第八讲Unit 3 Getting Along with Others Grammar and usage &Integrated skills学案-2024-2025学年高一英语译林版必修第一册初升高衔接

第八讲 U3 Grammar and usage &Integrated skills 知识梳理+对应练习 The glory of friendship is not the outstretched hand, nor the kindly smile, nor the joy of companionship; it is the spiritual inspiration that comes to one when he discovers that someone else believes in him and is willing to trust him. — Ralph Waldo Emerson Grammar and usage 知识梳理： 1、 a magazine article on... 一篇关于……的杂志文章 2、 the rest of 其余的,剩余的 " the rest of + 名词"作句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of后的名词。 3、 count on 依赖,依靠,指望 近义: depend on/ upon count on/ upon... to do sth.指望……做某事 l count on/ upon(...) doing sth.指望(……)做某事 4、 one's true/ real self 真正的自我;真面目 5、 connect /kə' nekt/ vt.与……有联系→connection /kə'nekʃn/n.[C]联系，关联 keep us connected 使我们保持联系 6、 eat away at 腐蚀,侵蚀,逐渐破坏 7、 shallow /'ʃæləʊ/ adj. 肤浅的,浅薄的；浅的 8、 blog/blɒg/ n.[C]博客,网志 9、 come between… and… 损害……与……之间的关系，离间；妨碍 10、 take the place of 代替;取代 →replace vt.代替,取代 take one's place 代替某人的位置(职位) 11、 express the values 表达价值观values n.[pl.]价值观 12、 matter to sb.对某人来说事关紧要/要紧/有重大影响 13、 like vt. 熟词生义 (在社交网络、新闻网站、博客等上)给……点赞 14、 put down 放下；写下 15、 in person 亲自,亲身( = personally) 16、 rich adj.熟词生义 肥沃的,丰产的 rich ground 肥沃的土壤 17、 open adj. 熟词生义 坦诚的,坦率的 18、 theme/θiːm/ n.[C]主题;主旋律 19、 unlikely adj. 非心目中的,非想象的；未必会发生的，不大可能的 be unlikely to do sth. 不大可能做某事 20、 slave/sleɪv/n.[C]奴隶→slavery /'sleɪvəri/ n.[U]奴隶制;奴隶身份 21、 long vi.(尤指对看似不会很快发生的事)渴望 long to do sth.渴望做某事 22、 run away from 突然离开,逃离 23、 raft /rɑːft/ n.[C]木排,筏 24、 head vi.朝(某方向)行进 25、 high point 最有意思(或最令人愉快、最好)的部分 26、 be faced with 面对…… 27、 hand… over to…把……正式交给……；把(权力或责任)移交给… 28、 through thick and thin 赴汤蹈火,不畏艰险 29、 taste n. 熟词生义 [C,U]爱好,志趣(常与 in/ for连用) 句子分析： 1、 A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 someone。 2、 A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. whose 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 someone。 3、 A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the world. that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 the face。 4、 Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love. whom引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 the friends, whom在从句中作 love的宾语。 5、 Sharing" our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.单个动词-ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 the values。 6、 In Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the friendship that/ which forms between Huck Finn and Jim is an important theme of the book, though they appear to be an unlikely pair.though引导的让步状语从句 7、 Huck is a poor white boy whose father often beats him, while Jim is a black slave who/ that longs to be free. while是并列连词，意为“然而”，表示对比。 8、 The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers.when 引导的时间状语从句，该从句中包含" whether+动词不定式"结构，该结构作 of的宾语 Integrated skills 知识梳理： 1、 quality /'kwɒləti/ n.[C]品德，素质 be of good/ high quality 质量好 be of poor/ low quality 质量不好 in quality 在质量上(常作状语) improve the quality of…改善……的品质 2、 key points 要点 3、 cheer(sb.) up(使某人)变得更高兴，振奋起来 4、 confidence 后常跟介词 in。have confidence in...对……有信心；信任…… 5、 go over 温习,重复;检查 6、 a diary entry 一则日记 entry 熟词生义 /' entri/ n.[C]记录，(词典等的)条目，词条，账目 7、 opinion/ə'pɪnjən/n. [C]意见，想法，看法 8、 basis /'beɪsɪs/ n. (pl. bases) [U,C, usually sing.] 基础;[sing.]原因;基准 form the basis of...形成……的基碚 词链 base(n. 根基;来源,基础) — basis(n.) — basic(adj.基本的，基础的；初级的) 9、 supportive adj. 给予帮助的,支持的 词链 support(n.& vt.支持,拥 护)— supporter(n. 支持者)—— supportive(adj.) 10、 project n. [C](大、中学学生的)专题研究 11、 respect /rɪ' spekt/ vt.尊重,尊敬 respect sb.(for sth. ) (因某事而)尊重/尊敬某人 respect sb. as...尊敬某人为…… n.[U, sing.]尊敬,尊重;重视 have/ show (no) respect for... (不)尊敬/尊重…… out of respect 出于尊重 n.[C](事物的)方面,细节;[pl.]问候,敬意 in some respects 在某些细节方面 give one's respects to sb 代某人问候某人 12、 take action to do sth.采取行动做某事 13、 get over difficulties 克服困难get over 克服 14、 efficient /ɪ'fɪʃnt/ adj. 效 率高的 词链 efficiency(n.效率)←efficient ( adj.) → efficiently(adv.效率高地) 15、 take up 占用(时间);占据(空间) 16、 spare time 空闲时间 17、 extra /'ekstrə/ adj. 额外的,分外的，附加的 adv.额外，另外；特别，格外 18、 bring out 使显现,使表现出 bring out the best in sb.把某人最好的一面显露出来 19、 measure /'meʒə(r)/ vt. 估量,判定;测量 n .[C]措施;衡量 20、 be meant to do sth. 理应做某事 21、 format n. [C]格式;(出版物的)版式 22、 the top left-hand corner of.., ……的左上角 句型分析 1、 Tim has found his Maths homework quite difficult recently." find+宾语+宾补(quite difficult)"结构 2、 Tim is having difficulty with the reading task his Chinese teacher has given him. 省略关系代词 that/ which 的定讲从句,修饰先行计 the reading task。 3、 It also left me thinking about what it really means to be a" good friend"." leave+宾语+宾补"结构，动词-ing短语作宾补。该结构中包含 what 引导的宾语从句，作介词 about 的宾语。 4、 Tim is someone whom I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me.whom引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 someone。even if引导的让步状语从句 5、 When he's struggling with his schoolwork, I should do all I can to help him become a more efficient learner.省略了关系词 that 的定语从句，因先行词为 all，关系代词宜用 that。该从句中 can后省略了 do,定语从句完整形式为" that I can do"。 6、 I' ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship develops.as意为"随着"，引导时间状语从句。 7、 Try to use informal English, as if you were talking to a close friend.if(似乎……)引导的方式状语从句，其使用了虚拟语气(谓语动词用了 were talking)，表示与现在事实相反的假设。 语法： 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 知识点1 限制性定语从句的基本概述 限制性定语从句(restrictive relative clause)指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对所修饰的对象加以限制，表示"……的(人)"或"……的(物)"。从句不可去掉,一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，关系词包含关系代词和关系副词两类。 知识点2 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词替代指人或物的先行词并在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。常用的关系代词有 who、whom、whose、which、that、as 等(本单元讲前五个关系代词的用法) 关系代词 先行词 定语从句中充当的句子成分 例句 注意 who 指人 主语或宾语 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(who在从句中作主语) She wants to find the kid (who) she met yesterday. 她想找到昨天她遇见的那个孩子。(who在从句中作宾语) 作宾语时一般可省略 whom 指人 宾语 Rose is the person whom you should look after. 罗丝是你应该照顾的人。 When I have trouble, he is the only one to whom I can go for help. 当我有困难时，他是我唯一可以求助的人。 可省略，也可用 who代替。若 whom 前有介词，则不能用 who代替，也不可省略 whose 指人或物 定语 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那个人的车坏了，他们都冲过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿色封皮的书。 / which 一般指物 主语或宾语 China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。(which在从句中作主语) The package(which) you are carrying is about to fall. 你拿的包裹快掉了。(which在从句中作宾语) 作宾语时一般可省略 that 指人或物 主语、宾语或表语 The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。(that在从句中作主语) The chair that you broke yesterday is now being repaired. 你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在被修理。(that在从句中作宾语) Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。(that在从句中作表语) 作宾语时一般可省略，指人时一般可用who替代，指物时一般可用 which 替代 注意： 1.关系代词替代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词(短语)或代词。 你昨天借我的那本书十分有趣。 [误] The book(that/ which) you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting. [正] The book (that/ which) you lent to me yesterday is very interesting. 2.关系代词也可以用作介词的宾语。在正式场合，介词可以置于关系代词前，这种情况下关系代词不可省略，也不可以用 that或 who。但是要注意的是，固定短语中的介词一般不宜前置到关系代词前。 Is this the magazine about which you were talking just now? = Is this the magazine (which/ that) you were talking about just now?这就是你们刚才谈论的那本杂志吗? This is the girl (whom/ who/ that) he will take care of.这就是他将照料的女孩。 3.当先行词是 way并且定语从句要表示"以……的方式"时,定语从句常用 that 或 in which 引导, that 可以省略。 我喜欢她微笑的样子。 I like the way(that) she smiles. I like the way in which she smiles 知识点3 关系代词的选择 关系代词 情况 例句 宜用 that 不用 which 当先行词是 all、 much、anything、 something、everything、 nothing、little、 none、 few等不定代词时 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the most exciting football game that I have seen so far. 这是我目前看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。 当先行词指物且被no、 all、 few、 any、 little( 少 )、 much、 last、only、 very 等修饰时 I' ve read all the books that were borrowed from others. 我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。 Please send us any information that you have about the particular subject. 有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们。 当先行词既有人又有物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照片。 宜用 who/ whom 不用 that 当先行词是 anyone、anybody、 everyone、everybody、 someone、somebody等,或先行词为指人的 one(s)、those 时,定语从句多用 who引导 The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well. 你应该向那个学习努力而且学习好的学生学习。 知识点4 定语从句中的主谓一致 一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom.两周内卖光的那些书都是汤姆写的。 I'm fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.我喜欢珍妮弹的那首曲子。 敲黑板 特别提醒 (1)" the only one of the +名词复数"后的定语从句谓语用单数,因为定语从句的先行词为" the only one"。 (2)" one of the +名词复数"后的定语从句谓语多用复数，即以"名词复数"为定语从句的先行词。 Jogging may be the only one of the five sports that is suitable for Bob.慢跑可能是这五项运动中唯一适合鲍勃的运动。 Jogging may be one of the five sports that are suitable for Bob.慢跑可能是适合鲍勃的五项运动中的一项。 练习： 1 单词拼写(用本部分所学单词) 1 In my o , students can benefit a lot from doing some housework. 2 If he's only interested in your looks, that shows how (肤浅的) he is. 3 With the help of his friends, Kevin figured out the most (效率高的) way to learn English and made great progress. 4 Ram explained to his mother that he would get home late that night because of (额外的) work. 5 With a different (主题)each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international levels. Ⅱ词形转换 1 n. 根基;来源,基础 — n. 基础;原因 —— adj.基本的；初级的 2 n.& vt.尊重 — adj.受尊敬的—— adj.值得尊敬的 —— adj.表示敬意的 3 adj. 效率高的 — n. 效率— adv. 效率高地 III语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 When parents succeed in losing weight, their children are more likely (succeed)as well. 2 The trees are extremely tall and one of them (measure) over 90 meters. 3 Faced with the tight schedule and high pressure, we should make a scientific plan and work (efficient). 4 If you sort out learning materials a regular basis, you will find that you can benefit a lot from a good learning habit. 5 It is high time that we took some measures (protect) endangered animals. IV用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项) eat away at be faced with get over count on come between...and... take up in person through thick and thin go over in full measure in one's opinion bring out 1 He never lets anything his friends him. 2 Julia is an experienced secretary and you can her whenever you are in trouble. 3 I'm worried that your criticism(批评) has begun to Tiffany— she seems very quiet and unhappy these days. 4 He's my favourite actor! I can't believe you met him ! 5 She's always been there for me , so I can't turn my back on her now. 6 Working with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor. 7 I like the way the desk looks, but it too much space in my office. 8 There are still many problems to before the new restaurant can open. 9 Good friends are those with whom we can share our joys and sorrows . 10 , that paint color isn't suitable for this room, but then again, green isn't my favorite color. V完成句子 1 我爱喝咖啡而我的姐姐更喜欢喝茶。 I like to drink coffee .(while) 2即使她想要艾米(Amy)学习如何爬梯子，她也不得不首先通过紧紧握着她的手臂来帮助她。 the ladder, she had to first help her by holding her arms tightly. (even if) 3 别让她在外边雨里一直等着，她会感冒的。 outside in the rain; she' ll catch a cold.(" leave+宾语+宾补"结构) VI语法填空 1You need a seat supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 2 As an artist shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. 3 The future belongs to those believe in the beauty of dreams. 4 If you are one of those people who (feel) disconnected from most social groups, it may be because you resist(抗拒) changing the way in you think. 5 Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. 6 Mary is the only one of the girls who (praise)by the headmaster at the meeting yesterday. 7 This is the most exciting film I have ever seen. 8 The writer and his novel you have just talked about are really well known. 9 There is no success without hard work; success is something is only earned through hard work. 10 The author you criticized in your review has written a reply. 11 In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to she could turn for help. VII用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列每组句子 1 I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. 2 Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her. 3 They live in a room. Its window faces south. 4 She wants to visit the village. Her mother likes it best. 5 The old man likes reading the newspaper every day. It contains important information. 答案： Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词) 1. opinion 2. shallow 3. efficient 4. extra 5. theme Ⅱ.词形转换 1. base; basis; basic 2. respect; respected; respectable; respectful 3. efficient; efficiency; efficiently Ⅲ.语法填空 1. to succeed 2. measures 3. efficiently 4. on 5. to protect Ⅳ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空(有两项为多余选项) 1.come between; and 2.count on 3.eat away at 4. in person 5. through thick and thin 6. brought out 7. takes up 8. get over 9. in full measure 10. In my opinion V.完成句子 1. while my sister prefers to drink tea 2. Even if she wanted Amy to learn to climb 3. Don't leave her waiting VI语法填空 1. which/that。句意：你需要一个可以支撑你的背的座位，而且书应该放在和你的眼睛距离合适的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代a seat，指物，且从句中缺少主语,故用 which/ that。 2. who/that。句意：作为一名在社交媒体上分享自己艺术之旅的艺术家，我经常被好奇的追随者问到如何开始艺术之旅。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 artist,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填 who/ that。 3. who。句意：未来属于那些相信梦想之美的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为 those，指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，故关系词宜用 who。 4. feel；which。句意：如果你是那些感觉与大多数社会群体脱节的人之一，这可能是因为你抗拒改变自己的思维方式。第一个空在定语从句中作谓语，关系代词 who 指代先行词 those people，故谓语用复数形式。分析句子结构可知,in you think 是定语从句,其先行词是way,该定语从句缺少状语,故用 in which 引导。 5. whose。句意:由于我们的努力,我们的女儿 Georgia 确实决定把一大袋玩具捐给一个小女孩，这个小女孩的妈妈因为生病而支付不起她的假期费用。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a little girl，关系词在从句中作定语，表示所属关系,故填 whose。 6. was praised。句意：玛丽是昨天会上唯一受到校长表扬的女孩。空处在定语从句中作谓语，关系代词 who 指代先行词" the only one",与动词 praise 为动宾关系,再结合时间状语 yesterday 可知，空处的谓语动词应用单数形式，且应为一般过去时的被动语态，故填 was praised。 7. that。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词 film，从句中缺少宾语，而先行词由形容词最高级修饰，故用 that 引导。 8. that。此处先行词既有人又有物，故用 that 引导定语从句,that 在定语从句中作 about的宾语。 9. that。此处先行词为指物的不定代词 something,故用that 引导定语从句，that在定语从句中作主语。 10. whom/ who/ that。句意:你在评论中批评的那位作者已经回复了。空处在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词 Theauthor,从句中缺少宾语,故填 whom/ who/ that。 11. whom。句意：在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个人可以求助。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为 person，指人，在从句中作介词 to 的宾语，故应用关系代词 whom 引导从句。 VII用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列每组句子 1. I have a friend that/ who likes listening to classical music. 2. Last week Mary wore the dress that/ which I gave to her. 3. They live in a room whose window faces south. 4. She wants to visit the village that/ which her mother likes best. 5. The old man likes reading the newspaper every day that/which contains important information 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$