必修3 主谓一致涵盖语法一致意义一致就近原则三种核心规则-备战2025-2026学年高中英语上学期期末语法全解（沪教版）

ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 必修3U5主谓一致 考频分析 主谓一致是高中英语语法的重要考点，考频占语法总量的5%左右，涉及试卷多种核心题型：单项选择 (1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、短文改错(1-2题)。在各类题目中，主语的单复数形 式、意义一致原侧及就近原则的综合运用往往是解题关键。 老查内容 高中英语对主谓一致的考察聚焦三大核心规则，覆盖语法逻辑与语境意义： ·语法一致：主语为单数/复数时谓语动词形式的对应规则（如不可数名词、单数代词作主语用单数谓语）； ·意义一致：根据主语所表达的单复数意义确定谓语形式（如集体名词表整体用单数、表成员用复数）； ·就近原则：由or/either...or等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与最近主语的单复数保持一致。 精讲精练 知识点一：主谓一致的核心规侧 ·语法一致（主语单复数形式决定谓语动词形式）》 -规则：单数主语用单数谓语，复数主语用复数谓语。 -例句：☐The girl studies hard every day..(单数主语the girl,谓语用studies)These books are mine.(复数主语these books,谓语用are) ·意义一致（主语意义上的单复数决定谓语形式） -常见情况：集合名词（如family,,class)表整体时视为单数，表成员时视为复数；不定代词（如everyone,. nobody)表单数。 -例句：口My family is a big one.(family表整体，谓语用is)My family are watching TV now.(family 表成员，谓语用are)·Everyone has a dream.(不定代词everyone表单数，谓语用has) ·就近原则（谓语形式由靠近的主语部分决定） -常见结构：either..or.,neither.nor,not only..but also..等连接并列主语时。 -例句：Either you or he is right.(靠近谓语的主语he为单数，谓语用is)Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.(靠近谓语的teacher为单数，谓语用knows) 【即学即练】 1.【语法一致】hich sentence is correct? A.The boy play basketball every day. B.The boy plays basketball every day. C.These boy plays basketball every day. D.This boys play basketball every day. 2.【意义一致】My family_(be)having dinner together now.(填适当形式) 3.【就近原则】Neither she nor I_(be)late for school today.(填适当形式) 4.【核心规则辨析】集体名词class表整体时，谓语动词用 数；表成员时用 数。 5.【就近原则应用】Not only my parents but also my brother_(like)swimming.(填适当形式) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点二：主谓一致的特殊情况与易错点 ·集合名词与主谓一致（意义一致的延伸） 1.表整体（视为单数） -常见集合名词：class(班级)、team(团队)、government(政府)、public(公众) 一例句： -·The class is going to have a picnic next Sunday.(班级整体活动，谓语用is) -口The government has announced a new policy.(政府作为整体，谓语用has) 2.表成员（视为复数） -常见集合名词：family(家人)、staf(全体员工)、crew(全体船员/机组人员) 一例句： -口My family are preparing for the Spring Festival..(家人成员的动作，谓语用are) -口The staff were discussing the problem in the meeting room.(员工们的动作，谓语用were) ·不定代词与主谓一致（语法一致的特殊应用） 1.单数意义的不定代词（谓语用单数） -常见代词：someone(某人)、anyone(任何人)、no one(没人)、something(某事)、nothing (没什么)、each(每个)、either(两者中任-)、neither(两者都不) 一例句 -口Someone is knocking at the door.(someone表单数，谓语用is) -Each of the students has a dictionary.(each表单数，谓语用has) 2.复数意义的不定代词（谓语用复数） -常见代词：both(两者都)、few(少数)、many(许多)、several(几个) 一例句： -口Both of my parents work in a hospital..(both表复数，谓语用work) -口Many students like playing online games..(many表复数，谓语用like) ·数量短语作主语（语法一致与意义一致的结合） 1.“分数百分数+of+名词”结构（谓语与of后的名词一致） 一规则：名词为可数复数时谓语用复数；名词为不可数名词时谓语用单数 一例句： -口Two thirds of the books are written in English.(books为复数，谓语用are) -口Three fourths of the water has been used up.(water为不可数，谓语用has) 2.“a number of+可数名词复数”与“the number of+可数名词复数” -a number of(许多)：表复数意义，谓语用复数 -the number of(…的数量)：表单数意义，谓语用单数 一例句： -☐A number of students are absent today.(许多学生，谓语用are) -口The number of students in our class is45.(学生数量，谓语用is) ·并列主语的主谓一致（就近原则的补充） 1.由with,together with,as well as连接的并列主语（谓语与前面的主语一致） -规则：谓语形式仅由with前的主语单复数决定 一例句： -口Tom,together with his friends,plays football every Saturday..(主语为Tom单数，谓语用plays) -口My parents,as wel‖asl,are going to visit Beijing..(主语为parents复数，谓语用are) 2.there be句型（就近原列的典型应用）》 -规则：be动词的单复数由靠近be的名词单复数决定 一例句： -There is a book and two pens on the desk.(靠近be的a book为单数，用is) -☐There are two pens and a book on the desk.(靠近be的two pens为复数，用are) 高中英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 知识点三：主谓一致的其他特殊情形 ·以s结尾的名词与主谓一致（语法一致的特殊情况） 1.学科名词（视为单数） -常见学科：maths(数学)、physics(物理)、politics(政治)、economics(经济学) 一例句： -口Maths is my favorite subject..(数学作为学科整体，谓语用is) -口Physics requires a lot of logical thinking..(物理学科的特性，谓语用requires)) 2.复数形式的名词（视为复数） -常见名词：trousers(裤子)、glasses(眼镜)、scissors(剪刀)、goods(商品) 一例句： -口My trousers are too long for me.(裤子为复数概念，谓语用are) -·The goods were delivered to the store yesterday..(商品为复数，谓语用were) ·时间、距离、金钱等作主语（意义一致的特殊应用） -整体概念（视为单数） *规则：表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语用单数 *例句： *口Ten years has passed since we graduated.(十年时间整体，谓语用has) *☐Two thousand dollars is enough for the trip.(金钱总额整体，谓语用is) *口Five kilometers is a long way to walk.(距离整体，谓语用is) ·定语从句中的主谓一致（语法一致与意义一致结合） 1.先行词为“one of+复数名词”（从句谓语用复数） 一例句： -口He is one of the students who have passed the exam.(who指代students复数，谓语用have) -口This is one of the books that were written by Mo Yan.(that指代books复数，谓语用were) 2.先行词为“the only one of+复数名词”（从句谓语用单数） 一例句： -口He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.(the only one强调唯一，谓语用 has) -口This is the only one of the books that was written by Mo Yan.(the only one强调唯一，谓语用 was) ·倒装句中的主谓一致（就近原则与语法一致结合） 1.方位副词开头的倒装句（谓语与主语一致） -规则：以here,there,out,in等开头的倒装句，谓语单复数由后面的主语决定 一例句： -☐Here comes the bus.(主语bus为单数，谓语用comes) -口There go the children.(主语children为复数，谓语用go) 2.“such+be+主语”结构（谓语与主语一致） -例句： -Such is the result of our hard work.(主语result为单数，谓语用is) -口Such are the problems we need to solve.(主语problems为复数，谓语用are) 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 老法一：集合名词的主谓一致 ·核心：根据集合名词表示整体还是成员意义，确定谓语动词的单复数形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The crew_(be)preparing for takeoff when the storm hit 一答案：were解析：crew表示“全体机组人员”，此处指成员的具体动作，视为复数，谓语用were。 ·真题2（单项选择）： -Our class__going to have a party next Friday. A.is B.are C.am D.be -答案：A解析：class表示“班级整体”，指班级的集体活动，视为单数，谓语用is。 考法二：集合名词与主谓一致 ·核心：根据集合名词在语境中表整体还是成员意义，判断谓语动词的单复数形式 ·真题1（语法填空）： The crew_(be)preparing for the flight carefully.They need to check every device -答案：are解析：由后句主语They指代crew成员，可知此处crew表成员意义，视为复数，谓语用 are ·真题2（单项选择）： Our class_going to have a welcome party for the new students next Friday. A.am B.is C.are D.be -答案：B解析：class在此处表班级整体活动，视为单数，谓语用is。 考法三：综合主谓一致规则的情境应用 ·核心：结合语法一致、意义一致及就近原则，综合判断集合名词、不定代词、数量短语及并列结构中的 谓语形式 ·真题1（单项选择）： Neither the teacher nor the students_aware that the class meeting-been canceled. A.is have B.are has C.are have D.is has -答案：B解析：第一空neither..nor..连接并列主语时遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的"”students'”为复数， 故用are;第二空"the class meeting”作为集合名词表整体概念，视为单数，助动词用has。 ·真题2（语法填空）： -Three fifths of the equipment_(repair)yesterday,but the number of workers_(be)still insufficient. -答案：were repaired was解析：第一空”分数+of+名词”结构中，equipment虽为不可数名词，但根 据语境指具体设备部件，且有时间标志词"yesterday”,用一般过去时被动语态were repaired;第二 空"the number of'表单数意义，用was。 高中|英语|沪教版 ENGLISH-高中系列资料（沪教版） 真题演练 演练一：单项选择（共10题） 1.My familywatching TV in the living room now. A.is B.are C.am D.be 2.Neither my parents nor my brother_at home today. A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.The number of students in our school _increased by 10%this year. A.have B.has C.is D.are 4.Physics_a difficult subject for many students,but I like it. A.are B.is C.was D.were 5.Ten thousand dollars_enough to buy a new laptop. A.are B.is C.have D.has 6.Tom,together with his classmates,_to the museum every weekend. A.go B.goes C.went D.are going 7.There_a pen,two books and a notebook on the desk. A.is B.are C.was D.were 8.He is one of the boys whowon the first prize in the competition. A.has B.have C.is D.are 9.Such-the results of our hard work over the past month. A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.Here_the bus!Let's hurry up. A.come B.comes C.coming D.to come 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The staff_(discuss)the new plan in the meeting room now. 2.Everyone in the class_(have)a dictionary. 3.Two thirds of the land_(be)covered with trees. 4.A number of students_(be)late for class this morning. 5.My trousers_(be)too short for me.I need to buy a new pair. 6.Five years_(pass)since I moved to this city 7.Neither the teacher nor the students_(know)the answer to the question. 8.This is the only one of the books that_(be)written by Lu Xun. 9.The government_(announce)a new policy to help farmers last week.