Unit 8 Literature Lesson 2 Poetry 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册

What is poetry? 1 What is poetry? Poetry is an expression of one’s will. What is kept in the heart is the will, but when expressed in words, it is poetry. ——《 The Book of Songs》 该句出自中国古代诗歌理论文献《毛诗序》。《毛诗》是西汉初年鲁国的毛亨和赵国的毛苌所辑、注的《诗经》版本，《毛诗序》即为它所作的序言，其作者不详。这句话说明了诗歌具有抒情言志的功能。 诗者，志之所之也，在心为志，发言为诗。 2 床前明月光，疑似地下霜。 ——李白 两情若是久长时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。 —秦观 If love between both sides can last forever, Why need they stay together night and day? A pool of moonlight before bed, took it to be frost on the ground. Lead-in Say the following poems in Chinese. Long and winding is the road ahead, I will keep searching and probing between heaven and earth. 路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。 一屈原 If you have a friendwho knows your heart. Distance cannot keep you two apart. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 一王勃 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ ——雪莱 If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? —Percy Shelley Liberty and love, these two I must have. For my love I’ll sacrifice My life. For liberty I’ll sacrifice My love. ——Sandor Petofi 生命诚可贵，爱情价更高。若为自由故，二者皆可抛。 —裴多菲 Skill Builder Understanding Poetry Poetry is a form of literature that is usually written in lines and stanzas (诗节). Words in a poem are put in a special way to make a rhythm (a regular repeated pattern of sounds). The theme of a poem is often shown by images and through literary devices (e.g. simile, personification, metaphor, exaggeration). What typical language features do you often find in poems? Key factors of understanding poetry Key factors of a poem stanzas rhythm themes images literary devices a group of lines forming the basic unit in a poem; a verse 诗节 words are put in a special way — word order; 词序 a regular repeated pattern of sounds — rhythm 押韵 an idea in a work of literature 主题 a word used to describe sth in the way that produces a strong picture in the mind 意象 文学手法 Key factors of understanding poetry literary devices（文学手法） simile metaphor personification exaggeration as brave as a lion; she runs like a deer; He’s as white as a sheet. She is a woman with a heart of stone; Mark Twain’s work is a mirror of America; Pine trees stood on the hill and looked out ito the distance. The autumn wind is rustlig, and petals leave the branch reluctantly and throw themselves into the embrace of the earth. 秋风瑟瑟，花瓣恋恋不舍地离开枝头投入到了大地怀抱。 It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back. 压死骆驼的最后一根稻草。 I have given my last ounce of strength to my work. 我对工作已经尽了最大的努力。 (明喻) (夸张) (暗喻) (拟人) Difference between literary devices（文学手法） simile metaphor (明喻) (暗喻) A simile is a figure of speech in which two essentially dissimilar objects or concepts are expressly compared with one another through the use of “like” or “as.” Simile is used as a literary device to assert similarity with the help of like or as, which are language constructs that establish equivalency. A proper simile creates an explicit comparison between two things that are different enough from each other such that their comparability appears unlikely. A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two non-similar things. As a literary device, metaphor creates implicit comparisons without the express use of “like” or “as.” Metaphor is a means of asserting that two things are identical in comparison rather than just similar. This is useful in literature for using specific images or concepts to state abstract truths. Difference between literary devices（文学手法） simile metaphor (明喻) (暗喻) A simile is a figure of speech in which two essentially dissimilar objects or concepts are expressly compared with one another through the use of “like” or “as.” Simile is used as a literary device to assert similarity with the help of like or as, which are language constructs that establish equivalency. A proper simile creates an explicit comparison between two things that are different enough from each other such that their comparability appears unlikely. A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two non-similar things. As a literary device, metaphor creates implicit comparisons without the express use of “like” or “as.” Metaphor is a means of asserting that two things are identical in comparison rather than just similar. This is useful in literature for using specific images or concepts to state abstract truths. 明喻：基于 “相似性” 的显性比较 明喻通过比喻词（如 like, as, resemble, seem 等）构建逻辑桥梁，将本体（Tenor）与喻体（Vehicle）的相似性外显化。其逻辑结构为：A ≈ B（A 像 B），强调两者在某一属性上的等同（如 “时间如流水” 强调 “流逝性”）。亚里士多德在《诗学》中称其为 “公开的比较”，本质是认知层面的平行类比，需依赖读者对相似性的直接识别。 暗喻：基于 “类属性” 的隐性认同 暗喻省略比喻词，直接将本体与喻体范畴化融合，逻辑结构为：A = B（A 是 B）。例如 “时间是流水” 并非仅指 “流逝”，而是将 “时间” 的整体属性纳入 “流水” 的认知框架（如不可逆转、持续性等）。现代修辞学（如 Lakoff & Johnson 的概念隐喻理论）认为，暗喻是概念系统的跨域映射，通过激活喻体的认知图式，重构本体的语义维度。 明喻是 “解释性” 的，旨在明确传递相似点； 暗喻是 “创造性” 的，旨在建构新的语义关联。 明喻：“His mind is like a computer.” （仅强调 “高效处理信息” 的单一属性，保留 “人脑” 与 “计算机” 的本质差异） 暗喻：“The mind is a computer.” （将 “人脑” 整体纳入 “计算机” 的认知框架，隐含 “程序化、可编码” 等多重属性，可能引发对人类思维本质的哲学反思） 扫清听力障碍 queer harness bells downy flake beneath the milky way the sparkling waves in glee a jocund company in vacant or in pensive mood flash upon the bliss of solitude 奇怪的 马挽具上的铃铛 柔细的雪片 在……下面 银河 粼粼的波浪 欢喜地 快乐的陪伴 或放空或沉思(的心情) 一闪而过 孤独中的福祉 The Poet: Robert Frost (1874-1963) One of the most popular and critically acclaimed American Poets. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life. He had a great command of American colloquial speech. His poetry reveals a keen interest in the varying beauties of nature He wrote about the small but deeply meaningful joys and sorrows of ordinary men and women. 他是美国最受欢迎且备受赞誉的诗人之一，以对乡村生活的现实主义描绘而广受推崇。他精通美国口语化语言，其诗歌展现出对多样自然之美的浓厚兴趣，并着力描写平凡男女身上微小却深刻动人的悲欢。 13 Read the poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”. Try to work out the missing words. Then, listen and check. 3 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost (1874-1963) Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village _______; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the ______. though year He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some _______. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I ______. mistake sleep Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost (1874-1963) Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. Read after the recording andFocus on the rhythm of the poem Whose woods these are, I think I know. His house is in the village, though. He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. Stanza-I My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound's the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep. And miles to go before I sleep. Stanza-II Stanza-III Stanza-IV 17 文化知识——罗伯特·弗罗斯特介绍及《雪夜林边小驻》赏析 Analysis, Stanza by Stanza First Stanza: The narrator stops by the woods, attracted by their beauty. Second Stanza: The owner of the woods is absent, but the narrator feels the pull to stay. Third Stanza: The horse questions the delay, emphasizing duty and responsibility. Fourth Stanza: The narrator admits the temptation of the woods but finally chooses to move on. Listen to the poem. Answer the questions. 1. Why did the writer stop by the woods? 2. Why did the horse give the harness bells a shake? 3. Why couldn’t the writer stay longer in the woods? 1. Why did the writer stop by the woods? He wanted to watch the snow falling in the woods. 2. Why did the horse give the harness bells a shake? The horse was unsure why they had stopped without a barn nearby. 3. Why couldn’t the writer stay longer in the woods? The writer couldn’t stay because he needed to keep going on his journey and he had many more miles left to travel. What is the effect of the repetition in the last lines of the poem? And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. The writer repeats the last line to show how sad the speaker feels. He cannot stop and must continue on his long journey. 文化知识——罗伯特·弗罗斯特介绍及《雪夜林边小驻》赏析 Nature’s temptation The snowy woods evoke a sense of peace and beauty, tempting the narrator to linger. Life’s Choices Like Frost’s other works, this poem presents a choice—one that reflects life’s decisions and their consequences. The poem consists of four quatrains (four-line stanzas). The AABA rhyme scheme (The last word of the fourth line repeats the rhyme from the first and second lines and the first line of each stanza rhymes with the third line of the previous one) creates a musical quality. Frost’s use of iambic tetrameter (four stressed syllables per line) contributes to the poem’s rhythm. Structure and Form Themes What’s the effect of this poem? The poem expresses the poet's idea of the close relationship between man and nature. Although human survival depends on the nature, but at the same time as a social person, people have responsibilities to perform. The deeper meaning of the poem concerns the journey of life. Through this poem, Frost highlights the importance of being active and always being aware of the promise that one makes to oneself. The Daffodils William Wordsworth 威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth was a British Romantic poet whose poems are mainly about the beauty of nature. He often described the countryside in the Lake District in northwest England. Read the introduction about the poet William Wordsworth. Read the poem “The Daffodils”. Use the words below to fill in the rhyming words in each stanza. line crowd tress daffodils dance eye gay brought 7 line crowd tress daffodils dance eye gay brought I wandered lonely as a cloud, That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a _______, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the ______, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine, And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending ______, Along the margin of a bay： Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly ______. crowd trees line dance The waves beside them danced; but they Outdid the sparkling waves in glee： A poet could not but be ______, In such a jocund company: I gazed -- and gazed -- but little thought, What wealth the show to me had _______; For oft, when on my couch I lie, In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward _______, Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the ________. gay brought eye daffodils Listen to the poem. Answer the questions. 1. How did the poet feel before he saw the daffodils? How did he feel afterwards? What is the poet’s mood in the poem? 2. What wealth did the daffodils bring to the writer? 3. How is the beauty of the daffodils depicted in the poem? 1. How did the poet feel before he saw the daffodils? How did he feel afterwards? What is the poet's mood in the poem? Before the poet saw the daffodils, he felt lonely. Afterwards, he felt companionship from the flowers. The poet's mood in the poem is happy and positive. 2. What wealth did the daffodils bring to the writer? The experience provided him a memory that helped him when he was alone or in a blue mood. 3. How is the beauty of the daffodils depicted in the poem? The poet depicts the beauty of the daffodils by describing how they look and move. 文化知识——威廉·华兹华斯介绍及《水仙》赏析 Summary The poem describes the speaker’s encounter with a field of golden daffodils. The daffodils are dancing and fluttering along the waterside. The memory of this scene brings the speaker comfort and joy. Structure and Form The poem consists of four stanzas of six lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABCC (The first line rhymes with the third line. The second line rhymes with the fourth line. The fifth line rhymes with the sixth line.) Wordsworth’s use of iambic tetrameter (抑扬格四音步) creates a rhythmic flow. The Cloud The cloud is portrayed as “wandering” and “lonely.” This cloud serves as a metaphor for the poetic persona’s emotional state. The Daffodils The daffodils symbolize self-awareness and self-reflection. Wordsworth’s encounter with them sparks a sense of wonder and inspiration. Symbolism 文化知识——威廉·华兹华斯介绍及《水仙》赏析 Nature’s Beauty: The daffodils symbolize the beauty and magical power of nature. Imagination: The emotions sparked by the daffodils lead to this sweet poetic expression. Themes and Emotions This poem is about the beauty of nature. It also named as “I Wandered lonely as a Cloud”. There is a vivid picture of the daffodils here, mixed with the poet’s philosophical and somewhat mystical thought. 华兹华斯和湖区 1770年4月7日，华兹华斯生于坎伯兰郡（Cumberland）科克茅斯镇（Cockermouth）。湖区的美景对他的诗歌创作贡献良多，他的诗歌也大大改变了公众对英格兰那一带地区的认识。 他的妹妹，也是他一生的好伙伴，多萝西，生于1771年。因父母早逝，两人皆受到亲戚照顾。1787到90年间，威廉在剑桥求学，放假时常在湖区地带散步，或徒步穿越法国去阿尔卑斯。 1795年，威廉和多萝西在英国西南部安家，在那里结识塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治，并与他一同发表《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads，1798），其中就有“撰于廷腾寺数英里之上的诗行”。但他们离开湖区的日子并不长，1799年，华兹华斯和多萝西返回挚爱的湖区，在格拉斯米尔湖（Grasmere）边定居。那里的生活为华兹华斯的一些最杰出的诗篇带来灵感，包括《我孤独地漫游，像一朵云》和《永生的信息》（‘Ode: Intimations of Mortality’），以及散文作品《记英格兰北部湖泊美景》（A Description of the Scenery of the Lakes in the North of England，1822）。 我独自漫游，像山谷上空,悠然飘过的一朵云霓， 蓦然举目，我望见一丛，金黄的水仙，缤纷茂密； 在湖水之滨，树阴之下，正随风摇曳，舞姿潇洒。 连绵密布，似繁星万点，在银河上下闪烁明灭， 这一片水仙，沿着湖湾，排成延续无尽的行列； 一眼便瞥见万朵千株，，摇颤着花冠，轻盈飘舞。 湖面的涟漪也迎风起舞，水仙的欢悦却胜似涟漪； 有了这样愉快的伴侣，诗人怎能不心旷神怡！ 我凝望多时，却未曾想到，这美景给了我怎样的珍宝。 从此，每当我倚榻而卧，或情怀抑郁，或心境茫然， 水仙呵，便在心目中闪烁——那是我孤寂时分的乐园； 我的心灵便欢情洋溢，和水仙一道舞踊不息。 遐想同一片岸石，笼罩着皑皑飘雪， 何等盛景！银镯如炽！ Read and appreciate poem 2 华兹华斯关于自然的诗歌，优美动人，他的这类诗歌的一个突出特点就是——寓情于景，情景交融。 作者通过对英格兰北部的春天湖边的水仙花的描写，表现了人与自然的交流，诗人从中找到了未泯的童心，窥见了一种永恒的生机。 每节诗中一三行、二四行、五六行分别押韵，格调清新欢快，优美流畅。 本诗由景及情，从第三诗节开始由景色想到旅伴，于是水仙怒放转成了心花怒放，自然美景与心灵感受浑然一体。一贯主张回到自然的诗人借这首诗表达了人性的复归，人与自然息息相通，自然界的快乐和人间的快乐架起了互通的桥梁。 Listen to the two poems again. Read them aloud. 9 Both Robert Frost and William Wordsworth expressed their deep love and appreciation of nature in their poems. Discuss the different ways they expressed their appreciation. Find examples. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The poet describes the whole scene of the woods on a snowy evening vividly. He used the scene as background to show what he thinks and how his thought changes after he sees the scene. The Daffodils The writer is cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem, on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively daffodils. The poet uses the description of daffodils to show his philosophical thoughts. Read the two poems again. Underline and talk about the literary devices the two poets used to express their feelings. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening personification (拟人) -- He gives his harness bells a shake alliteration (头韵法) -- The woods are lovely, dark and deep repetition (重复) -- And miles to go before I sleep The Daffodils alliteration (头韵) -- Beside the lake, beneath the trees simile (明喻) -- I wondered lonely as a cloud personification (拟人) -- Fluttering and dancing in the breeze exaggeration (夸张) -- Continuous as the stars that shine Step 7. Assessment 2. Can you list some literary devices after learning this lesson? stanzas rhythm themes images literary devices feelings simile metaphor personification exaggeration 1. From what aspects do we usually analyse and appreciate poems? 3. Check the words and phrases 1.结冰的 ________ 2.打扫 v._________ 3.徘徊 v._________ 4. 飘扬 v._________ 5. 微风 n._________ 6.连续的，不间断的____________ 7.闪烁v._________ 8.延伸v._________ 9.海湾n. ___________ 10.一瞥v.&n.__________ 11.挥动v.海浪n._________ 12.空的，未被占用的_________ 13. 内心的，向内的 _______ frozen sweep wander flutter breeze continuous twinkle stretch bay glance wave vacant inward Assessment 1. fill up with 2. work out 3. see sb. doing sth. 4. frozen lake 5. keep one’s promise 6. literary devices 7. all at once 8. a host of 9. flutter and dance in the breeze 10. at a glance 1. 充满，装满 2. 找到（办法），算出 3. 看到某人在做某事 4. 结冰的湖面 5. 遵守承诺 6. 文学手法 7. 突然 8. 一大群，许多，大量 9. 在微风中摇曳 10. 一瞥，瞥一眼 一、单词拼写 1. He predicted that the earth would be a ___________ (冷冻的)ball if it were not for the radiant heat of the sun. 2. The robot can help us __________ (打扫)the floor everyday, guaranteeing us to have enough time to do something else. 3. When he got bored he____________ (闲逛)around the fair. 4. The curtains billowed in the__________(微风)，indicating it was a cool morning. 5. You'll need to provide____________(持续的) and organised entertainment so that children can be absorbed. frozen sweep wandered breeze continuous 6. She saw beauty on the farm , in the forest and even in the stars ___________（闪烁） at night on her adventure . 7. The exercises are designed to________（延伸)backwards your leg muscles. 8. He never even ___________ (一瞥）at the political pages of a daily paper. 9. The ____________（活跃的)woman lives in a nursing home with 50 other retired persons . 10. She became famous through her association with the group of ___________ (诗人）. twinkling stretch glanced active poets 三、单句语法填空 1. They would sit on the log and sip tea，________( gaze ) at the starry sky . 2.A number of elderly people were regarded as likely to ____________ ( vacancy ) post . 3. He stared ___________ ( pensive ) at the glass in front of him , lost in thought . 4. The sun shone on the sea and the _________ ( wave ) danced and sparkled . 5. Logically, ____________ ( stretch ) exercises can help you avoid injury and improve your game . 6. About three miles away , I could see the structure where several lights were _________ ( twinkle ) 7. She was in __________ (continue) employment until the age of sixty-five. 8.We spent the morning __________ (wander) around the old part of the city. 9. The clerk told us that the showroom had been emptied and __________ ( sweep ) clean . 10.The two security workers once walked across the ____________ ( freeze ) pond at two in the morning . gazing vacate pensively waves stretching twinkling wandering continuous swept frozen 四、单句写作 1．她去了医院，发现她的助理躺着，一只眼睛戴着眼罩。( find ＋宾语＋宾补） 2．他突然想到这个周末必须向委员会提交他的计划。( flash on ) 3.为了让我们注意到他，那个聪明的男孩朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。( wave to ) She went to the hospital and found her assistant lying there with an eye patch on. It flashed on him that he must submit his plan to the committee this weekend. In order to get our attention, the clever boy shouted and waved to us. 4．我们怎样才能使所有的纵列都拉伸到相同的大小？( column , stretch to ) 5．这可怜的孩子在寒冷的天气里差一点儿被冻死。( be frozen to death ) How can we make all the columns stretch to the same size? The poor child was nearly frozen to death in the cold weather. null 74552.93 null 110318.055 null 174245.92 $$