题型2 主题8 环境保护-【一本】高考英语真题分类

区刀离具格的重美通 主题8环境保护 5年 Passage 2 fashioms.Model Paige Morgan sys,"To give people a guil-free option thit they ean wear 基物卷 草时：18日n满分：6分 川时：n中样分：章系黄P线 新素材·床促皮草 without someone throwing paint on them-I think {220全国Ⅱ，C燕，8分》When you were that's going to be a massive thing.at least here in Passage 1 ocean.For thisurk titled"Trud of Plastic". trying to figore out what to buy for the Von Wong and a gromp of volureers collecied New York"Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it environmemtalist on your holiday list,fir probably (0卫1全国乙参，C篇，8分》 more than 10,000 pieces of plastie,which were took her a while to come around to the opinion that didn't cross your mied But soe ecologists and Yon've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans- then tied together to bok like they'd been dumped using mtria fur for her creations is morally fashion(时装」enthusi tring to bring back between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean 《l倒)from a,ck all at once. accepeable.She's trying to come up with a label to e market for fur made fromm nutria(理鼠}， ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw Von Wong bopes that his work will also help aach to nutria fashions0cw算i择eoo-friendly Uosual fashion shows in New Orleans and or cup really make a difference?Artist Benjamin pressure big compunies to redoce their plastic 1.What is the purpose of the fashion os in New Brooklyn bave showeased mutri fur made imo Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He footprint. clothes in击ferent styles."'It soueds cra闪oalk Orleans and Brooklyn? builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, 1.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for? about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the A.To promote guilt-free fur. forcing viewers to te-examine their relationship to A.Bematifying the city he lhves in. utria are estre包vast wellands every year,” B.To expand the fashion market siegle-ue plastic producrs. B.Ineroducing eco-friendly products says Cree McCree,project director of C.To introduce a new brand. At the begimning of the year.the artist huilt a C.Drwing public uttestion to plastic waste. Righteous Fur. D.To celebrate a winter holiday. pieee called "Srwpocalypse".a pair of 10-foot- D.Reducing garhage on the beach. Sciesrists in Louisiana were so concerned that 2.Why are sclentists concemed about nutria? tall plactie waves.frooen mid-enoh.Made of 2.Why does the ather discuss plastic straws in they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Somne of the A.Nutria damage the ecoeysem seriosly 168.000 plastie straws colleeted frum several paragraph 3? fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in B.Nutria are an endangered species wolumeer beach cleanups,the sculpture made its A.To show the difficulty of their reeycling Brooklyn Last month. C.Nutria hrt local cat-sized animals. firs appearance道Estella刊ace sho厚ing cemer B.To explain w女they ant us%l Nutria were brought there fro Argertina by D.Nutria are illegally hunted. in Ho Chi Mimh Ciry,Vieteam. C.To voice his views on modem art. fur farmers and les go into the wild.The 3.What does the underlined word“collapsed”m Just 9%of global plastic waste is recycled. D.To find a substitute for them ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native paragraph 5 probably mean? Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source 3.新考速：4推断响Whe好ect would“Trocklood pecies|物种).I's食stroing the environment.I'y A.Boomed. (来潭}of plasti pollution,bhey've recently of Plastic"have on viewers? them or us,"says Michael Massimi,e expert in B.Became nture. come under fire because mast people don't need A.Calming. this fiekd. C.Remained stable. them to drink with and,becsese of their small size B.Disturbing. The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, D.Crashed. C.Refreshing. but when the market fur nutria collapsed in the late and weigh,they cannot be reeyeled,Every sraw 4.What cse we infer about wearing fur in New 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied hke crazy. that's part of Von Woeg's nwork likely came from D.Challenging. Yo时ka溪ding to Morgan? 4.Which of the fellowing can be the best title for Biologist Edmond Moutoe nins the mtria a drink tha someone sed for only a few minnes. A.It's formal. B.It's risky. con prog for Louisian.He says it's not casy Once the drink is gone.the straw will take hee知？ C.It's harmful. D.It's traditknal. to ofmrince people thal mutria fur is preen,but he centuries to disappear. A.Artists'Opinions ee Pastie Safety has no doubt about it.Hunters being in more than In a piece from 2018.Von Wong wanted to B.Media Interest in Conemporary Art ustrate【说明}a specific statistic Ever尊y60 C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies 300,000 nutria tails a year.so part of Mouton's job ese days is trying to promoee f任 seconds,a truckload's worth of plastic enters the D.Ocean Plastics Transfomed into Sculptures Then there's Righseous Fur and its unusual 习商与具胜的通 发亮卷正： 限时：mm清9：1hg看时：mn年g:女苯室：4 Passage 2 Copeahagen,beard about the Baja She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the Passage 1 icusly,f precautions(预防I aren't taken, (200会国围卷，D篇，8分)We evolutiom of physical chaercteristies that made the grizzlies can become troublesome.sometimes are the peoducts of evolution,and not just evolution 《2023全国甲卷，D篇。8分) task easier for them."It seemed like the pertect killing farm amimals oe walkieg theough yards in that occurred billions of years ago.As scientists Grizzly bears.which may grow to about 2.5 meg search of food.If people remove food and chance for natural selection to act on a look deep虹o ou gend点蒸因引，they are finding and weigh over 400 kg,oeepya conflicted comer uttractants from their yurds and campsites,grizzlies population."said De.Iardo.She also said there of the American p吗yche一we revere(敢畏」hem examples of human evolation in just the past few will typically pass by without trouble.Putting were likely a mmber of other genes that help the evem as they give ss frighnening dreams Ask the electric fencing ound chicken houses nd other thowsand years.People in Ethiopian highlands bave Baja dive. tourists from around the wodld that flood into farm animal qurters is also highly effective adapted to living at high altitudes.Cattle-raising 1.面考a,推期例正耳的Whm血es the athor want Yellowstoee National Park what they most hope to geting grizdlies away.“O▣hope is to have a people in Erot Africa and eorthem Furope have to tell us by the examples in pargngh 1? see,and their answer is ofven the same a grizaly clean,attractan-free place where bears can pass cained a mu满ion(度变)helps them di民 A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers 起柳 throngh without learning bad hahits."sys James milk as adults. B.New keowledge of hmun evolution. “Gz女y bears are re-occupying large areas of Jonkel.longtime biologist who manages bears in On Thursdry in an artick published in Cell, and around Missoula. C.Recemt fledings of human arigin. their former nege,"sys bear biologist Chris team of reseaechers reported a new kind of Servheen.&g小y bears expand the恤mange into t.How do Americans look at gritzlies? D.Significance of food selection A.They cse mixed feelings in people. adaptation-not to在or般food,but to the ocean. 2.Where do the Bajau build their houses? plaees where they haven't been seen in a century or B.They should be kept in naroeal parks. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia more,they're increasingly being sighted by A.In valleys. C.They ure of high scientific value. hive evolved into better divers The Bajau,as these hamans. B.Near rivens. D.They are a symbol of American culture. people are known,umber in the hun左o达af The wester half of the U.S.was full of C.On the beach. 2.What has helped the increae of the grizzly thousands in Indonesia.Malysia and the crixzbes when Europeans came.with a tough population? D.Off the coa城. Philippines.They have traditionally bved oe mamber of 50.000 or mare living alongside Native A.The Eropean settlers'behavior. 3Whyw都he young Jubilado asonishe间alg houscbosts:in recent times.they've also built Americins By the early 1970s.afer eenturies of B.The expansion of bears'mnge. Bajau? cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 C.The protection by law since 1975. b3 uses on stihs|支柱自恒coas1世2 ers."They are A.They could walk on stilts all day. prizzies remained on a mere 2 pereent of their D.The support of Native Americans. iin间a stranger to the land,”id Rodney C B.They had a superb way of fishing. former range in the Narther Rockies.In 1973. 3.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Jbilado.a Uaiversity of Hawali researcher who C.They could stay long uderwater. prizzies were listed under the Endangered Service from de-listing grizzlies? sodies the Bajau. D.They lived on both land and water. Species Act. A.The opposition ofcoeon groups. Dr.Jubilado first met the Baau while growing Todiy.there are about 2.000 or moee prizaly B.The successful comeback of grizzlies 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? on Samal Island in the Philippines.They madea bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so C.The voice of the biologists. A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea living as divers,spearfishing or harvesting successfiall that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service D.The keal fammers'advocaes B.Highlanders'Survival Skills has twice atempted to de-list grizzlies,which 4.What can be infered from the last paragraph? shellfish."We were so amazed that they could stay C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research A.Food should be provided for grizzlies. oderwater much longer than us local isanders," would loosen lgal proeeetions and allow them to be D,The Workt's Bey Di￥en B.People can live in harmony with grixclies. Dt.Jebelado said."I could see them actually hanted.Both efforts were overtumned due to C.A special puth should be huilt for grinzlies. walking under the sea" lawsuits from coeservation groups.For now. D.Techaology can be introduced to procect In 2015.Melisss Ilardo,then a gradume grizzles remain listed grizzlies. student in genetics at the University of·难句秒懂 题干含义：作者为什么要在第三段中讨论塑料吸管？ 原句：These include plants that have sensors printed onto their 选项含义：A,为了显示它们回收利用的困难。B.为了解 主语谓语宾语 定语从句，修饰plants 释为什么它们是有用的。C,为了表达他对现代艺术的看 leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can 法。D,为了找到它们的替代品。 连词宾语 3.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Von Wong and a group detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, 定语从句，修饰a plant which were then tied together to look like they'd been 译文：其中包括叶子上印有传感器的植物，当它们缺水时，传 dumped from a truck all at once"可知，“Truckload of 感器会显示，还有一种可以检测到地下水中有害的化学物质 Plastic”这件作品是通过将一万多件塑料制品捆绑在一起， 的植物。 使它们看起来像是从卡车里一下子倾倒出来一样呈现的。 主题8 环境保护 由此可推知，观看者会因为这件作品而对塑料垃圾进人海 洋造成污染这件事悠到焦虑和不安 基础卷 题干含义：“Truckload of Plastic”对观看者会有什么影响？ Passage 1 选项含义：A,平静的。B.令人不安的。C,使人精力充沛 的。D.有挑战性的。 。语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。艺术家Benjamin Von 4.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是艺术 W©加g将收集到的塑料制品创作成雕塑，以引起人们对流入 家Benjamin Von Wong将收集到的塑料制品创作成雕塑. 海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注。 以引起人们对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注这件事。文 ·语篇脉络 章围绕海洋塑料垃圾和雕塑作品展开。 第1段每年都有大量塑料制品污染海洋。艺术家 题干含义：以下哪一个可以作为这篇文章的最佳标题？ Benjamin Von Wong将塑料制品创作成罪塑，让 选项含义：A.艺术家们对塑料安全的看法B.媒体对当代艺 观看者重新审视自已与一次性塑料制品的关系。 术的关注C.大公司的责任要求D.海洋塑料转化成雕塑 第2段Benjamin Von Wong建造了一座名为 词汇积累 “Strawpocalypse"的雕塑，该W塑由16.8万根塑料 必背词汇 吸管制成，在越南的一家购物中心首次展出。 statistic n。统计数宇；统计数据 第3段全球仅9%的塑料垃圾被回收利用。塑料吸管 虽不是最大污染源但无法被回收利用，且需几 contemporary ad.当代的 个世纪才能降解。 认识词汇 第4段Benjamin Von Wong20I8年的作品“Truckload straw m.吸管；稻草：麦轩 of Plastic'”由万余件塑料制品制成，他想以此说 sculpture .雕像：雕塑 明每60秒就有一卡车塑料进人海洋。 footprint .脚印；足迹 第5段Benjamin Von Wong希望自己的作品能迫使大 substitute n.替代物 公司减少塑料足迹。 熟词生义 1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He builds massive pressure热义：n.压力/生义：，强迫：施压：迫使 sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re- draw熟义：.画/生义：.吸引：引起 examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. 知，Benjamin Von Wong将塑料垃圾创作成雕塑是为了使 voice热义：n嗓音/生义：v,表示；表达 观看者重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，从而引起 ·难句秒懂 公众对塑料垃圾的关注。 原句：Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source of plastic 题干含义：Von Wong的作品的目的是什么？ 主语 谓语 表语 选项含义：A,美化他所居住的城市。B.介绍环保产品。 pollution,but they've recently come under fire because most C.引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。D.诚少海滩上的垃圾。 people don't need them to drink with and,because of their 2.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的they cannot be recycled 原因状语从句 原因状语 及“"the straw will take centuries to disappear"可知，塑料吸 small size and weight,they cannot be recycled. 管不能被回收利用，且要花几个世纪才能降解。由此可推 泽文：塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但是最近它们 知，讨论塑料吸管是为了说明回收利用塑料吸管很困难。 受到了抨击，因为大多数人不再需要用它们来喝饮品，而且 4443◆ 由于它们体积小、重量轻，所以它们不能被回收利用。 系，以前由于皮草贸易，海狸鼠的数量处于可控状态，但20 Passage 2 世纪80年代后期由于海狸鼠毛皮交易市场生意惨淡，海 ·语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。美国New Orleans和 狸鼠疯狂繁殖。因此画线词意为“崩遗：突然失败”，与 crashed同义a Brooklyn举办了不同寻常的时装秀，展出了海狸鼠毛皮制成 题干含义：第五段中画线的单词“collapsed”可能是什么意思？ 的不同风格的衣服。海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此 选项含义：A.蓬物发展。B,变得成熟。C.保持稳定。 设计师称用海狸鼠毛皮制作衣服是一种环保举措。 D.崩溃。 ·语篇脉络 4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To give people a 第1段给环保人士买礼物时人们可能不会想到买皮 guilt-free option that they can wear without someone 草，但有人在试图恢复海狸鼠皮草市场。 throwing paint on them-I think that's going to be a massive 第2-3段New Orleans和Brooklyn的时装秀展出了海 thing,at least here in New York."可知，在纽约，如果人们 狸鼠毛皮制成的不同风格的衣服。由于海 穿着毛皮外套，有可能会被那些认为穿毛皮外套是一种罪恶 狸鼠泛滥，Louisiana的科学家决定给猎人报 的人泼油漆。由此可推知，在纽约穿毛皮外套是有风险的。 酬以获取海狸鼠尾巴，并将部分海狸鼠毛皮 题干含义：根据Morgan的说法，我们能推断出有关在纽约 用于时装秀。 穿毛皮外套的什么事？ 第4段海狸鼠是外来物种，专家称要么它们消失，要么 选项含义：A.这是正式的。B.这是有风险的。C,这是有 人类受影响。 害的。D.这是传统的 第5段过去的皮草贸易控制着海理鼠数量，但海狸鼠 ·词汇积累 市场崩遗后它们的数量疯涨。 必背词汇 第6段一名生物学家努力推广海狸鼠皮草，称其绿色 enthusiast 环保。猎人每年也会提供很多海狸鼠的尾巴。 n.热衷于…的人；爱好者：热烈支持者 第7段有品牌推出海狸鼠皮草时装，其设计师努力证 guilt n.内孩；有罪 明这种服装的环保性。 morally ad.道德上 1.A推理判断题。根据第二段可知，美国New Orleans和 认识词汇 Brooklyn举办了不同寻常的时装秀，展出了海狸鼠毛皮制 ecologist n.生态学家 成的不同风格的衣服，项目负责人Cree MeCree说：“除非 showcase 展示 你了解海狸鼠正在每年玻坏大片湿地，否则谈论无负罪感 handle v,应付：处理n拉手：把手 皮草是很疯狂的事情。”由此可推知，这场时装秀是为了推 label n,标签，贴标签于 销无负罪感的海狸鼠皮草。 熟词生义 题干含义：在New Orleans和Brooklyn举办的时装秀的目 promote熟义：R,促进/生义：V.促销；推销 的是什么？ 选项含义：A.为了推销无负罪感皮草。B.为了扩大时装 ·难拘秒懂 市场。C,为了引人一个新的品牌。D.为了庆祝寒假。 原句：To give people a guilt--free option that they can wear without 2.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“unless you understand 日的缺语 同位语从句 that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year" someone throwing paint on them-I think that's going to be 四段中的“The ecosystem down there can't handle this non- 主语谓语 宾语从句 a massive thing,at least here in New York. native species..Ir's destroying the environment."可推知，科 辣语 学家们如此关注海狸鼠是因为它们正在严重破坏生态系统。 译文：为了给人们一个没有负罪感的选择，让他们可以穿这 题干含义：为什么科学家们会关注海狸鼠？ 些衣服而不会有人往他们身上泼油漆—我认为这将是一 选项含义：A,海狸鼠严重破坏了生态系统。B.海狸鼠是 件大事，至少在组约是这样。 一种濒危物种。C,海狸鼠伤害了当地和猫一样大小的动 物。D.海狸鼠被非法猎杀。 拔高卷 3.D词义猜测题。根据第五段“The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed Passage 1 in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like 。语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。自1975年，美国灰熊从 crazy.”中的连词but判断，后一分句与前一分句为转折关 颜危恢复到了2000多头。虽然灰熊数量增长会带来一些麻 4444◆1 烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。 ·词汇积累 ·语篇脉络 必背词汇 第1段灰熊在美国人心中是一种矛盾的存在：它们让 occupy .占据：使忙于（微某事）】 人敬畏又让人期待，而黄石国家公园的游客希 range n.范围：一系列 望在黄石国家公园看到灰熊。 rough ad山.粗略的；粗糙的 第2段一名灰熊生物学家称灰熊正重新占据大片原先 的领地，因为人类看到它们的次数增多了。 expansion n.扩大：扩张 第3段欧洲人来之前，美国西部灰熊众多，后因狩猎灰 advocate 支持：提倡n。支持者 熊数量锐减，并在1975年被列人《濒危物 harmony n.和谐：协调 种法》。 认识词汇 第4段如今关国灰熊数量增多，美国鱼类及野生动植 conflicted ad.感到矛盾 物管理局两次尝试将其从颜危物种名单上除 attractant n.(对动物等的)引诱物：引诱剂 名，但均因保护组织的诉讼失败，目前灰熊仍在 保护名单中。 熟词生义 第5段若不采取预防措施，则灰熊会进人住宅并带来 f1ood熟义：n。洪水/生义：以.大量涌入 麻烦。人们应保持居住环境内无吸引物以让灰 sight熟义：n.视力；景象/生义：以看到；发现 熊安全通过。 ·难句秒懂 1.A细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，美国人对灰熊既 原句：Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into 敬畏又期待，而黄石国家公园的许多游客希望看到它们， 谓语 间婆宾语 所以美国人对灰熊的情感是复杂的。 Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and 题干含义：美国人是如何看待灰熊的？ 定语从句，修体he tourists 直接宾语 their answer 选项含义：A.它们会引起人们复杂的感情。B.它们应该 is often the same:a grizzly bear. 主语系动词 表语 被养在国家公园里。C,它们具有很高的科学价值。D.它 译文：（如果）询问那些从世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客 们是美国文化的象征。 他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案往往是一样的：灰熊。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In1975,grizzlies were Passage 2 listed under the Endangered Species Act.."及第四段中的 "Today.there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the ·语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。最近一项关于人类基因 U,S”可推知，1975年的立法有助于灰熊数量的增长。 的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且发 题干含义：什么帮助了灰熊数量的增长？ 生在最近几千年。例如，巴瑶族人靠海为生，所以他们的身 选项含义：A.欧洲殖民者的行为。B.灰熊的范围的扩大。 体已经进化得更能适应海洋生活。 C.自1975年实行的法律的保护。D.美洲原住民的支持。 ·语篇脉络 3.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Their recovery has 第1段人类是进化的产物。科学家发现人类在过去几 been so successful..For now,grizzlies remain listed."可知， 千年一直在进化的例子，如高海拔地区人群和 保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局将 养牛人对环境的适应。 灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。 第2段研究团队发现东南亚海洋居民巴瑶族人进化出 题干含义：是什么阻止了美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局将 了更好的潜水能力，因为他们靠海而生。 灰熊从名单上除名？ 第3段夏威夷大学的一名研究者讲述自己第一次见到 选项含义：A.保护组织的反对。B.灰熊的成功回归。 巴瑶族人的经历，其了解到巴瑶族人以潜水、捕 C.生物学家的呼声。D.当地农民的支持者。 鱼等为生，能在水下待更长时间。 4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，虽然灰熊数 第4段2015年，遗传学研究生Melissa Ilardo听闻巴瑶 量增长会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人 族人后猜测，潜水可能促使其进化出适应潜水 和灰熊可以和谐相处 的身体特征。 题干含义：从最后一段中可以推断出什么？ 1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are the products of 选项含义：A,应该为灰熊提供食物。B.人们可以与灰熊 evolution.thousand years..”可推知，作者在第一段中举例 和谐相处。C.应该为灰熊建立一条特殊的道路。D。可以 子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新知识，那就是人 引进技术来保护灰熊。 类在最近几千年也在进化。 45 题干含义：作者想通过第一段中的例子来告诉我们什么？ 的生存技能C,遗传学研究的基本方法D.世界上最好的 选项含义：A.养牛人对环境的适应。B.人类进化的新知 潜水员 识。C.人类起源的最新发现。D.食物选择的意义。 ·词汇积累 2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Bajau,as these 必背词汇 people are known..in coastal waters."可知，巴瑶族人把房 子建在沿海区域。 evolution n进化：演变 题干含义：巴瑶族人是在哪里建房子的？ occur 发生 选项含义：A.在山谷。B.河流附近。C.在海滩上。D.临 adaptation 几.适应：改编 近海岸。 adapt to 适应 3.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We were so amazed 认识词汇 that they could stay underwater much longer than us local altitude n.海拔 islanders”可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是，巴瑶族人能在 水下待更长的时间。 genetics n.遗传学 题干含义：为什么年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人感到惊讶？ dive 跳水；潜水 选项含义：A.他们可以整天踩着高跷行走。B.他们有一 remodel v以改造：重建 种极好的捕鱼方式。C,他们可以在水下停留很久。D.他 熟词生义 们既住在陆地上也住在水上。 number熟义：n.数字：编号/生义：.总计 4.A主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段中的“O如 Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of ·难狗秒懂 researchers reported a new kind of adaptation-not to air or 原旬：She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to to food,but to the ocean..”可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的 主语谓语 宾语从句 the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task 进化一面向海洋的进化，即长期生活在海边、靠海为生 定语从句 的生活方式让人的身体进化得更能适应海洋生活。 easier for them. 题干含义：哪个标题适合这篇文章？ 译文：她想知道几个世纪的潜水是否会导致身体特征的进 选项含义：A.为海洋生活而重塑的身体B.高原地区的人 化，这些特征使他们更容易完成这项任务。 题型三 七选五 主题1 生活与学习 1.F根据上文内容可知，适度饮食指只吃身体所需量的食 物，这样会感觉满足而不会过饱。空后一句提到适度饮食 基础卷 并不意味着告别喜爱的食物。F项“对于我们中的许多人 来说，适度（饮食）意味着比现在吃得少”承上启下，进一 Passage 1 步解释了适度饮食的概念。 ·语篇导读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了适度饮食的概 2.C根据空前一句“Ir's important to slow down and think 念，并提供了一些实际建议以帮助人们实现和保持适度饮食。 about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings."可知，重要的是慢下来，把食物 ·语篇脉络 看作有营养的东西，而不仅仅是在会议间隙吃的东西。 第1段适度饮食是只吃身体所需量的食物而并非告别 C项“不要在上班的路上狼吞虎咽”与上文提到的慢慢进 喜爱的食物。 食这一建议相一致。 第2段要放慢进食速度。大脑需要时间向身体反馈吃 3.E根据上文中的“And be careful about the foods you keep 饱信号，所以要慢慢进食且在感觉到饱之前停 at hand.It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you 止进食。 have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like cookies."可知，注 第3段尽量和他人一起进管。独自进餐容易导致过度进 意手边不健康的零食，比如饼干，否则很难做到适度饮食。 食。注意将手边的不健康零食替换成健康的食物。 E项“相反，要让自己周围充满健康的选择”承接上文提出 第4段控制情绪化进食。很多人借助食物处理不良情 了具体的建议，即用健康的食物代替不健康的零食。 绪，应学会用健康的方式管理情绪」 4.B根据空前一句“Control emotional eating."及空后一句 第5段全天合理饮食。安排健康的饮食时间很重要， "Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness,loneliness,or boredom."可知，空 吃健康的早餐、早吃晚饭等良好的饮食习惯有 处应引出有些人情绪化进食的现象。B项“我们并不总是 助于控制体重。 仅仅为了充饥而吃东西”承上启下，符合语境。 446