类别三 说明文-【一战成名新中考·5行卷】2025河北中考英语·方向性试题强化训练

方向性试题强化训练·河北英语 读 写 专 项 训 练 类别三　 说明文 Passage 1 Does life sometimes seem to be full of impossible problems? How many times, for example, do you find yourself saying things like “I really don􀆳t understand this maths problem”, or “I can􀆳t get into the school team”? Well, maybe it􀆳s time to introduce yourself to the power of “ yet” . By adding this simple word, you can change everything. “I really don􀆳t understand this maths problem yet. ” “I can􀆳t get into the school team yet. ” Suddenly, the impossible becomes possible. You can imagine those things happening. I read about a school that has changed the way it marks its students􀆳 exams. The school found out that the old “pass / fail” system wasn􀆳t helping students􀆳 motivation(动力). If you passed, then great, but those students who didn􀆳t pass often felt like failures. So now students who don􀆳t pass the exams will not see a big red “ F” on their papers—they see a “ Not yet” instead. 　 ▲ 　 They haven􀆳t reached the end, but they know that they are going the right way. This kind of thinking is part of what experts call “having a growth mindset” . People with a growth mindset don􀆳t concentrate on failure. They aren􀆳t worried by not getting things right the first time and are happy to keep trying until they do. They enjoy the challenge and believe they can change. However, people who just focus on the failure have what the experts call “ a fixed mindset” . These people are always worried about failure and are more likely to give up when things don􀆳t go right. They don􀆳t think that they are able to change. Clearly, it is better to have a growth mindset than a fixed mindset. But don􀆳t worry if you think that you have a fixed mindset. You can train yourself to develop a growth mindset. Remember that it all starts with questioning the things you believe about yourself. Stop believing that you can􀆳t or you haven􀆳t and realize that you just can􀆳t or haven􀆳t yet. Once you start doing this, you􀆳ll wonder why you didn􀆳t do it before. It􀆳s one small but very powerful word. ( B )1. Why does the writer give the example in Paragraph 2? A. To show the result. B. To support the topic. C. To express a feeling. D. To describe a problem. ( D )2. 新考法 信息还原 Which of the following can be put in “　 ▲　 ”? A. Everyone has his or her own advantages and disadvantages. B. Then the students doubt whether it is worth fighting on. C. By doing this, the school can judge the students better. D. In that way, the students feel that they are on a journey. ( C )3. What does the underlined phrase “concentrate on” probably mean? A. Look forward to. B. Learn a lot from. C. Pay attention to. D. Make a difference to. ( D )4. According to the text, which one of the following has a “growth mindset”? A. Mary got the first prize in the competition. She was excited to tell her friends. B. Grace couldn􀆳t learn English well. She felt disappointed and wanted to drop it. 05 方向性试题强化训练·河北英语 读 写 专 项 训 练 C. Joe failed to pass the exam. He was sad and didn􀆳t want to have another try. D. Peter􀆳s team lost the soccer game, but they didn􀆳t give up and kept practicing. ( A )5. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. The Power of “Yet” B. Two Different Mindsets C. Nothing is Impossible D. Ways to Achieve Success Passage 2 If you are looking for somewhere special to visit in London, we may have the answer for you: Sir John Soane􀆳s Museum. The Reason The museum is one of London􀆳s best-kept secrets, and it􀆳s well worth a visit. Sir John, a great architect(建筑师), lived in London during the 18th century(1753-1837), and the amazing thing is that his house is exactly the same as he left it. In fact, visiting the house is just like stepping back in time. The Design There are three floors which are open to the public. You can start on the first floor. This was Sir John􀆳s work area. You can ask the guards about the paintings on the walls as they tell you something about his family and life. And don􀆳t worry about the guards as they are really nice and helpful. Next, you can go downstairs to the ground floor. Here you can see his rich collection of paintings. For example, there is a series(系列) of interesting paintings about 18th century life in London. Now comes the last part, the underground floor. It􀆳s full of thousands of valuable objects, such as sculptures (雕塑) and models of famous buildings from all over the world. Walking around this part of the house is a bit like being on a treasure hunt, as you can find things hidden away in secret corners. Anyway, you􀆳ll have to go there yourself to see. The Location Sir John Soane􀆳s Museum is a very small place. It􀆳s only about ten minutes􀆳 walk from the British Museum. There is a free hour-long guided tour every Saturday at 2:30 pm, but the best choice is just to walk around by yourself. So now you know where to go next time you􀆳re in London. We promise that it􀆳s an experience you won􀆳t forget! ( C )1. Why is Sir John Soane􀆳s Museum special according to Paragraph 2? A. It is the oldest museum in London. B. There is a time machine in it. C. It is kept the same as Sir John left it. D. There are lots of secret boxes in it. ( D )2. 新考法 细节排序 In which order does the writer advise people to visit the museum? ①the underground floor　 ②the ground floor　 ③the first floor A. ①②③ B. ②①③ C. ①③② D. ③②① ( A )3. What can be seen on the ground floor of the museum? A. A series of interesting paintings. B. Pictures of Sir John and his family. C. A valuable collection of sculptures. D. Models of famous buildings. 15 方向性试题强化训练·河北英语 读 写 专 项 训 练 ( C )4. 新考法 文章出处 Where can you probably find the text? A. In a storybook. B. In a science report. C. In a travel magazine. D. In a geography textbook. Passage 3 A tree has roots. People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It􀆳s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar word, and you will understand where it came from. As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives(侦探) looking for information to unlock the unknown. The first thing to do when coming across a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means. As you know, prefixes(前缀) and suffixes(后缀) can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them, and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key. Take time to learn a few of these and then put them in your memory. Let􀆳s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “ other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it? • If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying. • If you go to the movies on alternate Saturdays, you go on one Saturday, but not the other Saturday. • If you have no alternative, you have no other choice. Learn as many root words as you can in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work make a big difference. ( D )1. What does the underlined phrase “coming across” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Memorizing. B. Repeating. C. Reviewing. D. Meeting. ( C )2. If Jim and Lily go to the movies, which one below is “alternating paying”? A. They each pay half. B. Jim pays every time. C. They take turns to pay. D. Their parents pay for them. ( B )3. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer explain his ideas about root words? A. By telling a story. B. By giving examples. C. By having a discussion. D. By listing some numbers. ( D )4. 新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. 25 方向性试题强化训练·河北英语 读 写 专 项 训 练 Passage 4 传统文化 “Taoli”, “kaimo”, what do these Chinese titles mean? Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are? ●Keeping modest(谦虚的) Chinese people in the past or even sometimes today call their sons quanzi. They believe that dogs are humble(卑微的) animals. When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest. Of course, most parents do have high expectations for their children and want them to be successful. Although people are modest about themselves, they praise others a lot. They call their own sons quanzi, but others􀆳 sons linglang to be polite. ●Trees of character In Chinese, kaimo means “role model”. Both of these Chinese characters have a “木” on their left side. This means kai and mo might have been two kinds of trees in ancient China. It was said that there were once kai trees growing near Confucius􀆳s tomb(墓) and mo trees near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou. Their trunks were very straight, just like their character—straight and upright. Kaimo was then used to refer to role models. ●Spreading seeds(种子) of education There is a Chinese saying taoli mantianxia, which comes from a story about Zizhi. He was a kind and wise teacher. He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree and asked his students to work hard. “You should become a useful person, just like when the peach and plum trees produce fruit. ” Keeping these words in their minds, many of Zizhi􀆳s students achieved great things along the way and planted peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher. Since then, “peach and plum trees” has been used to refer to students who have been successful. ( D )1. Why do Chinese parents sometimes call their sons quanzi? A. Because they are always proud of their sons. B. Because they expect their sons to be polite. C. Because they want to bring their sons good luck. D. Because they try to be modest in front of others. ( D )2. What kind of people did Zizhi want his students to be? A. Polite and kind people. B. Clever and strict people. C. Modest and wise people. D. Hard-working and useful people. ( C )3. What does the text mainly about? A. Chinese education system. B. The history of some Chinese titles. C. Traditional Chinese culture and value. D. Some famous people in ancient China. 35 方向性试题强化训练·河北英语 读 写 专 项 训 练 ( A )4. 新考法 文章出处 Where can we probably read the text? A. In a culture magazine. B. In a science newspaper. C. In a history book. D. In an advertisement. Passage 5 Every year, lots of animals around the world go on migrating(迁徙) journeys. Some need to find food; others are looking for somewhere to breed and raise their young. Migrations can be long and difficult for animals, but new research on birds has found that farmland along the way can help their progress. In spring, hundreds of thousands of birds living near Lake Poyang, in China, fly north to Siberia, Russia. On the way, they find places to stop and eat to keep their energy levels up for the long journey. Some birds, such as geese, eat young grass that starts to grow at the beginning of the season. This food can last for only a few weeks. And rising temperatures caused by climate change can sometimes make the grass grow earlier than usual. This means that some birds are arriving too late to eat the grass. As more land is used for farming, the natural wetlands where birds like to search for food are disappearing, too. A team of researchers have recently chosen to follow 246 birds, including geese and tundra swans, that are flying from Lake Poyang to Siberia. They find that the birds have changed their diets to adapt to(适应) the environments they pass through. As well as eating grass from the wetlands along the way, the birds are also eating seeds dropped by farmers. The researchers believe that seeds will become a more important part of migrating birds􀆳 diets as more natural wetlands disappear. They suggest that if farmers use different ways of harvesting, like using machines that leave behind more seeds in fields, it could help to feed migrating birds. However, they also say wetlands must be protected, so the birds can enjoy different foods during their long journeys. ( D )1. What does the underlined word “breed” probably mean in the first paragraph? A. Feed animals. B. Keep pets. C. Meet friends. D. Have babies. ( B )2. In which month will the birds living near Lake Poyang fly to Siberia, Russia? A. In January. B. In April. C. In August. D. In October. ( B )3. 新考法 细节归纳 What may cause the migrating birds to have less food to eat? a. The rising temperatures. b. The large number of migrating birds. c. The disappearance of natural wetlands. A. a, b B. a, c C. b, c D. a, b, c ( A )4. How do the birds adapt to the environments they pass through? A. By changing their diets. B. By changing the way they fly. C. By making their homes in wetlands. D. By making friends with farmers. 45 方向性试题强化训练·河北英语 读 写 专 项 训 练 Passage 6 !"#$ In our busy world, where information comes at us from all directions, it􀆳s more important to develop strong thinking skills. Two of the most valuable skills we can develop are reflective thinking (反思性思维) and critical thinking(批判性思维). Reflective thinking is like looking into a mental mirror. It􀆳s about taking time to think about our experiences, actions and feelings. When we practice reflective thinking, we ask ourselves questions like: What did I learn from this situation? How did I feel about it? What could I do differently next time? This kind of thinking helps us understand ourselves better and make wiser choices. Critical thinking, on the other hand, is like being a detective (侦探). It means carefully analyzing(分析) information, questioning, and looking at things from different perspectives. When we think critically, we don􀆳t just accept information as it is. We ask: Is this information true or not? What evidence supports this claim(声明)? Are there other ways to look at this problem? So, how can we develop these important skills? Here are some simple ways: •Keep a diary: Writing down your thoughts and experiences helps you to reflect on your day and learn from it. •Ask questions: Don􀆳t be afraid to ask “why” and “how” about things you learn or hear. •Be open-minded: Being open to new ideas. It can help you find more possible solutions to a problem. •Discuss with others: Talking about ideas with friends or family can help you see things in a new way. Remember, developing these thinking skills takes time and practice. Start small—maybe by reflecting on your day before bed or questioning one piece of information you come across each day. ( C )1. What is more important according to Paragraph 1? A. Learning to analyze information. B. Developing basic living skills. C. Developing strong thinking skills. D. Learning how to solve problems. ( B )2. What􀆳s the benefit of developing reflective thinking skills? A. It helps us learn from mistakes. B. It helps us understand ourselves better. C. It helps us achieve success more easily. D. It helps us solve problems more quickly. ( A )3. What does the underlined word “perspectives” probably mean? A. Angles. B. Opinions. C. Conditions. D. Results. ( B ) 4. 新考法 细节归纳 Which of the following are ways to develop these thinking skills according to the text? ①Asking questions more often. ②Discussing with others. ③Taking part in different activities. ④Being open to new ideas. A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④ ( D )5. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Ideas about How to Make a Wise Choice B. The Importance of Learning Different Skills C. Advice on How to Understand Yourself Better D. Ways to Develop Reflective and Critical Minds 55 参考答案及解析·河北英语 方 向 性 试 题 强 化 训 练 2. C　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段第二句可知,她们在社 交媒体上分享图书清单,呼吁大家捐赠这些书。 3. B　 【解析】信息还原题。 根据第一段倒数第三句和第五段 最后一句可知,如果孩子们与书中的人物有联系或产生共 鸣,他们就会喜欢阅读,可以推断填入 B 项“在书中看到自 己的形象”符合语境。 Passage 3 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。 主要讲述了沈虎通过自己精 湛的烹饪技艺,将中国菜和饮食文化带给英国人,赢得了他们 的喜爱和认可,同时餐厅老板艾伦也计划在伦敦再开一家中餐 馆以保持东方饮食文化的活力。 1. D　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第一段第二、三句可知,他在 伦敦一家中餐馆工作。 2. B　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段最后四句可知,英国人 喜欢中国菜。 3. A　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段第一句可知,彼得喜欢 北京烤鸭。 4. C　 【解析】推理判断题。 根据最后一段内容可知,他们正努 力在这里保持东方饮食文化的活力,因为沈虎,他们的餐厅 代表了这种文化,由此可见他对餐厅很满意。 Passage 4 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。 主要讲述了一位老师引导学 生学会向他人提问的故事。 1. A　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段“ 􀆺Please go and light a candle first􀆺 Go and get some more candles􀆺”可知,老师通 过让 Jason做点燃蜡烛的实验来帮助他解决问题。 2. B　 【解析】推理判断题。 根据第二、三段可知,老师通过让 Jason亲自做实验的方式解决了 Jason的困惑,由此可推知老 师是很有智慧的。 3. B　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第四段最后一句可知,老师很 开心 Jason能够问他问题。 4. C　 【解析】推理判断题。 根据最后一段并结合全文可知,本 文主要告诉我们要学会提问,这样能够学到更多。 Passage 5 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。 主要讲述了杨淑亭女士在遭 遇车祸后,努力创业并帮助残疾人,助力脱贫攻坚的故事。 1. A　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段第二、三句可知,杨淑 亭因为一场交通事故不能走路了。 2. C　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段第五、六句可知,让杨 淑亭成功的是她的在线手工艺品生意。 3. B　 【解析】主旨大意题。 通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了杨 淑亭女士在遭遇车祸后,身残志坚,努力创业,并帮助残疾 人,助力脱贫攻坚的故事。 所以 B选项符合本文主旨。 Passage 6 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。 主要讲述了作者一家从繁忙 喧嚣的拉斯维加斯搬到了亚利桑那州一个偏远小镇的经历,他 们希望过一种更自给自足的生活,体验绿色环保。 1. A　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第一段内容可知,作者一家想 放慢生活节奏,过上环保的生活,所以搬去了乡村。 2. D　 【解析】写作手法题。 第三段详细介绍了作者一家人搬 到乡下后生活方式的改变,例如缩短淋浴时间和节约用水, 说明是通过展示变化来展开这一段内容的。 3. B　 【解析】故事情节推断题。 根据最后一段第一句可知,第 四段可能与慢生活的特点或方式相关。 Passage 7 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。 主要讲述了 Tim 对自己的才 华不自信,在他爷爷的鼓励下最终获得自信的故事。 1. A　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第一段可知,Tim 之所以把他 的画藏起来是因为他缺乏自信。 2. B　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段最后一句及第五段第 一句可知,Tim的爷爷很有智慧且善于鼓励别人。 3. C　 【解析】主旨大意题。 通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了 Tim从对自己才华的不自信,到被爷爷鼓励最终获得自信的 心路历程。 类别三　 说明文 Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。 主要介绍了“Yet”一词的强大 力量,它可以让不可能变为可能。 旨在鼓励人们拥有成长型思 维,相信自己可以做出改变。 1. B　 【解析】写作意图题。 在第二段举的例子中,学校改变了 给学生考试打分的方式,将“a big red F”改为了“Not yet”,让 学生感到他们正走在正确的路上,提高学生的积极性。 该例 子证实了“the power of ‘yet􀆳”。 2. D　 【解析】信息还原题。 根据空格前后句可知,现在没有通 过考试的学生在试卷上不会看到一个红色的大“F”,而是看 到一个“ Not yet” ……这就像一个旅程,他们还没有达到终 点,但他们知道他们正走在正确的路上,选项 D“通过这种方 式,学生们感觉自己正在旅程中”符合语境。 3. C　 【解析】词义猜测题。 根据后文中的 “ people who just focus on the failure have what the experts call ‘ a fixed mindset􀆳”可知,此处将成长型思维与固定型思维进行了对 比。 concentrate on与 focus on 意思相近,均表示“专注于”, 结合备选项可知,C项与其意思相近。 4. D　 【解析】推理判断题。 根据第三段第二、三句可知,拥有 成长型思维的人不会专注于失败,他们不会担心第一次做得 不对,而且乐于不断尝试,直到做对为止。 故选项 D“彼得所 在的球队输了足球比赛,但他们没有放弃,继续练习”符合 描述。 5. A　 【解析】标题归纳题。 通读全文可知,本文主要讲的是 “yet”一词的强大力量。 Passage 2 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了约翰·索恩 爵士博物馆。 1. C　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段第二句可知,令人惊奇 的是,他的房子和他离开时一模一样。 2. D　 【解析】细节排序题。 根据第三段中的“ You can start on the first floor􀆺Next, you can go downstairs to the ground floor 􀆺Now comes the last part, the underground floor. ”可知,作者 建议的路线是先参观二楼,然后下到一楼,最后到地下楼层。 3. A　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段第七、八句可知,在这 里你可以看到他丰富的绘画收藏。 例如,有一系列关于十八 世纪伦敦生活的有趣画作。 4. C　 【解析】文章出处题。 根据文章第一段可知,本文主要介 绍了伦敦一个特别的地方———约翰·索恩爵士博物馆。 因 此最有可能在旅游杂志上看到。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 13 参考答案及解析·河北英语 方 向 性 试 题 强 化 训 练 Passage 3 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了在语言学习中词 根的重要性。 1. D　 【解析】词义猜测题。 根据句意可知,当遇到一个新的、 困难的词汇时,首先要做的是评估情况,查看所有已知的信 息,看看是否能帮助我们理解它的含义,此处的 “ coming across”指的是遇到新单词,结合备选项可知,D 项与其意思 相近。 2. C　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据方框中的第一条可知,这次你 付,下次他付,你们在轮流付账。 因此轮流付账指的是你付 一次我付一次。 3. B　 【解析】写作手法题。 根据方框中所给的示例可知,作者 通过举例子来说明词根的用法。 4. D　 【解析】篇章结构题。 文章第一段引出话题“单词也有词 根”;第二段讲述了通过已知的东西帮助我们理解新难词; 第三段讲述词根的重要性;第四段通过单词具体说明;第五 段总结通过学习词根获得新的技能。 故选 D。 Passage 4 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。 主要介绍了中文中“桃李”、 “楷模”等词汇的含义及其背后的故事,强调了谦虚、榜样和教 育的重要性。 1. D　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段前三句可知,中国父母 称自己儿子为“犬子”是因为他们想要在别人面前表现得 谦虚。 2. D　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据最后一段第三句可知,子质希 望自己的学生成为勤奋且有用的人。 3. C　 【解析】主旨大意题。 根据第一段以及全文内容可知,本 文主要介绍了中国历史和文化中几个词汇背后的含义和 故事。 4. A　 【解析】文章出处题。 本文主要介绍了几个中文词汇背 后的故事和含义。 与文化相关,因此最有可能出现在文化杂 志中。 Passage 5 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了农田如何帮 助迁徙的鸟类。 1. D　 【解析】词义猜测题。 根据第一段第二句可知,动物迁徙 的原因之一是为了繁殖和抚养后代,因此推测 breed 与 have babies意思相同。 2. B　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段第一句可知,春天,生 活在中国鄱阳湖附近的数十万只鸟会向北飞往俄罗斯的西 伯利亚。 结合选项可知,四月属于春天。 3. B　 【解析】细节归纳题。 根据第二段最后三句可知,导致候 鸟食物减少的原因一方面是由于气候变化引起的气温上升, 有时会使草比平时生长得早。 因此有些鸟来的太晚了就会 来不及吃草。 另一方面则是由于越来越多的土地被用于农 业,鸟类喜欢寻找食物的天然湿地也在消失。 4. A　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段第二句可知,鸟类通过 改变饮食来适应路过的环境。 Passage 6 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。 主要介绍了两种重要的思维能 力———反思性思维与批判性思维,以及培养这些思维能力的方法。 1. C　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第一段第一句可知,培养强大 的思维能力更为重要。 2. B　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第二段最后一句可知,反思性 思维方式有助于我们更好地了解自己,做出更明智的选择。 3. A　 【解析】词义猜测题。 根据画线词后两句可知,当我们批 判性地思考时,我们不会只是接受信息的本来面目。 我们会 问:这个信息是真的还是假的? ……,由此可推测,我们要从 不同的角度看问题。 perspective意为“角度”,与 angle同义。 4. B　 【解析】细节归纳题。 根据第四段下面介绍的内容可知, 培养这些思维能力的方式主要有:记日记、多问问题、对新想 法持开放态度、与他人讨论。 5. D　 【解析】标题归纳题。 根据第一段及最后一段内容可知, 本文主要介绍了两种重要的思维能力。 D项“培养反思和批 判思维的方法”作为标题更合适。 类别四　 议论文 Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。 文章主要围绕“熟能生巧”这 一观点展开论述。 1. B　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第一段最后一句以及第二段 前两句可知,有目的的练习能使我们得到进一步的提升。 2. A　 【解析】信息还原题。 根据空格后一句可知,后文提到的 都是关于把你的目标分成一个个可以逐步完成的小步骤。 因此设空处应该说设定目标,选项 A“设定明确的目标对于 有目的的练习是必要的。”符合语境。 3. C　 【解析】词义猜测题。 根据后文描述可知,此处讲的是把 目标分成一个个可以逐步完成的小步骤。 accomplish 意为 “完成”,与 complete同义。 4. B　 【解析】篇章结构题。 第一段引出论点“熟能生巧”是否 真的会使我们成功;第二段介绍有目的的练习可以使我们获 得进一步提升;第三、四、五段介绍了有目的的练习的特征; 最后一段进行总结,有目的的练习不是一切,但如果你想不 断提高,它可能比通常的方法更有用。 B项符合文章结构。 5. A　 【解析】标题归纳题。 通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了漫 无目的地重复练习可能不会带来进步,甚至可能导致表现下 降。 接着介绍了有目的的练习的几个特点。 因此选项 A 适 合作为文章标题。 Passage 2 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。 主要分析了错误对于成功的 意义以及如何从错误中吸取教训。 1. C　 【解析】写作意图题。 根据第二段最后两句可知,犯错有 助于我们找到更好的答案,这样我们就会知道下次如何以不 同的方式处理事情。 作者之所以提及“学骑自行车”是为了 表明失败是成功之母。 2. C　 【解析】词义猜测题。 根据画线词所在句语境可知,此处 表示这样我们就会知道下次如何以不同的方式处理事情。 handle意为“处理”,与 deal with同义。 3. B　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第三段最后一句可知,现在 Elsie可以制作出美味的蛋糕。 4. B　 【解析】细节理解题。 根据第四段第一句可知,Alexandra Eidens在《儿童生活大杂志》说,你应该对错误持开放态度, 因为从错误中吸取教训可以帮助你相信自己,面对挑战。 5. A　 【解析】标题归纳题。 通读全文可知,文章主要分析了错 误对于成功的意义以及如何从错误中吸取教训。 A 项适合 作文章标题。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 23