易错点 05 非谓语动词-2025年高考英语语法易错点综合精讲精练（新高考通用）

2025届高考语法易错点 05 非谓语动词 目 录 一、非谓语动词核心语法功能深度解析 1.作主语/宾语/表语的句法功能 2.作定语/状语/补语的逻辑关系 3.与谓语动词的时态语态对比 二、非谓语动词三大形式与考点全解 1.不定式考点体系 易错陷阱1：不定式省略to的9种特殊情况 易错陷阱2：不定式完成式（to have done）的时态误判 2.动名词考点体系 易错陷阱1：只能接动名词的21个高频动词（avoid/admit等） 易错陷阱2：动名词复合结构的逻辑主语误用 3.分词考点体系 易错陷阱1：现在分词与过去分词的本质区别 易错陷阱2：独立主格结构的成分残缺 三、非谓语动词变形全攻略 1.动词→非谓语变形规则 2.特殊形式转换 3.易错变形警示 四、高考真题解题四步法 第一步：判定句子是否缺谓语 第二步：分析非谓语在句中的成分 第三步：判断与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系 第四步：根据时间关系选择时态形式 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、非谓语动词核心语法功能深度解析 （一）作主语/宾语/表语的句法功能 1.作主语 不定式：To finish the math homework took me two hours.（具体任务） To get into a good university requires hard work.（具体目标） 动名词：Memorizing vocabulary is essential for English.（日常学习） Staying up late affects your concentration.（校园生活） 2.作宾语 不定式：He decided to join the debate club.（社团活动） We can’t afford to waste time.（学习建议） 动名词：She enjoys reading science fiction.（课外阅读） They practice speaking English every morning.（晨读场景） 3.作表语 不定式：Our duty is to complete the project.（小组任务） 动名词：Her favorite activity is playing basketball.（体育活动） 分词：The exam results were disappointing.（考试成绩） （二）作定语/状语/补语的逻辑关系 1.作定语 不定式：The best way to improve writing is practicing.（学习方法） 现在分词：The students discussing the problem are from Class 3.（课堂场景） 过去分词：The textbooks published last year have been updated.（教材变化） 2.作状语 不定式（目的）：We stayed after school to prepare for the competition.（课后准备） 现在分词（伴随）：Holding a notebook, the teacher entered the classroom.（上课场景） 过去分词（条件）：Given more practice, you can solve these problems.（学习鼓励） 3.作补语 感官动词：I saw him copying answers during the test.（考场纪律） 使役动词：The teacher had the incorrect answers corrected immediately.（作业批改） （三）与谓语动词的时态语态对比 1.时间关系 to be doing：He seems to be struggling with chemistry.（课堂观察） having done：Having reviewed all notes, I felt confident for the exam.（考前准备） 2.必考对比组：stop to do vs stop doing： After studying for hours, I stopped to drink water.（学习休息） The teacher stopped explaining when the bell rang.（课堂结束） 3.被动形式 to be done：The assignments to be submitted tomorrow are on the desk.（作业提交） being done：The experiment being conducted is very important.（实验课场景） 二、非谓语动词三大形式与考点全解 1. 不定式考点体系 易错陷阱1：不定式省略to的几种特殊情况 ①感官动词后：We observed the chemical reaction produce unexpected results in the lab experiment.（观察到化学反应产生意外结果） The researchers noticed the compound exhibit peculiar characteristics under the microscope.（注意到化合物展现特殊特性） ②使役动词后：The professor had us analyze the Shakespearean sonnet from multiple perspectives.（教授让我们多角度分析莎士比亚十四行诗） Let me demonstrate how to solve this differential equation.（让我演示如何解这个微分方程） ③特殊结构：Rather than rely solely on textbook knowledge, we should develop critical thinking skills.（不应仅依赖课本知识） Advanced calculus helps better understand quantum physics concepts.（高等微积分有助于理解量子物理概念） 易错陷阱2：不定式完成式（to have done）的时态误判 The scientist claimed to have discovered a new particle, but his findings were later disproven.（声称已发现新粒子） Having failed to have considered all variables, the research team had to redo their experiment.（未能考虑所有变量） The theory appears to have been valid in this case.（误用）→ 应改为to be（目前有效） 2. 动名词考点体系 易错陷阱1：学术场景高频动名词 记忆矩阵： 学科 动词 例 句 化学 avoid Avoid contaminating the samples is crucial in analytical chemistry. 文学 appreciate We appreciate studying modernist poetry’s complex imagery. 物理 postpone They postponed conducting the particle collision test. 易错陷阱2：学术写作中的动名词复合结构 ✓ The professor emphasized our submitting research proposals by Friday.（强调提交研究提案） ✓ The committee approved the team’s using innovative methodology.（批准使用创新方法） ✗ The results justify us altering the hypothesis.（错误结构） 3. 分词考点体系 易错陷阱1：学术语境中的分词区别 对比分析： ✓ The research findings were astonishing to the scientific community.（现在分词→主动影响） ✓ The astonished researchers reevaluated their approach.（过去分词→被动感受） ✓ The oxidizing substance must be handled carefully.（正在氧化的物质） ✓ The oxidized compound showed stable properties.（已氧化的化合物） 易错陷阱2：科研报告中的独立主格 标准结构： ✓ All data having been verified, the study was published in the journal.（数据已验证） ✓ The experiment completed ahead of schedule, the team began drafting the report.（实验提前完成） ✗ Using advanced algorithms, the results were more accurate.（悬垂错误） 复杂结构警示： ① 多重非谓语： ✓ Having finished collecting data, the researchers proceeded to analyze it using specialized software, hoping to discover meaningful patterns. ② 科技英语特例： ✓ The device requires its components being precisely calibrated.（专业表达可接受） ✓ The solution needs heating to 100°C before testing.（need+动名词表被动） 学术写作要点： 1. 文献引用中的非谓语： ✓ Previous studies tend to overlook this factor when interpreting the results. ✓ The author recommends adopting this framework for future research. 2. 实验步骤描述： ✓ After calibrating the instruments, begin by measuring the initial values. ✓ The procedure involves preparing the solution and then letting it react for 24 hours. 三、非谓语动词变形全攻略 1. 动词→非谓语变形规则（系统化转换矩阵） 谓语动词时态 主动非谓语形式 被动非谓语形式 高考应用场景示例 一般现在时 to do/doing to be done/being done The question to discuss is... 现在进行时 to be doing He pretended to be sleeping. 现在完成时 to have done / having done to have been done / having been done Having finished the work... 一般过去时 done The book published last year ... 典型真题应用： (2023全国乙卷) 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ___ (was amazed) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 2. 特殊形式转换（高考必考重点） 感官动词结构对比： 感官动词+宾语+do不定式：表示动作“全过程” 感官动词+宾语+doing分词：表示动作进行 被动式→be seen to do 使役动词变形法则： 主动态：make/have/let sb. do（不带to） 被动态：be made to do（必须加to） 注意：have sth. done（表被动） 高考真题训练： (2022新高考Ⅰ) The students were made ______ (repeat) the experiment. → to repeat（被动还原to） 3. 易错变形警示（高频失分点解析） 动词 不定式（未做） 动名词（已做） remember remember to do remember doing ... forget forgot to lock the door forgot locking the door regret regret to inform you... regret making the choice try try to solve（努力） try restarting（尝试） 非谓语时态误判案例： ▲ ______ (work) in the lab for years, the equipment looks old. ✓ Having worked（持续动作需用完成式） ✖ Working（无法体现时间累积） 被动遗漏典型错误： ▲ The samples ______ (test) tomorrow are critical. ✓ to be tested（必须用被动） ✖ to test 附：高三难度例句库（严格对标高考） (1)科技文摘选 The algorithm ______ (develop) by our team can process images 50% faster than conventional methods. 【答案】developed（过去分词作后置定语） (2)文学描写段 ______ (Exhaust) from the journey, the travelers collapsed onto the grass, their clothes ______ (cover) in dust. 【答案】Exhausted; covered（情感形容词+with复合结构） (3)议论文论证 ______ (Base) on solid evidence, the conclusion leaves no room for doubt. 【答案】Based（过去分词引导论证依据） (4)语法填空特训 The manager wanted the report ______ (type) immediately, ______ (give) its urgency. 【答案】typed; giving（使役动词+分词状语） 4.写作提分技巧 (1)非谓语动词三阶升级法 原始句：He stood there. He watched the sunset. 初级升级：Standing there, he watched the sunset. 高阶升级：Bathed in golden light, he stood motionless, watching the sun sink below the horizon, painting the sky crimson. (2)五种必背高分结构 ① Only to find结构（意外结果） He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left. ②形容词+不定式（情感表达） I was astonished to discover the truth. ③There being结构（原因说明） There being no evidence, the case was dismissed. ④介词+分词（精确描述） The article discusses climate change, with rising temperatures being the focus. ⑤名词+不定式（同位说明） His decision to resign shocked everyone. 5.易错点对比训练 (1) stop to do vs stop doing The lecturer stopped to drink water. （停下讲课去喝水） The lecturer stopped explaining when the bell rang. （停止讲解动作） (2) have sb do vs have sth done I’ll have the technician repair my laptop. （主动安排） I’ll have my laptop repaired tomorrow. （被动委托） 四、高考真题解题四步法 （一）解题四步法核心框架 第一步：判定句子是否缺谓语 关键技巧： ① 划出主句中的主语和谓语，排除从句干扰； ② 若已经有谓语(含并列谓语)，则空格填非谓语。 例句： The temple ______ (build) in the Ming Dynasty was damaged in the earthquake. 【答案】built 考查过去分词做后置定语。主句谓语是was damaged，build需用非谓语作定语，表示被动和完成动作。 第二步：分析非谓语成分 三大高频考点： 成分 标志性结构 例 句 答案 定语 紧贴名词后 The algorithm ______ (develop) by the team solves the problem. developed 状语 句首/逗号隔开，表原因/结果 ______ (not prepare) well, he failed the interview. Not having prepared 宾补 在find / keep / make等动词后 We found the data ______ (misinterpret) in the report. misinterpreted 第三步：判断主被动关系 黄金法则：非谓语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，需用独立主格结构（with+名词+非谓语）。 高难例句：With the experiment ______ (go) wrong, the team had all the data ______ (recheck). 【答案】going（主动，go是experiment自己发出的动作）；rechecked（have sth. done结构）。 第四步：选择时态形式 时间轴判定法：非谓语动词时态选择 先于主句动作 与主句同时 且于主句动作 having done / having been done doing / done to do / to be done 实战应用： ______ (Complete) the theoretical model, the physicist started ______ (design) experiments. 【答案】Having completed（模型完成在前）；designing（start doing固定搭配）。 （二）高考压轴题精练（6大复杂场景） 场景1：嵌套定语从句+非谓语 1. The museum ______ (visit) by thousands daily, which was ______ (establish) in 1890, is now ______ (consider) a national treasure. 【答案】visited（被动）；established（被动）；considered（被动） 解析：三个非谓语分别作定语、插入语和补语，均需判断被动关系。 场景2：倒装句中的非谓语 2. Not until ______ (give) detailed instructions ______ the workers start the operation. 【答案】given（workers被give）；do（倒装句助动词） 陷阱：易误填giving，忽略not until倒装结构。 场景3：非谓语作主语+插入语 3. ______ (master) advanced mathematics, as all scientists agree, ______ (be) essential for AI research. 【答案】Mastering（动名词主语）；is（谓语动词） 考点：as all scientists agree是一个非限制性定语从句，放在句子中间，把主谓结构分开了。 场景4：with复合结构+非谓语 4. The patient left the hospital with the treatment ______ (not finish), ______ (cause) concern among doctors. 【答案】not finished（被动未完成）；causing（现在分词表结果） 场景5：非谓语动词的否定式 5. ______ (Not inform) of the schedule change, many attendees missed the keynote speech. 【答案】Not having been informed（完成被动式的否定） 对比： 简单版：______ (Inform) late, he arrived at 9:00. (Informed) 高难版：______ (Not give) enough notice, the participants complained. (Not having been given) 场景6：固定搭配中的非谓语 6. The professor devoted himself to ______ (study) climate change, ______ (publish) 20 papers last year alone. 【答案】studying（devote to doing）；publishing（伴随状语） 易错点：to在句中作介词（非不定式符号），后接动名词。 （三）学生最易失分的3类陷阱 1. 伪谓语陷阱： What he wanted ______ (achieve) was ______ (recognize) as a pioneer. 【答案】to achieve（want to do）；to be recognized（was后接不定式作表语） 分析：was不是谓语动词，主干是"What he wanted was..."，缺表语。 2. 隐藏被动关系： The painting ______ (display) in the lobby needs ______ (restore). 【答案】displayed（被动展出）；restoring（need doing主动表被动） 3. 非谓语动词的完成式误用： ______ (work) in the lab for years, he ______ (know) all the equipment well. 正确：Having worked（强调工作多年在先）；knows 错误：Working（无法体现时间先后）。 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 1. (2024年新课标高考I卷) These sepals open on warm days _______ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2. (2024年全国高考甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _______ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 3. (2024·新课标全国II卷) _______ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language __ (and) see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 4. (2024·新课标全国II卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __ (visibility), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _______ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 5. (2024·新课标全国II卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, __ (was built) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 6. (2024年1月浙江高考卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets __ (have started) selling chicken or salad in packs _______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 7. (2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra _______ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 8. (2023·全国I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether _______ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill ...... 9. (2023·全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _______ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 10. (2023·全国I卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _______ (want) more next time. 11. (2023·全国I卷) Shanghai may be the _______ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 12. (2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message _______ (intend) for everyone. 13. (2023·全国II卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _______ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 14. (2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) — _______ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 15. (2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, _______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 16. (2023·全国乙卷) _______ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 17. (2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully _______ (build) system of ring roads. 18. (2022·全国I卷) _______ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 19. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _______ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 20. (2022·新高考全国I卷) He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up _______ (see) them. 21. (2022·新高考全国II卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _______ (fall) child.  22. (2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation _______ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 23. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step _______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 24. (2022·全国乙卷) _______ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media...... 25. (2022·全国乙卷) “...... It can help to build a community with a _______ (share) future for mankind,” he said. 26. (2021·全国I卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _______ (ache) legs. 27. (2021·全国II卷) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _______ (think) it is food.  28. (2021·全国II卷) I decided to do something _______ (educate) people about this problem. 29. (2021·全国甲卷) It is possible _______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  30. (2021·全国甲卷) After _______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!  31. (2021·全国乙卷) • Minimize the impact of _______ (visit) the place. 32. (2021·全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _______ (educate) about the areas ...... 33. (2020·新高考全国I卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _______ (walk) through a rainforest. （2） 模拟训练 1.（24-25高三下·江苏·开学考试）The palace was built during the Yuan Dynasty (1271 — 1368) (serve) as a center of worship (祭祖) during the rule of Emperor Yongle, (and) listed as a national key cultural heritage conservation unit in 1961. 2.（24-25高三下·江苏·开学考试）With great emphasis (laid) on the cultural importance of these murals, the exhibition symbolized the growing interest in China’s rich cultural and religious heritage on the global stage, __________ (promote) better understanding and cooperation between countries in a multicultural context. 3.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）The principles that guide Chinese calligraphy also play a significant role in Chinese landscape art, with artists being extremely conservative in their use of color in order to keep the viewers __________ (absorb) in their works. 4.（24-25高三下·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）The Ice and Snow World, one of many attractions in the city, is ___ (where) amazing ice and snow sculptures are housed, replicas (复制品) of famous landmarks, animals, and cartoon characters (include). 5.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）The hall was built in 1749 (hold) pictures of the dead emperors as well as __________ (their) used items. 6.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）The study found that it took more than 200 hours for a person (consider) as a close friend. So be patient with making friends. 7.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）The researchers also found the best friendship-building hours are those spent __________ (carry) out enjoyable activities, whether it’s just hanging out (or) playing games. 8.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Longshuixia gap, (an) underground world that gradually slopes down to depths of over 250 meters, with steps (wind) all the way down the steep and rough limestone gorge, leaves tourists (struck) at its natural charm and peacefulness. 9.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）The three natural bridges are said (form) the stunning backdrops to scenes from Michael Bay’s Transformers: Age of Extinction and Zhang Yimou’s Curse of the Golden Flower. 10.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）It witnesses China’s inspiring sporting records, (symbol) the rise of Asia, with China taking the lead. 11.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Nineteen-year-old Pan Zhanle’s world record in the 100m freestyle and Zheng Qinwen’s historic win in women’s tennis are just a few examples of China’s expanding capabilities in sports once __________ (consider) beyond its reach. 12.（24-25高三上·广东·期末）A must-try dish from (the) world-renowned melting pot is lomo saltado — marinated (腌制的) strips of steak stir-fry with soy sauce, chopped red onions, tomatoes, crispy French fries and the unmissable ají amarillo chili pepper (黄辣椒), (serve) with rice on the side. 13.（24-25高三上·广东·期末）Spaniards are also believed (introduce) rice to Peru in the early years of the colony. 14.（2025·安徽·一模） (aim) for high-level opening-up, this policy has helped boost tourism in China. 15.（2025·安徽·一模）The policy not only brings convenience for foreign travelers but also invites them __________ (experience) everyday life in China. 16.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）The first video showcases her months of meticulous efforts __________ (restore) her grandmother’s wardrobe using traditional Chinese lacquerware (漆器) techniques, ___ (an) intangible cultural heritage. 17.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Her poetic and (artistic) presentation of village life, coupled with warm interactions with her grandmother went viral, (earn) her a large following. 18.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）During the Tang Dynasty, tea (drink) became widespread among the upper classes, and the art of tea making and brewing began to take shape. 19.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）It provides a way for people (slow) down and connect with nature and tradition in a fast-paced world. 20.（24-25高三下·浙江绍兴·阶段练习）However, they all share a common (write) system—Chinese characters. 21.（2025·重庆·一模）The Chinese language classes, (teach) by instructors from the Confucius Institute at the University of Malta, range from beginner to intermediate levels and (are tailored) to different age groups and skill levels. 22.（2025·重庆·一模） (An) experienced traveler to China, Di Meglio has reached HSK Level 3, the international benchmark for Chinese proficiency, and aims (advance) to Levels 4 and 5 in the coming years. 23.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）As the Winter Solstice is the first term (establish), it is often regarded as the starting point of China’s 24 solar terms. 24.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Since this day (marks) a major change in climate, the ancient people attached great importance to it, (view) it as significant as the Spring Festival. 25.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）The selection includes terms like “digital intelligence” and “AI for good,” __________ (showcase) the influence of artificial intelligence (AI). 26.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）“Digital intelligence” refers to the integration of advanced intelligent technologies into digital systems (boost) productivity, streamline resource management and foster innovation. 27.（2024·湖北·一模）Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a (shortage) of teachers and equipment (qualify) for scientific education. 28.（2024·湖北·一模）In May last year, the education ministry and other departments released a document __________ (strengthen) scientific education in primary and secondary schools, promising to ensure that a more sound system will be in place in three to five years. 29.（24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）“Tea for Harmony” cultural salon in Bath, England on Friday was aimed ___ (at) both celebrating International Tea Day, which fell on May 21 and promising participants an opportunity __________ (experience) teas and culture from Central China’s Hubei province. 30.（2025·江西南昌·一模）Researchers from the University of Basel and the University of Leicester have shown the intensity of your exercise can be more important than the time (spend) engaging in physical activity. 31.（2025·江西南昌·一模） (boost) daily activity healthily, you can either speed up your regular jogs, or take the stairs instead of the lift. 32.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）The summer season (saw) a double-digit growth in museum visitors, with museum ticket reservations (top) the charts for all tourist attractions. 33.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）In summary, China’s museum boom (is characterized) by a surge in visitors, widespread use of new technology and media, deepening social functions, and the ongoing development of strategies (address) emerging challenges. 34.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期中）One success of his work, which beat out over 48,000 (entries) from 100 countries, made him the first Chinese photographer (receive) the title of wildlife photographer of the year in 2019. 35.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期中）The picture, named “The Moment”, captured the movement of a fox __________ (bare) its teeth and the marmot (土拨鼠) looking panicked. 36.（24-25高三下·广东·阶段练习）There are shops in big cities selling these instruments and even __________ (offer) courses for learning to play them.  37.（24-25高三下·海南省·开学考试）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solution) to one-time event dressing. 38.（24-25高三下·海南省·开学考试）“I really want to make this work for (people’s) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 39.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习） (face) with the challenge of balancing conservation and tourism, Fan found it important to find a solution. 40.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）In 2016, Digital Dunhuang was launched online, (allow) people worldwide to enjoy comprehensive images of the caves. （三）语篇填空(非谓语动词专练) The Power of Perseverance Perseverance, often  1 (regard) as the key to success, plays a vital role in achieving one’s goals. 2 (face) challenges with determination, individuals can overcome obstacles that might otherwise seem impossible. 3 (succeed) in life, one must be willing to endure hardships. Many great scientists, devoting their lives to research, have made groundbreaking discoveries. For example, Thomas Edison,  4 (know) for his persistence, failed thousands of times before  5 (invent) the light bulb. His story reminds us that giving up is never an option. 6 (encourage) by such examples, students should keep pushing forward, even when the path seems difficult. 7 (set) clear goals, they must work hard  8 (achieve) them. Success does not come easily; it requires being patient and persistent. In conclusion, cultivating perseverance is essential for anyone  9 (aim) for greatness. By learning from those who never gave up, we can find the strength  10 (overcome) our own challenges and ultimately reach our dreams. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届高考语法易错点 05 非谓语动词 目 录 一、非谓语动词核心语法功能深度解析 1.作主语/宾语/表语的句法功能 2.作定语/状语/补语的逻辑关系 3.与谓语动词的时态语态对比 二、非谓语动词三大形式与考点全解 1.不定式考点体系 易错陷阱1：不定式省略to的9种特殊情况 易错陷阱2：不定式完成式（to have done）的时态误判 2.动名词考点体系 易错陷阱1：只能接动名词的21个高频动词（avoid/admit等） 易错陷阱2：动名词复合结构的逻辑主语误用 3.分词考点体系 易错陷阱1：现在分词与过去分词的本质区别 易错陷阱2：独立主格结构的成分残缺 三、非谓语动词变形全攻略 1.动词→非谓语变形规则 2.特殊形式转换 3.易错变形警示 四、高考真题解题四步法 第一步：判定句子是否缺谓语 第二步：分析非谓语在句中的成分 第三步：判断与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系 第四步：根据时间关系选择时态形式 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 （二）模拟训练 一、非谓语动词核心语法功能深度解析 （一）作主语/宾语/表语的句法功能 1.作主语 不定式：To finish the math homework took me two hours.（具体任务） To get into a good university requires hard work.（具体目标） 动名词：Memorizing vocabulary is essential for English.（日常学习） Staying up late affects your concentration.（校园生活） 2.作宾语 不定式：He decided to join the debate club.（社团活动） We can’t afford to waste time.（学习建议） 动名词：She enjoys reading science fiction.（课外阅读） They practice speaking English every morning.（晨读场景） 3.作表语 不定式：Our duty is to complete the project.（小组任务） 动名词：Her favorite activity is playing basketball.（体育活动） 分词：The exam results were disappointing.（考试成绩） （二）作定语/状语/补语的逻辑关系 1.作定语 不定式：The best way to improve writing is practicing.（学习方法） 现在分词：The students discussing the problem are from Class 3.（课堂场景） 过去分词：The textbooks published last year have been updated.（教材变化） 2.作状语 不定式（目的）：We stayed after school to prepare for the competition.（课后准备） 现在分词（伴随）：Holding a notebook, the teacher entered the classroom.（上课场景） 过去分词（条件）：Given more practice, you can solve these problems.（学习鼓励） 3.作补语 感官动词：I saw him copying answers during the test.（考场纪律） 使役动词：The teacher had the incorrect answers corrected immediately.（作业批改） （三）与谓语动词的时态语态对比 1.时间关系 to be doing：He seems to be struggling with chemistry.（课堂观察） having done：Having reviewed all notes, I felt confident for the exam.（考前准备） 2.必考对比组：stop to do vs stop doing： After studying for hours, I stopped to drink water.（学习休息） The teacher stopped explaining when the bell rang.（课堂结束） 3.被动形式 to be done：The assignments to be submitted tomorrow are on the desk.（作业提交） being done：The experiment being conducted is very important.（实验课场景） 二、非谓语动词三大形式与考点全解 1. 不定式考点体系 易错陷阱1：不定式省略to的几种特殊情况 ①感官动词后：We observed the chemical reaction produce unexpected results in the lab experiment.（观察到化学反应产生意外结果） The researchers noticed the compound exhibit peculiar characteristics under the microscope.（注意到化合物展现特殊特性） ②使役动词后：The professor had us analyze the Shakespearean sonnet from multiple perspectives.（教授让我们多角度分析莎士比亚十四行诗） Let me demonstrate how to solve this differential equation.（让我演示如何解这个微分方程） ③特殊结构：Rather than rely solely on textbook knowledge, we should develop critical thinking skills.（不应仅依赖课本知识） Advanced calculus helps better understand quantum physics concepts.（高等微积分有助于理解量子物理概念） 易错陷阱2：不定式完成式（to have done）的时态误判 The scientist claimed to have discovered a new particle, but his findings were later disproven.（声称已发现新粒子） Having failed to have considered all variables, the research team had to redo their experiment.（未能考虑所有变量） The theory appears to have been valid in this case.（误用）→ 应改为to be（目前有效） 2. 动名词考点体系 易错陷阱1：学术场景高频动名词 记忆矩阵： 学科 动词 例 句 化学 avoid Avoid contaminating the samples is crucial in analytical chemistry. 文学 appreciate We appreciate studying modernist poetry’s complex imagery. 物理 postpone They postponed conducting the particle collision test. 易错陷阱2：学术写作中的动名词复合结构 ✓ The professor emphasized our submitting research proposals by Friday.（强调提交研究提案） ✓ The committee approved the team’s using innovative methodology.（批准使用创新方法） ✗ The results justify us altering the hypothesis.（错误结构） 3. 分词考点体系 易错陷阱1：学术语境中的分词区别 对比分析： ✓ The research findings were astonishing to the scientific community.（现在分词→主动影响） ✓ The astonished researchers reevaluated their approach.（过去分词→被动感受） ✓ The oxidizing substance must be handled carefully.（正在氧化的物质） ✓ The oxidized compound showed stable properties.（已氧化的化合物） 易错陷阱2：科研报告中的独立主格 标准结构： ✓ All data having been verified, the study was published in the journal.（数据已验证） ✓ The experiment completed ahead of schedule, the team began drafting the report.（实验提前完成） ✗ Using advanced algorithms, the results were more accurate.（悬垂错误） 复杂结构警示： ① 多重非谓语： ✓ Having finished collecting data, the researchers proceeded to analyze it using specialized software, hoping to discover meaningful patterns. ② 科技英语特例： ✓ The device requires its components being precisely calibrated.（专业表达可接受） ✓ The solution needs heating to 100°C before testing.（need+动名词表被动） 学术写作要点： 1. 文献引用中的非谓语： ✓ Previous studies tend to overlook this factor when interpreting the results. ✓ The author recommends adopting this framework for future research. 2. 实验步骤描述： ✓ After calibrating the instruments, begin by measuring the initial values. ✓ The procedure involves preparing the solution and then letting it react for 24 hours. 三、非谓语动词变形全攻略 1. 动词→非谓语变形规则（系统化转换矩阵） 谓语动词时态 主动非谓语形式 被动非谓语形式 高考应用场景示例 一般现在时 to do/doing to be done/being done The question to discuss is... 现在进行时 to be doing He pretended to be sleeping. 现在完成时 to have done / having done to have been done / having been done Having finished the work... 一般过去时 done The book published last year ... 典型真题应用： (2023全国乙卷) 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ___ (was amazed) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 2. 特殊形式转换（高考必考重点） 感官动词结构对比： 感官动词+宾语+do不定式：表示动作“全过程” 感官动词+宾语+doing分词：表示动作进行 被动式→be seen to do 使役动词变形法则： 主动态：make/have/let sb. do（不带to） 被动态：be made to do（必须加to） 注意：have sth. done（表被动） 高考真题训练： (2022新高考Ⅰ) The students were made ______ (repeat) the experiment. → to repeat（被动还原to） 3. 易错变形警示（高频失分点解析） 动词 不定式（未做） 动名词（已做） remember remember to do remember doing ... forget forgot to lock the door forgot locking the door regret regret to inform you... regret making the choice try try to solve（努力） try restarting（尝试） 非谓语时态误判案例： ▲ ______ (work) in the lab for years, the equipment looks old. ✓ Having worked（持续动作需用完成式） ✖ Working（无法体现时间累积） 被动遗漏典型错误： ▲ The samples ______ (test) tomorrow are critical. ✓ to be tested（必须用被动） ✖ to test 附：高三难度例句库（严格对标高考） (1)科技文摘选 The algorithm ______ (develop) by our team can process images 50% faster than conventional methods. 【答案】developed（过去分词作后置定语） (2)文学描写段 ______ (Exhaust) from the journey, the travelers collapsed onto the grass, their clothes ______ (cover) in dust. 【答案】Exhausted; covered（情感形容词+with复合结构） (3)议论文论证 ______ (Base) on solid evidence, the conclusion leaves no room for doubt. 【答案】Based（过去分词引导论证依据） (4)语法填空特训 The manager wanted the report ______ (type) immediately, ______ (give) its urgency. 【答案】typed; giving（使役动词+分词状语） 4.写作提分技巧 (1)非谓语动词三阶升级法 原始句：He stood there. He watched the sunset. 初级升级：Standing there, he watched the sunset. 高阶升级：Bathed in golden light, he stood motionless, watching the sun sink below the horizon, painting the sky crimson. (2)五种必背高分结构 ① Only to find结构（意外结果） He rushed to the station, only to find the train had left. ②形容词+不定式（情感表达） I was astonished to discover the truth. ③There being结构（原因说明） There being no evidence, the case was dismissed. ④介词+分词（精确描述） The article discusses climate change, with rising temperatures being the focus. ⑤名词+不定式（同位说明） His decision to resign shocked everyone. 5.易错点对比训练 (1) stop to do vs stop doing The lecturer stopped to drink water. （停下讲课去喝水） The lecturer stopped explaining when the bell rang. （停止讲解动作） (2) have sb do vs have sth done I’ll have the technician repair my laptop. （主动安排） I’ll have my laptop repaired tomorrow. （被动委托） 四、高考真题解题四步法 （一）解题四步法核心框架 第一步：判定句子是否缺谓语 关键技巧： ① 划出主句中的主语和谓语，排除从句干扰； ② 若已经有谓语(含并列谓语)，则空格填非谓语。 例句： The temple ______ (build) in the Ming Dynasty was damaged in the earthquake. 【答案】built 考查过去分词做后置定语。主句谓语是was damaged，build需用非谓语作定语，表示被动和完成动作。 第二步：分析非谓语成分 三大高频考点： 成分 标志性结构 例 句 答案 定语 紧贴名词后 The algorithm ______ (develop) by the team solves the problem. developed 状语 句首/逗号隔开，表原因/结果 ______ (not prepare) well, he failed the interview. Not having prepared 宾补 在find / keep / make等动词后 We found the data ______ (misinterpret) in the report. misinterpreted 第三步：判断主被动关系 黄金法则：非谓语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，需用独立主格结构（with+名词+非谓语）。 高难例句：With the experiment ______ (go) wrong, the team had all the data ______ (recheck). 【答案】going（主动，go是experiment自己发出的动作）；rechecked（have sth. done结构）。 第四步：选择时态形式 时间轴判定法：非谓语动词时态选择 先于主句动作 与主句同时 且于主句动作 having done / having been done doing / done to do / to be done 实战应用： ______ (Complete) the theoretical model, the physicist started ______ (design) experiments. 【答案】Having completed（模型完成在前）；designing（start doing固定搭配）。 （二）高考压轴题精练（6大复杂场景） 场景1：嵌套定语从句+非谓语 1. The museum ______ (visit) by thousands daily, which was ______ (establish) in 1890, is now ______ (consider) a national treasure. 【答案】visited（被动）；established（被动）；considered（被动） 解析：三个非谓语分别作定语、插入语和补语，均需判断被动关系。 场景2：倒装句中的非谓语 2. Not until ______ (give) detailed instructions ______ the workers start the operation. 【答案】given（workers被give）；do（倒装句助动词） 陷阱：易误填giving，忽略not until倒装结构。 场景3：非谓语作主语+插入语 3. ______ (master) advanced mathematics, as all scientists agree, ______ (be) essential for AI research. 【答案】Mastering（动名词主语）；is（谓语动词） 考点：as all scientists agree是一个非限制性定语从句，放在句子中间，把主谓结构分开了。 场景4：with复合结构+非谓语 4. The patient left the hospital with the treatment ______ (not finish), ______ (cause) concern among doctors. 【答案】not finished（被动未完成）；causing（现在分词表结果） 场景5：非谓语动词的否定式 5. ______ (Not inform) of the schedule change, many attendees missed the keynote speech. 【答案】Not having been informed（完成被动式的否定） 对比： 简单版：______ (Inform) late, he arrived at 9:00. (Informed) 高难版：______ (Not give) enough notice, the participants complained. (Not having been given) 场景6：固定搭配中的非谓语 6. The professor devoted himself to ______ (study) climate change, ______ (publish) 20 papers last year alone. 【答案】studying（devote to doing）；publishing（伴随状语） 易错点：to在句中作介词（非不定式符号），后接动名词。 （三）学生最易失分的3类陷阱 1. 伪谓语陷阱： What he wanted ______ (achieve) was ______ (recognize) as a pioneer. 【答案】to achieve（want to do）；to be recognized（was后接不定式作表语） 分析：was不是谓语动词，主干是"What he wanted was..."，缺表语。 2. 隐藏被动关系： The painting ______ (display) in the lobby needs ______ (restore). 【答案】displayed（被动展出）；restoring（need doing主动表被动） 3. 非谓语动词的完成式误用： ______ (work) in the lab for years, he ______ (know) all the equipment well. 正确：Having worked（强调工作多年在先）；knows 错误：Working（无法体现时间先后）。 五、实战精析 （一）高考练场 1. (2024年新课标高考I卷) These sepals open on warm days _______ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth. 为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。 2. (2024年全国高考甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend _______ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。3. (2024·新课标全国II卷) _______ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language __ (and) see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 4. (2024·新课标全国II卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international __ (visibility), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed _______ (find) the connection between the two great writers. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 5. (2024·新课标全国II卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, _______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, __ (was built) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 6. (2024年1月浙江高考卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets __ (have started) selling chicken or salad in packs _______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处应用非谓语动词作 packs 的定语。packs 与 design 之间为被动关系，故应填动词-ed 形式。 7. (2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra _______ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空白处句子意为：然而，如果你正在为自己一人购物，仅仅为了享受价格折扣而多买是不明智的。根据句意及句子结构可知，空白处应用动词不定式作 buying extra 的目的状语。 8. (2023·全国I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether _______ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill ...... 【解析】考查非谓语动词。decide whether to do sth.“决定是否做某事”，用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 9. (2023·全国I卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _______ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。 10. (2023·全国I卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _______ (want) more next time. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词。故填wanting。 11. (2023·全国I卷) Shanghai may be the _______ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”，也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。 12. (2023·全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message _______ (intend) for everyone. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 13. (2023·全国II卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _______ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处用来修饰后面的名词Chinese zookeepers，visit和Chinese zookeepers是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应用-ing主动形式。故填visiting。 14. (2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) — _______ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 15. (2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, _______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词begins，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 16. (2023·全国乙卷) _______ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句中时间状语来判断，应用完成时形式。另外，这里是非谓语做状语，表示主语的另一个动作，但这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，故用-ing完成式。故填having visited。 17. (2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully _______ (build) system of ring roads. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此空前有its，这里和carefully一起构成一个短语做定语。和后面的system是逻辑上的被动关系。故填built。 18. (2022·全国I卷) _______ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 19. (2022·全国I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _______ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，......以提高效率......。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。20. (2022·新高考全国I卷) He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up _______ (see) them. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用to see。 21. (2022·新高考全国II卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _______ (fall) child.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词，所以此处用非谓语形式；中心词child与fall之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式做定语。故用falling。 22. (2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation _______ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hold和the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词-ed形式作定语。故填held。 23. (2022·全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step _______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填的词作定语修饰名词step，所以用动词不定式，故填to journey。 24. (2022·全国乙卷) _______ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media...... 【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处需用不定式表目的，“为了加强和年轻人的联系，......”。故填To strengthen。 25. (2022·全国乙卷) “...... It can help to build a community with a _______ (share) future for mankind,” he said. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它将有助于建立人类命运共同体。此处需要用过去分词作定语，修饰future，表示“人类命运共同体”。故填shared。 26. (2021·全国I卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _______ (ache) legs. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处需要用过去分词作定语，修饰legs，表示“疼痛的腿”，ache和legs是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填aching。 27. (2021·全国II卷) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, _______ (think) it is food.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构可知，所填的词用做状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。故填thinking。 28. (2021·全国II卷) I decided to do something _______ (educate) people about this problem. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知, (educate) people about this problem用做目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to educate。 29. (2021·全国甲卷) It is possible _______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.  【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是一个句型：It is possible to do ...。分析句子结构可知，句首的“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to walk。 30. (2021·全国甲卷) After _______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!  【解析】考查非谓语动词。前面的“After”是介词，介词后面用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填spending。 31. (2021·全国乙卷) • Minimize the impact of _______ (visit) the place. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。所给的词是动词且位于介词of后，故用动词-ing形式做宾语。故填visiting。 32. (2021·全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _______ (educate) about the areas ...... 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，所填的词做表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式。故填educated。 33. (2020·新高考全国I卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _______ (walk) through a rainforest. 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构分析，设空处和其前的living一样，做动词的宾语。故填walking。 （2） 模拟训练 1.（24-25高三下·江苏·开学考试）The palace was built during the Yuan Dynasty (1271 — 1368) (serve) as a center of worship (祭祖) during the rule of Emperor Yongle, (and) listed as a national key cultural heritage conservation unit in 1961. 【解析】to serve 考查不定式。句意：这座宫殿建于元朝（1271 - 1368），在永乐皇帝统治期间作为祭祖中心，并于1961年被列为国家重点文化遗产保护单位。本句已有谓语was built，设空处为非谓语动词，作目的状语应用不定式，故填to serve。 2.（24-25高三下·江苏·开学考试）With great emphasis (laid) on the cultural importance of these murals, the exhibition symbolized the growing interest in China’s rich cultural and religious heritage on the global stage, __________ (promote) better understanding and cooperation between countries in a multicultural context. 【解析】promoting 考查现在分词。句意：此次展览强调了这些壁画的文化重要性，象征着全球对中国丰富的文化和宗教遗产日益增长的兴趣，促进了多元文化背景下各国之间更好的理解与合作。本句已有谓语动词symbolized，设空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填promoting。 3.（24-25高三下·江苏盐城·阶段练习）The principles that guide Chinese calligraphy also play a significant role in Chinese landscape art, with artists being extremely conservative in their use of color in order to keep the viewers __________ (absorb) in their works. 【解析】absorbed 考查非谓语动词。句意：指导中国书法的原则在中国山水画艺术中也起着重要作用，艺术家们在使用色彩方面极为克制，以使观众沉浸在他们的作品中。分析句子可知，这里考查keep sb. + 形容词，表示“使某人处于某种状态”，be absorbed in，是固定短语，意为“沉浸于；专注于”，所以这里用absorb的过去分词absorbed作宾语补足语。故填absorbed。 4.（24-25高三下·江苏宿迁·阶段练习）The Ice and Snow World, one of many attractions in the city, is ___ (where) amazing ice and snow sculptures are housed, replicas (复制品) of famous landmarks, animals, and cartoon characters (include). 【解析】included 考查非谓语动词。句意：冰雪大世界是哈尔滨众多景点之一，里面陈列着令人惊叹的冰雪雕塑，其中包括著名地标建筑、动物以及卡通人物的复制品。空处为非谓语动词构成的独立主格；“replicas (复制品) of famous landmarks, animals, and cartoon characters”和动词“include”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填included。 5.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）The hall was built in 1749 (hold) pictures of the dead emperors as well as __________ (their) used items. 【解析】to hold 考查不定式。句意：该大殿建于1749年，用于存放已故皇帝的画像及其生前用品。动词“hold”表示目的，需用不定式“to hold”。故填to hold。 6.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）The study found that it took more than 200 hours for a person (consider) as a close friend. So be patient with making friends. 【解析】to be considered 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究发现，一个人要被认为是亲密的朋友需要超过200个小时。it takes some time for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，表示“某人做某事需要一些时间”，其中it为形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，且person与consider“认为”之间是被动关系，用不定式的被动式to be considered。故填to be considered。 7.（2025·江苏·模拟预测）The researchers also found the best friendship-building hours are those spent __________ (carry) out enjoyable activities, whether it’s just hanging out (or) playing games. 【解析】carrying 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员还发现，建立友谊的最佳时间是那些进行愉快活动的时间，无论是闲逛还是玩游戏。carry out“进行”。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定短语，表示“花费时间做某事”，本空用carry的动名词carrying，作宾语。故填carrying。 8.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）Longshuixia gap, (an) underground world that gradually slopes down to depths of over 250 meters, with steps (wind) all the way down the steep and rough limestone gorge, leaves tourists (struck) at its natural charm and peacefulness. 【解析】winding 考查非谓语动词。句意：龙水峡是一个地下世界，它逐渐向下倾斜，深度超过250米，台阶沿着陡峭粗糙的石灰岩峡谷蜿蜒而下，让游客被它的自然魅力和宁静所震撼。此处作宾补，宾语steps与wind之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作宾补，故填winding。 9.（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·开学考试）The three natural bridges are said (form) the stunning backdrops to scenes from Michael Bay’s Transformers: Age of Extinction and Zhang Yimou’s Curse of the Golden Flower. 【解析】to have formed 考查不定式。句意：据说，这三座天然桥梁已经构成了Michael Bay的《变形金刚：绝迹重生》和张艺谋的《满城尽带黄金甲》中令人惊叹的场景背景。此处为“据说做某事”，表达为be said to do sth.，故此处应用不定式作宾补，且此处表示“已经成为了拍摄地”，故应用不定式的完成时，故填to have formed。 10.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）It witnesses China’s inspiring sporting records, (symbol) the rise of Asia, with China taking the lead. 【解析】symbolizing 考查非谓语动词。句意：它见证了中国鼓舞人心的体育记录，象征着亚洲的崛起，中国走在前列。空处需用非谓语动词作状语，symbol为名词，动词形式为symbolize“代表”，该动词与句子主语It构成逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语。故填symbolizing。 11.（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Nineteen-year-old Pan Zhanle’s world record in the 100m freestyle and Zheng Qinwen’s historic win in women’s tennis are just a few examples of China’s expanding capabilities in sports once __________ (consider) beyond its reach. 【解析】considered 考查非谓语动词。句意：19岁的潘展乐在100米自由泳中创造的世界纪录和郑钦文在女子网球方面的历史性胜利，只是中国在一些曾经被认为遥不可及的运动领域不断拓展能力的几个例子。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰sports，动词consider与逻辑主语sports构成被动关系，需用过去分词形式作定语。故填considered。 12.（24-25高三上·广东·期末）A must-try dish from (the) world-renowned melting pot is lomo saltado — marinated (腌制的) strips of steak stir-fry with soy sauce, chopped red onions, tomatoes, crispy French fries and the unmissable ají amarillo chili pepper (黄辣椒), (serve) with rice on the side. 【解析】served 考查非谓语动词。句意：来自世界著名大熔炉的一道必尝的佳肴便是lomo saltado——这是用酱油腌制的牛排条，配以切碎的红洋葱、番茄、香脆的薯条以及不可或缺的黄灯笼椒，一同快炒而成，旁边还配有米饭。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，lomo saltado和serve之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填served。 13.（24-25高三上·广东·期末）Spaniards are also believed (introduce) rice to Peru in the early years of the colony. 【解析】to have introduced 考查不定式的完成式。句意：西班牙人也被认为在秘鲁殖民地的早期将大米引入了秘鲁。sb. be believed to do sth.是固定短语，意为“某人被认为做某事”，西班牙人已经将大米引入了秘鲁，动作“引入”先于“认为”发生，因此空格处用不定式的完成式to have done，故填to have introduced。 14.（2025·安徽·一模） (aim) for high-level opening-up, this policy has helped boost tourism in China. 【解析】Aiming 考查非谓语动词。句意：以高水平对外开放为目标，这一政策促进了中国旅游业的发展。设空处所在部分作状语，且this policy与aim之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表主动，首字母大写。故填Aiming。 15.（2025·安徽·一模）The policy not only brings convenience for foreign travelers but also invites them __________ (experience) everyday life in China. 【解析】to experience 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项政策不仅为外国游客带来了便利，也邀请他们体验中国的日常生活。设空处作宾补，invite sb. to do sth.表示“邀请某人做某事”。故填to experience。 16.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）The first video showcases her months of meticulous efforts __________ (restore) her grandmother’s wardrobe using traditional Chinese lacquerware (漆器) techniques, ___ (an) intangible cultural heritage. 【解析】to restore 考查非谓语动词。句意：第一个视频展示了她几个月来用中国传统漆器技术（一种非物质文化遗产）精心修复祖母衣柜的过程。efforts后使用动词不定式作定语，故填to restore。 17.（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）Her poetic and (artistic) presentation of village life, coupled with warm interactions with her grandmother went viral, (earn) her a large following. 【解析】earning 考查非谓语动词。句意：她对乡村生活的诗意和艺术表现，加上与祖母的热情互动，在网上疯传，为她赢得了大批粉丝。earn的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主动关系，使用现在分词，作状语，故填earning。 18.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）During the Tang Dynasty, tea (drink) became widespread among the upper classes, and the art of tea making and brewing began to take shape. 【解析】drinking 考查动名词。句意：在唐朝，饮茶在上层阶级中变得普遍，制茶和泡茶的艺术开始形成。drink(喝)在这里作主语，应用其动名词形式drinking；tea drinking“饮茶”。故填drinking。 19.（24-25高三下·浙江杭州·阶段练习）It provides a way for people (slow) down and connect with nature and tradition in a fast-paced world. 【解析】to slow 考查非谓语动词。句意：它为人们在快节奏的世界中放慢脚步、与自然和传统建立联系提供了一种方式。名词way表“方式”，常用不定式作后置定语；a way (for sb.) to do sth.意为“(某人)做某事的方式”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to slow。 20.（24-25高三下·浙江绍兴·阶段练习）However, they all share a common (write) system—Chinese characters. 【解析】writing 考查动名词。句意：然而，它们都共享一个共同的书写系统——汉字。根据句意和空格后的名词system可知，空格处应该用动名词writing作定语，修饰后面的名词system，writing system意义为“书写系统”。故填writing。 21.（2025·重庆·一模）The Chinese language classes, (teach) by instructors from the Confucius Institute at the University of Malta, range from beginner to intermediate levels and (are tailored) to different age groups and skill levels. 【解析】taught 考查非谓语动词。句意：汉语课程由马耳他大学孔子学院教师授课，涵盖初级到中级水平，针对不同年龄段和技能水平的学生量身定制。句中谓语是range，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填taught。 22.（2025·重庆·一模） (An) experienced traveler to China, Di Meglio has reached HSK Level 3, the international benchmark for Chinese proficiency, and aims (advance) to Levels 4 and 5 in the coming years. 【解析】to advance 考查不定式。句意：作为一名经验丰富的中国旅行者，Di Meglio已经达到了汉语水平的国际基准HSK三级，并计划在未来几年提升到四级和五级。aim to do是固定短语，意为“有意图做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to advance。故填to advance。 23.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）As the Winter Solstice is the first term (establish), it is often regarded as the starting point of China’s 24 solar terms. 【解析】to be established 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于冬至是第一个确立的节气，因此它通常被视为中国24个节气的起点。根据term前的first可知，空处需要动词不定式作定语。此处表示“第一个被确立的节气”，所以需要动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be established。 24.（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）Since this day (marks) a major change in climate, the ancient people attached great importance to it, (view) it as significant as the Spring Festival. 【解析】viewing 考查非谓语动词。句意：由于这一天标志着气候的重大变化，古人非常重视它，认为它与春节一样重要。view在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语，该动词与逻辑主语the ancient people构成主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填viewing。 25.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）The selection includes terms like “digital intelligence” and “AI for good,” __________ (showcase) the influence of artificial intelligence (AI). 【解析】showcasing 考查非谓语动词。句意：入选词汇包括“数字智能”和“人工智能向善”，展示了人工智能(AI)的影响力。“(showcase) the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) ”作伴随状语，showcase(展示)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The selection之间为主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填showcasing。 26.（24-25高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）“Digital intelligence” refers to the integration of advanced intelligent technologies into digital systems (boost) productivity, streamline resource management and foster innovation. 【解析】to boost 考查非谓语动词。句意：“数字智能”指的是将先进智能技术集成到数字系统中，以提高生产力、简化资源管理和促进创新。根据句意，“(boost) productivity, streamline resource management and foster innovation”是“the integration of advanced intelligent technologies into digital systems”的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to boost。 27.（2024·湖北·一模）Lyu Guofan, chairman of the Henan Association for Science and Technology, says that rural areas are mostly faced with a (shortage) of teachers and equipment (qualify) for scientific education. 【解析】qualified 考查非谓语动词。句意：河南省科学技术协会主席吕国藩表示，农村地区主要面临着科学教育教师和设备短缺的问题。此处qualify与equipment构成被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填qualified。 28.（2024·湖北·一模）In May last year, the education ministry and other departments released a document __________ (strengthen) scientific education in primary and secondary schools, promising to ensure that a more sound system will be in place in three to five years. 【解析】to strengthen 考查非谓语动词。句意：去年5月，教育部和其他部门发布了一份加强中小学科学教育的文件，承诺在三到五年内确保一个更完善的系统到位。此处strengthen在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to strengthen。 29.（24-25高三上·山东潍坊·开学考试）“Tea for Harmony” cultural salon in Bath, England on Friday was aimed ___ (at) both celebrating International Tea Day, which fell on May 21 and promising participants an opportunity __________ (experience) teas and culture from Central China’s Hubei province. 【解析】to experience 考查不定式。句意：周五在英国巴斯举行的“和谐茶”文化沙龙旨在庆祝5月21日的国际茶日,并向参与者承诺有机会体验中国中部湖北省的茶和文化。分析可知，修饰名词opportunity，应用不定式作后置定语，故填to experience。 30.（2025·江西南昌·一模）Researchers from the University of Basel and the University of Leicester have shown the intensity of your exercise can be more important than the time (spend) engaging in physical activity. 【解析】spent 考查过去分词。句意：来自巴塞尔大学和莱斯特大学的研究人员发现，运动的强度可能比花在体育活动上的时间更重要。设空处修饰名词time作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填spent。 31.（2025·江西南昌·一模） (boost) daily activity healthily, you can either speed up your regular jogs, or take the stairs instead of the lift. 【解析】To boost 考查不定式。句意：为了健康地促进日常活动，你可以加快常规慢跑的速度，或者走楼梯而不是乘电梯。设空处作目的状语，应用不定式，故填To boost。 32.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）The summer season (saw) a double-digit growth in museum visitors, with museum ticket reservations (top) the charts for all tourist attractions. 【解析】topping 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年夏季，博物馆游客数量出现了两位数的增长，博物馆门票预订量位居所有旅游景点之首。此处是with引导的复合结构，top和逻辑主语museum ticket reservations之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填topping。 33.（24-25高三上·辽宁大连·期末）In summary, China’s museum boom (is characterized) by a surge in visitors, widespread use of new technology and media, deepening social functions, and the ongoing development of strategies (address) emerging challenges. 【解析】to address 考查非谓语动词。句意：总之，中国博物馆繁荣的特点是游客激增，新技术和媒体的广泛使用，社会功能的深化，以及应对新挑战的战略的不断发展。根据句意，此处表将要发生的动作，用不定式作后置定语。故填to address。 34.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期中）One success of his work, which beat out over 48,000 (entries) from 100 countries, made him the first Chinese photographer (receive) the title of wildlife photographer of the year in 2019. 【解析】to receive 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的作品击败了来自100个国家的4.8万多名参赛作品，使他成为2019年第一个获得年度野生动物摄影师称号的中国摄影师。名词短语Chinese photographer前有the first修饰，空处用不定式作后置定语。故填to receive。 35.（24-25高三上·福建福州·期中）The picture, named “The Moment”, captured the movement of a fox __________ (bare) its teeth and the marmot (土拨鼠) looking panicked. 【解析】baring 考查非谓语动词。句意：这张名为《生死瞬间》的照片捕捉到了一只狐狸露出牙齿的动作，以及这只土拨鼠惊慌失措的样子。空处作定语修饰a fox，fox与bare构成主动关系，用现在分词。故填baring。 36.（24-25高三下·广东·阶段练习）There are shops in big cities selling these instruments and even __________ (offer) courses for learning to play them.  【解析】offering 考查非谓语动词。句意：大城市里有商店出售这些乐器，甚至提供学习演奏它们的课程。此处shops与offer构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式与selling并列，作后置定语。故填offering。 37.（24-25高三下·海南省·开学考试）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive (solution) to one-time event dressing. 【解析】to rent 考查非谓语动词。句意：Tanya的商店提供女性时尚服装租赁服务，而非直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更经济的解决方案。此处为后置定语修饰名词clothes，需用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动。故填to rent。 38.（24-25高三下·海南省·开学考试）“I really want to make this work for (people’s) lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says. 【解析】returning 考查非谓语动词。句意：“我真的想让这个服务贴近人们当下的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在特别的周末之后，周一就把裙子还回来，”她说。mean doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“意味着做某事”。故填returning。 39.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习） (face) with the challenge of balancing conservation and tourism, Fan found it important to find a solution. 【解析】Faced 考查非谓语动词。句意：面对保护和旅游之间的平衡挑战，范认识到找到解决方案的重要性。根据主句“Fan found it important”可知，句子谓语动词为found，空处需用非谓语动词，与with构成固定搭配，故填Faced。 40.（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·阶段练习）In 2016, Digital Dunhuang was launched online, (allow) people worldwide to enjoy comprehensive images of the caves. 【解析】allowing 考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年，数字敦煌上线，使全世界的人们可以欣赏洞窟的全面图像。根据主句“Digital Dunhuang was launched online”可知，句子谓语动词为was，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主句与其为主动关系，故填allowing。 （三）语篇填空(非谓语动词专练) The Power of Perseverance Perseverance, often  1 (regard) as the key to success, plays a vital role in achieving one’s goals. 2 (face) challenges with determination, individuals can overcome obstacles that might otherwise seem impossible. 3 (succeed) in life, one must be willing to endure hardships. Many great scientists, devoting their lives to research, have made groundbreaking discoveries. For example, Thomas Edison,  4 (know) for his persistence, failed thousands of times before  5 (invent) the light bulb. His story reminds us that giving up is never an option. 6 (encourage) by such examples, students should keep pushing forward, even when the path seems difficult. 7 (set) clear goals, they must work hard  8 (achieve) them. Success does not come easily; it requires being patient and persistent. In conclusion, cultivating perseverance is essential for anyone  9 (aim) for greatness. By learning from those who never gave up, we can find the strength  10 (overcome) our own challenges and ultimately reach our dreams. 【答案】1.regarded 2.Facing 3.To succeed 4.known 5.inventing 6.Encouraged 7.Having set 8.to achieve 9.aiming 10.to overcome 1. regarded 考查非谓语动词。句意：毅力常被视为成功的关键。主语perseverance与regard之间是被动关系（毅力被看作），且作后置定语修饰名词，故用过去分词regarded。 2. Facing 考查非谓语动词。句意：面对挑战时，有决心的人能克服看似不可能的困难。individuals与face是主动关系，且作状语表伴随状态，故用现在分词Facing。 3. To succeed 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了在人生中成功，必须愿意忍受艰辛。此处表示目的，需用不定式To succeed作目的状语。 4. known 考查非谓语动词。句意：以坚持闻名的爱迪生。主语Thomas Edison与know是被动关系（他被知道），作后置定语，故用过去分词known。 5. inventing 考查非谓语动词。句意：在发明电灯泡前失败了上千次。介词before后需接动名词，且Edison与invent是主动关系，故填inventing。 6. Encouraged 考查非谓语动词。句意：被这些例子鼓舞，学生们应继续前进。主语students与encourage是被动关系（学生被鼓舞），作原因状语，故用过去分词Encouraged。 7. Having set 考查非谓语动词。句意：在设定清晰目标后，他们必须努力实现。设定目标（set）发生在努力（work）之前，且与主语they是主动关系，需用现在分词完成式Having set。 8. to achieve 考查非谓语动词。句意：努力实现目标。此处表目的，用不定式to achieve作目的状语。 9. aiming 考查非谓语动词。句意：对志在伟大的人而言。修饰代词anyone，且与aim是主动关系，用现在分词aiming作后置定语。 10. to overcome 考查非谓语动词。句意：找到克服挑战的力量。不定式to overcome作定语修饰抽象名词strength，表示“用来克服...的力量”。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$