串讲01 单元语法知识点梳理【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考点大串讲（沪教版2020必修第三册）

高一下英语期期末复习 沪教版2020 必修第三册 分词做宾补 Unit 1 The media Objectives: 教学目标 （一）. 理解现在分词作宾补 （二）.理解过去分词作宾补 （三）. 理解现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别 现在分词作宾语补足语 Present participles used as object complement (现在分词做宾语补足语) Grammar 一、现在分词做宾补的含义（理解） 用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的执行者，构成逻辑上的主谓关系 。现在分词作宾补或表示被动 ，或表示正在发生 。 二、现在分词作宾补的用法（掌握） 1). 现在分词用于feel,see, hear, notice等感官动词 和think, find等心理状态的动词后作宾补。 2).现在分词用于get, have, make, keep, order等 使役动词后作宾补。 3).现在分词用于with复合结构中作宾补。 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 01 情景导入 Scenario Scenario Grammar Practice We find thousands of houses falling in the earthquake. pray(祈祷) We see people praying for the deaths. We can see her music. (listen to) listening to We can see five kids towards us in the picture. (run) running We noticed a long queue outside the apple shop. (wait) waiting The police caught the man the money.(steal) 警察抓住了这个男人正在偷钱。 stealing 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 02 语法探究 Grammar Scenario Grammar Practice 宾语补足语位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语是什么或怎么样，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 We can see a boy singing in the picture. 宾语补足语 主语 谓语 宾语 Ving形式作宾语补足语 常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 e.g. When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 ① I found a bag lying on the ground. 我发现地板上放着一个包。 ②我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。 We found the snake eating the eggs. ③ 那老板让工人整夜地工作。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 能用Ving形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: (1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 感官动词 + sb. +v-ing. 一感: feel 二听：hear，listen to 五看：see，look at，watch，notice，observe ①Listen to the birds singing. ② I didn’t notice him sleeping in the class. v-ing表示经常性，正在进行的动作； (to) do 表示完整的动作，即动作的全过程。 I found her playing the violin just now. （正在进行的动作） I found her play the violin yesterday. (完整的动作) Do you hear someone knocking at the door? （正在进行的动作） I heard someone knock at the door three times. (完整的动作) 2) 表示指使意义的动词，即使役动词，常见的有make，let, have, keep, set，get, catch, leave等。 ①I won’t have you doing that. ②This set me thinking. ③I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. ④I can’t get the clock going again. ⑤You won’t catch me doing that again. The teacher’s words left the boy 老师的话让这个男孩在思索.（leave） thinking. I won’t have you at me that way. 不允许 我将不允许你那样对我大喊（have） shouting have sb/sth doing 让某人/物一直做 have sb do 让某人做某事 have sth done 叫人帮忙做某事； 遭遇不幸的事情 The ___ boy was last seen ___ near the bank of the lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 解析: missing是形容词, 作boy的定语, 意思是“失踪的”。 was last seen playing 表示被看见时正在玩。 真题解析 A 2. When we watched the national flag ___ in the Olympic Games on TV, we raised a cheer. A. rise B. being risen C. raised D. being raised 解析: 本题考查分词作补语, rise是不及物动词, 先排除A、B两项, 国旗是被人们升起的, 应该用分词的被动形式, 句意为: 当看到电视中 奥林匹克运动会上国旗正在被升起时, 我们 欢呼起来。 D 03 练习检测 Practice Scenario Grammar Practice A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 2. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp_______ but the door _______. A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; shut D. on; shutting B C 3. New Zealand is an _____ country; you can hear ____ everywhere. A. English spoken; English-speaking B. English-spoken; spoken English C. English-speaking; speaking English D. English-speaking; English spoke D 4. When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _____ a patient. A. examine B. examing C. to exam D. examined 5. When he awoke, he found himself _____ by an old woman. A. looked after B. be looked after C. being looked after D. be looking after 6. Sitting by her side, I could feel her heart _________. A. beaten B. to beat C. beating D. to be beating C C B 现在分词作宾语补足语时，也常和表示使役的动词keep, get, leave, set，have，等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语，表示，“使……一直处于某种状态”.但let /make sb do sth I’m sorry to have_________________ for so long. 1.不好意思让你等这么久。(keep) 2.他父亲不让他抽烟。(let) His father do not ______________. kept you waiting let him smoke 1. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned 2. Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. to run D. had run C B 3. The boss has her the letter at once. A. type B. typing C. to type D. typed 4. The boss had all the workers day and night. A. worked B. working C. work D. to work A B 5. It’s really terrible to have a bus _____ another, which will cause an _____ accident. A. knocking up; astonished B. bumped into; astonishing C. knocked into; astonished D. bumping up; astonishing B -ing形式和动词不定式(省略to)作宾语补足语的区别： We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher the experiment.（make） 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验） 前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。 We sat an hour and watched the teacher the experiment. (make) 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） making make 感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用分词作宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. I felt somebody standing behind me. as object complements as object complements 感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用分词作宾语补足语。 使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)后，可用分词作宾语补足语 We kept the fire burning all night long. I won’t have you running about in the room. Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。) Be careful，or you’ll have your hands hurt. make sb do/done 36 as object complements 感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用分词作宾语补足语。 使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)后，可用分词作宾语补足语 （过去分词）用在表状态的keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语；用在表“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等词的后面。 He hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched. The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week. 37 感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用分词作宾语补足语。 使役动词(常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等)后，可用分词作宾语补足语 （过去分词）用在表状态的keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语；用在表“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，order等词的后面。 with＋宾语＋宾补 With his work finished，he gladly accepted the invitation. I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on. With so many problems to settle , the new chairman couldn’t sleep well at night. as object complements 38 小结 as object complements 1．现在分词作宾语补足语： I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. He tried to leave the engine running. 注： a)现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。 b)现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主动的主谓关系。 He saw an old man getting on the bus. I can hear someone knocking. She noticed the man looking at her a couple of times. 判断方法： 把宾补充当表语或谓语动词来翻译，若句意完整，则为宾补。 接现在分词作宾补. catch sb.doing sth. discover sb.doing sth. feel sb.doing sth. set sb.doing sth. find sb.doing sth. get sb.doing sth. hear sb.doing sth. keep sb.doing sth. listen to sb.doing sth. look at sb.doing sth. notice sb.doing sth. observe sb.doing sth. prevent sb.doing sth. see sb.doing sth. start sb.doing sth. stop sb.doing sth. watch sb.doing sth. 过去分词作宾语补足语 Past participles used as object complement (过去分词做宾语补足语) Grammar 一、过去分词做宾补的含义（理解） 用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系 。过去分词作宾补既可以表示被动 ，又可以表示完成 。 二、过去分词作宾补的用法（掌握） 1). 过去分词用于feel,see, hear, notice等感官动词 和think, find等心理状态的动词后作宾补。 2).过去分词用于get, have, make, keep, order等 使役动词后作宾补。 3).过去分词用于with复合结构中作宾补。 知识清单 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 01 情景导入 Scenario Scenario Grammar Practice The Fisherman and the Goldfish 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 02 语法探究 Grammar Scenario Grammar Practice 1、One day, the fisherman noticed a goldfish caught in net but he let it go. 2、The old man went back home and found everything returned back to how it was before. 过去分词可用于feel,see, hear, notice等感官动词和think, find等 心理状态的动词后作宾补。 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 探索发现 1、The old lady asked the fisherman to have her wishes fulfilled. 2、Then, the old lady made a castle built. 3、Next, the old lady ordered a palace prepared. 过去分词可用于get, have, make, keep, order等使役动词后作宾补。 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 探索发现 With all her wishes fulfilled ,but the lady was greedy and wanted herself served by the goldfish. 过去分词可用于with复合结构中作宾补。 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 探索发现 过去分词作宾补的用法 1). 过去分词用于feel,see, hear, notice等感官动词和think, find等心理状态的动词后作宾补。 2).过去分词用于get, have, make, keep, order等 使役动词后作宾补。 3).过去分词用于with复合结构中作宾补。 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 语法秘籍 如何区分过去分词，现在分词 作宾补呢？ 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 问题思考 举个栗子 I heard someone _______me. I heard my name ________. I found Tom _______ the window. I found the window _______. calling called breaking broken 与句子的宾语是主动关系 与句子的宾语是被动关系 表示动作的进行 表示动作的完成和结果 语法归纳 • 现在分词：与句子的宾语是主动关系， 它表示动作的进行。 • 过去分词：与句子的宾语是被动关系， 它表示动作的完成和结果 现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 I had my watch repaired. I had my room cleaned. I had my foot injured. had sth./sb. 主 语 done have sth./sb. done结构 过去分词在 使役动词后作宾补 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 探索发现 She found her hair cut. She found her clothes washed. She found her room cleaned. found sth./sb. 主 语 done find sth./sb. done结构 过去分词在心理状态动词后作宾补 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 探索发现 I saw him beaten by his mother. I saw him bitten by a dog. I saw him robbed by a man. saw sth./sb. 主 语 done see sth./sb. done结构 others 过去分词在 感官动词后作宾补 主题色 强调色 正文色 搭配色 探索发现 2. 感官动词： 一感 feel 二听 hear, listen to 三让 let,make,have 五看 see, watch,notice, look , observe 3. 情感心理动词： find，think，want, wish, like 1. 使役动词 keep, leave, get, have, make，order 掌握此类V+sth./sb. done 结构用法 语法总结 过去分词可用于使役动词、感官动词、 情感心理动词后作宾补。 03 练习检测 Practice Scenario Grammar Practice 1) You must get the work ______ before Friday.　　 A. do B. to do C. doing D. done D 使役动词后作宾补 2) We are pleased to see the problem ______ so quickly.　 A. settled B. having been settled C. be settled D. settling settle 解决 A 感官动词后作宾补 3). With trees, flowers and grass _____ everywhere, my native town had taken a new look. A. planting B. planted C. to plant D. to be planted B with复合结构中作宾补 That's all, thank you! 被动语态 Unit 2 The things around us 语态(Voice)是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。 被动语态(Passive Voice)表示句子的主语是动作的承受者。其句子的谓语动词是：be + v-ed形式。 动词的被动语态 由于语态是动词的一种形式，它只表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系，它没有表示动作发生的时间和方式，因此，被动语态形式的句子，仍然有各种时态变化。由于构成被动语态的行为动词变成了动词-ed形式，所 以，被动语态句子的时态都要体现在助动词be上。 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 will do 过去将来时 would do 现在完成时 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 动词时态和语态的结构 am/is/are done was/were done will be done would be done have/has been done had been done am/is/are being done was/ were being done 1．被动语态的构成 be + v-ed 1）一般现在时 am/is/are + v-ed You're wanted on the telephone. 有人给你打电话。 2）一般过去时 was/were + v-ed The book was finished last week. 这书是上周写完的。 3）一般将来时 will be + v-ed You'll be allowed to go out tomorrow. 明天让你出去。 4）现在进行时和过去进行时  ① The building is being built. 这幢楼正在建设之中。 ②The bikes were being repaired. 那时正在修自行车。 5）现在完成时和过去完成时 ①This book has been translated into English. 这本书已被译成英语。 ②The car had been repaired. 这时汽车已修完了。 学以致用 1. A new cinema ______ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built 2. —Why did you leave that position? —I ______ a better position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered 3. More than a dozen students in that school ______ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 学以致用 4. The moment the 28th Olympic Games ______ open, the whole world cheered. A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared 5. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it ______ seriously. A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged 2．被动语态的用法 1) 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执 行者是谁(这时都不带由by引起的短语)。  The book is written for teachers. 这种书是为教师写的。 2) 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带 由by引起的短语)。 The shop is run by a young man. 这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。 3) 出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动 作的执行者是谁。 It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here. 一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。 4) 被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排。 Liu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 刘德华在台上出现，观众给予了热烈的掌声。 3.学习、使用被动语态应注意下面几点 1) 短语动词的被动语态，要保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词切记不可遗漏。 These books must be taken good care of.  这些书必须好好保管。 The children were well looked after.  孩子们受到了良好的护理。 2) 带双宾语的动词的被动语态： (give, send, take, bring, teach, tell, offer, sing, buy, promise, make, write, ask, lend, show, pay等)将其中一个宾语变成主 语，另一个宾语作为保留宾语，或变为介词 宾语，作状语。 We gave him some picture-books. →He was given some picture-books. →Some picture-books were given to him. 我们给他一些图画书。 3) 情态动词的被动语态：和shall或will一样。 We can divide an atom. →An atom can be divided. 原子是可分的。 4) 有些动词主动语态形式表示被动语态如： sell, wash, draw, keep, prove, clean, run, wear, cook, read, smoke, cut, burn等。 The book sells well.  这本书畅销。 Silk wears well.  丝耐穿。 This cloth washes well.  这种布料耐洗。 4. Practice: 1．—“Town Hall is the tallest building in the city.” —“ ______ from here?” A. Can it see B. Can it be seen C. Can be seen it D. Can see 答案 B。 Town Hall (市政厅)应当是被看 见，所以应在B和C中选择。又因这是一个 问句，故选B。 2．—“The ceremony has already started.” —“Look! The flag is ______ now.” A．being raised        B．risen C．being rose           D．raising 答案 A。 rise vi.升起，不能有被动形式， 故B, C不能选用。 raise vt.举起，升起。 后要接宾语，故 D不适用。 being raised 正在被升起，正符合题意。 3．The assassination attempt ______ millions, because the speech was on television. A. was seen by B. was saw by C. seen by  D. was seen for 答案A。assassination暗杀。根据题意： 暗杀行为被数百万人所看见，故选A。 4. The things talked about in this report ______ over a year ago.  A. had taken place     B. took place C. have taken place    D. were taken place 答案B。take place, occur, happen发生，均为不及物动词词组，没有被动语态。 5．The anti-Japanese War ______  in 1937 and it ______  eight years. A．was broken out; lasted B．broke out; lasted C．break out; lasts D．broke out; was lasted 答案 B。 break out, last 均为不及物动词 （短语），没有被动语态。 6．Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand ______ . A．feels so cold                  B．is felt so coldly C．feels so coldly               D．feel so cold 答案 A。 feel（摸起来有……的感觉）seem, sound, look 等作为系动词使用，系表结构没 有被动语态。 7. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______ .  A. will be taken     B. are taken C. were taken        D. had been taken 如果不采取措施，河水将会进一步受到污染。 答案B。主句中为一般将来时，unless 引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将 来，而“措施”应该是  “被采取”，用被 动语态。 8. Good care must ______ babies particularly while they are ill. A. take                  B. take of C. be taken           D. be taken of 婴儿必须得到精心的照顾，尤其是在他们 生病时。 答案 D。 take care of babies意为“照看 婴儿”。句子主语为care，谓语动词必 须用被动语态，所以答案为D。 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 高考链接 2. As the years passed, many occasions — birthdays, awards, graduations — ________ with Dad’s flowers. A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked 高考链接 3. Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) _______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought 高考链接 4. —Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? —Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now. A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading 高考链接 1．“get ＋过去分词”形式 表示被动 我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 你没有太多时间换衣服了。 →My bike got stolen last night. →You don’t have enough time to get changed. 2.主动形式表示被动意义 (1).这件毛衣很好洗。 This sweater __washes____(wash) well. (2)．你的文章好读。 Your article ___reads____ (read) well. (3)．这些花闻起来很香。 The flowers ______smell__ (smell) sweet. (4). 这种布料易干. This kind of cloth dries easily. 典型例题.Water at 100℃. In such hot weather, it won’t take much time to boil water. A. boils B. is boiled C. will boil D. is boiling 主动形式表示被动意义也是高考考查动词的时 态和语态的热点之一。当谓语动词被用来说明主语 的性质或特征时，往往用主动表示被动，因为此时 的谓语动词并不强调是一个被动的动作。 【解题探究】 A。“水在100℃会沸腾”这是一种客观 事实，也是水的一种性质，故选A。又如：The knife cuts sharply.这把刀很锋利。 3 一些系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./ The flower smells wonderful./ The news proved/turned out true./ Cotton feels soft. 【经典考例】 —I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend. —________ good. （2006湖北卷，29） A. Sound            B. Sounded        C. Sounding                      D. Sounds 解析：答案为D。滑雪听起来是个不错的主意。sound 作为系动词，它没有被动语态和进行时态。 4 不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有： hard,difficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable, convenient,impossible等。 例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./ The project is impossible to complete in a year. 比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered. 没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。 5 使役动词和感官动词带有复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语保留原来的宾补，并还原在主动语态中省略了的不定式符号to .I hear the girl sing English songs. → The girl is heard to sing English songs. 主动语态 → make/let/have/see/hear sb do sth 被动语态→ sb be made/let/had/seen/heard to do sth 典型例题 The workers were made ________ ten hours a day. A. work        B. to work        C. working       D. worked 6 want, need, require,和be worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 The book is worth reading. （值得一读）The coat requires mending. （需要缝补） The children needs looking after. （需要照看）The table wants cleaning. （需打扫） 7非谓语动词的被动语态 The building to be built is a new cinema. The car being repaired is mine. 例题11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在进行。本题题意为：在开始上课时，在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。表示开关课桌的动作正在进行，因此用现在分词作定语。 8被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表示动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表示状态。 These things are sold quickly.（被动语态） 这些东西卖得很快。 These things are all sold out.（系表结构） 这些东西已经卖完了。 常使用系表结构的词有：be seated坐着，be hidden躲藏，be lost迷路，be drunk喝醉，be dressed穿着，be devoted to致力于；献身，be determined决定 判断被动语态与系表结构 （1）Such questions are often settled through negotiations. 这类问题通常通过谈判解决。 （2）The question is settled. 这个问题解决了。 （被动语态） （系表结构） 表状态的这些词，做状语 Seated in the front row, Tom was listening carefully. Dressed in red, she looks pretty. Lost in the mountain for a week , he was finally rescued by the local police. Devoted to the Party, the young soldier gave his life for his country 课堂练习 1【2011天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films____ all over the world. A.have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 【答案】B 【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。 【解析】句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选B。 2 【2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams__________ to test our communicative ability. A. design B. are designed C. are designing D. are being designed 【答案】B 【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。 【解析】句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，故选B。 3 .【2011四川卷,9】All visitors to this village _______ with kindness. A. treat B. are treated C. are treating D. had been treated 【答案】B 【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。 【解析】句意为“所有到这个村子的来访者都会受到善意的接待。”表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。 4 .【2011湖南卷,34】In the near future, more advances in the robot technology_______by scientists. A. are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made 【答案】D 【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。 【解析】句意为“在不久的将来，科学家将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进展。”in the near future表明了将来的时间，more advances与 make主谓关系上存在着被动，故选D。 5. I need one more stamp before my collection______. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。 6 6. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell C。本题考查动词的时态和语态。由句意可知此处应用被动语态，故排除A、D两项；由were so lovely与sell不分先后关系可排除B项。 7 7. As the years passed, many occasions — birthdays, awards, graduations — ______ with Dad’s flowers. A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked B。as从句用了一般过去时，主从句时态应一致。occasions与mark之间为被动关系。 8. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet. A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided A。本题考查动词的时态与语态。句意为：詹姆斯教授要给我们作关于西方文化的讲座，但时间和地点还没决定。由yet可看出用完成时，又因时间与地点是被决定的，故应用被动语态。 9 9. I got caught in the rain and my suit ______. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined . C。ruin表示的动作发生在got caught之后，故排除B、D两项。此处表示被动，所以C项正确。 10 10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ______ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained D。本题考查非谓语动词。作目的状语时用不定式，而不用分词，可首先排除A、B两项；另外，he承受train这一动作，应用被动语态，故D项正确。 11 At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ______ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在进行。本题题意为：在开始上课时，在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。表示开关课桌的动作正在进行，因此用现在分词作定语。 Thank you for your attention! 不定式用法 Unit 3 The way we are To learn the function of infinitives in a sentence To use infinitives to complete the exercises 121 不定式:是一种非谓语动词。 1.非谓语动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词， 2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。 3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。 不定式的定义: 122 不定式的形式: 一.基本形式： to+动词原形 二.其否定形式是:“not/never to do”/not do. 三.不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing --------- --------- 123 判断下列不定式在句中作何成分 1. It is our duty to clean the room every day.. 2. I hope to find a good job in a foreign company. 3. My dream is to be an artist. 4. The new hospital to be built is near the factory.. 5. We found it difficult to work with him. 6. We saw him to enter the building and go upstairs.. 7. He is looking for a room to live in. 8. I study hard to serve the people well. 9.To cath the early bus, she got up early. 124 不定式作主语通常位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To get up early is necessary. 早起是必要的。 ______________ is very important for everyone in society.  学习一项技能对社会上的每个人都很重要。 ______________________in a month is difficult. 要在一个月内完成这座建筑是困难的。 不定式作主语 To learn a skill To finish the building 125 2. 动词不定式与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。 e.g. How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用计算机是个问题。 Where to go has not been decided. 去哪儿还没有定下来。 不定式作主语 126 3. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语—不定式放到谓语的后面。 e.g. It’s not easy to work out the problem. = To work out the problem is not easy. 计算出这道题不容易。 It is interesting ______________________. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 It is terrible ______________________________. 目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。 不定式作主语 to play with snow in winter to see the ship sinking into the sea 127 it作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中： It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 【温馨提示】 不定式作主语 128 常用于表示事物的特征，用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。 e.g. It’s important for us to keep the water clean. 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 1) It is ＋ adj. ＋for sb. to do sth. sb. 是to do sth.的逻辑主语 It is +adj.+ for/of sb. to do sth. 不定式作主语 129 常见的此类形容词有： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。 e.g. It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home 这家人对我很友好，使我感到宾至如归。 2) It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 形容词用来表示不定式的逻辑主语(sb.)的性质、特征或品德 不定式作主语 130 常见的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。 It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. e.g. What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. 真遗憾你错过了这样一个精彩的电影。   It must be great fun __________________________ . 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 不定式作主语 to fly to the moon in a spaceship 131 It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(钱) e.g. It took me an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我做作业用了一个小时。 It will take us a lot of money __________________ . 买那套房子要花费我们很多钱。 不定式作主语 to buy that house 132 3. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的 ,可以在不定式前加一个由 for/of 引起的短语,构成__________。 2. 不定式作主语时,可以用it作_______________. It is+adj+ for sb to do …… 5. It is+adj+ of sb to do……… （修饰人品形容词） （修饰物的形容词） 1.单个不定式作主语，谓语动词_________ 单数 形式主语 不定式的复合结构 Summary 6. It is+n.+for sb to do …… 7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 133 1. [2019·全国I卷] It is difficult _____________ (figure) out a global population of polar bears. 2. Then we will know how important it is ______us to have meaning in our life. 3. [2019·天津3月卷] Coming out of this experience, I realize it is OK __________(be) different from others. 4. [2018·全国Ⅱ卷] Exercise energizes you, so ______ is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 【温馨提示】 Practice: to figure for to be it 134 Ⅰ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1.It is wise (take) such gifts with gratitude. 2.He will find it is easy (make) friends in this city. 3. (get) there by bike will take us half an hour. 4.It is an offence (drop) litter in the street. 5.When (leave) for London has not been decided yet. 6.It’s necessary for you (lock) the car when you do not use it. 7. We can’t afford ________ (live) in such a big house. 8. The man expects his wife ________ (bring) him breakfast in bed at weekends. 9. Afraid of _____________ (bite) by snakes, the boy was afraid ________ (touch) them. 10. James Watt is known ___________________(invent) the steam engine. 11.The book was said ______________________ (translate) into German in 1946. 12.The meeting _______________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. 13.A quarrel seems _____________________ (break out) between the two women and they are still glaring at each other now. to take to make To get to drop to leave to lock to have broken out to live to bring being bitten to touch to have invented to have been translated to be held Ⅱ.补全句子 1. is a good habit. 每天读书是个好习惯。 2. is nice. 和他们交朋友真是令人愉快。 3. to do me a favor. 你能帮助我真是太好了。 4. does good to your health. 晚饭后散步对健康有好处。 5.It is impossible for lost time . 弥补失去的时间是不可能的。 6.It is difficult for us in a quarter of an hour. 我们很难在15分钟内完成这篇作文。 Reading books every day To make friends with them It’s kind of you Walking after supper to be made up to finish writing the composition Ⅲ语法填空 Mike drove to a remote border town alone. He didn’t stop the car 1. ________ (take) a break although he was feeling tired. As a result, a traffic accident occurred, which caused him 2. _________________ (trap) inside the car. Fortunately a girl who happened to pass by volunteered 3. ________ (save) him, only 4. ________ (find) Mike was completely locked in the car. After calling an ambulance, she managed 5. ________ (give) him first aid, using the method she had learned at school. Soon, Mike was rushed to hospital in an ambulance. It took him three months 6. ___________ (recover) from his injuries. The girl named Mary felt pleased 7. ____________ (do) such a great thing, though she realized the car may have exploded. When interviewed, she said, “I’ve also met with a traffic accident. A kind passer-by saved my life but he was killed. I was the only one 8. _______________ (survive) the crash. The man was said 9. ______________ (work) on the road helping people in need for ten years. I was too moved even to speak when hearing the story. Therefore, I determined 10. ________ (stay) here and give people in need a helping hand.” to stay to take to be trapped to save to find to give to recover to have done to have survived to have worked Why does he come so early? Discovery His aim is to take the first bus. 138 1 结构 Be (am/is/are/was/were) + 不定式 e.g. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children. 2 功能 （1）解释主语描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。 主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work/job/ability/attempt/chance/ desire/ need/ opportunity/ refusal/ wish/ aim/ purpose/ decision/ choice...等名词 e.g. My dream is to be a singer. His work is to clean the classroom every day. 不定式作表语 （2）表示“安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等 e.g. I am to set out for China next week. 下周我要动身到中国去。 （安排） You are to have a face-to-face talk with them. 你应该和他们当面谈一谈。（劝告） Children are not to smoke. 儿童不准吸烟。（禁止） 不定式作表语 3. 两种特殊用法 （1）不定式短语to let，to blame，to seek 等常用主动形式表示被动含义 The house is to let. Who is to blame for the population decline of the tigers in that area? The reason for global warming is not far to seek. 全球变暖的原因不难找到。 （ 2）当主语部分含有动词 do 的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to Anything we can do is (to) guarantee it will be delivered on time. In the evening the only thing he did was (to) read on the blog. 不定式作表语 4. 当主语含定语从句且其先行词为代词all或形容词最高级the least, the most时：+系动词+不定式作句子的表语。 eg All he wanted was to be left alone. The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself. 5. 当不定式作表语时，句子主语可以使what引导的主语从句。 eg What I want to do now is (to) have a rest. 不定式作表语 3. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people ________(wash) their hands with soap and water. 4. The next step is ________ sure that you know exactly what is required. 5. The purpose of education is __________ (develop) a fine personality in children. to wash to make to develop 1. The motto of the little boy who was suffering from a muscle disease was _______ (live) one day at a time. 2. It is you, including your cousin, that ____________ (blame) for the loss of the golden chance. to live are to blame Complete the sentences. 1. 要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？ ________________ if they ask me the question? 2. 她应该为所发生的事情受到责备。 _________________ for what has happened. 3. 你要做的事情是面对现实。 The thing for you to do ________________. 4. 我筋疲力尽，想能马上就去度假。 I am exhausted and tired out. What I want to do __________ __________. What am I to say She is to blame is (to) face the facts is to take a holiday 不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语 e.g. We begin to read English at 6:30a.m. She forgot to close the door. 不定式作宾语 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： want, plan, hope, wish, learn, decide, would like, begin, start, try, need, forget, choose, prepare, agree, promise, manage, encourage, fail, happen, mean, refuse, offer, learn，etc. 145 forget, remember, prefer, like等动词除了跟 不定式作宾语，可以跟动名词做宾语吗？ 挖坑 动词不定式作宾语的注意事项 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如： e.g. I found it necessary to talk to him again. I found it important to learn English. 不定式作宾语 think/ find / consider+ it+ adj. + to do 147 1、Don’t forget _________________.(关灯) 2、I happened ________when he called me. （出去） 3、I don’t want________________. (依赖别人） 4、Sam is learning________________. (怎样开车） 5、We promise __________ the environment.(保护) to turn off the light to go out to depend on others how to drive a car Practice to protect Complete the following sentences. 1.I _______________ (希望收到…来信) you soon. 2.John ________________ (不想当) the host of the charity show. 3.They’re ____________ (试着解决) the problem by himself. 4.Millions of people _________________ (已学会使用) computers. hope to hear from doesn’t want to be trying to solve have learned to use Rainbow expects you to have a bright future. 考点一：跟“不定式”作宾语补足语的动词／动词短语 allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on, require, forbid, advise, recommend,, permit, 等 sb to do sth e.g. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _________ (speak) to the new students. 不定式作宾补: to speak 150 require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + sb. +to do sth.(接动词的不定式作宾补) 但如果直接用动词作宾语时，还是用to do吗？ require, forbid, advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage + doing sth.(接动名词作宾语) I advise you to have a rest. I advise having a rest. 不定式作宾补难点: 五看 watch see look at observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉: feel 当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to: 被动语态不省to） 不定式作宾补难点: 1.John was made the car for a week as a punishment A.to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 2.The patient was warned food after the operation. A.to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 3.Internet bars mustn’t let anybody bad things , especially children. A. watch B.to watch C. watching D. watches Practice A C A 153 I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______ (catch). 我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。 不定式作定语 to catch 考点一：不定式与其所修饰的词之间常是动宾关系 He is always the first _________ at the school and the last to leave the school.　 他总是第一个(人)到校，最后一个(人)离校。 考点二：序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词或代词后，常用不定式作定语。 to arrive 154 不定式作定语 The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.　 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。(湖南卷) 考点三：被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。如ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 to express 155 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。 e.g. We have a lot of homework to do . 如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词. e.g. He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. something, anything, nothing…+adj.+ to do e.g. I have something interesting to tell you. 不定式作定语: 156 1.Do you have anything more_______ ﹙要说﹚? 2.She has a lot of work _______﹙做﹚ every day . 3. The old man has a house _________ ﹙住﹚. 4. She is a nice person__________ ﹙共事﹚ . to say to do to live in to work with Practice 不定式作状语 ___________(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.　(2019·江苏卷) 为了享受数字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。 To enjoy 考点一：作目的状语。可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 158 不定式作状语 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ (find) his plane high up in the sky. 　 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 to find 考点二：作结果状语。常用于下列结构中：only to do(表示意想不到的结果)；enough to do(足够做……)；too...to do...(太……而不能做……)；so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等 159 不定式作状语 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ________(see) anything that happened to be on. to see 考点三：作原因状语。常与表示喜怒哀乐、运气好坏的形容词(happy, ashamed, sorry, glad, delighted, angry, discouraged, shocked...)连用 160 1.To see you is glad. =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.I’m glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you 9. How to solve this problem is very important. （作主语） (作宾语） （作宾补） (作表语） （作定语） （作原因状语） （作目的状语） （作结果状语） 和疑问词连用 Summary (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell) 1.My teacher was made ___________ his teaching because of poor health. to give up explaining/to be explained to be finished not to eat 3.We find it impossible for the work _____________ ahead of time. 4.The patient was warned ____________ oily food after the operation. 2.The sentence wants________________________ once more. 5.I meant _____________ you about it, but I forgot to do so. to have told __________(improve) my English grammar, I watched some videos made by Rainbow. I wanted ________(make) sure that my grammar was as good as it could be. Rainbow helped me ____________ (understand) some complex grammatical points. It is impossible _________(know) everything in a short time, but I improved a lot, and I would really like _________(thank) her for what she did. ________ (help) me like this was very kind. To improve to make (to) understand to know to thank To help 163 1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 __________________ are both great happiness. 2中国人民决不会征服。 The Chinese people refuse _________________ 3据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said __________________________. 4 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported ____________________ To love and to be loved to give in/ be conquered to have finished/completed his work to have arrived safely 5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike ___________________________. 6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。 Mary seemed _____________________________. 7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。 He is known __________________ a gold medal at the Olympic. to be repaired at once/ immediately to have been told about it to have been given Complete some sentences: 1、_________________________________(为了提高英语成绩), Tom goes to the English corner every day. 2、I was__________________________(太累了，难于入睡。) 3、She ran fast _______________________(为了赶上早班车). 4、He is____________________________(富有得可以买辆小汽车). In order to improve his English too tired to fall asleep. to catch the first bus rich enough to buy a car. 考点突破 考点一 不定式作主语 一 不定式作主语和表语 ◆No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent. 1．不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的 动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而 将不定式后置。 1) It + be + difficult/easy/hard…+for sb to do sth 2) It +be + careless/clever/kind… +of sb to do sth 3) It +be +名词 +to do sth 4) It + took/takes sb + some time +to do sth 一 不定式作主语和表语 ◆His wish is to be a doctor in the future. ◆What I want to do most in senior high school is (to) improve my English. (如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to) 不定式作表语时： (1)表示预定要发生的动作； (2)当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语； (3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 enjoying to bargain 考点突破 考点二 不定式作状语 二 不定式作状语 ◆ During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. ◆ Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. ◆ This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 考点归纳（ 不定式作状语） 1．作目的状语， 可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 2．作结果状语，常用于下列结构中： only to do(表示意想不到的结果)； enough to do(足够做……)； too...to do...(太……而不能……)； so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 3．作原因状语， 常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。不 定式用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类形容词:happy, glad, sorry, anxious, angry, pleased, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。 名师点津 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，形容词表示主语的性质或特征，如： easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous 等。 句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 The man is not easy to get along well with .　 Offered to save ( ） 考点突破 考点三 不定式作定语 一 不定式作定语 ◆The play to be produced next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. ◆He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.　 ◆And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 考点归纳（不定式作定语） 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。 2. 序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。 3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。 常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 名师点津 不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。 ◆Have you got anything to buy? ◆I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought? 名师点津 不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 ◆Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on. to catch spent saying 考点突破 考点四 非谓语动词作宾语 一 非谓语动词作宾 语 ◆The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and comprehensive review of the case. ◆There is no doubt that the event will attract more visitors to enjoy visiting this wonderful city. ◆I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. ◆The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by describing various sounds. 考点归纳 （非谓语 动词作宾语） 1．只接不定式作宾语的动词： decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish； refuse, manage， care, pretend ,offer, promise, choose, plan；agree, ask/beg, help等 2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语： consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon；admit, fancy avoid, miss，deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate，forbid/avoid, imagine, risk；mind, allow/permit, escape等 184 考点归纳 （非谓语 动词作宾 语） 3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词： (1)try to do 尽力try doing 试着去做 (2)mean to do打算做；mean doing 意味着 (3)regret to do遗憾要去做regret doing后悔做过 (4)remember to do 记得去做remember doing记得做过 (5)forget to do忘记去做forget doing 忘记做了 4．动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。 由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语， 常见的有：be/get used to(习惯于), feel like(想要), insist on(坚 持), get down to(开始认真做某事), devote...to...(致力于……), object to(反对), stick to(坚持), give up(放弃)， have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，have fun (in) doing sth.等 185 名师点津 3.动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。　 4.当非谓语动词位于but, except后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当其前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。 ◆We had no choice but to wait. ◆I could do nothing except/but agree. 名师点津 不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语,结构： find/think/ believe/ consider + it +宾补 + to do 　 ◆ I find it interesting to study history. 187 to eat trying to be discovered trying 考点突破 考点五 非谓语动词作宾补 一 不定式作宾补 ◆If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将来、主动。常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。 高考点津 ◆He is thought to have acted foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. Sb/sth be said/believed/reported/considered /thought＋to do/to have done （不定式用作主语补足语） It be+ said/believed/reported/considered… +that 191 becoming organized (3) Tom is said ________________ (go) abroad last week. have gone 如何解答非谓语动词题目 解题指导 1. 分析句子结构，辨别“谓语和非谓语” (全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers_____________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 2．寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系 (重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ____________ (return) to our shop for quality problems. 3．分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序 _______________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. conducted returned　 Having worked 　 单句语法填空 1．(2019·湖南六校联考)Of course,     (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. 2．Whatever you feel like, please tell me. It is not necessary        (bargain) on this small amount. [高考演练]——单句语法填空 1．(四川卷)      (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. 2．(2017·北京卷)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online           (save) their valuable time. 单句语法填空 1．(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train           (catch)． 2．(2017·北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time          (spend) with his students. 3．(江西卷)On receiving a phone call from his wife       (say) she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. [高考演练]——单句语法填空 1．I didn’t mean      (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help    (try) it. 2.There were many talented actors out there just waiting       (discover)． 3．Life isn’t a match. It’s a journey. If you spend that journey always      (try) to impress others, you’re wasting your life. 单句语法填空 1．Do you find yourself easily      (become) impatient or annoyed with people over unimportant things? 2．You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts     (organize), and how they understand things. $$