Unit 1 The media-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（沪教版）

Unit 1 The media 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 ☆同步语法二：宾语从句 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 宾语补足语（简称宾补）用于补充说明宾语的状态、动作或特征。动词的ig形式（现在分 词)与ed形式（过去分词）门作宾补时，表达的逻辑关系不同： 形式 逻辑关系 含义侧重 宾语与补足语之间为主动/进行 强调动作正在发生，或宾语是动作的执 -ing形式 关系 行者 宾语与补足语之间为被动/完成 强调动作已完成，或宾语是动作的承受 ed形式 关系 者 高考常将二者与感官动词、使役动词、wth复合结构等考点结合考查，是语法填空、短文改错 和阅读长难句分析中的重难点。 （二)核心用法与结构 1.感官动词+宾语+宾补 常见感官动词：see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,feel,find,smell,,look at 等。 宾补形式 用法说明 例句 -ing形式 表示动作正在进行，宾 I saw him crossing the street.(我看见他正 语主动发出动作 在过马路) 表示动作已完成或被 -ed形式 saw the street crossed by a pedestrian. 动，宾语承受动作 (我看见街道被行人穿过了) 不带to的动词原 表示动作全过程 (强调 I saw him cross the street.(我看见他穿过了 形 事实) 马路) ★考点提示：感官动词后宾补用doing与done的区别是高考常考点，尤其注意find+宾 语+done(发现某事已被做)与find+宾语+doing(发现某人在做某事)的对立。 2.使役动词+宾语+宾补 常见使役动词：haVe,get,make,keep,leave,set等。 宾补形式 用法说明 例句 ed形式 表示让别人做某事，或遭 (have/get I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.(我明天要 受某种情况（被动） 去理发) sth.done) -ing形式 表示使某人持续处于某种 (keep/leave The teacher kept us waiting for nearly 主动状态 an hour..(老师让我们等了将近一小时) sb.doing) 带to的不定式 表示使某人做某事（主 She made the children clean the room. (make sb.do 除外) 动，但make后省to) (她让孩子们打扫房间) ★高频考点：have/get sth.done的三种含义：①让某人做某事②遭遇某事（如have my wallet stolen)③完成某事（自己参与或由他人完成）。keep sb,doing与leave sth. undone(把某事搁置未做)需特别记诵。 3.with复合结构 结构：with+宾语+宾补(doing/done/todo/形容词/介词短语等)，在句中作状语或 定语。 宾补形式 用法说明 例句 宾语主动发出动 -ing形式 With so many people helping us,we finished 作，动作正在进行 on time.(有这么多人帮忙，我们按时完成了) 宾语被动承受动 With all the work done,we went home.(所有工 ed形式 作，或动作已完成 作做完后，我们回家了) 4.其他常见动词 如want,need,require,Iike,prefer等表示"需要"的动词，后接宾语+done(过去分词 作宾补)，相当于被动含义。 例：The manager wants the report finished by Friday.(经理希望报告在周五前完成。) (三)核心含义区分：-ing与-ed作宾补对此 个 对比维度 动词-ing形式(doing) 动词-ed形式(done) 对 宾语的“角色” 动作的执行者（主动） 动作的承受者（被动） 动作正在进行（与谓语同时 动作时间 动作已经完成（或表状态） 或延续) 典型标志词 see sb.doing,keep sb see sth.done,have sth.done,with doing,with sb.doing sth.done 不及物动词的-ed形式不表被动，只表 通常不用于被动，但可表示 完成（如see the leaves fallen,但 不及物动词的例外 正在进行的状态（如hear the bird singing) fallen在此处作宾语补足语较少见，通 常作定语) ★易错点：某些动词后既可接doing也可接done作宾补，意义完全不同。 find I found him sleeping on the sofa,(我发现他正睡在沙发上) |found him wounded in the accident..(我发现他在事故中受伤了) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.感官动词后doing/done的选择 例l:When I walked past,.I saw a boy crying in the corner..(主动进行) 例2：When I got home,I found the window broken.(被动完成) 2.使役动词have/get sth.done的活用 1:I need to get my computer repaired as soon as possible. 例2：She had her purse stolen on the bus.(遭遇) 3.wth复合结构在句中的翻译与改写 1:With the guide leading the way,we soon reached the top. 2:With the problem solved,the boss left the office. 4.非谓语动词作宾补与定语从句的转换 1:I heard the song sung by a famous singer. I heard the song which was sung by a famous singer. 例2：He kept us waiting for two hours. =He kept us and we were waiting for two hours.(转换后结构松散，但可帮助理解) 5.不规则动词的-ed形式拼写 例：The teacher had the students rewritten the essay.(注意rewrite的过去分词是 rewritten,不是rewrited) 例：We saw the kite flown high up in the sky,(fy→fown,非fiew) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The manager had the work by the end of last week. A.finish B.finishing C.finished D.to finish 2.I saw an old man across the street when the accident happened. A.walking B.walked C.to walk D.having walked 3.With so many problems the new government is facing great pressure A.to solve B.solving C.solved D.being solved 4.The teacher kept the students in the classroom for an extra hour. A.to stay B.staying C.stayed D.being stayed 5.I heard the song in English at the concert.It sounded wonderful. A.singing B.sang C.sung D.to sing 6.He got his car last week because the engine had been making strange noises. A.check B.checking C.checked D.to check 7.When I entered the room,I found a stranger on my bed. A.lying B.lied C.lay D.lain 8.The boss left the workers in the workshop until midnight. A.to work B.working C.worked D.being worked 9.With his homework Tom felt relieved and went out to play. A.finishing B.finished C.to finish D.being finished 10.The general had the soldiers the bridge before dawn. A.to repair B.repairing C.repaired D.repair (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的-ing形式或-ed形式填空。 1.I heard someone (call)my name in the distance 2.The victim was found (tie)to a chair in the basement. 3.We had the photo (enlarge)to put on the wall. 4.The mother kept the baby (amuse)with a colorful toy. 5.On arriving home,she found the door (lock)and her key missing 6.With the electricity (cut)off,we had to light candles. 7.The detective saw a suspicious man (slip)into the back door. 8.The manager got the report (type)and handed it to the board. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的-ig或~ed形式，必要时可加助动词（如 being),但不可加其他词。 Last night,I heard a strange noise (1.come)from the attic.I went upstairs with a flashlight,only to find a window (2.leave)open by my brother.The wind had blown some papers (3.scatter)all over the floor. I saw a cat (4.hide)behind an old chest.It must have got in through the broken window.I had the window (5.fix)the next morning.Meanwhile,my mother kept me (6.help)her sort out the mess.With everything (7.tidy)up,we finally sat down for a rest. Later,I heard my father (8.talk)to the repairman on the phone.He wanted the broken lock(9.replace)as soon as possible.We all felt relieved with the problem (10.solve). That night,I had a dream in which I saw myself (11.fly)over the city.I felt so free.But then I woke up with a start,finding the alarm clock(12.ring) loudly beside my bed. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.C;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.C;6.C;7.A;8.B;9.B;10.D (二)用所 给词的适当 1.calling 2.tied 3.enlarged 4.amused 5.locked 6.cut; 形式填空 7.slipping 8.typed (三)篇章 1.coming 2.left 3.scattered 4.hiding 5.fixed 6.helping 语法填空 7.tidied 8.talking 9.replaced 10.solved 11.flying 12.ringing 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 英语的句子由主语、谓语、宾语、补语、表语等核心成分按固定顺序构成。基本句型是理 解一切复杂句（并列句、复合句）的基础，也是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中保证句 子正确性的关键。掌握五大基本句型，能帮你快速分析长难句、准确使用动词形式。 (二)核心用法与结构 宾语从句从功能上可分为三类：动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句、以及形容词后的 宾语从句。其结构必须遵循“连接词+主语+谓语"的陈述语序，这是高考必考点。 类别 连接词 例句 考点提示 动词 I believe that he is honest. that无意义可省略； 后的 that, She asked whether I could whether/if,特 whether/if表“是否”，不可 宾语 殊疑问词 help./Do you know where 与or noti直接搭配；特殊疑 从句 he lives? 问词保留原意 介词 He is interested in what I that引导的宾语从句一般不 后的 that,whether, said./I'm worried about 宾语 特殊疑问词 能直接跟在介词后，需用t作 whether she will come. 形式宾语或改为同位语从句 从句 形容 I am sure that he will pass 词后 常见形容词：sure,certain, the exam.She is not 的宾 that,whether certain whether he will afraid,happy,sorry, 语从 confident等 come 句 (三)核心用法与连接词选择 1.that引导的宾语从句 that在从句中无实际意义，不作成分，口语及非正式文体中常省略（但若从句位于句 首、或与主句谓语动词之间有插入语时，不可省略)。 例句： He said (that)he would come. That he will succeed is obvious.(主语从句，不可省that) 高考常考点：在动词suggest,order,,insist,demand,recommend等后的宾语从 句中，that从句使用虚拟语气(should+动词原形，should可省略)。 The doctor suggested that he (should)take a rest. 注意：当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等时，若从句含否定含 义，需将否定转移到主句。 例：Idon't think he is right.(我认为他不对，非"我不认为他对") 2.whether/,if引导的宾语从句 ①从句位于句首； ②与or noti直接连用(whether or not/whether.or not); ③在介词后； ④引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句； ⑤后接不定式(whether to do)。 例句： Whether it is true or not,Idon't know.(句首，只用whether). I don't know whether he will come or not..(与or not:连用) It depends on whether he agrees.(介词后) 高考易错：if一般不能用于介词后，也不能直接与or not)连用（常见错误：*on if he comes,应为on whether he comes))。 3.连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句（特殊疑问词作连接词） 连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which 连接副词：when,where,why,how 这些词在从句中承担成分（主语、宾语、状语等)，语序必须为陈述语序。 例句： Idon't know who she is.(who作表语，陈述语序) Can you tell me where the station is?(where作状语，陈述语序，非where is the station?) 易错点：在疑问句中，主句为疑问结构时，从句仍用陈述语序。 误：Do you know where does he live? 正：Do you know where he lives? (四)时态呼应（高考核心规则） 主句时态 从句时态 例证 根据需要选择任意 一般现在时 时态 He says that he is/was/will be busy. 主句时态 从句时态 例证 一般过去时/过去将 He said that he was busy./He said 一般过去时 he would come.He said he had 来时/过去完成时 finished. 一般过去时（从句表客观 始终用一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth 真理/自然现象/谚语) moves around the sun. 主句为建议、命命类动词 (should)+动词原 He suggested that we(should)start (suggest,,orders等) 形（虚拟） early. (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.陈述语序必考题：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句始终用“连接词+主语+ 谓语"的陈述语序。 √正：Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is?(陈述语序) X误：Could you tell me where is the nearest hospital?(疑问语序) 2.否定转移：主句主语为第一人称(I/We),谓语为think,believe,.suppose,expect,. imagine等时，从句的否定词not要转移到主句。 正：Idon't think he will come.(意为“我认为他不会来"，非“我不认为他会 来”) X误：I think he will not come.(不符合英语习惯，虽语法正确但语义生硬) 3that的省略与保留：在及物动词后的宾语从句中，that常可省略；但在主语从句、表 语从句、同位语从句中，that不可省略；当宾语从句前有插入语时，that不可省略。 /正：He told me(that)he was tired. /正：The news that he won the prize is exciting.(同位语从句，that 不可省) x误：He said,.that he was happy..(不可有逗号后加that) 4.介词后宾语从句：通常只用whether,不用if;且that引导的介词宾语从句需用it作形 式宾语。 √正：'m interested in whether he will come. /正：You may rely on it that he will help you.(it作形式宾语，that从句作真 正宾语) x误：'m interested in if he will come.(if不能用在介词后) X误：I'm interested in that he will come.(介词后不能直接跟that从句) 5.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用：suggest,order,demand,propose,insist, request,recommend等动词后的宾语从句用“should+动词原形"，should可省略。 √正：The doctor suggested that he(should)take a walk after dinner. X误：The doctor suggested that he takes a walk after dinner..(应用动词原 形) (六)t作形式宾语的宾语从句 当宾语从句后接有补足语（如形容词、名词）时，常用t作形式宾语，将真正的宾语从句 后置。 结构：主语+谓语+it+宾补+that从句 例句： I think it important that we should study hard He made it clear that he wouldn't change his mind. 高考注意：t不可省略，that从句不可直接跟在动词后作宾语加补语。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共10小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Could you tell me the nearest supermarket is? A.what B.where C.that D.how 2.l don't know he will come or not. A.if B.whether C.that D.what 3.The teacher asked us we had finished the experiment. A.that B.what C.whether D.which 4.I'm not sure she will agree with me A.that B.if C.when D.what 5.The manager suggested that the meeting put off. A.was B.be C.being D.to be 6.He made clear that he disagreed with the plan. A.that B.it C.this D.what 7.I think he hasn't told the truth. A.that B.what C.whether D 不填 8.We were surprised at he said at the meeting. A.that B.which C.what D.whether 9.Do you know the new library will be opened? A.when B.that when C.when that D.that 10.The problem is he can arrive on time. A.that B.whether C.what D.which (二)用适当的连接词填空（共8小题） 根据句子语境，填入恰当的宾语从句连接词(that,whether,if,what,who,whom, whose,which,.when,where,why,how等)。 1.I wonder she will accept the invitation or refuse it. 2.He asked me I had been to Beijing before. 3.Do you know they are waiting for? 4.Please tell me you have finished your homework. 5.The scientist explained light travels faster than sound. 6.She was curious about had broken the window. 7.I can't remember we first met. 8.The teacher wants to know dictionary is on the desk. (三)单句语法填空（共8小题） 在空白处填入括号内所给动词或连接词的正确形式。 1.I think it necessary that we (prepare)for the final exam carefully. 2.He suggested that the plan _ (carry）out at once. 3.The policeman asked the boy he had seen the accident (whether). 4.It depends on the weather will be fine tomorrow (whether). 5.She doesn't know she should choose (which). 6.We all believe he is an honest man (that). 7.The boss insisted that the workers (finish)the task before Friday. 8.Could you tell me how I (can)get to the airport? (四)完成句子（共2小题） 根据中文提示，完成句子，每个空填写一个单词。 1.我不知道他为什么迟到。 I don't know late. 2.老师告诉我们光速比声速快。 The teacher told us light faster than sound. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.D;8.C;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)用适 当的连接词 1.whether 2.whether/if 3.who/whom 4.whether/if 5.that 6. 填空 who 7.when/where 8.whose (三)单句 1.(should)prepare 2.(should)be carried 3.whether/if 4. 语法填空 whether 5.which 6.that 7.(should)finish 8.can (四)完成 句子 1.why he is;2.that travels