完成时的被动语态用法；及get +done等也可表示被动。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇中综合运用语法知识。 【初中被动语态考点聚焦】 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall be+done或者am/is/are + going to be +done Trees will be planted tomorrow. 含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done Anything here can't be touched. 1．—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 2．When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books. A．use B．is used C．used D．was used 3．The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages. A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving 4．To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year. A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted 5.A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they　　　to make their own decisions.  A.should allow　　 B.shouldn’t allow C.should be allowed　 D.shouldn’t be allowed 【高中被动语态考点聚焦】 课标解读 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态——主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语部分要做相应的变化。 考点清单 被动语态 典型例句：主动句 1.The slaves built the Great Pyramids long time ago.奴隶们在很久以前修建了大金字塔。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 典型例句：被动句 2.The Great Pyramids were built (by the slaves) long time ago. 主语（原宾语） 谓语（形式变化） by+执行者（原主语） 状语（不变） 大金字塔在很久以前被（奴隶们）修建。 1.主动语态转换为被动语态 如果想熟练地将主动句转换为被动句，首先必须了解主动句的结构，清楚句子的成分，然后遵循下列步骤进行转换。 ①原主动语态中的宾语→转换为被动语态的主语 ②原主动语态中的动词→改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词” 说明：第一步容易出错，要特别注意。这时be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（原主动句中的宾语）而变。在第二步中，be动词的时态要与原来主动句的时态保持一致。be动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动句中的动词的过去分词。 ③原主动语态中的主语→如果需要，就放在by后面 原主动语态中的主语，如有需要，就放在by后面，以宾格形式出现以指明动作的执行者（因为by是介词，后需跟宾格作宾语）。如没有必要，可省略。 ④原主动语态中的其他成分，如定语、状语→保持不变 主动句：Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。 被动句：The light bulb was invented (by Thomas Edison) in 1879. 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变） 电灯泡由托马斯·爱迪生发明于1879年。 ①原主动句中的宾语the light bulb变为被动句中的主语。 ②谓语动词的时态不变，均为一般过去时，它的形式由invented变为was invented。 ③原主动句中的主语，即动作invented的执行者Thomas Edison，在被动句中可以由介词by引出，也可以省略。 ④状语in 1879的位置不变。 主动句：Mr.Wang delivered this speech.王先生做了演讲。 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句：This speech was delivered by Mr.Wang.这个演讲是王先生做的。 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语） 主动句：The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games 2790 years ago. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 古希腊人于2790年前举办了第一届奥运会。 被动句：The first Olympic Games were held (by the ancient Greeks) 2790 years ago. 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变） 第一届奥运会（由古希腊人）举办于2790年前。 2.被动语态的形式 1.被动语态的一般形式 被动语态的一般形式是“助动词be+过去分词”。人称、数、时态的变化，大都体现在第一个助动词上。主动语态与被动语态的时态比较见下表。 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 动词原形或动词第三人称单数 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 动词过去式 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 shall/will+动词原形 shall/will be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are+现在分词 am/is/are being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were+现在分词 was/were being+过去分词 现在完成时 has/have+过去分词 has/have been+过去分词 过去完成时 had+过去分词 had been+过去分词 将来完成时 shall/will have+过去分词 shall/will have been+过去分词 过去将来时 should/would+动词原形 should/would be+过去分词 过去将来完成时 should/would have+过去分词 should/would have been+过去分词 将来进行时 shall/will be+现在分词 — 各种完成进行时 has/have been+现在分词 had been+现在分词 shall/will have been+现在分词 — 一.一般现在时的被动语态 一般时态被动句中的be动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数变化。被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致。 主动句：Helen tidies up her room every day.海伦每天整理她的房间。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Helen’s room is tidied up (by Helen) every day.海伦的房间每天被（她自己）整理。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Helen’s room isn’t tidied up every day. （疑问句）A:Is Helen’s room tidied up every day? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. 二.一般过去时的被动语态 主动句：The workers made the printer I bought yesterday last month. 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。 被动句： （肯定句）The printer I bought yesterday was made (by the workers) last month. 主语 定语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 我昨天买的那台打印机是（由工人们）上个月生产的。 （否定句）The printer I bought yesterday wasn’t made last month. （疑问句）A:Was the printer I bought yesterday made last month? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 说明：比较一下主动句和被动句，被动句的表现形式更好一些。 三.一般将来时的被动语态 主动句：A repairman will repair his car tomorrow morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。 比较：will+do用于表示“将做，会做”。be going to+do用于表示“（将来）准备做，打算做”。 被动句： （肯定句）His car will be repaired (by a repairman) tomorrow morning. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 他的汽车明天上午将会被（一个修理工）修理。 （否定句）His car will not/won’t be repaired tomorrow morning. （疑问句）A:Will his car be repaired tomorrow morning? B:Yes,it will./No,it won’t. 主动句：They are going to visit the China Millennium Monument.他们打算参观中华世纪坛。 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句： （肯定句）The China Millennium Monument is going to be visited (by them). 中华世纪坛将被（他们）参观。 重要：be动词的人称和数要随着新主语的变化而变化。 （否定句）The China Millennium Monument isn’t going to be visited (by them). （疑问句）A:Is the China Millennium Monument going to be visited (by them)? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. · 四.现在进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。 主动句：The teacher is telling Snow White now.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White is being told (by the teacher) now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Snow White isn’t being told now. （疑问句）A:Is Snow White being told now? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. · 五.过去进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：The teacher was telling Snow White when I got there. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White was being told (by the teacher) when I got there. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。 （否定句）Snow White wasn’t being told when I got there. （疑问句）A:Was Snow White being told when I got there? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 六.现在完成时的被动语态 完成时的被动语态与一般时的被动语态原则大致相同，只有谓语部分不同。谓语是由“have/has+been+过去分词（即原主动句中的过去分词）”所组成。have，has的采用则视被动句中新主语的人称、数而定。 主动句：An unknown virus has just attacked my computer. 主语 谓语 状语 宾语 一种不知名的病毒刚刚侵袭了我的计算机。 被动句： （肯定句）My computer has just been attacked (by an unknown virus). 主语 谓语 状语 by+执行者 我的计算机刚刚被（一种不知名的病毒）侵袭了。 （否定句）My computer hasn’t just been attacked. （疑问句）A:Has your computer just been attacked? B:Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t. 七.过去完成时的被动语态 主动句：They had built fifteen bridges by 2007.截至2007年，他们已经建成了15座大桥。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Fifteen bridges had been built (by them) by 2007. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 说明：by them和by 2007意思不同，by 2007是时间状语，不可以省略。 截至2007年，15座大桥已经（被他们）建立起来了。 （否定句）Fifteen bridges hadn’t been built by 2007. （疑问句）A:Had fifteen bridges been built by 2007? B:Yes,they had./No,they hadn’t. 八.过去将来时的被动语态 主动句：Mother said she would punish the naughty boy this evening. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 母亲说她今晚将惩罚那个淘气的男孩。 说明：本句是将宾语从句she would punish the naughty boy this evening变为被动语态。 被动句： （肯定句）Mother said the naughty boy would be punished this evening (by her). 主语 谓语 宾语 by+执行者 母亲说那个淘气的男孩今晚将被（她）惩罚。 （否定句）Mother said the naughty boy wouldn’t be punished this evening. · 九.将来完成时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：We shall/will have made ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。 被动句： （肯定句）Ten thousand DVDs will have been made (by us) by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。 （否定句）Ten thousand DVDs won’t have been made by the end of this month. （疑问句）A:Will ten thousand DVDs have been made by the end of this month? B:Yes,they will./No,they won’t. 十.过去将来完成时的被动语态 主动句：He said he would have learned many words by 2012. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 他说到2012年时他将要学会许多单词。 被动句：He said many words would have been learned (by him) by 2012. 主语 谓语 状语 他说到2012年时，许多单词将被（他）学会。 十一.不可用被动语态的时态 完成进行时态和将来进行时态一般都没有被动语态，如果要用这两种时态表达被动语态的意思，则可以用完成时态或一般时态。 1.完成进行时变为被动语态时，要用完成时表示 主动句：现在完成进行时 The builders have been building this skyscraper for two months. 主语 谓语 宾格 状语 建筑工人修建这幢摩天大楼已两个月了。 被动句：现在完成时 This skyscraper has been built for two months.这幢摩天大楼一直修建有两个月了。 主语 谓语 状语 注意：由于be，being和been三个词中的任何两个词都不可以用在一起，因此将来进行时（shall/will be doing）和各种完成进行时（have/has/had been doing，shall/will have been doing）的被动语态几乎是不能用的。 主动句：将来完成进行时 We will have been using this book for three years by next June. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 到明年6月，我们用这本书已经3年了。 被动句：将来完成时 The book will have been used for three years by next June. 主语 谓语 状语 到明年6月，这本书就用了3年了。 2.将来进行时变为被动语态时，要用一般将来时表示 主动句：将来进行时 You will be doing the experiment here at this time next Monday. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 下周一的这个时候，你将正在这儿做实验。 被动句：一般将来时 The experiment will be done here at this time next Monday. 主语 谓语 状语 这个实验下周一的这个时候将在这儿做。 十二.情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。 其被动语态句型如下： 肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词…… 否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词…… 疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词……？ 主动句：We can design objects in 3D on the computer very easily. 我们可以非常方便地在电脑上设计三维物体。 被动句： （肯定句）Objects in 3D can be designed on the computer very easily. （否定句）Objects in 3D can’t be designed on the computer very easily. （疑问句）A:Can objects in 3D be designed on the computer very easily? B:Yes,they can./No,they can’t. 主动句：You must hand in your homework this afternoon. 今天下午你必须交作业。 被动句： （肯定句）Your homework must be handed in this afternoon. （否定句）Your homework needn’t be handed in this afternoon. （疑问句）A:Must my homework be handed in this afternoon? B:Yes,it must./No,it needn’t. 主动句：I have to do the job myself.我不得不自己做这份工作。 被动句： （肯定句）The job has to be done by myself. （否定句）The job hasn’t to be done by myself. （疑问句）A:Has the job to be done by myself? B:Yes,it has to./No,it hasn’t to. 注意：对这句话的回答不能写为：（误）B:Yes,it has.（误）B:No,it hasn’t. 主动句：All of us ought to obey the rule.我们所有的人都应该遵守这项制度。 被动句： （肯定句）The rule ought to be obeyed (by all of us). （否定句）The rule ought not be obeyed (by all of us). （疑问句）A:Ought the rule to be obeyed (by all of us)? B:Yes,it ought to./No,it oughtn’t to. 一、单句语法填空 1．When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes tasteless. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The movie “Ne Zha” (inspire) by Chinese mythology (神话), and has gained great success. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult (admit) free. （所给词的适当形式填空） 4．Yesterday, the child (forgive) for breaking the vase because he apologized sincerely. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．After graduation from college, he (award) a scholarship to do research. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．We (shock) at the news that he passed away the night before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．A big library (build) in our city next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Do you think paper money (replace) by electronic money in the future. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．A new play (put on) at the theater next week. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Over the past decades, great efforts (make) to save giant pandas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．Every possible means (try) to save the endangered species so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Jan’s life (improve) by the Internet so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．When I got to the theatre, I found that the tickets (sell out) and I didn’t get one. （所给词的适当形式填空） 14．The new suspension bridge (complete) by the end of last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．All the tasks (complete) by the time we got there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．They promised that these fine traditions (protect) for generation to come. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．I was told that the press conference (hold) the next day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．He said that a new school (build) near this village soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．I have moved into my cousin’s flat because my flat (decorate) at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．Whales are very large mammals in the sea. They (hunt)by fishermen at present and become endangered. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21．I’m working at home today because my office (paint). (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．We had to take a different path because the road (repair). (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．He noticed that he ___________ (follow) by a strange man when he was walking in the street. 24．When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he (examine) by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．By the time the applicant makes up his mind, the offer (cancel). (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．By the time he comes tomorrow, all the rooms (paint).(所给词的适当形式填空） 27．The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics    by 2026. (complete) （所给词的适当形式填空） 28．It should (keep) in mind that you can’t be too careful when crossing the road. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29．Children must be (company) by an adult while in the Children’s Library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．The beauty of the views couldn’t (imagine) and they left me with many great memories. (所给词的适当形式填空) 31．It (prove) that the method is safe and reliable by practice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious. （所给词的适当形式填空） 33．We suggest the data need (update) every month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34．Today’s homework was easy (do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．We are all for your proposal that the discussion (put) off. (所给词的适当形式填空) 一．语段填空 (用所给动词的适当形式填空) The first zoo 1.________(establish) around 3，500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor 2.________(build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals. Some of the early European zoos 3.________(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of which made people disgusted.Later the zoos 4.________(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5.________(keep) in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the 1940s，scientists 6.________(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then，zoos 7.________(try) to save many endangered species，but relying on zoos 8.________(save) species is not enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat. Today，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.________(watch) carefully for any signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a comfortable life.Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs 10.________ (play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now. 二、阅读理解 When I was in my first year of high school, I had a terrible time when every area of my life was a disaster. I felt so hopeless and alone that I thought everything was impossible. On one such day, I was walking from class across the school to catch the school bus home, with my head down, fighting tears of total hopelessness, when a young man came down the sidewalk toward me. Though I had never seen him before, I did not want him to see that I was in such low spirits, so I turned my head away and hoped to hurry past. I thought he’d walk on by, but he moved until he was directly in front of me, waited until I looked up, and then smiled. Looking into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice, “Whatever is wrong will pass. You’re going to be OK, just hang on.” He then smiled again and walked away. I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care! He gave me the one thing that I’d lost completely—hope. I looked for him in our school to thank him, but never saw him again. That was thirty years ago. And I’ve never forgotten that moment. Over the years, whenever I see someone who is in trouble, I will always think of that young man and try to give a flash of hope in the dark wherever I can. I carry things for people when they are too heavy for them, sit with naughty babies in the waiting room while their mothers are busy, or talk to tired couples at the checkout line or it could be anything. If you keep your head up, your heart will show you the place that needs hope. 1．How did the author feel when he was a freshman? A．Joyful. B．Desperate. C．Confident. D．Positive. 2．Where did the writer meet the young man? A．In the school. B．In the school bus. C．In the classroom. D．In the library. 3．What can we infer about the author from the passage? A．He was very grateful to that young man. B．He had known the young man for a long time. C．He avoided meeting the young man since then. D．He made friends with the young man afterwards. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．The young man always tried his best to help those who were in trouble. B．The author traveled to a lot of places to look for the young man but failed. C．It was the young man’s smile and words that made the author feel hopeful. D．The author had never been praised by others before he met the young man. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 disaster n. 灾难，灾祸 hopelessness n. 绝望 unexpected kindness n. 意想不到的善良 effect n. 影响，效果 checkout line n. 结账队伍 长难句分析 原句：I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care! 译文：我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响！ 分析：本句是简单句。“the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care” 为宾语，其中 “of that man’s unexpected kindness and care” 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “the effect”。 中文翻译 当我上高中一年级的时候，我经历了一段可怕的时光，我生活的各个方面都一团糟。我感到如此绝望和孤独，以至于我认为一切都是不可能的。 有一天，我走出教室，穿过学校，赶校车回家，低着头，强忍绝望的泪水，这时一个年轻人从人行道上走向我。虽然我以前从未见过他，但我不想让他看到我情绪如此低落，所以我转过头，希望快点过去。我以为他会继续走，但他一直走到我面前，等着我抬起头，然后笑了。 这个陌生人看着我的眼睛，轻声说：“一切都会过去的。你会没事的，坚持住。” 然后他又笑了笑，走开了。 我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响！他给了我一件我完全失去的东西 —— 希望。我在学校找他，想向他道谢，但再也没见过他。 那是三十年前的事了。我从未忘记那一刻。多年来，每当我看到有人遇到麻烦时，我总会想起那个年轻人，并试图在黑暗中尽可能地给他们一丝希望。当人们搬东西太重时，我会帮他们搬；当妈妈们忙碌时，我会在候诊室里陪着调皮的婴儿；或者在结账队伍里和疲惫的夫妇聊天，或者其他任何事情。如果你抬起头，你的心会告诉你需要希望的地方。 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点06 被动语态（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段主要学习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时及含有情态动词的被动语态用法。 高中阶段在初中基础上还需掌握过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来完成时的被动语态用法；及get +done等也可表示被动。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇中综合运用语法知识。 【初中被动语态考点聚焦】 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were+done The kite was made by him. 一般将来时 will/shall be+done或者am/is/are + going to be +done Trees will be planted tomorrow. 含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done Anything here can't be touched. 1．—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week. —Great! I’m looking forward to it! A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了！我很期待。 考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系，根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。 2．When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books. A．use B．is used C．used D．was used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我还是个学生的时候，我的一些零花钱被用来买漫画书。 考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语pocket money和动词use之间是被动关系，结合“When I was a pupil”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。 3．The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages. A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孙悟空是中国的一个传统人物。它受到所有年龄段的人的喜爱。 考查被动语态及动词时态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指孙悟空被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时。故选A。 4．To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year. A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。 考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。 5.A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they　　　to make their own decisions.  A.should allow　　 B.shouldn’t allow C.should be allowed　 D.shouldn’t be allowed 答案　C　考查被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态的结构是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”,且根据语境“很多青少年认为随着他们长大而且更聪明了”可知,此处表达“他们应该被允许自己做决定”。 【高中被动语态考点聚焦】 课标解读 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态——主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者；在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。主动语态变为被动语态时，谓语部分要做相应的变化。 考点清单 被动语态 典型例句：主动句 1.The slaves built the Great Pyramids long time ago.奴隶们在很久以前修建了大金字塔。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 典型例句：被动句 2.The Great Pyramids were built (by the slaves) long time ago. 主语（原宾语） 谓语（形式变化） by+执行者（原主语） 状语（不变） 大金字塔在很久以前被（奴隶们）修建。 1.主动语态转换为被动语态 如果想熟练地将主动句转换为被动句，首先必须了解主动句的结构，清楚句子的成分，然后遵循下列步骤进行转换。 ①原主动语态中的宾语→转换为被动语态的主语 ②原主动语态中的动词→改为被动形式，即“be+过去分词” 说明：第一步容易出错，要特别注意。这时be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（原主动句中的宾语）而变。在第二步中，be动词的时态要与原来主动句的时态保持一致。be动词后面的过去分词就是原来主动句中的动词的过去分词。 ③原主动语态中的主语→如果需要，就放在by后面 原主动语态中的主语，如有需要，就放在by后面，以宾格形式出现以指明动作的执行者（因为by是介词，后需跟宾格作宾语）。如没有必要，可省略。 ④原主动语态中的其他成分，如定语、状语→保持不变 主动句：Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明了电灯泡。 被动句：The light bulb was invented (by Thomas Edison) in 1879. 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变） 电灯泡由托马斯·爱迪生发明于1879年。 ①原主动句中的宾语the light bulb变为被动句中的主语。 ②谓语动词的时态不变，均为一般过去时，它的形式由invented变为was invented。 ③原主动句中的主语，即动作invented的执行者Thomas Edison，在被动句中可以由介词by引出，也可以省略。 ④状语in 1879的位置不变。 主动句：Mr.Wang delivered this speech.王先生做了演讲。 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句：This speech was delivered by Mr.Wang.这个演讲是王先生做的。 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语） 主动句：The ancient Greeks held the first Olympic Games 2790 years ago. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 古希腊人于2790年前举办了第一届奥运会。 被动句：The first Olympic Games were held (by the ancient Greeks) 2790 years ago. 主语（原宾语）谓语（形式变化）by+执行者（原主语）状语（不变） 第一届奥运会（由古希腊人）举办于2790年前。 2.被动语态的形式 1.被动语态的一般形式 被动语态的一般形式是“助动词be+过去分词”。人称、数、时态的变化，大都体现在第一个助动词上。主动语态与被动语态的时态比较见下表。 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 动词原形或动词第三人称单数 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 动词过去式 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 shall/will+动词原形 shall/will be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are+现在分词 am/is/are being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were+现在分词 was/were being+过去分词 现在完成时 has/have+过去分词 has/have been+过去分词 过去完成时 had+过去分词 had been+过去分词 将来完成时 shall/will have+过去分词 shall/will have been+过去分词 过去将来时 should/would+动词原形 should/would be+过去分词 过去将来完成时 should/would have+过去分词 should/would have been+过去分词 将来进行时 shall/will be+现在分词 — 各种完成进行时 has/have been+现在分词 had been+现在分词 shall/will have been+现在分词 — 一.一般现在时的被动语态 一般时态被动句中的be动词变化，应按被动句中新主语的人称和数变化。被动句的时态应与主动句的时态保持一致。 主动句：Helen tidies up her room every day.海伦每天整理她的房间。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Helen’s room is tidied up (by Helen) every day.海伦的房间每天被（她自己）整理。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Helen’s room isn’t tidied up every day. （疑问句）A:Is Helen’s room tidied up every day? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. 二.一般过去时的被动语态 主动句：The workers made the printer I bought yesterday last month. 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 我昨天买的那台打印机是工人们上个月生产的。 被动句： （肯定句）The printer I bought yesterday was made (by the workers) last month. 主语 定语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 我昨天买的那台打印机是（由工人们）上个月生产的。 （否定句）The printer I bought yesterday wasn’t made last month. （疑问句）A:Was the printer I bought yesterday made last month? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 说明：比较一下主动句和被动句，被动句的表现形式更好一些。 三.一般将来时的被动语态 主动句：A repairman will repair his car tomorrow morning. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 一个修理工明天上午将会来修理他的汽车。 比较：will+do用于表示“将做，会做”。be going to+do用于表示“（将来）准备做，打算做”。 被动句： （肯定句）His car will be repaired (by a repairman) tomorrow morning. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 他的汽车明天上午将会被（一个修理工）修理。 （否定句）His car will not/won’t be repaired tomorrow morning. （疑问句）A:Will his car be repaired tomorrow morning? B:Yes,it will./No,it won’t. 主动句：They are going to visit the China Millennium Monument.他们打算参观中华世纪坛。 主语 谓语 宾语 被动句： （肯定句）The China Millennium Monument is going to be visited (by them). 中华世纪坛将被（他们）参观。 重要：be动词的人称和数要随着新主语的变化而变化。 （否定句）The China Millennium Monument isn’t going to be visited (by them). （疑问句）A:Is the China Millennium Monument going to be visited (by them)? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. · 四.现在进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 进行时的被动语态的谓语部分与一般时的被动语态谓语部分不同，应为“be+being+过去分词（将主动语态中的现在分词改为过去分词）”。be动词要随着新主语的人称、数变化，时态跟主动句保持一致，采用现在进行时。 主动句：The teacher is telling Snow White now.老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White is being told (by the teacher) now.《白雪公主》正被（老师）讲。 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 （否定句）Snow White isn’t being told now. （疑问句）A:Is Snow White being told now? B:Yes,it is./No,it isn’t. · 五.过去进行时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：The teacher was telling Snow White when I got there. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 当我到那里时，老师正在讲《白雪公主》。 被动句： （肯定句）Snow White was being told (by the teacher) when I got there. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 当我到那里时，《白雪公主》正在被（老师）讲。 （否定句）Snow White wasn’t being told when I got there. （疑问句）A:Was Snow White being told when I got there? B:Yes,it was./No,it wasn’t. 六.现在完成时的被动语态 完成时的被动语态与一般时的被动语态原则大致相同，只有谓语部分不同。谓语是由“have/has+been+过去分词（即原主动句中的过去分词）”所组成。have，has的采用则视被动句中新主语的人称、数而定。 主动句：An unknown virus has just attacked my computer. 主语 谓语 状语 宾语 一种不知名的病毒刚刚侵袭了我的计算机。 被动句： （肯定句）My computer has just been attacked (by an unknown virus). 主语 谓语 状语 by+执行者 我的计算机刚刚被（一种不知名的病毒）侵袭了。 （否定句）My computer hasn’t just been attacked. （疑问句）A:Has your computer just been attacked? B:Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t. 七.过去完成时的被动语态 主动句：They had built fifteen bridges by 2007.截至2007年，他们已经建成了15座大桥。 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 被动句： （肯定句）Fifteen bridges had been built (by them) by 2007. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 说明：by them和by 2007意思不同，by 2007是时间状语，不可以省略。 截至2007年，15座大桥已经（被他们）建立起来了。 （否定句）Fifteen bridges hadn’t been built by 2007. （疑问句）A:Had fifteen bridges been built by 2007? B:Yes,they had./No,they hadn’t. 八.过去将来时的被动语态 主动句：Mother said she would punish the naughty boy this evening. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 母亲说她今晚将惩罚那个淘气的男孩。 说明：本句是将宾语从句she would punish the naughty boy this evening变为被动语态。 被动句： （肯定句）Mother said the naughty boy would be punished this evening (by her). 主语 谓语 宾语 by+执行者 母亲说那个淘气的男孩今晚将被（她）惩罚。 （否定句）Mother said the naughty boy wouldn’t be punished this evening. · 九.将来完成时的被动语态 （高中重点） 主动句：We shall/will have made ten thousand DVDs by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 截至这个月底，我们将生产出一万台DVD。 被动句： （肯定句）Ten thousand DVDs will have been made (by us) by the end of this month. 主语 谓语 by+执行者 状语 截至这个月底，一万台DVD将被（我们）生产出来。 （否定句）Ten thousand DVDs won’t have been made by the end of this month. （疑问句）A:Will ten thousand DVDs have been made by the end of this month? B:Yes,they will./No,they won’t. 十.过去将来完成时的被动语态 主动句：He said he would have learned many words by 2012. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 他说到2012年时他将要学会许多单词。 被动句：He said many words would have been learned (by him) by 2012. 主语 谓语 状语 他说到2012年时，许多单词将被（他）学会。 十一.不可用被动语态的时态 完成进行时态和将来进行时态一般都没有被动语态，如果要用这两种时态表达被动语态的意思，则可以用完成时态或一般时态。 1.完成进行时变为被动语态时，要用完成时表示 主动句：现在完成进行时 The builders have been building this skyscraper for two months. 主语 谓语 宾格 状语 建筑工人修建这幢摩天大楼已两个月了。 被动句：现在完成时 This skyscraper has been built for two months.这幢摩天大楼一直修建有两个月了。 主语 谓语 状语 注意：由于be，being和been三个词中的任何两个词都不可以用在一起，因此将来进行时（shall/will be doing）和各种完成进行时（have/has/had been doing，shall/will have been doing）的被动语态几乎是不能用的。 主动句：将来完成进行时 We will have been using this book for three years by next June. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 到明年6月，我们用这本书已经3年了。 被动句：将来完成时 The book will have been used for three years by next June. 主语 谓语 状语 到明年6月，这本书就用了3年了。 2.将来进行时变为被动语态时，要用一般将来时表示 主动句：将来进行时 You will be doing the experiment here at this time next Monday. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 下周一的这个时候，你将正在这儿做实验。 被动句：一般将来时 The experiment will be done here at this time next Monday. 主语 谓语 状语 这个实验下周一的这个时候将在这儿做。 十二.情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时，在情态动词后面直接加上be动词即可。 其被动语态句型如下： 肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词…… 否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词…… 疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词……？ 主动句：We can design objects in 3D on the computer very easily. 我们可以非常方便地在电脑上设计三维物体。 被动句： （肯定句）Objects in 3D can be designed on the computer very easily. （否定句）Objects in 3D can’t be designed on the computer very easily. （疑问句）A:Can objects in 3D be designed on the computer very easily? B:Yes,they can./No,they can’t. 主动句：You must hand in your homework this afternoon. 今天下午你必须交作业。 被动句： （肯定句）Your homework must be handed in this afternoon. （否定句）Your homework needn’t be handed in this afternoon. （疑问句）A:Must my homework be handed in this afternoon? B:Yes,it must./No,it needn’t. 主动句：I have to do the job myself.我不得不自己做这份工作。 被动句： （肯定句）The job has to be done by myself. （否定句）The job hasn’t to be done by myself. （疑问句）A:Has the job to be done by myself? B:Yes,it has to./No,it hasn’t to. 注意：对这句话的回答不能写为：（误）B:Yes,it has.（误）B:No,it hasn’t. 主动句：All of us ought to obey the rule.我们所有的人都应该遵守这项制度。 被动句： （肯定句）The rule ought to be obeyed (by all of us). （否定句）The rule ought not be obeyed (by all of us). （疑问句）A:Ought the rule to be obeyed (by all of us)? B:Yes,it ought to./No,it oughtn’t to. 一、单句语法填空 1．When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes tasteless. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are removed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：把脂肪和盐从食物中去掉后，食物就无味了。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，remove作从句谓语，和主语fat and salt之间是被动关系，描述客观状态，用一般现在时，主语为复数。故填are removed。 2．The movie “Ne Zha” (inspire) by Chinese mythology (神话), and has gained great success. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is inspired 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：电影《哪吒》受到中国神话的启发，并且取得了巨大的成功。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述客观情况，用一般现在时；主语the movie与动词inspire之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是单数形式，be动词用is。故填is inspired。 3．Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult (admit) free. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】are admitted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：12岁以下儿童在成人陪同下可免费进入。句子主语为Children under 12 years，表示“12岁以下的儿童”。根据句意，儿童是“被允许免费进入”，需用被动语态。句子陈述一般性规定，时态为一般现在时。主语是复数，因此被动结构为“are + 过去分词”。故填are admitted。 4．Yesterday, the child (forgive) for breaking the vase because he apologized sincerely. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was forgiven 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：昨天，那个孩子打破花瓶的行为被原谅了，因为他真诚地道歉了。根据“Yesterday”可知。本句为一般过去时。the child与forgive为被动关系，所以本句为一般过去时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填was forgiven。 5．After graduation from college, he (award) a scholarship to do research. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was awarded 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：大学毕业后，他获得了一份奖学金来做研究。空处缺少谓语动词，且和主语he之间为被动关系，表示“被授予”，所以此处应用被动语态，且句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语he为第三人称单数，be动词应用was，award的过去分词为awarded。故填was awarded。 6．We (shock) at the news that he passed away the night before. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were shocked 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们对他在前一晚去世的消息感到震惊。固定短语be shocked at“对…… 感到震惊”，根据从句中的passed away可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主语We是复数，be动词用were。故填were shocked。 7．A big library (build) in our city next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be built 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：明年我们市将建一座大图书馆。根据时间状语“next year”可知，句子的时态为一般将来时。又因为句子的主语“A big library”和谓语动词“build”之间是被动关系，即图书馆是被建造的，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be built。 8．Do you think paper money (replace) by electronic money in the future. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be replaced 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：你认为纸币将来会被电子货币取代吗？paper money与replace之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“in the future”可知，此处使用一般将来时态的被动语态结构will be replaced。故填will be replaced。 9．A new play (put on) at the theater next week. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be put on 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：下星期剧院将上演一部新剧。空格处是谓语动词，根据时间状语next week可知，应该用一般将来时；主语a new play与动词短语put on之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填will be put on。 10．Over the past decades, great efforts (make) to save giant pandas. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been made 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，人们为拯救大熊猫付出了巨大的努力。根据时间状语“Over the past decades”可知，此处为现在完成时，great efforts和make为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been made。 11．Every possible means (try) to save the endangered species so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been tried 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，每一种可能的方法都已经被用来拯救濒危物种。这里考查谓语动词，主语Every possible means与try之间是被动关系，再由so far可知，这里时态应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语Every possible means为第三人称单数形式。故填has been tried。 12．Jan’s life (improve) by the Internet so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been improved 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，互联网已经改善了简的生活。根据时间状语so far可知，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语Jan’s life与improve之间为被动关系，句子应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语Jan’s life为单数概念，助动词应用has。故填has been improved。 13．When I got to the theatre, I found that the tickets (sell out) and I didn’t get one. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had been sold out 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：当我到达剧院时，我发现票已经卖完了，我没有买到。根据上文When I got to the theatre和句意可知，sell out“卖完”发生在got to“到达”之前，that引导的宾语从句时态用过去完成时，从句中：主语tickets与谓语sell构成被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sold out。 14．The new suspension bridge (complete) by the end of last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been completed 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：新的悬索桥已于上月底完工。此处为谓语动词，根据by the end of last month.可知，此处使用过去完成时态，complete与主语bridge之间是被动关系，所以此处使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been completed。 15．All the tasks (complete) by the time we got there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been completed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我们到那里时，所有的任务都已完成。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文by the time we got there可知为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been completed。 16．They promised that these fine traditions (protect) for generation to come. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be protected 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：他们承诺，这些美好的传统将被世代保护。空处作宾语从句的谓语，根据主句中的“promised”和从句中的“for generation to come”可知，动作在过去尚未发生，时态应用过去将来时，且protect“保护”和主语traditions之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。故填would be protected。 17．I was told that the press conference (hold) the next day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be held 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：有人告诉我新闻发布会将在第二天举行。设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，主语the press conference和动词hold之间是被动关系，根据前文was told和后文the next day可知，此处应用过去将来时的被动语态，表示从过去看将要发生的事情。故填would be held。 18．He said that a new school (build) near this village soon. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be built 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他说不久将在这个村子附近建一所新学校。根据前文He said和后文soon可知，间接引语中应用过去将来时，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be built。 19．I have moved into my cousin’s flat because my flat (decorate) at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being decorated 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：我已经搬进了我表弟的公寓，因为我的公寓目前正在装修。根据时间状语“at the moment”可知，使用现在进行时；my flat和decorate为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用is。故填is being decorated。 20．Whales are very large mammals in the sea. They (hunt)by fishermen at present and become endangered. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being hunted 【解析】略 21．I’m working at home today because my office (paint). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being painted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我今天在家工作，因为我的办公室正在粉刷。空处为从句谓语动词，根据“I’m working at home today”可知，此处表示办公室正在被粉刷，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being + 过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is being painted。 22．We had to take a different path because the road (repair). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being repaired 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：我们不得不走另一条路，因为那条路正在修理。空处作谓语，根据“We had to take a different path”可知，此处表示说话的这一时刻路正在修理，时态应用过去进行时，repair和主语the road之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was being repaired。 23．He noticed that he ___________ (follow) by a strange man when he was walking in the street. 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：当他走在街上时，他注意到一个陌生人一直跟着他。由by可知，句子用被动语态，由when he was walking in the street可知，句子用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done，表示一个过去的时间正在进行的动作，主语he是单数，因此空格处是was being followed。故填was being followed。 24．When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he (examine) by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being examined 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我去医院看望他时，他正在接受医生的检查。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及从句动词went可知，此处应表示过去正在进行的事情，为过去进行时，结合he和动词examine为被动关系，所以为过去进行时的被动语态结构。故填was being examined。 25．By the time the applicant makes up his mind, the offer (cancel). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have been cancelled 【详解】考查将来完成时的被动语态。句意：等到申请人下定决心的时候，offer将已经被取消了。主语offer和动词cancel之间是被动关系，结合时间状语By the time the applicant makes up his mind可知，此处表示在将来某个时间以前已经完成的动作，用将来完成时的被动语态，故填will have been cancelled。 26．By the time he comes tomorrow, all the rooms (paint).(所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will have been painted/will be painted 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：等他明天来的时候，所有的房间都将被粉刷。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语By the time he comes tomorrow,可知应用一般将来时或者将来完成时，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填will have been painted或will be painted。 27．The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics    by 2026. (complete) （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will have been completed 【详解】考查将来完成时的被动语态。句意：北京市长表示，到2026年，北京奥运会的所有建设工作将全部完成。根据“by 2026”可知，此处应用将来完成时。动词complete意为“完成”，和that引导的从句的主语“all construction work”构成被动关系。故填will have been completed。 28．It should (keep) in mind that you can’t be too careful when crossing the road. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be kept 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：应当谨记，过马路时再怎么小心也不为过。句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，主语it与动词短语keep in mind之间是被动关系，用被动语态；由空格前的should可知，空格处用动词原形。故填be kept。 29．Children must be (company) by an adult while in the Children’s Library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accompanied 【详解】考查动词。句意：儿童在儿童图书馆必须有成人陪同。空处应填动词过去式，和前面的be构成被动语态，company的动词形式是accompany“陪伴”，故填accompanied。 30．The beauty of the views couldn’t (imagine) and they left me with many great memories. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be imagined 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：景色的美丽无法想象，它们给我留下了许多美好的回忆。imagine和主语The beauty of the views之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前是情态动词，空处应填动词原形。故填be imagined。 31．It (prove) that the method is safe and reliable by practice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has proved 【详解】考查时态。句意：实践证明，该方法安全可靠。分析可知，所填动词为主句谓语动词，根据后文“by practice(经实践证明)”语境可推知，句子讲述的应是过去发生的实践对现在造成的结果，应是用现在完成时表达，“prove”意为“证明是”，为系动词，不用被动语态，主语“It”为第三人称单数，应是“has done”。故填has proved。 32．This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】tastes 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这种烤肉是当地的超级食物，它尝起来很美味。分析句子可知，taste是谓语动词，由上文的is可知，用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，且taste是系动词，无被动式，故填tastes。 33．We suggest the data need (update) every month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be updated/updating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们建议数据需要每月更新。结合句意可知，data和update是被动关系，所以应用need to be done形式，即to be updated，表示“需要被更新”；也可以用need doing，主动表被动，所以也可以用updating，表示“需要更新”。故填to be updated/updating。 34．Today’s homework was easy (do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天的作业很容易做，所以迈克很快就做完了，然后出去玩了。be easy to do sth.表示“某事很容易做”，动词使用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to do。 35．We are all for your proposal that the discussion (put) off. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be put/should be put 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们都赞成你关于推迟讨论的建议。分析句子可知，that引导同位语从句，根据proposal可知，从句用should do结构的虚拟语气，should可以省略，discussion与put off为被动关系，用(should) be put。故填(should) be put。 一．语段填空 (用所给动词的适当形式填空) The first zoo 1.________(establish) around 3，500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor 2.________(build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals. Some of the early European zoos 3.________(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of which made people disgusted.Later the zoos 4.________(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5.________(keep) in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the 1940s，scientists 6.________(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then，zoos 7.________(try) to save many endangered species，but relying on zoos 8.________(save) species is not enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat. Today，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.________(watch) carefully for any signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a comfortable life.Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs 10.________ (play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now. 1.was established　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“around 3，500 years ago”可知是过去时态，主语“The first zoo”和谓语动词establish之间是被动关系，且主语是the first zoo，谓语用单数，故填 was established。 2.built　考查谓语动词的时态。句中“Five hundred years later”是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，故填 built。 3.consisted　考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，此处描述过去的情况，谓语动词用过去式，故填 consisted。 4.were replaced　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语“the zoos”和谓语动词replace之间为被动关系，并且是描述过去发生的事，且主语是the zoos，谓语用复数，故填were replaced。 5.(were) kept　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。animals与keep之间为被动关系且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，此处是并列谓语，前面已有be动词were，故可以省略were，故填(were) kept。 6.understood　考查谓语动词的时态。“As early as the 1940s”是过去的时间状语，谓语要用过去式，故填 understood。 7.have tried/have been trying　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语为“Since then”，谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行，且主语是zoos，谓语用复数，故填have tried/have been trying。 8.to save　考查非谓语动词。rely on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事，故填to save。 9.(are) watched　考查谓语动词的时态。 主语animals和谓语动词watch之间是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系，故填(are) watched。 10.are playing　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。由时间状语now可知，此处应该使用现在进行时，且主语programs是复数，故填are playing。 二、阅读理解 When I was in my first year of high school, I had a terrible time when every area of my life was a disaster. I felt so hopeless and alone that I thought everything was impossible. On one such day, I was walking from class across the school to catch the school bus home, with my head down, fighting tears of total hopelessness, when a young man came down the sidewalk toward me. Though I had never seen him before, I did not want him to see that I was in such low spirits, so I turned my head away and hoped to hurry past. I thought he’d walk on by, but he moved until he was directly in front of me, waited until I looked up, and then smiled. Looking into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice, “Whatever is wrong will pass. You’re going to be OK, just hang on.” He then smiled again and walked away. I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care! He gave me the one thing that I’d lost completely—hope. I looked for him in our school to thank him, but never saw him again. That was thirty years ago. And I’ve never forgotten that moment. Over the years, whenever I see someone who is in trouble, I will always think of that young man and try to give a flash of hope in the dark wherever I can. I carry things for people when they are too heavy for them, sit with naughty babies in the waiting room while their mothers are busy, or talk to tired couples at the checkout line or it could be anything. If you keep your head up, your heart will show you the place that needs hope. 1．How did the author feel when he was a freshman? A．Joyful. B．Desperate. C．Confident. D．Positive. 2．Where did the writer meet the young man? A．In the school. B．In the school bus. C．In the classroom. D．In the library. 3．What can we infer about the author from the passage? A．He was very grateful to that young man. B．He had known the young man for a long time. C．He avoided meeting the young man since then. D．He made friends with the young man afterwards. 4．What can we know from the passage? A．The young man always tried his best to help those who were in trouble. B．The author traveled to a lot of places to look for the young man but failed. C．It was the young man’s smile and words that made the author feel hopeful. D．The author had never been praised by others before he met the young man. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述高中一年级时作者陷入绝望，陌生年轻人的鼓励给予其希望，此后作者也常向他人传递希望。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“I felt so hopeless and alone that I thought everything was impossible.(我感到绝望和孤独，我认为一切都是不可能的。)”可知，在高中一年级的时候，作者经历了一段无望的时光。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“On one such day, I was walking from class across the school to catch the school bus home, with my head down, fighting tears of total hopelessness, when a young man came down the sidewalk toward me. (有一天，我走出教室，穿过学校，赶校车回家，低着头，强忍绝望的泪水，这时一个年轻人从人行道上走向我。)”可知，作者是在学校见到了这个陌生人。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“I looked for him in our school to thank him, but never saw him again.(我在学校找他，想向他道谢，但再也没见过他)”可推知，作者非常感激那个年轻人。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Looking into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice: ‘Whatever is wrong will pass. You’re going to be OK, just hang on.’ He then smiled again and walked away (这个陌生人看着我的眼睛，轻声说：‘一切都会过去的。你会没事的，坚持住。’然后他又笑了笑，走开了。)”和第四段的“I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and caring! He gave me the one thing that I’d lost completely—hope.(我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响!他给了我一件我完全失去的东西——希望)”可推知，是那个年轻人的微笑和话语使作者感到有希望。故选C项。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 disaster n. 灾难，灾祸 hopelessness n. 绝望 unexpected kindness n. 意想不到的善良 effect n. 影响，效果 checkout line n. 结账队伍 长难句分析 原句：I can’t explain the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care! 译文：我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响！ 分析：本句是简单句。“the effect of that man’s unexpected kindness and care” 为宾语，其中 “of that man’s unexpected kindness and care” 为介词短语作后置定语，修饰 “the effect”。 中文翻译 当我上高中一年级的时候，我经历了一段可怕的时光，我生活的各个方面都一团糟。我感到如此绝望和孤独，以至于我认为一切都是不可能的。 有一天，我走出教室，穿过学校，赶校车回家，低着头，强忍绝望的泪水，这时一个年轻人从人行道上走向我。虽然我以前从未见过他，但我不想让他看到我情绪如此低落，所以我转过头，希望快点过去。我以为他会继续走，但他一直走到我面前，等着我抬起头，然后笑了。 这个陌生人看着我的眼睛，轻声说：“一切都会过去的。你会没事的，坚持住。” 然后他又笑了笑，走开了。 我无法解释那个人出人意料的善良和关心所带来的影响！他给了我一件我完全失去的东西 —— 希望。我在学校找他，想向他道谢，但再也没见过他。 那是三十年前的事了。我从未忘记那一刻。多年来，每当我看到有人遇到麻烦时，我总会想起那个年轻人，并试图在黑暗中尽可能地给他们一丝希望。当人们搬东西太重时，我会帮他们搬；当妈妈们忙碌时，我会在候诊室里陪着调皮的婴儿；或者在结账队伍里和疲惫的夫妇聊天，或者其他任何事情。如果你抬起头，你的心会告诉你需要希望的地方。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$