专题01 核心语法复习一（专有名词、定冠词、反身代词、并列连词、方位介词、数量表达）-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（沪教版2024）

专题01 语法复习一 （专有名词、定冠词、反身代词、并列连词、方位介词、数量表达） 内容导航 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：即学即练强化效果，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 教材语法回顾（七年级下册） 专有名词 名词是表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。从意义上分，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词表示某个(些)人、地方、机构等的专有名称,如: Beijing, China。普通名词表示某些人、某类事物或抽象概念的名称,如: book, sadness。 1、 专有名词是什么？ 专有名词：特定的人、地方、团体或事物专用的名称。专有名词举例 1.人名、国名、地名、山河名 Andy安迪 Li Hua 李华 China 中国 Shenzhen 深圳 Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 2.星期、月份、节日的名称 Monday 星期一， Sunday 星期日January 一月， October 十月Christmas 圣诞节，New Year 新年 3. 团体、机构、公司、组织、书籍、电影的名称 the World Trade Organization 世贸组织 Beijing University 北京大学 Washington Post华盛顿邮报 Sony索尼 Ne Zha 2《哪吒2》 二、专有名词的首字母须大写 They like John. 他们喜欢约翰。 I live in China.我住在中国。 He works for Sony.他为索尼工作。 We saw Titanic in Guangzhou Cinema.我们在广州电影院看了《泰坦尼克号》。 注意：专有名词中的冠词、介词、连词的第一个字母不需要大写，除非在句首。 the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 1．________ is one of the most important ________ in China. A．The Spring Festival; festivals B．The spring festival; festival C．The Spring Festival; festival D．The spring festival; festivals 2．—Are all the students in your school from ________? —No. Only a small number of them ________. A． Germany; are Germans B．Germany; are Germen C．German; is Germany D．Germen; is Germany 3．We will visit ________ in Paris during ________. A．Louvre Museum, Spring festival B．the Louvre Museum, spring festival C．Louvre museum, the Spring Festival D．the Louvre Museum, the Spring Festival 4．On________ Day, I often make handicrafts for my mother as a present. A．Mother’s B．Father’s C．Children’s D．Teachers’ 5．Look at the picture. They are celebrating ________. A．Mid-autumn Festival B．The Spring Festival C．Double Ninth Festival D．Dragon Boat Festival 6.The foreign teachers in our school are from (German). 7． (teacher) Day is on September 10th. 8．Have you ever been to Paris, the capital of (French). 定冠词the 1．我们常常在第一次提到的单数可数名词前用a／an，但当我们第二次提到该词时用定冠词the， 例如：Sara bought a little cat yesterday. The cat is very lovely. 萨拉昨天买了一只小猫。这只猫非常可爱。 2．the用于名词前，用来专指某一或某些特指的人或物。 例如：Look at the boy over there. 看那边的那个男孩。 The girl with glasses is my classmate. 那个戴眼镜的女孩是我的同学。 3.表示说话双方都了解的人或事物。 Would you mind opening the door? 4．表示西洋乐器的名词前一般加定冠词the。 例如：play the guitar／the violin 如果是体育运动或棋类的名词，不加定冠词the。 例如：play volleyball／chess 5．表示世界上独一无二的事物名词前加定冠词the。 例如：the sun／the moon 6．序数词前加定冠词the。例如：the first／the second 7. 用于方位名词前。 例如：in the east/ north/south/west..., in the middle of 等。 8. 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”例如：the Greens 格林一家（夫妇） 9.一般中国传统节日前要加the. 以Day结尾的节日或西方传统节日前都不加冠词 例如：the Spring Festival, Mother’s Day 10． 用在某些固定词组中：in the morning，all the time, on the left/right,at the age of等。 11.有些专有名词前带定冠词the： ① 大多数国名前不加定冠词the。但当国名为复数名词或词组以“名词+of+名词”或“形容词+名词”为结构）时必须加定冠词the。如：the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国。 ② 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加定冠词the。如：the Great Wall 长城；the Summer Palace 颐和园。 ③ 表示江、河、湖、海、山、岛、沙漠等的专有名词前加定冠词the。 如：the Pacific Ocean 太平洋；the Yellow River 黄河。 ④ 表示酒店、电影院、戏院等的专有名词前加定冠词the。如：the Garden Hotel 花园酒店。 ⑤ 含有festival 的节日前加定冠词the。如：the Spring Festival 春节。 注意 易错点：名词或序数词前有this, his, whose, some, no, each, every等限制时，不用定冠词。 例如：This is her eighth birthday. 1.Nick can’t play ______ baseball, but he can play ______ piano. A．the; / B．/; the C．the; the D．a; / 2．—Lisa didn’t come to school today. What’s ________ matter? —She has ________ fever and has to stay at home. A．the; the B．the; a C．an; a 3.Han Mei hopes to play ________ important part in ________ society in the future. A．a; an B．/; a C．an; / D．/; an 4.This bowl of beef noodles is really delicious. Could you please give me ________ second one? A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5.We swam in ________ Pacific Ocean and we had ________ good time. A．a; a B．the; a C．a; the D．the; the 6.Tianshui, ________ second biggest city in Gansu, is ________ city with a long history. A．a, a B．the, a C．an, the D．the, an 反身代词 思维导图 反身代词分类 由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 1.The five-week course can help you express ________ in a natural way. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 2．—I saw your grandma using a shopping app on the phone. Who taught her? —Nobody. She taught ________. A．himself B．myself C．herself D．yourself 3．Please keep the book ________ because it is your ________ book. A．own; yourself B．yourself; own C．own; own D．your; own 4．I made the cake by ________. Help ________, Tom. A．me; himself B．myself; yourself C．myself; me D．me; him 5．— David made plans to exercise and read books every day to improve ________. — That’s good! I also decided to care more about ________ health. A．him；my B．him；myself C．himself；my D．himself；myself 6．I often practised reading English by (I). 7.Where there is a will, there is a way. You should trust (your) instead of losing heart. 8.The city (it) is full of history and culture. 9.We try to complete the project by (we) without any help. 10.Tom is proud of because he saved his grandma in an emergency. (he) 11.She is looking at (she) in the mirror. 12.Those girls enjoyed (they) at the park yesterday. 并列连词 and ①表对等和并列关系。意为 “和、并且” I like apples and bananas. (and 意为“和”，连接apples 和bananas) ②祈使句，and + 主句。 …那么（就会）…(好的结果） Get up early, and you will catch the bus. 早点起床，（那么）你就会赶上那趟公车。 ③比较级 and 比较级 ，表示越来越 He is fatter and fatter but ①表转折 “但是”，不能与although/ though同时出现，译为“(虽然)…但是…” Mike can speak Chinese, but he can’t write it. 虽然会说汉语，但他不会写汉字。 = Although Mike can speak Chinese, he can’t write it. ②not A but B 不是A 而是B 作主语时，遵循就近原则 Not Ben but Lisa is right. 不是Ben,而是Lisa 对 的。 He is not my father but my brother. 他不是我爸爸，而是我兄弟。 so 表因果 “所以”，不能与because同时出现 译为“(因为)…所以…”。 I have many friends, so I feel very happy. = Because I have many friends, I feel very happy. or ① 表示选择 “或者” Do you like apple or orange? ②A or B 或者....或者 作主语时，遵循就近原则。 Apple or Banana is OK. ③否定句中的并列要用or. I don't like apples or bananas. ④表示“否则”. 祈使句，or+句子 Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 1.—Hurry up, dear, ________ we won’t catch the train. —Don’t worry! Time is still enough ________ we can make it. A．and; or B．or; but C．and; but D．or; and 2. It took Tom two hours to fish in the river ________ he caught nothing. A．because B．but C．so D．for 3. It rained heavily yesterday, ________ we had to play indoors. A．and B．so C．or D．but 4．She tries ________ detailed notes in class ________ she may better understand the difficult points after class. A．takes; because B．taking; but C．to take; so D．taking; or 5. (从以下选项选择：and, but, because, so, however) ①．The community planned a clean-up, many people joined. ②．The playground was old, the children loved it. ③．Mr. Wang couldn’t fix the machine he had no tools. ④．The event was successful; , more activities will happen. ⑤．Volunteers worked hard, the park became beautiful. 方位介词 补充：方位介词in, on, to 介词 用 法 示 例 in 表示在某地范围之内 Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东在中国南部。 on 表示与某地相邻或接壤 Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. 广东在湖南南边。 to 表示在某地范围之外 Guangdong is to the south of Hubei. 广东在湖北南面。 1、 单项选择 1.（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）The girl in the picture ________ is through the box. A． B． C． D． 2.The view ___________ the old street is amazing. Why not enjoy it with us? A．along B．below C．above D．between 3.—Excuse me. Could you please tell me where the playground is? —It’s _______ the east of the school, _______ the classroom building. A．to; in the front of B．on; in front of C．in; in front of D．in; in the front of 4. Shanghai is _______ the east of China; Japan is _______ the east of China. A．in, to B．to, in C．in, on D．on, to 5.Sandy lives ______ her school. So she often walks to school. A．next to B．above C．outside D．under 6.Walk ________ the hutong, and you will see a bridge ________ a river. A．through; over B．into; through C．through; on D．into; on 二、选词填空 A．at B．in C． on D．under E. next to F. in front of G. behind H. between...and... I. across from J. at the back of 1．I can’t see Lucy because she is the tree. 2．Listen! Some students are singing the classroom. 3．Andy is very tall. He sits the classroom. 4．My basketball is the desk, on the floor (地板). 5．Boys and girls, please look at the blackboard the wall. 6．My brother has lunch school. After school he plays football. 7．The classroom is the science building ___________ the dining hall. 8．The teachers’ office is the library. The library is behind the teachers’ office. 9．—Who is the man your father in the photo? —He is my uncle Thomas. 10．—Is there a park your home? —Yes, there is. There are many flowers in it. 数量表达 1.修饰可数名词和不可数名词皆可 a lot of / lots of/a quantity of/plenty of no some/any enough 许多 没有 一些/点 足够的 注意： enough+名词（可数/不可数） 足够的 I have enough apples and enough money. not enough (不够）+ 名词 不够的 I don’t have enough apples or enough money. 形容词+enough 足够地 He didn’t study hard enough. 2.只能修饰可数名词或者修饰不可数名词 修饰可数名词 a few few many too few too many how many 修饰不可数名词 a little little much too little too much how much 词义 一些 几乎没有 许多 太少 太多 多少 How much 其他特殊用法： （1）询问价格 How much is + 不可数名词 例如：How much is the milk？ How much are + 可数名词复数 例如：How much are the apples？ （2）询问重量 -How much does the boy weigh? 这个男孩有多重？ -Sixty kilos. 六十公斤。 （3）询问数字计算结果，相当于what －How much is ten plus ten? 十加十等于多少？ 3.区别：too much，too many 和much too too much + 不可数名词 太多的 We have too much work to do. much too + 形容词/副词 太.... You are much too kind to me. too many + 可数名词 太多的 There are too many people here. 1. Paul has __________ friends in this school so he feels unhappy. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 2. I’m feeling ________ tired after a long day’s work, but I still have _________ work to do this evening. A．a bit; a bit B．a bit of, a bit C．a bit; a bit of D．a bit of; a bit of 3. Tom, hurry up! We have ________ time left. A．little B．a few C．a little D．few 4. There are ________ tomatoes, but there is ________ milk in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some. A．few; little B．a little; little C．a few; little D．a few; few 5. There________ too________ water in the cloud and it began to rain soon. A．is; much B．was; many C．was; much D．is; many 6. Paul has ________ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A．many B．some C．more D．few 7. —________ rooms are there in your new flat? —There are three. A．How many B．How much C．How long D．How often 8. The problem was ________ for him to work out, but he didn’t have ________. A．enough easy; enough time B．enough easy; time enough C．easy enough; enough time 9. There are ________ people in the supermarket. It’s very crowded. A．too much B．much too C．too many D．many too 10．My mother often says it is not good to drink _______ juice. A．too many B．too much C．many too D．much too 二、选词填空 用too many，too much或much too填空。 1．In some cities there is air pollution caused by many cars. 2．Pollution has caused problems. 3．They were excited and couldn’t help jumping. 1．（2025·天津西青·二模）I’m planning to take ________ trip to Shanghai next month. It will be ________ exciting journey! A．an; the B．/; a C．a; an D．the; a 2.（2024·西藏·中考真题）Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 4．（2024·天津·中考真题）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填 5．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to buy ________ umbrella. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Linda often plays ________ piano after school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 9．（2024·四川·中考真题）Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A．an B．the C．a D．不填 10．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help. A．him B．her C．himself D．herself 11．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 12．Children often hurt _______ when they play that game. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 13．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine 14．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success. —OK, I will. A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself 15．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou. A．to B．on C．at D．in 16．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）The bird in Picture ________ is between the boxes. A． B． C． D． 17．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—It’s cold outside. Put on more clothes when going out. —OK. I’ll wear a large jacket _________ my sweater. A．in B．under C．beside D．over 18．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The library is ________ the school and the park. A．between B．in C．on D．under 19．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The football in Picture ________ is on the box. A． B． C． D． 20．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The house in Picture ________ is on the left of the tree. A． B． C． D． 21．（2025·北京顺义·一模）I watched the movie Ne Zha 2 ________ the cinema with my parents. A．on B．of C．in D．to 22．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—I like cooking, ________ I’m not good at it. —You may ask Lily for help. She cooks nice food. A．and B．but C．or D．so 23．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Mr. Hong has helped me improve my handwriting a lot, _______ I want to thank him with my fantastic works. A．as B．but C．so D．or 24．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）We must get up at 7:00 tomorrow morning, ________ we’ll be late for the train. A．and B．or C．but 25．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The mascots for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games share a motto (座右铭): Alone we go faster, ________ together we go further. A．but B．because C．although D．so 26.—There is ________ milk in the fridge. Let’s go and buy ________ back, Mum. —OK. Let’s go shopping this afternoon. A．few; some B．a few; many C．little; some D．a little; much 27. The meat is ______ expensive and eating _______ meat is bad for your health. A．too much; much too B．much too; too much C．too much; too much D．much too; much too 28.In the picture, there is a basketball ________ the bench. A．in front of B．under C．behind D．beside 29.—Why does Helen have ________ friends in the school? —Because she is new here and most of the students don’t know her. A．much B．many C．little D．few 30. Bobby bought ________ bags of rice and ________ meat from the shop. A．a little; few B．a few; a little C．a little; a few D．a few; few 二、语法填空 “I Have Short Legs and Big Skills!” Zhao Qingshuai is a trainer for a K9 unit (警犬队) in Weifang, Shandong Province. One day a few months ago, he met a small dog named Fu Zai and his owner. Zhao called out to the dog, and Fu Zai immediately ran towards him. With the 1   (owner) permission (许可), Zhao used many usual dog training 2 (way) to interact (互动) with Fu Zai. The trainer was pleasantly surprised by the results. Fu Zai’s interest 3 objects and ability to play were 4 (high) than many other dogs’. Zhao asked the owner if she would like 5 (send) Fu Zai to the K9 unit. After some discussion, she 6   (agree). Later, the dog became a reserve police dog (预备役警犬). Most police dogs are large breeds (品种) with long legs. Fu Zai, however, has short legs. He has developed 7 special skill with his short legs: He can move freely under cars and search narrow spaces. This makes 8 (he) a top student in low-ground combat (低地作战) . “His short legs are not his weakness, 9 his strength (优势) ,” said Zhao. In addition, Fu Zai is good at all skills. Recently, Fu Zai became popular online. Soon, he will take a test. If it 10 (go) well, he will become an official (正式的) police dog and be ready for work when he turns one year old. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 语法复习一 （专有名词、定冠词、反身代词、并列连词、方位介词、数量表达） 内容导航 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：即学即练强化效果，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 教材语法回顾（七年级下册） 专有名词 名词是表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。从意义上分，名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词表示某个(些)人、地方、机构等的专有名称,如: Beijing, China。普通名词表示某些人、某类事物或抽象概念的名称,如: book, sadness。 1、 专有名词是什么？ 专有名词：特定的人、地方、团体或事物专用的名称。专有名词举例 1.人名、国名、地名、山河名 Andy安迪 Li Hua 李华 China 中国 Shenzhen 深圳 Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰 the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 2.星期、月份、节日的名称 Monday 星期一， Sunday 星期日January 一月， October 十月Christmas 圣诞节，New Year 新年 3. 团体、机构、公司、组织、书籍、电影的名称 the World Trade Organization 世贸组织 Beijing University 北京大学 Washington Post华盛顿邮报 Sony索尼 Ne Zha 2《哪吒2》 二、专有名词的首字母须大写 They like John. 他们喜欢约翰。 I live in China.我住在中国。 He works for Sony.他为索尼工作。 We saw Titanic in Guangzhou Cinema.我们在广州电影院看了《泰坦尼克号》。 注意：专有名词中的冠词、介词、连词的第一个字母不需要大写，除非在句首。 the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 1．________ is one of the most important ________ in China. A．The Spring Festival; festivals B．The spring festival; festival C．The Spring Festival; festival D．The spring festival; festivals 【答案】A 【详解】句意：春节是中国最重要的节日之一。 考查专有名词和名词复数。“春节”的正确表达是“The Spring Festival”，首字母都要大写。“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，结合选项可知，第二空应用festivals。故选A。 2．—Are all the students in your school from ________? —No. Only a small number of them ________. A． Germany; are Germans B．Germany; are Germen C．German; is Germany D．Germen; is Germany 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们学校所有的学生都来自德国吗？——不，只有一小部分学生是德国人。 考查名词和主谓一致。Germany德国，名词；German德国人，名词单数形式；Germen是错误形式；is是第三人称单数形式；are是复数形式。根据“Are all the students in your school from...”可知，第一空指的是“德国”，应用名词Germany；第二空主语a small number of them指的是“他们中的一小部分人”，是复数，所以be动词应用are，且“德国人”应用German的复数形式Germans。故选A。 3．We will visit ________ in Paris during ________. A．Louvre Museum, Spring festival B．the Louvre Museum, spring festival C．Louvre museum, the Spring Festival D．the Louvre Museum, the Spring Festival 【答案】D 【详解】句意：春节期间，我们会去参观卢浮宫。 考查地名和节日名。卢浮宫是地名，专有名词，用the Louvre Museum表示，春节是节日名，也是专有名词，用the Spring Festival表示。故选D。 4．On________ Day, I often make handicrafts for my mother as a present. A．Mother’s B．Father’s C．Children’s D．Teachers’ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在母亲节，我经常做手工艺品送给妈妈作为礼物。 考查名词。Mother’s Day母亲节；Father’s Day父亲节；Children’s Day儿童节；Teachers’ Day教师节。根据“I often make handicrafts for my mother as a present”可知，给妈妈礼物，说明是母亲节，故选A。 5．Look at the picture. They are celebrating ________. A．Mid-autumn Festival B．The Spring Festival C．Double Ninth Festival D．Dragon Boat Festival 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看图片。他们在庆祝端午节。 考查专有名词和常识。Mid-autumn Festival中秋节；The Spring Festival春节；Double Ninth Festival重阳节；Dragon Boat Festival端午节。根据图片内容可知，人们在划龙舟，是端午节的传统活动。故选D。 6.The foreign teachers in our school are from (German). 【答案】Germany 【详解】句意：我们学校的外教来自德国。be from+地点表示 “来自……”，空处填地点名词。German “德国的”，形容词，其名词为Germany“德国”，地点名词。故填Germany。 7． (teacher) Day is on September 10th. 【答案】Teachers’ 【详解】句意：教师节在9月10日。teacher“老师”，名词；根据“... Day is on September 10th.”可知，此处指教师节；Teachers’ Day表示“教师节”，专有名词。故填Teachers’。 8．Have you ever been to Paris, the capital of (French). 【答案】France 【详解】句意：你去过法国的首都巴黎吗？根据“...Paris, the capital of...”可知，法国的首都是巴黎，空处指“法国France”。故填France。 定冠词the 1．我们常常在第一次提到的单数可数名词前用a／an，但当我们第二次提到该词时用定冠词the， 例如：Sara bought a little cat yesterday. The cat is very lovely. 萨拉昨天买了一只小猫。这只猫非常可爱。 2．the用于名词前，用来专指某一或某些特指的人或物。 例如：Look at the boy over there. 看那边的那个男孩。 The girl with glasses is my classmate. 那个戴眼镜的女孩是我的同学。 3.表示说话双方都了解的人或事物。 Would you mind opening the door? 4．表示西洋乐器的名词前一般加定冠词the。 例如：play the guitar／the violin 如果是体育运动或棋类的名词，不加定冠词the。 例如：play volleyball／chess 5．表示世界上独一无二的事物名词前加定冠词the。 例如：the sun／the moon 6．序数词前加定冠词the。例如：the first／the second 7. 用于方位名词前。 例如：in the east/ north/south/west..., in the middle of 等。 8. 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”例如：the Greens 格林一家（夫妇） 9.一般中国传统节日前要加the. 以Day结尾的节日或西方传统节日前都不加冠词 例如：the Spring Festival, Mother’s Day 10． 用在某些固定词组中：in the morning，all the time, on the left/right,at the age of等。 11.有些专有名词前带定冠词the： ① 大多数国名前不加定冠词the。但当国名为复数名词或词组以“名词+of+名词”或“形容词+名词”为结构）时必须加定冠词the。如：the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国。 ② 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加定冠词the。如：the Great Wall 长城；the Summer Palace 颐和园。 ③ 表示江、河、湖、海、山、岛、沙漠等的专有名词前加定冠词the。 如：the Pacific Ocean 太平洋；the Yellow River 黄河。 ④ 表示酒店、电影院、戏院等的专有名词前加定冠词the。如：the Garden Hotel 花园酒店。 ⑤ 含有festival 的节日前加定冠词the。如：the Spring Festival 春节。 注意 易错点：名词或序数词前有this, his, whose, some, no, each, every等限制时，不用定冠词。 例如：This is her eighth birthday. 1.Nick can’t play ______ baseball, but he can play ______ piano. A．the; / B．/; the C．the; the D．a; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尼可不会打棒球，但他会弹钢琴。 考查冠词用法。根据通常的固定搭配规则可知，play+运动项目（无冠词），如play baseball；play+the+乐器，如play the piano。故选B。 2．—Lisa didn’t come to school today. What’s ________ matter? —She has ________ fever and has to stay at home. A．the; the B．the; a C．an; a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——丽莎今天没来学校。怎么了？  ——她发烧了，不得不呆在家里。 考查冠词。what’s the matter“怎么了”，固定句型；have a fever“发烧”，固定短语。故选B。 3.（2025·天津·模拟预测）Han Mei hopes to play ________ important part in ________ society in the future. A．a; an B．/; a C．an; / D．/; an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：韩梅希望在未来的社会中发挥重要作用。 考查冠词的用法。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词，用于表示抽象概括意义的不可数名词或复数名词等词前。空一处表示泛指重要的一部分，且“important”是以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an；第二空位于表示抽象概括意义的名词前，应用零冠词。故选C。 4.（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）This bowl of beef noodles is really delicious. Could you please give me ________ second one? A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这碗牛肉面真好吃。请再给我一碗好吗？ 考查冠词用法。a一（个），不定冠词，用在读音以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前；an一（个），不定冠词，用在读音以元音因素开头的单词或字母前；the特指具体的人或事物，定冠词；/不填。根据“This bowl of beef noodles is really delicious.”可知，此处序数词前用a表示“又一，再一”的意思。a second one表示“再一（碗）”，second以辅音音素开头，故用a。故选A。 5.（2025·天津西青·一模）We swam in ________ Pacific Ocean and we had ________ good time. A．a; a B．the; a C．a; the D．the; the 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们在太平洋里游泳，玩得很开心。 考查冠词辨析。a一（个），不定冠词，用在读音以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前；the定冠词，特指具体的人或事，指独一无二的事物。第一空Pacific Ocean“太平洋”是专有名词，属于世界上独一无二的地理名称，英语中，这类名称前必须加定冠词the。第二空“have a good time”是固定搭配，表示“玩得开心/过得愉快”。故选B。 6.（2025·甘肃天水·一模）Tianshui, ________ second biggest city in Gansu, is ________ city with a long history. A．a, a B．the, a C．an, the D．the, an 【答案】B 【详解】句意：天水是甘肃第二大城市，是一座具有悠久历史的城市。 考查冠词的用法。根据第一空后“second biggest city in Gansu”可知，此处特指天水是甘肃第二大城市，所以用定冠词the；根据第二空后“city with a long history.”可知，此处泛指天水是一座具有悠久历史的城市，且city是以辅音音素开头的名词，所以填入不定冠词a。故选B。 反身代词 思维导图 反身代词分类 由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 1.The five-week course can help you express ________ in a natural way. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为期五周的课程能够帮助你以一种自然的方式表达你自己。 考查代词辨析。you你、你们，主格或宾格形式；your你的、你们的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的、你们的，名词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词。根据“The five-week course can help you express...in a natural way.”可知，这里需要一个反身代词来表示“你自己”，强调课程帮助“你自身”以自然的方式进行表达。“express oneself”是一个固定搭配，意为“表达自己的想法或感受”。此处使用反身代词“yourself”意为“你自己”，符合语境。故选D。 2．—I saw your grandma using a shopping app on the phone. Who taught her? —Nobody. She taught ________. A．himself B．myself C．herself D．yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我看到你奶奶在手机上使用购物软件。谁教她的？——没有人。她是自学的。 考查反身代词。himself他自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；yourself你自己。此处是主语she对应的反身代词是herself。故选C。 3．Please keep the book ________ because it is your ________ book. A．own; yourself B．yourself; own C．own; own D．your; own 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请自己保管这本书，因为这是你自己的书。 考查反身代词以及形容词的用法。own自己的；yourself你自己。根据“keep the book”可知，第一处表示让自己保管书，故第一空填反身代词yourself。第二空是固定搭配“one’s own”表示“某人自己的”，故选B。 4．I made the cake by ________. Help ________, Tom. A．me; himself B．myself; yourself C．myself; me D．me; him 【答案】B 【详解】句意：蛋糕是我自己做的。请自便，汤姆。 考查代词辨析。me我；himself他自己；myself我自己；yourself你自己；him他。根据“I made the cake by”可知，是“我自己”做的，by oneself“单独，某人自己”，第一空用myself；help oneself“自便”，第二空用反身代词yourself。故选B。 5．— David made plans to exercise and read books every day to improve ________. — That’s good! I also decided to care more about ________ health. A．him；my B．him；myself C．himself；my D．himself；myself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——大卫制定了每天锻炼和读书的计划来提高自己。——太好了！我也决定更关心自己的健康。 考查代词辨析。him他，人称代词宾格；himself他自己，反身代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词。根据句中“made plans to exercise and read books”提示，此处指的是提高自己，第一空应填反身代词，A、B选项可排除。第二空后为名词“health”，故此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故选C。 6．I often practised reading English by (I). 【答案】myself 【详解】句意：我经常自己练习读英语。by oneself“单独；独自”，固定表达，所以此处填写I的反身代词myself“我自己”。故填myself。 7.Where there is a will, there is a way. You should trust (your) instead of losing heart. 【答案】yourself 【详解】句意：有志者事竟成。你应该相信你自己，而不是灰心丧气。根据“trust”以及语境可知，这里表示“相信你自己”，应用反身代词。所给单词“your”是形容词性物主代词，其反身代词形式是“yourself”，意思是“你自己”。故填yourself。 8.The city (it) is full of history and culture. 【答案】itself 【详解】句意：这座城市本身就充满了历史和文化。根据“The city... is full of history and culture.”可知，此处指“这座城市本身”，应填it的反身代词。故填itself。 9.We try to complete the project by (we) without any help. 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：我们试图在没有任何帮助的情况下自己完成这个项目。by oneself意为“独自，靠自己”，固定短语，这里主语是We，所以用其反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 10.Tom is proud of because he saved his grandma in an emergency. (he) 【答案】himself 【详解】句意：Tom因在紧急情况下救了奶奶而为自己感到骄傲。根据“because he saved his grandma in an emergency”和提示词可知，此处指Tom因救了奶奶为他自己感到骄傲。空处填反身代词作宾语，指代Tom自己。he“他”，主格，反身代词为himself“他自己”。故填himself。 11.She is looking at (she) in the mirror. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：她正在看着镜子里的自己。根据“She is looking at”可知，此处主语与宾语是同一人，因此空处应用反身代词作宾语，she的反身代词为herself。故填herself。 12.Those girls enjoyed (they) at the park yesterday. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：昨天那些女孩在公园里玩得很开心。they“他们”，是主格形式；enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，因此用they的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 并列连词 and ①表对等和并列关系。意为 “和、并且” I like apples and bananas. (and 意为“和”，连接apples 和bananas) ②祈使句，and + 主句。 …那么（就会）…(好的结果） Get up early, and you will catch the bus. 早点起床，（那么）你就会赶上那趟公车。 ③比较级 and 比较级 ，表示越来越 He is fatter and fatter but ①表转折 “但是”，不能与although/ though同时出现，译为“(虽然)…但是…” Mike can speak Chinese, but he can’t write it. 虽然会说汉语，但他不会写汉字。 = Although Mike can speak Chinese, he can’t write it. ②not A but B 不是A 而是B 作主语时，遵循就近原则 Not Ben but Lisa is right. 不是Ben,而是Lisa 对 的。 He is not my father but my brother. 他不是我爸爸，而是我兄弟。 so 表因果 “所以”，不能与because同时出现 译为“(因为)…所以…”。 I have many friends, so I feel very happy. = Because I have many friends, I feel very happy. or ① 表示选择 “或者” Do you like apple or orange? ②A or B 或者....或者 作主语时，遵循就近原则。 Apple or Banana is OK. ③否定句中的并列要用or. I don't like apples or bananas. ④表示“否则”. 祈使句，or+句子 Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 1.—Hurry up, dear, ________ we won’t catch the train. —Don’t worry! Time is still enough ________ we can make it. A．and; or B．or; but C．and; but D．or; and 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——快点，亲爱的，不然我们就赶不上火车了。——别担心！时间还够，我们一定能做到。 考查连词辨析。and和，表示并列；or否则，用于警告或忠告；but但是，表示转折。第一空根据“Hurry up, dear…we won’t catch the train.”可知，此处表示警告他加快速度，否则就赶不上火车了，应用or连接；第二空根据“Don’t worry! Time is still enough…we can make it.”可知，此处是指时间充裕然后能赶上，应用and连接表并列关系。故选D。 2. It took Tom two hours to fish in the river ________ he caught nothing. A．because B．but C．so D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆花了两个小时在河里钓鱼，但是他什么也没钓到。 考查连词辨析。because因为，引导原因状语从句；but但是，表转折关系；so所以，表因果关系；for为了，也可作连词表原因，常用于补充说明理由 。根据“It took Tom two hours to fish in the river ... he caught nothing”可知，“花两小时钓鱼”和“什么也没钓到”之间是转折关系，所以用but连接，故选 B。 3. It rained heavily yesterday, ________ we had to play indoors. A．and B．so C．or D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天下大雨了，所以我们不得不在室内玩耍。 考查连词辨析。and和，表并列；so所以，表因果；or或者，表选择；but但是，表转折。根据“It rained heavily yesterday, ... we had to play indoors.”可知，“昨天下大雨”和“我们不得不在室内玩耍”之间是因果关系，前因后果，所以用so连接，故选B 。 4．She tries ________ detailed notes in class ________ she may better understand the difficult points after class. A．takes; because B．taking; but C．to take; so D．taking; or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她在课堂上尽力记详细的笔记，以便课后能更好地理解难点。 考查非谓语动词和连词辨析。takes记下；taking动名词或现在分词；to take动词不定式；so所以；or或者。because因为；but但是；首先，“try to do sth.”是固定用法，表示“尽力做某事”，“try doing sth.”表示“尝试做某事”，结合语境这里是说尽力记笔记，所以第一空应填“to take”。第二空“she may better understand the difficult points after class”是“她在课堂上尽力记详细笔记”的目的，所以填“so”。故选C。 5. (从以下选项选择：and, but, because, so, however) ①．The community planned a clean-up, many people joined. ②．The playground was old, the children loved it. ③．Mr. Wang couldn’t fix the machine he had no tools. ④．The event was successful; , more activities will happen. ⑤．Volunteers worked hard, the park became beautiful. 【答案】①．and ②．but ③．because ④．so ⑤．and 【解析】①．句意：社区计划了一次清理活动，并且许多人加入了。根据“The community planned a clean-up”和“many people joined.”可知两者之间表承接，故填and。 ②．句意：操场很旧，但孩子们很喜欢它。根据“The playground was old”和“the children loved it.”可知两者之间表示转折关系，but和however意为“然而，但是”，空格后没有逗号，故填but。 ③．句意：王先生修不好这台机器，因为他没有工具。根据“Mr. Wang couldn’t fix the machine”和“he had no tools.”可知王先生修不好机器是因为没有工具，because意为“因为”符合题意，故填because。 ④．句意：活动很成功；所以，会举行更多的活动。根据“The event was successful”和“more activities will happen.”可知两者之间表示因果关系，因为活动成功，所以会举行更多的活动，so意为“因此，所以”符合题意，故填so。 ⑤．句意：志愿者们努力工作，公园变得美丽了。根据“Volunteers worked hard”和“the park became beautiful.”可知此处是表达两个事件之间的并列关系，故填and。 方位介词 补充：方位介词in, on, to 介词 用 法 示 例 in 表示在某地范围之内 Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东在中国南部。 on 表示与某地相邻或接壤 Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. 广东在湖南南边。 to 表示在某地范围之外 Guangdong is to the south of Hubei. 广东在湖北南面。 1、 单项选择 1.（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）The girl in the picture ________ is through the box. A． B． C． D． 【答案】C 【详解】句意：图片C上的女孩正穿过箱子。 考查介词辨析。图片A女孩是在箱子的下面；图片B女孩是在两个箱子的中间：图片C上的女孩从箱子中间穿过；图片D女孩是坐在箱子里面。根据“…through the box”可知，是在箱子中间穿过。C符合要求，故选C。 2.The view ___________ the old street is amazing. Why not enjoy it with us? A．along B．below C．above D．between 【答案】A 【详解】句意：沿着这条老街的景色美极了。为什么不和我们一起享受呢？ 考查介词辨析。along沿着；below在……下面；above在……上面；between在……之间。结合语境及“The view…the old street”可知，此处指“沿着”这条老街的景色。故选A。 3.—Excuse me. Could you please tell me where the playground is? —It’s _______ the east of the school, _______ the classroom building. A．to; in the front of B．on; in front of C．in; in front of D．in; in the front of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下。你能告诉我操场在哪里吗？——它在学校的东边，在教学楼的前面。 考查介词和介词短语。in表示在某个范围内或内部；on表示两个地点接壤；to表示两地之间有距离，不在同一范围内，不接壤；in the front of在……的前面，在内部；in front of在……的前面，在外部。第一个空描述操场位于学校内部的东侧，使用介词in，表示在某一范围内的方位；第二个空指的是操场在教室楼的外部前方（非内部），使用in front of。故选C。 4. Shanghai is _______ the east of China; Japan is _______ the east of China. A．in, to B．to, in C．in, on D．on, to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上海在中国的东部；日本在中国的东方。 考查介词辨析。in在某一地区的内部；to在某一地区外部且不接壤；on在某一地区的接壤处。根据“Shanghai…China”可知，上海是中国的一个城市，在中国内部用in；根据“Japan…China”可知，日本在中国的外部且不接壤，介词用to。故选A。 5.Sandy lives ______ her school. So she often walks to school. A．next to B．above C．outside D．under 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Sandy住在学校隔壁，所以她经常步行去上学。 考查介词辨析。next to紧邻；above在……上方；outside在外面；under在……下面。根据“So she often walks to school.”可知，她住的离学校很近。故选A。 6.Walk ________ the hutong, and you will see a bridge ________ a river. A．through; over B．into; through C．through; on D．into; on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：穿过这个胡同，你将会看到一座桥在河上。 考查介词辨析。through穿过，指从物体内部穿过；into到……里面；over在……上方；on在……上面，指与物体表面相接触。结合语境可知，第一处用through，表示“穿过胡同”，第二处用over，表示“桥在河的上方”。故选A。 二、选词填空 A．at B．in C． on D．under E. next to F. in front of G. behind H. between...and... I. across from J. at the back of 1．I can’t see Lucy because she is the tree. 2．Listen! Some students are singing the classroom. 3．Andy is very tall. He sits the classroom. 4．My basketball is the desk, on the floor (地板). 5．Boys and girls, please look at the blackboard the wall. 6．My brother has lunch school. After school he plays football. 7．The classroom is the science building ___________ the dining hall. 8．The teachers’ office is the library. The library is behind the teachers’ office. 9．—Who is the man your father in the photo? —He is my uncle Thomas. 10．—Is there a park your home? —Yes, there is. There are many flowers in it. 【答案】 1．G 2．B 3．J 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．H 8．F 9．E 10．I 【解析】1．句意：我看不见露西，因为她在树后面。根据“I can’t see Lucy”和“tree”可知，看不见她，说明是被树挡住了，所以推断在树后面，behind“在……后面”，故填G。 2．句意：听！一些学生正在教室里唱歌。根据“singing .... the classroom”及备选词可知，应是在教室里唱歌，in“在……里”，故填B。 3．句意：安迪很高。他坐在教室的后面。根据“Andy is very tall”及常识可知，高个子一般是坐在教室后面，at the back of“在……的后面”，故填J。 4．句意：我的篮球在桌子下面，在地板上。根据“... the desk, on the floor (地板)”及常识可知，应是球在地面上，凳子下面，under“在……下面”，故填D。 5．句意：孩子们，请看墙上的黑板。根据“look at the blackboard... the wall.”可知，黑板应是在墙上，on“在……上”，故填C。 6．句意：我哥哥在学校吃午饭。放学后他踢足球。at school“在学校”，固定短语。故填A。 7．句意：教室在科学楼和食堂之间。根据“The classroom is ... the science building ... the dining hall.”可知，这里是介绍三个地方的位置关系，备选词between...and...“在……和……之间”符合语境，故填H。 8．句意：教师办公室在图书馆的前面。图书馆在教师办公室的后面。根据“The library is behind the teachers’ office.”可知，教师办公室在图书馆的前面，in front of“在……的前面”，故填F。 9．句意：——照片中你父亲旁边的那个人是谁？——他是我的叔叔托马斯。根据“Who is the man... your father in the photo”可知，空处应是表示人物位置关系的词，备选词next to“在……旁边”符合语境，故填E。 10．句意：——你家对面有一个公园吗？——是的，有。里面有许多花。根据“Is there a park...your home”可知，此处应是介绍家与公园的位置关系，备选词across from“在……对面”符合语境，故填I。 数量表达 1.修饰可数名词和不可数名词皆可 a lot of / lots of/a quantity of/plenty of no some/any enough 许多 没有 一些/点 足够的 注意： enough+名词（可数/不可数） 足够的 I have enough apples and enough money. not enough (不够）+ 名词 不够的 I don’t have enough apples or enough money. 形容词+enough 足够地 He didn’t study hard enough. 2.只能修饰可数名词或者修饰不可数名词 修饰可数名词 a few few many too few too many how many 修饰不可数名词 a little little much too little too much how much 词义 一些 几乎没有 许多 太少 太多 多少 How much 其他特殊用法： （1）询问价格 How much is + 不可数名词 例如：How much is the milk？ How much are + 可数名词复数 例如：How much are the apples？ （2）询问重量 -How much does the boy weigh? 这个男孩有多重？ -Sixty kilos. 六十公斤。 （3）询问数字计算结果，相当于what －How much is ten plus ten? 十加十等于多少？ 3.区别：too much，too many 和much too too much + 不可数名词 太多的 We have too much work to do. much too + 形容词/副词 太.... You are much too kind to me. too many + 可数名词 太多的 There are too many people here. 1. Paul has __________ friends in this school so he feels unhappy. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 【答案】A 【详解】句意：保罗在这所学校几乎没有朋友，所以他感到不开心。 考查不定代词辨析。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a few一些、几个，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点儿，修饰不可数名词。根据“friends”是可数名词复数，排除C、D；再由“he feels unhappy”可知是几乎没有朋友，表否定含义，用few。故选A。 2. I’m feeling ________ tired after a long day’s work, but I still have _________ work to do this evening. A．a bit; a bit B．a bit of, a bit C．a bit; a bit of D．a bit of; a bit of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：经过漫长一天的工作，我感觉有点累，但今晚我仍然有一些工作要做。 考查短语用法辨析。“a bit”意为“有点”，相当于“a little”，可修饰形容词或副词；“a bit of”意为“一点儿，少量”，后接不可数名词。第一个空修饰形容词“tired”，用“a bit”；第二个空修饰不可数名词“work”，用“a bit of”。故选C。 3. Tom, hurry up! We have ________ time left. A．little B．a few C．a little D．few 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆，快点！我们没时间了。 考查不定代词辨析。little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词；a few一点，修饰可数名词。根据“Hurry up!”及语境可知，此处应指没剩什么时间了，且time为不可数名词，应用表示否定的little修饰time。故选A。 4. There are ________ tomatoes, but there is ________ milk in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some. A．few; little B．a little; little C．a few; little D．a few; few 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有一些西红柿，但是冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。我们去买些吧。 考查代词辨析。few很少，修饰可数名词复数；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词。根据“There are…tomatoes, but there is…milk in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some.”可知，第一个空后的tomatoes是可数名词复数，并且表达有一点西红柿；第二个空处的milk为不可数名词，表达几乎没有牛奶。故选C。 5. There________ too________ water in the cloud and it began to rain soon. A．is; much B．was; many C．was; much D．is; many 【答案】C 【详解】句意：云中的水太多了，很快就开始下雨了。 考查一般过去时和不可数名词。many许多，修饰可数名词；much许多，修饰不可数名词。根据“began”可知，此句是一般过去时，water是不可数名词。故选C。 6. Paul has ________ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A．many B．some C．more D．few 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除了我，保罗没有什么朋友，有时他感到孤独。 考查不定代词。many很多；some一些；more更多；few很少。根据“and sometimes he feels lonely.”可知，他的朋友不多，所以需要选一个表示否定或者少的词，few符合语境。故选D。 7. —________ rooms are there in your new flat? —There are three. A．How many B．How much C．How long D．How often 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的新公寓有多少个房间？——有三个。 考查特殊疑问句。How many多少（修饰可数名词）；How much多少（修饰不可数名词）；How long多长时间；How often多久一次。根据“rooms”可知，此处询问“多少个房间”，用How many符合语境。故选A。 8. The problem was ________ for him to work out, but he didn’t have ________. A．enough easy; enough time B．enough easy; time enough C．easy enough; enough time 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这道题对他来说很容易就能算出来，但是他没有足够的时间。 考查enough的用法。enough作形容词时，置于名词之前；enough作副词时，置于形容词之后。easy是形容词，所以enough要置于easy之后；time是名词，所以enough要置于time之前。故选C。 9.There are ________ people in the supermarket. It’s very crowded. A．too much B．much too C．too many D．many too 【答案】C 【详解】句意：超市里人太多了。这里非常拥挤。 考查短语辨析。too much太多，修饰不可数名词；much too太，修饰形容词或副词；too many太多，修饰可数名词复数；many too错误表达。此处修饰people，应用too many。故选C。 10．My mother often says it is not good to drink _______ juice. A．too many B．too much C．many too D．much too 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈常说喝太多果汁不好。 考查短语辨析。too many修饰可数名词复数；too much修饰不可数名词；many too搭配错误；much too太，后接形容词。juice（果汁）是不可数名词，故选B。 二、选词填空 用too many，too much或much too填空。 1．In some cities there is air pollution caused by many cars. 2．Pollution has caused problems. 3．They were excited and couldn’t help jumping. 【答案】1．too much 2．too many 3．much too 【解析】1．句意：在一些城市，许多汽车造成了太多空气污染。根据“there is…air pollution”以及备选词可知，此处指“太多空气污染”，空后有不可数名词pollution，空处应用too much“太多”来修饰不可数名词。故填too much。 2．句意：污染造成了太多问题。根据“Pollution has caused…problems.”以及备选词可知，此处指“太多问题”，空后为复数名词problems，空处应用too many“太多”来修饰可数名词复数。故填too many。 3 ．句意：他们太兴奋了，忍不住跳了起来。根据“They were…excited”以及备选词可知，此处指他们太兴奋了，空后为形容词excited，空处应用much too“太”来修饰形容词。故填much too。 1．（2025·天津西青·二模）I’m planning to take ________ trip to Shanghai next month. It will be ________ exciting journey! A．an; the B．/; a C．a; an D．the; a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我计划下个月去上海旅行。这将是一次激动人心的旅程！ 考查冠词。两个空都表示泛指，trip以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；exciting以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选C。 2.（2024·西藏·中考真题）Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 【答案】C 【详解】句意：詹天佑是一名工程师，他被称为“中国铁路之父”。 考查冠词用法。此处表示泛指，engineer以元音音素开头，前面应使用不定冠词an。故选C。 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我长大后想成为像钱学森一样的科学家。 考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一位科学家，“scientist”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。 4．（2024·天津·中考真题）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我奶奶有一个花园。里面的花很漂亮。 考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个花园，“garden”首字母发辅音音素，用a；第二处特指花园里的花，用定冠词the。故选A。 5．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——期末考试就要来了。最近怎么样？——还不错，谢谢。我只是把它当作平常的一场考试。我想我能做到。 考查冠词。a一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表特指；/不填。此处表示泛指，当作一场平常的考试，usual是以辅音音素开头的，故选A。 6．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to buy ________ umbrella. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今天下午你打算做什么？——我打算买一把伞。 考查冠词。此处泛指“一把伞”，umbrella以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 7．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Linda often plays ________ piano after school. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：琳达放学后经常弹钢琴。 考查冠词用法。piano是乐器，其前应加定冠词the。play the piano“弹钢琴”。故选C。 8．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）I bought a new computer last weekend. ________ computer is made in China. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周末我买了一台新电脑。这台电脑是中国制造的。 考查冠词的用法。此处特指前句中提到的电脑，用定冠词the。故选C。 9．（2024·四川·中考真题）Can you lend me ________ book that you bought yesterday? A．an B．the C．a D．不填 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能把你昨天买的书借给我吗？ 考查冠词。根据“book that you bought yesterday”可知此处特指昨天买的书，用定冠词the。故选B。 10．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help. A．him B．her C．himself D．herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他可以在没有我帮助的情况下使用Chat GPT-4。 考查代词辨析。him他；her她；himself他自己；herself她自己。by oneself“独自”，主语是He，反身代词用himself。故选C。 11．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 【答案】A 【详解】句意：小玛丽为自己感到骄傲，因为她教李叔叔如何在网上借书。 考查代词辨析。herself她自己；hers她的；she她；her她/她的。根据“Little Mary was proud of …because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.”可知，此处指为她自己感到骄傲，故选A。 12．Children often hurt _______ when they play that game. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：孩子们玩那种游戏时经常伤着自己。 考查人称代词和反身代词。they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。hurt oneself表示“伤了某人自己”，所以空处用反身代词。故选D。 13．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________. A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。 考查代词辨析。my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；me我，宾格。第一处作定语修饰parents，用形容词性物主代词；第二处主语和宾语是同一人，所以是“照顾自己”，用反身代词。故选A。 14．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success. —OK, I will. A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——玛丽亚，你应该相信自己。这就是成功的秘诀。——好的，我会的。 考查反身代词。myself我自己；yourself你自己；herself她自己；himself他自己。此处是对玛丽亚说，你应该相信你自己，故用反身代词yourself。故选B。 15．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou. A．to B．on C．at D．in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：马可波罗纪念馆位于扬州东关街东端。 考查介词辨析。to到；on在……上面；at在；in在……里面。此处指纪念馆位于扬州……，in Yangzhou“在扬州”，应用介词in。故选D。 16．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）The bird in Picture ________ is between the boxes. A． B． C． D． 【答案】A 【详解】句意：图片A中的鸟在两个盒子之间。 考查常识。根据图片可知，A选项中的鸟在两个盒子之间。故选A。 17．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—It’s cold outside. Put on more clothes when going out. —OK. I’ll wear a large jacket _________ my sweater. A．in B．under C．beside D．over 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——外面很冷。出门时多穿点衣服。——好的。我会在毛衣外面套一件大夹克。   考查介词辨析。in在……里面；under在……下面；beside在……旁边；over在……上面，覆盖。根据“Put on more clothes when going out.”以及“a large jacket...my sweater”可知，此处是要在毛衣外面再穿上一件夹克，用over表示 “覆盖在……之上”，符合语境。故选D。 18．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The library is ________ the school and the park. A．between B．in C．on D．under 【答案】A 【详解】句意：图书馆在学校和公园之间。 考查介词辨析。between在……之间 ；in在……里面；on在……上面；under在……下面。between...and...“在……和……之间” 。故选A。 19．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The football in Picture ________ is on the box. A． B． C． D． 【答案】A 【详解】句意：图片A中的足球在盒子上。 考查方位介词和常识。图片A的足球在盒子上；图片B的足球在盒子里面；图片C的足球在盒子右边；图片D的足球在盒子后面。根据“on the box”并结合所给图片可知，A图中的足球在盒子的上面。故选A。 20．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The house in Picture ________ is on the left of the tree. A． B． C． D． 【答案】B 【详解】句意：图片B中的房子在树的左侧 考查介词辨析。根据“on the left of the tree”并结合所给选项可知，B项图片中的房子在树的左侧。故选B。 21．（2025·北京顺义·一模）I watched the movie Ne Zha 2 ________ the cinema with my parents. A．on B．of C．in D．to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我和我的父母在电影院看了《哪吒2》。 考查介词。on在……上；of属于……的；in在……里面；to到。根据“I watched the movie Ne Zha 2...the cinema with my parents.”可知，表示在某个场所内部进行活动时，常用介词in。故选C。 22．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—I like cooking, ________ I’m not good at it. —You may ask Lily for help. She cooks nice food. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我喜欢做饭，但我不擅长。——你可以向莉莉求助。她做的菜很好吃。 考查连词辨析。and和；but但是；or或者；so所以。前后两句是转折关系，用but连接。故选B。 23．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Mr. Hong has helped me improve my handwriting a lot, _______ I want to thank him with my fantastic works. A．as B．but C．so D．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：洪老师帮助我提高了很多书法，所以我想用我的精彩作品来感谢他。 考查连词辨析。as因为；but但是；so所以；or或者。前后两句构成因果关系，前因后果，用so连接，故选C。 24．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）We must get up at 7:00 tomorrow morning, ________ we’ll be late for the train. A．and B．or C．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们明天早上必须7点起床，否则就赶不上火车了。 考查并列连词辨析。and并且；or否则；but但是。根据“We must get up at 7:00 tomorrow morning”可知，明早要7点起床，否则就会赶不上车，用or连接。故选B。 25．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The mascots for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games share a motto (座右铭): Alone we go faster, ________ together we go further. A．but B．because C．although D．so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：2024年巴黎奥运会和残奥会的吉祥物有一个共同的座右铭：独行行更快，同行走更远。 考查连词辨析。but但是；because因为；although虽然；so所以。“Alone we go faster,”和“together we go further.”是转折关系，用but连接。故选A。 26.—There is ________ milk in the fridge. Let’s go and buy ________ back, Mum. —OK. Let’s go shopping this afternoon. A．few; some B．a few; many C．little; some D．a little; much 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了。妈妈，我们去买一些回来吧。——好的。今天下午我们去购物吧。 考查不定代词。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a few一点，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；some一些，既可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词；many很多，修饰可数名词复数；much很多，修饰不可数名词。根据“milk”可知，空一处修饰不可数名词，排除AB选项；由“Let’s go and buy ... back, Mum.”可知，空一处表示否定含义，表示几乎没有，用little修饰，排除D选项。故选C。 27. The meat is ______ expensive and eating _______ meat is bad for your health. A．too much; much too B．much too; too much C．too much; too much D．much too; much too 【答案】B 【详解】句意：肉太贵了，吃太多的肉对你的健康有害。 考查短语辨析。too much太多，修饰不可数名词；much too太，修饰形容词或副词。因为expensive是形容词，所以应该用much too修饰；因为meat是不可数名词，所以应该用too much修饰。故选B。 28.In the picture, there is a basketball ________ the bench. A．in front of B．under C．behind D．beside 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在图片中，长凳下面有一个篮球。 考查方位介词。in front of在……之前；under在……下面；behind在……后面；beside在……旁边。根据图片可知，长凳下面有一个篮球。故选B。 29.—Why does Helen have ________ friends in the school? —Because she is new here and most of the students don’t know her. A．much B．many C．little D．few 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为什么海伦在学校里朋友很少？——因为她是新来的，大多数学生都不认识她。 考查代词辨析。much许多，修饰不可数名词；many许多，修饰可数名词；little很少，修饰不可数名词；few很少，修饰可数名词，表示否定含义。根据句中的“Because she is new here and most of the students don’t know her.”可知，此处指的是“几乎没有朋友”，表示否定含义，且friends为可数名词复数，应用few修饰，故选D。 30. Bobby bought ________ bags of rice and ________ meat from the shop. A．a little; few B．a few; a little C．a little; a few D．a few; few 【答案】B 【详解】句意：鲍比从商店买了几袋大米和一点肉。 考查不定代词辨析。a few“一些，几个” ，修饰可数名词复数；few“很少，几乎没有”，修饰可数名词复数；a little“一点儿，少量”，修饰不可数名词 。“bags”是可数名词复数，用“a few”修饰；“meat”是不可数名词，用“a little”修饰。故选B。 二、语法填空 “I Have Short Legs and Big Skills!” Zhao Qingshuai is a trainer for a K9 unit (警犬队) in Weifang, Shandong Province. One day a few months ago, he met a small dog named Fu Zai and his owner. Zhao called out to the dog, and Fu Zai immediately ran towards him. With the 1   (owner) permission (许可), Zhao used many usual dog training 2 (way) to interact (互动) with Fu Zai. The trainer was pleasantly surprised by the results. Fu Zai’s interest 3 objects and ability to play were 4 (high) than many other dogs’. Zhao asked the owner if she would like 5 (send) Fu Zai to the K9 unit. After some discussion, she 6   (agree). Later, the dog became a reserve police dog (预备役警犬). Most police dogs are large breeds (品种) with long legs. Fu Zai, however, has short legs. He has developed 7 special skill with his short legs: He can move freely under cars and search narrow spaces. This makes 8 (he) a top student in low-ground combat (低地作战) . “His short legs are not his weakness, 9 his strength (优势) ,” said Zhao. In addition, Fu Zai is good at all skills. Recently, Fu Zai became popular online. Soon, he will take a test. If it 10 (go) well, he will become an official (正式的) police dog and be ready for work when he turns one year old. 【答案】1．owner’s 2．ways 3．in 4．higher 5．to send 6．agreed 7．a 8．him 9．but 10．goes 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一名叫福仔的狗被训练成预备役警犬的故事。 1．句意：在征得主人同意后，赵用了许多惯用的训狗方式与福仔互动。根据空后“permission”可知，此处是指经过主人的同意，应用名词owner的所有格形式owner’s“主人的”，修饰名词，在句中作定语。故填owner’s。 2．句意：在征得主人同意后，赵用了许多惯用的训狗方式与福仔互动。根据空前“many”可知，此处应用名词way的复数形式ways作宾语。故填ways。 3．句意：福仔对物体的兴趣和玩耍能力都比其他狗高。根据空前名词“interest”可知，此处应用介词in，表示“对……的兴趣”。故填in。 4．句意：福仔对物体的兴趣和玩耍能力都比其他狗高。根据空后“than”可知，此处应用形容词high的比较级形式higher作表语。故填higher。 5．句意：赵问主人是否愿意把福仔送到警犬队。根据空前“would like”可知，此处考查would like to do sth.“想要做某事”，因此这里应用动词不定式to send作宾语。故填to send。 6．句意：经过一番讨论，她同意了。由语境可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词agree应用过去式agreed。故填agreed。 7．句意：它的短腿让它有了一种特殊的技能：它可以在汽车下自由移动，并在狭窄的空间里搜索。根据“special skill”可知，此处是指一种特殊的技能，应用不定冠词表示泛指，且special是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a修饰。故填a。 8．句意：这使它成为低空格斗的优等生。根据空前“makes”可知，此处应用人称代词主格he的宾格形式him作宾语。故填him。 9．句意：“它的短腿不是它的弱点，而是它的优势，”赵说。分析句子结构可知，此处考查not…but…“不是……而是……”，固定结构。故填but。 10．句意：如果一切顺利，它将成为一名正式的警犬，并在它一岁时准备工作。分析句子结构可知，句子为if引导的条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句时态为一般将来时，则从句时态应用一般现在时；主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用三单形式goes。故填goes。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$